STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY · STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY l t`m¸mÂ Zpc´w \S¶p (1984). temI-¯nÂ \S¶ Gähpw `oI-camb hymh-km-bn-I-Zp-c-´w

$Page 1: STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY · STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY l t`m¸mÂ Zpc´w \S¶p (1984). temI-¯nÂ \S¶ Gähpw òI-camb hymh-km-bn-I-Zp-c-´w$
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YSTATE CENTRAL LIBRARY

STATE CENTRAL LIBRARYSTATE CENTRAL LIBRARY

STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY

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temI FbvUvkv Zn\w. C p-]Xmw \qäm-nse alm-amcn F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡ - s¸-Sp¶ tcmKw. ̂ e{]Z-amb acp¶v CXp-hsc Is-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. lyqa³ CayqtWm sshdkv (HIV) BWv tcmKm-Wp. elisa test eqsS-bmWv tcmK-\nÀW-bw. kv]Ài\-¯mtem Htc ]m{X-¯nÂ ̀ £ Ww Ign-¨mtem FbvUvkv ]I-cn-Ã. FbvUvkv _m[n- -̈hsc Hcn-¡ epw kaq-l-¯nÂ \n¶v Hä-s¸-Sp-¯-cp-Xv. FbvUvkv tcmK-¯ns\¡ pdn-¨pÅ t_m[-h-XvI-c-W-¯n-\m-bn-«mWv Cu Zn\m-N-c-Ww

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hqUn Ae³ P·-Zn\w (1935). Ata-cn-¡ ³ \S-\pw, Xnc-¡ -Ym-Ir-¯pw, Ne- n̈{X kwhn-[m-b-I\pw Fgp-¯p-Im-c-\pw.

hnP-b-e£ van ]Þnäv A´-cn¨p (1900þ1990). kzmX-{ý-k-a-c-\m-bn-I, \b-X-{´Ú. Ph-lÀemÂ s\{lp-hnsâ ktlm-Z-cn. bp.F³.-P-\-dÂ Akw-»n-bpsS BZy h\nX A[y-£ . {_n«³ sslI-½o-j-WÀ, alm-cmjv{S KhÀWÀ, Fw.]n F¶o ]Z-hn-IÄ. Cý-bnepw hntZ-i-¯p-apÅ 16 kÀh-I-em-im-e-I-fpsS HmW-ddn tUmIvS-tdäv e`n-¨p. ̀ À¯mhv cRvPnXv koXmdmw ]Þn-äv. aIÄ \b-Xmc klvKÂ.

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l t`m¸mÂ Zpc´w \S¶p (1984). temI-¯nÂ \S¶ Gähpw òI-camb hymh-km-bn-I-Zp-c-´w. bqWn-b³ ImÀss_Uv ^mIvS-dn-bnÂ \n¶pw aossYÂ sFtkm-k-b-t\äv (MIC) hmXIw tNmÀ¶v hnj-hm-XIw izkn v̈ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-t¯mfw P\§ Ä acn-¨p. Ccp-]-¯n-A-¿m-bn-c-t¯mfw P\-§ Ä Zpc-´-§ Ä Gäp-hm§ n Pohn-¡ p-¶p. \jvS-]-cn-lm-c-ambn 470 Zi-e£ w tUmfÀ (GI-tZiw 710 tImSn cq]) \evIm-\mWv kp{]ow-tIm-SXn D¯-c-hn-«-Xv.

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l ]oäÀ ImÄ tKmÄUvamÀIv P·-Zn\w (1906þ1977). Ata-cn-¡ ³ F© n-\o-bÀ. BZy IfÀ sSen-hn-j³ hmWn-Pym-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ hnI-kn-¸n-s -̈Sp-¯Xv Ct±-l-am-Wv.

temI hnI-emw-K-Zn\w

temI I¼yq-«À km£ -cXm Zn\w

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l BZys¯ lrZbw amän-h-bv¡ Â ikv{X-{Inb \S¶p (1967). Z£ n-Wm-{^n-¡ -bnse {Kq«vjqÀ Bip-]-{Xn-bnÂ tUmIvSÀ {InkvXy³ _ÀWmÀUpw 30 klm-bn-Ifpw tNÀ¶v ikv{X-{Inb \nÀh-ln- -̈Xv. A]-I-S-¯nÂ acn¨ sU\nkn UmÀhm-fnsâ lrZbw eqbnkv hjvI³kvIn-bn-te¡ v amän-h-¨p. ]t£ \yqtam-Wnb ]nSn-s]«v 18 Znh-k-¯n-\p-tijw hjvI³kvIn ac-W-a-Sª p.

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l sPbnwkv dn¶Â P·-Zn\w (1742þ1830). {_n«ojv Pntbm-{Km-^À. _wKmÄ Aävekv {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯n. Cý-bpsS IrXy-X-tbm-sS-bpÅ BZy Aävekv \nÀan-¨Xv dn¶-em-Wv. Cý³ `qan-im-kv{X-¯nsâ ]nXmhmbn Ct±lw A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

tIcf kwØm\ Ce-£ ³ I½o-j³ \ne-hnÂ h¶p (1993). Fw.F-kv.-sI. cma-kzm-an-bm-bn-cp¶p BZy I½o-j-WÀ.

