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Stairs, Windows, Doors, and Roofs
Stairs• They are subject to detailed
requirements under Building Regulations Approved Document K – in respect of pitch, width, headroom,
guarding, landings and treads. – All stairs are required to have protection
to prevent people falling from height. •This can be provided by traditional timber balustrading and handrails. ex: balustrades
Stairs
• Most stairs are generally constructed in timber, steel or concrete, although there are some fantastic glass stairs around. See our page on glass stairs for some good examples.
• Spiral stairs are useful when you have restricted space, but can be complicated to set out. Small spiral and spacesaver stairs and ladders are useful for loft conversions.
• Stringer: the long, diagonal supports that run the entire length of the stairs. – The supports are blocked, cut or notched to
accept the individual treads and risers. – There are usually two stringers, one on each
side and occasionally a third in the middle.
• Tread: is the flat surface that is stepped on; the width of the tread is equivalent to the run.
• Riser: is the vertical component; the height of the riser is equivalent to the rise.
• Stairs without risers are called "open" stairs.
Stairs
• The maximum height of the riser (or rise that a person needs to step up to the next stair) is 8 to 8-1/4 inches.
• The riser's height should not vary more than 1/2 inch between the shortest and tallest risers.
• The minimum width of the tread (or run) on which a person places their foot is 8 1/4 to 9 inches.
– If a stair is more than 44 inches wide, a handrail is required on both sides.
Stairs
• Tread should be level with a maximum deviation of a 2% slope.
• To ensure stability, the minimum width at any point of stringer should be 3-1/2 inches.
• A vertical clearance of 6 feet 8 inches needs to be maintained between the stair and ceiling at all points.
• The stairwell must be a minimum of 36 inches wide.
• Landings– Most fire codes do not allow stairs to rise more
than 12 feet without providing a landing.
– The length of the landing should be at least equal to the width of the stair tread.
• Balustrade– According to the 1996 COBE code, the openings
between balusters is to be no greater than 4 inches. Smaller holes reduce injuries to young children.
– The balustrade is topped by a handrail 30 to 38 inches above the top of the stringer; the handrail's grip size is between 1¼ to 2 inches.
– If the handrail is mounted on a wall, a space of at least 1½ inches must be left between the edge of the handrail and the wall.
Example of Stairs in Homes:
• http://www.adamsstairworks.com/
Doors
– Situation: internal/external – Opening: inward/outward – Types: single/double doors/folding/sliding/stable – Performance: fire rated/smoke seal – Material: timber/aluminium/steel/uPVC – Construction: ledge and
braced/panelled/solid/veneered – Finish: painted/stained/lacquered/self finish – Glazing: fully glazed/half glazed/solid also
clear/frosted – Frame: doorset or loose assembled – Other: weatherstripped/water bar/letterbox/catflap
Doors
• For examples of Doors and Windows:
– http://www.milgard.com/getting-started/window-and-door-styles.asp
Windows
• Double or single hung windows– Opens virtically
• Sliding windows – Opens horizontally
• Casement or rollout windows – Hinged on sides and opens outward
Windows
• Awning or hopper windows– Hinged on top and opens outward– Usually found in basements
• Louvered windows – Several strips of glass that are tilted open to
allow ventilation– The glass is maneuvered with a rollout type
handle or a lever
Windows
• Bay
• Box bay
• Casement
• Circle Bay
• Label Mold
Windows• Ribbon Windows
• Oriel
• Paired windows
• Hood Mold
• Palladian
Roofs
• Bonnet:
• Cross gabled: often used for Tudors and Cape Cods
Roofs
• Front gabled: Used for Cape Cods and Colonials
• Gambrel: Either front- or side-faced; used in Dutch Colonials
Roofs
• Hipped: Used in 1 and 2- stories and four square bungalows
• Mansard: Often found in French colonial and Ranch styles
Roofs
• Pavilion-hipped: Featured in Cape Cod, Colonial, and Ranch styles
• Side-gabled:
• Salt Box: Featured in two-story colonials; common in the eastern United States
• http://www.thehouseplanner.co.uk/staircases.html
• http://www.sizes.com/home/stairs.htm• http://www.usinspect.com/Stairs/StairsMain.asp• http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/home/
windows/window_styles.html• http://www.realtor.org/rmomag.nsf/pages/arch34• http://www.novaexteriors.com/4%20Doors/
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