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1
State Agro-Meteorological Centre
Meteorological Centre
Gangtok: Sikkim
Annual Report for the year 2010-11
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No. Contents Page No.
1.
Introduction 3
2.
Integrated Agro-met Advisory Services(IAAS) 4
3.
Dissemination of Agro-Meteorological Bulletins 4
4.
World Meteorological Day 2011 5
5.
Farmers Awareness Programme (User’s Workshop) 6
6.
Agro-met Brochure 8
7.
District Level Forecast & Use of Numerical Weather
Prediction System of India Meteorological
Department 9
8.
Annual Review Meeting 2010
10
9. Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agro-
meteorology and Land based observations (FASAL) 12
10. Future Plans 13
3
1. Introduction:
The Meteorological Observatory in
Gangtok was established on the 7th
May’1955 in the Raj Bhawan Area by
India Meteorological Department, New
Delhi. In the year 1978, an Agro-
meteorological Advisory Services (AAS)
Unit was subsequently established to
provide Agro-meteorological services to
the farmers of Sikkim. Another
Meteorological Observatory was
established in August 1978 in ICAR
Complex, Tadong for providing weather
data to Agricultural Scientists engaged
in active agricultural research. Further,
four Part-Time Observatories, one in
each district of Sikkim were established
during 1979-80 under the Agro-met
Scheme. From 1991 the Agro-
Meteorological Advisory Services Unit,
Gangtok started issue of bi-weekly
Agro-Meteorological Advisory Bulletins
for various end-users especially
progressive farmers of Sikkim in active
coordination with State Agricultural
Department Govt. of Sikkim. The Agro-
Meteorological Advisory Services Unit,
Gangtok has been upgraded to
Meteorological Centre, Gangtok in July
2003 and daily Local Weather Forecast
for Gangtok & neighbourhood issued
from April 2004 onwards. Under the
ongoing modernization phase of IMD,
various computerized equipments viz.
DMDD, HSDT, IVRS & VSAT have since
been installed at MC Gangtok.
4
2. Integrated Agro-
Meteorological Advisory
Service in Sikkim:
Bi-weekly Composite Agro-
Meteorological Advisory Bulletins for
Sikkim is being issued from 4th April
2008 onwards under Integrated Agro-
Meteorological Advisory Service
Scheme from State Agro-Meteorological
Centre (SAMC) MC Gangtok. Presently,
bi-weekly Composite Agro-
Meteorological Advisory Bulletins for
Sikkim is issued separately for the four
districts of Sikkim utilizing the synoptic
data of: M.O. Gangtok, M.O. Tadong &
PTO Mazitar for East District; PTO
Namthang for South District; and PTO
Mangan for North District.
3. Dissemination of Agro-
Meteorological Bulletins:
English version of bi-weekly Composite
Agro-Meteorological Advisory Bulletins
for Sikkim is regularly uploaded in
websites www.imd.gov.in;
www.imdagrimet.gov.in; and
www.imdsikkim.gov.in of MC Gangtok
and Nepali version is broadcast by AIR
Gangtok and telecast by Doordarshan
Kendra Gangtok. Moreover the bulletins
are mailed to various authorities of
Departments of Agriculture and
Horticulture Govt. of Sikkim from
broader utilization by progressive
farmers of respective
Agriculture/Horticulture Farms in
different districts of Sikkim.
5
www.imdsikkim.gov.in
4. WMO Day 2011:
World Meteorological Day was observed
on 23rd March 2011 in the premises of
Meteorological Observatory Raj Bhawan
Area Gangtok. The Observatory was
kept open to visitors and an exhibition
was arranged highlighting the various
activities and services viz. Weather
Forecast & Warnings, Agro-
Meteorological Bulletins, Seismological
Services, Data utilization through
satellite from Automatic Weather
Stations etc. rendered by M.C. Gangtok
and its network of departmental and
part-time observatories in Sikkim.
All the officials of MC Gangtok actively
participated in the exhibition and
6
demonstrated various aspects of
meteorology including weather &
climate, seismology etc.
to the visiting students and teachers of
various schools and colleges as well as
media personnel and briefed them
about various services provided by India
Meteorological Department for the
country.
