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Group 2 :NOORUL HUSNA
MEGAT MUHAMMAD KHUDRI DARUS
NUR FARAHIYAH MOHD O
NUR SYAHIRAH ABD
NURUL FARASYIKIEN
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Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
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Motor skills are motions carried out when the brain, nervouand muscles work together.
Gross motor skillsare the bigger movementssuch as runnjumpingthat use the large muscles in the arms, legs, torsofeet.
Fine motor skillsare small movementssuch as grabbing s
with your thumb and forefingerthat use the small musclefingers, toes, wrists, lips, and tongue.
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DevelopmentChart
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0-3 MONTHSHands most often remain closed
has grasp reflex (grasps objectsinvoluntarily if placed in palm)
2-4 MONTHSreaches for ("swipes at") objectsinaccurately
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3-3 1/2 MONTHSclasps hands together often
3 1/2- 4 MONTHSbegins purposeful, visually directed
reaching
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3-7 MONTHScan hold small objects in hand
4-8 MONTHScan transfer objects from one
hand to the other
can pick up cube/medium
sized object easily
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4-10 MONTHSdevelops accurate forward and sidereach
5-9 MONTHS"rakes" or "scoops" small objects to pickthem up (i.e. using fingers/palm/wholehand to scoop up Cheerios, raisins etc.)
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7-9 MONTHSintentionally able to drop/release
objects (get ready for the "watch-
me-drop-this-watch-mommy/
daddy-pick-it-up-AGAIN" game!)
7-12 MONTHS
able to pick up small objects using
thumb and finger/fingers
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10 MONTHSpokes and/or points with
index finger
12-18 MONTHSholds crayon with whole
hand, thumb up
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2 YEARS
holds crayon with thumb and all fingers,forearm turned so thumb is pointing
down, puts on shoes, socks, and shorts;
takes off shoes and socks, can use a
spoon by himself, keeping it upright can
draw and copy a vertical line
2 1/2- 3 YEARSstrings large beads, snips paper with scissors,rolls clay/playdoh into "snakes, can draw
and copy a horizontal line
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3-3 1/2 YEARSable to complete simple puzzles, can build a tower of nine sor more, can get himself dressed/undressed independently; help with buttons; still confuses
front/back for clothes, and right/left for shoes, can feed himlittle or no spilling, drinks from a cup/glass with one hand
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3 1/2- 4 YEARScan pour his own drink from a pitcher if not too heavy, cansmall pegs into small holes, able to string small beads, can pencil with a "tripod grasp" (3 fingers), but moves
forearm and wrist to write/draw/color
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4-4 1/2 YEARScan use scissors to follow and cut both straight and curvedmanage buttons, zippers, and snaps completely, can drawcopy a cross (one vertical and one horizontal intersecting
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4 1/2- 5 YEARScan hold fork using his fingers, can feed himself soup with lispilling, folds paper in half, making sure the edges meet pua lock and opens it
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5 YEARScan get dressed completely by himself, and usually tie shocuts square, triangle, circle, and simple pictures with scissoknife to spread food items (jelly, peanut butter, mayo etc.)dull knife to cut soft foods; able to draw and copy a diagouses a "tripod grasp" on writing utensils (thumb & tips of 1st fingers) and uses fingers only (because small muscles of ha
developed) to write/draw/color
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5 1/2- 6 YEARScan build a five block "bridge; sufficient bilateral handcoordination to cut out complex pictures, accurately followoutline; able to copy a sequence of letters or numbers cor
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6 YEARSable to complete complex puzzles
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Pom poms Buttons Paperclips
Clothespins Rubber bands Tweezers
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Pipe cleaners Straws Play dough
Bolts and nuts
Stickers Hole pun
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Toothpicks
Baskets and
colanders
Kitchen tongsSyringes andbasters
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http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materialpromoting-fine-motor-skills/
May refer to this website for more activities and details:
http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/http://handsonaswegrow.com/30-kids-activities-materials-for-promoting-fine-motor-skills/8/12/2019 Stages of Child Development1
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Begins with fertilization until birth
Usually takes 38 to 40 weeks
Can be divided into 3 periods:
- The germinal period
- The embryonic period
- The fetal period
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The germinal period
Takes place during the first two weeks
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The embryonic period
Begins from 2nd(blastocyst attach to uterine wall) weeks
Called as embryo
Rate of cell differentiation is very rapid
Formation of organs (Organogenesis)
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The prenatal development also can be divided into
period which called as trimester:
First trimester (first 3 months)
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Second trimester (middle 3 months)
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Third trimester (last 3 months)
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Begins after birth until 2 years old
Generally follow 2 patterns:- Cephalocaudal pattern: the sequenwhich the fastest growth always occurs at t(head). The physical growth gradually wfrom top to bottom.
