Standardized Individual Output Development: Linguistic Approaches for Requirements Engineering Problems through Cultural Differences. Case Studies from Requirements Engineering Education in the Context of E-Publishing at the Chair of Book Studies.

Athens Institute for Education and Research (ATINER) 8th Annual International Conference on Languages & Linguistics Athens, 6 July 2015

Joern Fahsel, Research Associate and Ph.D. Candidate Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU) Institute for Book Studies, Germany joern.fahsel@fau.de http://www.buchwiss.uni-erlangen.de/

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Agenda

1. Motivation and Problem

2. Cases

3. Theory

4. Results and Outlook

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Motivation – Print to Digital Content Services

Print Products Digital Content Services

selected Print Products of the institute for book studies

Sliced Books as idea for individual selection and bundeling of Content

http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-book-of-the-future-sliced-and-diced

Crossmedia Publishing Plattforms for collaborative online creation as Single Source for multiple Media

Online Editor for creation of scientific papers (based on the Xeditor Plattform of Appsoft in Munich)

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Requirements Engineering (RE) – Process

Management Elicitation

Documentation Validation

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RE process and cultural influences (1/2)

influences from the three cultural aspects on the actors in the requirements process

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RE process and cultural influences (2/2)

inhouse situation with only internal staff from one nation

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Agenda

1. Motivation and Problem

2. Cases

3. Theory

4. Results and Outlook

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Case – »Template Approach«

Template Structure

Template Application

(Rupp 2009)

Rupp 2009: Rupp, C.: Requirements-Engineering und -Management: Professionelle, iterative Anforderungsanalyse für die Praxis. München/Wien 2009.

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»Template Approach« – Linguistic Standard Blocks

Transformational Grammar

Surface Structure

Filter

Deep Structure

Culture Socialization

Solution-Linguistics-NLP

Surface Structure SIC-TransformationalGrammarRequirement NLPDevelopment

Requirement fault SIC-NLPRequirement Template ApproachDevelopment

Customer Needs SIC-TemplateRequirement Project ImplementationDevelopment

Solution-Template-Project Implementation

Solution-Template Approach

Individual project output as a component of individual output composites (Chomsky 1968; Bandler/Grinder 1975)

Chomsky 1968: Chomsky, N. 1968. Language and Mind. New York. Bandler/Grinder 1975 : Bandler R.; Grinder, J. 1975: The Structure of Magic Vol. 1+2 Science and Behaviour Books, Palo Alto.

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Case – »Holistic Concept«

Problems of different Models

Requirements-Model Analyse-Model Implementation-Model

Transformation Transformation

Solution – »Holistic Concept« • Solution for different languages of participants: The challenge of demand for

natural language formulation by the departments and a semiformal communication in the technical context should be solved by the approach.

• Idea of a Lingua Franca : Should Provide a common language for all participants. (Fahsel/Dudek 2013)

Fahsel/Dudek 2013: Fahsel, J.; Dudek, R. 2013. Holistische Modelle: Ansätze zur ganzheitlichen Modellierung. Vortrag auf dem Kolloquium am Lehrstuhl Software Engineering (Leitung: Prof. Dr. Francesca Saglietti), Universität Erlangen, 13.12.2013.

Transformation

• causes an increased expenditure of time • transformations inherent leads to loss of information

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»Holistic Concept«– Linguistic Standard Block Maieutic process standard of ancient Greek • »I know that I know nothing« as a basic attitude: Helps the respondents in

the genesis and open up the questioner at best to new knowledge and help him to put his constructions in question.

• Maieutic Standard block leads in identfing new perspectives of a holisitc

approach.

identified Features of a holistic concept

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Case Study – Synthesis Pattern Instance - SIC

Composite-Pattern Composite

Component

SIC

SIC-Hermeneutical Spiral

«uses»

Transformational Grammar

Surface Structure

Filter

Deep Structure

Culture Socialization

Solution-Linguistics-NLP

Surface Structure SIC-TransformationalGrammarRequirement NLPDevelopment

Requirement fault SIC-NLPRequirement Template ApproachDevelopment

Solution-Project Implementation-Lingua Franca

Customer Needs SIC-TemplateRequirement Project ImplementationDevelopment

Solution-Template-Project Implementation

Project Implementation SIC-Template-UMLRequirement Holistic ConceptDevelopment

Solution-Template Approach

SIC as an instance of the Composite Pattern

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Agenda

1. Motivation and Problem

2. Cases

3. Theory

4. Results and Outlook

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Standardized Individual Output Development

Interactions of the Standardized Individual Output Development (based on Schacht 2009)

Individual Output Customer

Requirements

Individual Output Development

Standardized Individual Output

Consumption

Input natural language

semiformal

formal

Non verbal - NLP

Schacht/Hertel 2009: Schacht, M.; Hertel, L.: Notwendigkeit und Nutzen von Normeninformationen in Geschäftsprozessen. In: DIN-Mitteilungen (2009) Nr. Juli 2009, pp. 24–30.