Also the utility of all the meteorological
instruments installed in the observatory
were demonstrated especially to the
visiting students.
5. Farmers Awareness
Programme (User’s
Workshop): “User’s Workshop” was organized
by Meteorological Centre Gangtok on
30th April 2010 at the Seminar Hall of
Office of the Chief Election Officer,
Baluwakhani, Gangtok.
7
The conference was held in two
sessions, the first being the inaugural
session and the second being the user’s
participation and interaction. On the
occasion Mr. Bhim Prasad Dhungel,
Minister of Tourism and Science &
Technology, Govt. of Sikkim was the
chief guest and AVM (Dr.) Ajit Tyagi,
Director General of Meteorology
presided over the conference. Many
senior officers of IMD, State & Central
Govt. official including the stakeholders
of Integrated Agro-Meteorological
Advisory Service Scheme from State
Agro-Meteorological Centre (SAMC) MC
Gangtok IAAS, various NGOs from
Sikkim & Darjeeling Hills and media and
press participated.
DGM gave introduction about
advanced technologies for better and
accurate prediction and it’s timely
dissemination to the stakeholders and
end users of Sikkim. Consequently,
weather warnings are being issued to
various departments of Govt. of Sikkim,
public sector undertakings and all the
listed NGOs of Sikkim & North Bengal
(Sub-Himalayan West Bengal) via SMS
through High Speed Data Terminal
(HSDT) installed at MC Gangtok.
8
6. Agro-met Brochure:
Agricultural Meteorology Division,
India Meteorological Department (IMD)
in collaboration with State
Agricultural Universities, Indian Council
of Agricultural Research and Indian
Institute of Technology published
Agromet Brochure highlighting the
activities of the Agrimet Division
particularly the different tiers of
Integrated Agromet Advisory Services
launched by IMD/Ministry of Earth
Sciences (MoES) for the benefit of the
Indian farmers. For general awareness
and easier access to the
services of IMD, the brochure in
English and Nepali version have been
widely circulated to the concerned
stakeholders of organizations/institutes
like Department of
Agriculture/Horticulture/Veterinary,
Govt. of Sikkim; Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR) for North-
Eastern Hill Region, Tadong, East
Sikkim; State Agricultural Engineering
University, Ranipool, East Sikkim;
Regional Research Institutes, Spices
Board of India, Gangtok; Krishi Vigyan
Kendras of all the four districts of
9
Sikkim; NGOs and all other
organization directly and indirectly
related to the agricultural services
in Sikkim.
7. District Level Forecast & Use of Numerical Weather
Prediction System of India Meteorological Department:
District Level Quantitative
Forecasts for Sikkim state based on
Multi-model Ensemble (MME) Technique
available in the IMD website
www.imd.gov.in meant for the
Integrated Agro-Meteorological
Advisory Service Scheme is regularly
downloaded on the days of issue of bi-
weekly Composite Agro-Meteorological
Advisory Bulletins for Sikkim.
Value addition for rainfall carried
out based on the average of QPF
forecasts for different districts of Sikkim
as depicted by Global Forecast System
(GFS T382) incorporating Global
Statistical Interpolation (GSI) scheme
for the forecast up to 7 days and
the meso-scale forecast system WRF
(ARW – 9 km) for the forecast up to
3 days using initial and boundary
conditions from the IMD GFS-382 under
the modernization programme of the
Department. Value addition of other
[parameters are carried out based on
past trends and forecasted weather
patterns.
10
8. Annual Review Meeting 2010:
Annual Review meeting was
organized at Archarya N.G. Ranga
Agricultural University, Hyderabad
during 20-22 December, 2010. Major
recommendations of ARM are as
follows:
• There is need to develop products
on soil moisture, crop indices,
stress identification, pest &
disease mapping etc. for
preparation on crop and location
specific agromet advisories.
• There is need to prepare unified
system for verification of District
level weather forecast. The
success of the district level
agromet advisories depends on
the accuracy of forecast. It has
been observed that there is a
need to improve the district level
forecasts particularly in monsoon
season. There is need to provide
weather information and
weather forecast as well as
important agromet advisories to
State Government Officials and
all other users in the state
including the fertilizer industries
and seed corporation etc.
