STALINs GULAG ARCHIPELAGO The Role of Slave Labor and the Labor
Camps in the USSRs Industrial Revolution
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The 5-Year Plan Need for Labor Enormity of the tasks set Labor
Shortages Role of Prison Camps
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GULAG Introduction of the Gulag First Gulag Project: Belomor
Canal Equipping of Prison Workers
Slide 4
The Belomor Canal Project
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Workers Working with Nothing Gulag workers working with picks
and shovels on a massive construction project. Note the absence of
heavy machinery that would normally be used.
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The Labor Camps Abundance of labor camps by end of 1930s Rapid
increase in number of prisoners Horrible Conditions
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The Gulag Archipelago: Gulags in the USSR in the 1930s
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Gulag Worker Filing Out for Work
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Eating Utensils & Daily Bread Ration "Each time they
brought in the soup... it made us all want to cry. We were ready to
cry for fear that the soup would be thin. And when a miracle
occurred and the soup was thick we couldnt believe it and ate it as
slowly as possible. But even with thick soup in a warm stomach
there remained a sucking pain; wed been hungry for too long. All
human emotionslove, friendship, envy, concern for ones fellow man,
compassion, longing for fame, honestyhad left us with the flesh
that had melted from our bodies... - V.T. Shalamov, Dry
Rations,
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Vicious Cycle of Malnutrition & Work We were never in a
condition to o what was demanded of us to have enough to eat. The
hungrier we were, the worse we worked. The worse we worked, the
hungrier we became. From that vicious circle there was no
escape
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Conditions in a Labor Camp
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Meals in a Labor Camp Account by a Gulag Survivor 1 st cauldron
(for those who failed to achieve the full norms; the day laborers
in the zone; and invalids, second class) thin soup twice a day and
400 grams of bread. 2 nd cauldron (the full norm and office
workers) thin soup twice a day; 700 grams of bread, and buckwheat
in the evenings 3 rd cauldron (for those achieving 15 or 20 percent
above the norm): soup twice a day, 900 grams of bread, buckwheat
and a small piece of fish or meat in the evening. 4 th cauldron
(the governing staff) 750 grams of bread and a meal twice a day
containing meat or fats. 5 th cauldron (sick food) a meal three
times a day and 700 grams of bread. The prisoners are fed between 4
and 5 AM before leaving for work and after their return between 5
and 7 PM. But as a rule the prisoners receive no food during their
12 hours of work.
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What Were Their Crimes? Look Me in the Eyes and Tell Me
Honestly: Who is your friend? Who is your enemy? You have no
friends among capitalists. You have no enemies among the workers.
Only in a union of the workers of all nations will you be
victorious over capitalism and liberated from exploitation. Down
with national antagonisms! Workers of the world unite!
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Crimes Punishable Have you ever been late to work? In the
Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times could be
sent to the Gulag for three years. Have you ever told a joke about
a government official? In the Stalin era, many were sent to the
Gulag for up to 25 years for telling an innocent joke about a
Communist Party official. If your family was starving, would you
take a few potatoes left in a field after harvest? In the Stalin
era, a person could be sent to the Gulag for up to ten years for
such petty theft.
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War Against the Kulaks
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Women in the Gulag Suffering and violence No consideration of
special circumstances
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The Kolyma Camps Severity of Kolyma Region Camps Them there
gold in them fields Conditions in Kolyma Camps
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Kolyma
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Death in Kolyma The newly-arrived prisoner transport saw even
before being led through the door [that] every tent in the
settlement was surrounded with piles of frozen corpses on three out
of four sides, except where the door was (And this was not to
terrify: people died, the snow was 2 meters deep, and beneath it
was only permafrost.
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Human Cost of the Gulag System
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Quotes of Stalin You cannot make a revolution with silk gloves.
Death is the solution to all problems. No man - no problem. The
death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions is a
statistic.
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The Gulag Archipelago Alexander Solzhenitsyn Do not pursue what
is illusoryproperty, position, all that is gained at the expense of
your nerves, decade after decade, and is confiscated in one fell
night. Live with a steady superiority over lifedon't be afraid of
misfortune and do not yearn after happiness; it is, after all, all
the samethe bitter doesn't last forever and the sweet never fills
the cup to overflowing. It is enough if you don't freeze in the
cold, if thirst and hunger don't claw at your insides. If your back
isn't broken, if your feet can walk, if your arms bend, if both
eyes can see, and if both ears can hear, then whom should you envy?
And why? Our envy of others devours us most of all.
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The Gulag Archipelago Alexander Solzhenitsyn Rub your eyes and
purify your heartand prize above all else in the world those who
love you and wish you well. Do not hurt them or scold them, and
never part with them in anger; after all, you simply do not know,
it may be your last act. - Alexander Solzhenitsyn