- Proximodistal pattern: the growthsequence that start at the center of t
body and move towards the extremities
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Newborns can see only about 8 to 15 inches away
1 or 2 months old : baby will have learned to focueyes and will be able to track a moving object lefright.
2 months old - 4 months old : color differences wilbecome clearer to baby.
5-month : spotting very small items.
8 months : recognize people and objects across th
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Months Gross Motor Development Fine Motor Development
Weight: 7 to 8 pounds 0-1 Largely reflex The eyes fixated on the person
Length: 19 to 21 inches Keeps hands fisted
Able to follow object to midline
Vital sign: 2 Holds heads up when prone Development of social smile
T - 37.5 C Response to familar voices
P - 120 - 240 bpm 3 Holds heads and chest up when prone The baby knows how to cry
R - 30 - 60 /min Laughs aloud
BP - 80/40 mmHg Babbles
Follow object past midline
4 Grasp Can raise head and chest
Stepping Teething
Tonic neck Reach out to objectReflexes are fading
5 Turn front to back Roll over
Has head lag when pull upright Hold block at each hand
Bears partial weight on feet when pull upright
6 Turn both way Double birth weight
Eruption of 1st tooth
Sits with minimal support
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7 Reaches out in anticipation of being picked up "dada", "mama"
Sits unsteadily sleep on prone position
Uses finger to hold object
Transfer object from hand to hand
8 Sits securely without support Sits alone steadily for an indefinite period
Recognize strangers
Peek-a-boo (to test memory)
9 Crepes or crawls Can hold own bottle
Start to crawl
Understand simple gesture
10 Pull self to stand From crawling to stand
Response when call by his name
11 From crawling to stand walks with assistance
12 Stand alone Triple birth weight
Some infant takes the 1st step Can say 2 syllable words
Can walk with help
An infant gains 15 Walks alone well Put small pellet into small bottle
about 5 to 6 lbs Can seat self in chair scribble voluntary
Holds a spoon
Prominent abdomen 18 Can run and jump in place
-belly Can walk up and down stairs with assistance No longer rotate the spoon to bring it to mouth
24 Walks up stairs alone Can open doors by turning doorknob
Unsrew lids
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Physical developme
of child
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The percentage of increase inheight and weight decreaseswith each additional year.
(Darrah, Maggil-Evans, 2009)
This due to
as influence
Girls have more fatty tissueBoys have more muscletissue
Growth pind(Burns &
Girl slightly smaller and
lighter than the boys.
A review of the height andweight of children around the
world concluded that twoimportant contributors to
height differences are ethnicorigin and nutrition.(Meredith, 1978)
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Source : Wikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_heighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_height8/12/2019 Stages of Child Development1
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Average 2-3inches a year.
8 years old :Average both
gender 4 feet 2inches tall
Middle and laterchildhood-gainabout 5 to 7
pounds a year.
The average8-year-old girl and
boy weigh 56pounds.
(National CenterHealth Statistics,
2000)
Muscle strength
increase adecreases
late ch
(Hockenber20
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Physical developme
of adolescence
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Rapid physical maturation involving hormonaland bodily changes.
The features and proportions of the bodychange as the individual becomes capable ofreproducing.
Puberty might begin as early as 10 years ofage or as late as 13 for boys might endas early as 13 years or as late as 17 years.
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Judith Blakemoreand her
colleagues (2009,p.58) recently
described
Occur before 8years of age in
girls and before 9years of age in
boys.
10 times moreoften in girl
than in boys.
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Medline Plus.
Puberty : . Pubic, armpit and leg hair begin
growing in around age 9 or 10.
Girls begin to develop breasts asearly as the age of 8, and their
full breast size is reachedbetween the ages of 12 and 18.
The average age for a girl toexperience her first menstrualperiod is 12.5.
Breast & hip growth (fonly).
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A growth spurt is also commonis early adolescent boys, usuallyoccurring around the age of 14.
A boy may grow 4.1 inchestaller in one year.
Boys also gain weight rapidly
during this stage - an increasein muscle mass.voice deepens due to growth of
the male larynx muscles (males)
The earliest age for prelated changes in bo9, when a boy's testicscrotum and penis main size.
growth, along with th
emergence of pubic, lfacial and armpit hairA boy may also begin
nocturnal emissions odreams" during earlyadolescence.
Virginia Cooperative Extension.
R f
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References
http://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-pdevelopment.html
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-developmemiddle-childhood.html
http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-developearly-adolescence/
http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-develop
ages/
http://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/124679-physical-development-ages/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.livestrong.com/article/160143-physical-development-in-early-adolescence/http://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/facts_5011581_physical-development-middle-childhood.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/about_5668725_theories-children_s-physical-development.html8/12/2019 Stages of Child Development1
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