• Though initiative has been
taken by Agrimet Division,
Pune to disseminate the
agromet advisories under PPP
models to around 1 million
farmers; but there is a need to
extend this service to 3 million
farmers during next one year. In
order to facilitate wider
dissemination of agromet
advisories through mobile and
other sources the information
may be provided free of cost to
disseminating agencies and
funding from ATMA may be
explored.
11
• Though a number of AMFUs
have started preparation of
weather based advisories; still
there is lot of scope for
preparation of weather based
advisories particularly in
unseasonal and extreme weather
conditions. Besides, district level
AAS bulletins should be prepared
for all the districts (619) of the
country at the earliest.
• Feedback at different levels on
real time basis is one of the
important component; hence it
may be obtained on regular basis
and used in preparation of need
based agromet advisories.
• There is need to quantify the
impacts of unseasonal weather
and extreme weather events on
crops.
• District level Agromet Unit may
be set up in collaboration with
ICAR. Initiative for sensitization
of media for popularization of
AAS may be taken up on priority
basis. Krishi Darshan
Programme is an ideal
platform for popularizing the
Agromet Advisory Services as
large mass of the users sees this
programme on regular basis.
• Regular monitoring of
preparation of agromet
advisory bulletins as well as
sending the replies of the user’s
queries at different levels is
required to make this service
more vibrant and useful.
• Under the changing climate and
cropping pattern in different parts
of the country, there is a need to
revisit the classification of
agroclimatic zones. ICRISAT and
other NGOs are giving useful
services particularly in watershed
areas. Similarly NRSC generate
useful satellite information and
products for agriculture. This
information will be useful in
preparation of advisories.
12
9. Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agro-
meteorology and Land based observations (FASAL):
India Meteorological Department
has developed Crop Yield Forecasting
models based on multiple correlation
and regression technique. It is a
linear combination of predictors (both
meteorological parameters and
technological parameters), which
takes into account the influence of
weather and technological advances
on yield.
Based on the above methodology,
pre-harvest crop yield forecast
models have been developed for
kharif rice & rabi wheat for
meteorological subdivision in those
parts of the country where these crops
were grown predominantly. It is
proposed that IMD would develop
Crop Yield Forecasting models for
major crops of the country with
greater accuracy in collaboration with
Department of Space (DOS) and
Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation (DAC).
The crop yield forecasts at
different stages of the growth period
would be issued as follows:
• First yield forecast (F0) will be
given by IEG using econometric
model before the start of crop
season (pre-planting stage).
13
• Efforts will be made by IMD to
develop yield forecast at planting
stage using agromet models.
• Mid season yield forecast (F2)
will be provided by IMD using
agromet model and crop areas
estimation will be provided by
SAC. The information will be
communicated to DAC to forecast
the crop production at national /
state/ district level.
• Pre-harvest yield forecast (F3)
will also be provided by IMD
using agromet model and crop
areas estimates will be provided
by SAC. Similar to mid-season
forecast, both these information
will be communicated to DAC for
final forecast of crops before
harvest.
10. Future Plans:
An Agro-Meteorological Field Unit
(AMFU) is proposed to be set up under
the aegis of the Joint Director, Indian
Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
for North-Eastern Hill Region, Tadong,
East Sikkim. The main functions of the
Agro-Meteorological Field Unit (AMFUs)
will be as under:
• Prepare Agro-met Advisory
bulletins at block levels.
• Monitoring and coordination of
activities of AMFUs under its
area of operation & agro-
climatic zone level review
meetings.
• Networking to expand the
outreach of AAS up to village
level. Induce information
technology and private public
partnership to expand outreach.
• Management of Agro-met
observatory network.
• Securing inputs from DAMUs to
prepare state level advisory
bulletin.
• Assessment of impact of
inclement weather on crop at
agro-climatic zone level.
• Preparation of agro-climatic zone
level agro-climatological
information.
14
• Collate crop information from
concerned agencies and provide
the same to DAMUs.
• Prepare Agro-met products for
respective districts.
• Set up Agro-met Kiosks with
appropriate network for
dissemination of advisory
bulletins.
Published by Meteorological Centre, India Meteorological
Department, Baluwakhani, Gangtok,Sikkim –
737103.