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Standardized Individual Development Cube (SIC)

Framework as a Cube (Fahsel / Schleifer 2015; based on Process Cube approach of van der Aalst 2013)

Publ

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g In

dust

ry

Soft

war

e In

dust

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mor

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Domain

Value Chain

Standard Type

creation

building

distribution

product process

communication

Legend Domain Standard Catalog Standard Innovation across domains analogies

Fahsel/Schleifer 2015: Fahsel, J.; Schleifer, I.: Standardisierte Individualentwicklung: Vom Printprodukt zum Individuellen Content. Präsentation auf er Leipziger Buchmesse. Leipzig 14.03.2015. van der Aalst 2013: Process cubes: Slicing, dicing, rolling up and drilling down event data for process mining. In: Asia Pacific Business Process Management. Berlin 2013. pp. 1-22.

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Standard Innovation – Pyramid Search

Publ

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g In

dust

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Soft

war

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dust

riy

Ling

uist

ic

Distribution

Standard Innovation

Climbing Pyramids in search of Ideas (Poetz/Prügl 2014)

Domain Problem

Abstracted Problem

Abstracted Solution

Domain Solution

TRIZ Method – systematic standard reuse over abstraction and transfering (vgl. Mann 2001)

Domain

Semantic

Fahsel/Schleifer 2015: Fahsel, J.; Schleifer, I.: Standardisierte Individualentwicklung: Vom Printprodukt zum Individuellen Content. Präsentation auf der Leipziger Buchmesse. Leipzig 14.03.2015. Mann 2001: Mann, D.: An introduction to TRIZ: The theory of inventive problem solving. In: Creativity and Innovation Management 10 (2001) Nr. 2, pp. 123–125. Poetz/Prügl 2014 : Poetz, M.; Prügl, R.: Find the Right Expert for Any Problem. https://hbr.org/2014/12/find-the-right-expert-for-any-problem! [20.02.2015]

Standard Innovation Slice (Fahsel/Schleifer 2015)

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Standardinnovation – Semantic Searches

Publ

ishin

g In

dust

ry

Soft

war

e In

dust

riy

Ling

uist

ics

Distribution

Standard Innovation

systematic Standard reuse over semantic searches and graph databases (Schacht 2014)

Domain Problem

Abstrahiertes Problem

Abstrahierte Lösung

Domain Lösung

TRIZ Method – systematic Standard reuse (vgl. Mann 2001)

Domain

Semantik

Fahsel et al. 2014: Fahsel, J.; Abert, C.; Delling, F.; Köstler, K.; Menten, S.; Kraus, V.: Standardisierte Individualentwicklung: Vom Jahresbericht der Buchwissenschaft Erlangen zum Crossmedialen Workflow. (Projektvorstellung der Master-Studenten). Frankfurt 12.10.2014. Mann 2001: Mann, D.: An introduction to TRIZ: The theory of inventive problem solving. In: Creativity and Innovation Management 10 (2001) Nr. 2, pp. 123–125. Schacht 2014: Schacht, M.: Nutzen semantischer Technologien in der Normung und Anwendung. In: DIN-Mitteilungen (2014) Nr. 10-2014, pp. 6–11.

Standard Innovation Slice (Fahsel et al. 2014)

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Standardized Individual Output Development • design process for development of customized outputs through Standards • systematic re-use their own standards or other domains through analogies • empirical investigation supports the approach Sustainability of Linguistics • template approach and the holistic concept approach are interpreted as

compositions • compositions whose development based on the use of linguistic standard

blocks: NLP, transformational grammar or Maieutic Summarized: The case study shows the application of the Standardized Individual Output Development to solve the problem of cultural differences in requirements engineering solved by individual outputs that based on linguistic standard blocks.

Results

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Outlook Investigation of Intercultural Aspects in Requirements Engineering • practical application in teaching are rather underrepresented in the research • derived from that requirement a first draft for a collaborative research project was

created • should expanded to an international research project in the next step about gaining of

international project partners (Herrmann/Hoffmann/Weißbach 2014)

Sustainable Education for sustainable Societies • Sustainable Education as the foundation for a sustainable development of a people, the

economy and the environment • challenge is a global, high-quality, local and individual customized education • current investigation releates to this stressfield: A qualitative, global and sustainable

education should be solved by an institution-independent education via digital and networked media, e. g. Big Data Learning and Adaptive Books based on the Standardized Individual Development Approach

Online based authoring system of the cooperation partner Appsoft from Munich: Can be used for free for the collaborative creation of scientific papers Herrmann/Hoffmann/Weißbach 2014: Herrmann, A., Hoffmann, A. and Weißbach, R. 2014. Research on Intercultural Teaching for RE. Proposal for a Multi Case Study. In: Penzenstadler, B; Gregory, S.; Landes, D. (eds.): REET 2014. Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering Education & Training co-located with 22nd International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE2014), pp.35-39. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1217/paper5.pdf [29.05.2015]

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