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l \mhn-I-tk-\m-Zn-\w. 1612 Â kqd-änÂ tdmbÂ Cý³ t\hn cq]o-I-cn-¡ -s¸-«p. t_mws_ assd³ F¶ t]tcmsS CXv 1685 Â apwss_bn-te¡ p

amän. 1934 Â ‘Z tdmbÂ Cý³ assd³’ F¶pw kzmX-{ý-¯n-\p-tijw Cý³ t\hn F¶p-amWv Adn-b-s¸-«-Xv. kzmX-{ý-¯n-\p-ti-jhpw {_n«o-jp-Im-c³ Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p Xe-h³. 1958 Â BZy Cý³ sshkv AUvan-dÂ BÀ.Un. It«tc {]Ya Cý-¡ m-c-\mb ta[m-hn-bm-bn

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hnÃyw s_³{UnIv {]`p XVIIþmw \¼À N«-{]-Imcw kXn \nÀ¯-em¡ n (1829).

ap³cm-jv{S-]Xn sh¦«-cm-asâbpw (1910) ap³{]-[m-\-a{ń sF.sI. KpP-dm-fn-sâbpw (1919) P·-Zn-\w.

Cý-bpsS IhmSw ( Gateway of India) apwss_-bnÂ DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. (1924).

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l Ac-hntµm alÀjn 78þmw hb-ÊnÂ t]mn-t -̈cn-bnÂh v̈ kam-[n-b-Sª p (1950).

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A´m-cmjv{S k¶-²-tk-h-\-Zn-\w, kÀ¡ m-cn-Xc kwL-S-\-IÄ, sdUvt{Im-kv, kvIu«v XpS-§ nb kwL-S-\-IÄ Cu Zn\w BN-cn-¡ p-¶p. k¶²tkh-\-¯nsâ {]m[m\yw P\-§ -fn-se-¯n-¡ m³ 1985 apX-emWv sFIy-cmjv{S kwL-S\ Cu Zn\w BN-cn¨p XpS-§ n-b-Xv.

¢ nâ¬ lmÀ«v sacnbw P\n¨p (1855þ1942). Ata-cn-¡ ³ Poh-im-kv{X-Ú\pw \c-hwi imkv{X-Ú\pw. \mj-WÂ tPym{K-^n-¡ Â skmsskän Øm]n-¡ m³ Ct±l-¯nsâ kw`m-h\IÄ klm-b-I-am-bn-«pv.

\nÀan-Xm-hv. Ct±lw \nÀan¨ ‘an¡ n aukv, ‘sUm\mÄUv U¡ v’ F¶o IYm-]m-{X-§ Ä {]i-kvXw.

hmÄ«À Unkv\n P·-Zn\w (1901þ1966) A\n-ta-j³ kn\na

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l _m_m kmtl_v Awt_-ZvIÀ Nc-a-Zn\w (1893þ1956). alm-cm-jv{S-

bnse cXv\-Kncn PnÃ-bnÂ P\-\w. Ata-cn-¡ , Cw¥-v, PÀa\n F¶n-hn-S-§ -fnÂ D¶X hnZym-`ym-kw. A[ym-]-I³, A`n-`m-j-I³, `c-W-L-S-\m-inev]n. tI{µa{ń. an{i-t`mP\w, an{i-hn-hm-lw, kmap-Zm-bnI kaXzw F¶n-h-bv¡ p-thn {]hÀ¯n-¨p. Ct±-l-¯nsâ Nc-a-Zn\w ‘alm-]-cn-\nÀhm¬’ Znhkv Bbn alm-cm-jv{S-bnÂ BN-cn-¡ p¶p.

Cý-bnse BZy kap-{Zm-\-ć ]cy-th-jI kwLw bm{X ]pd-s¸«p (1981). 1982 s^{_p-hcn 9 \v kwLw AâmÀ«n-¡ -bn-se-¯n. tKmh-bnse hmkvtKm U Kma-bnÂ ØnXnsN¿p¶ NCAOR BWv bm{X Hcp-¡ n-bXv. tUm. Izmknw Bbn-cp¶p kwL-X-e-h³.

tXmakv BÂh FUn-k¬ kuv dnt¡ mÀUnMv BZy-ambn s]mXp-P-\-§ Ä¡ v ap¼msI {Kma-t^m-WnÂ {]ZÀin-¸n-¨p. \yqtP-gvkn-bnÂ \S¶ NS-§ nÂ ‘Mary had

a little lamb’ F¶mWv sdt¡ mUv sNbvX-Xv.

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l Cuizc N{µ hnZym-km-KÀ BZy hn[hm ]p\Àhn-hmlw \S-¯n. Imfn-aXn tZhnbpw kncnkv N{µ hnZym-c-Xv\bpw X½n-em-bn-cp¶p hnhm-lw. lnµp ]p\Àhn-hml BIvSv 1856 Pqsse amk-¯nÂ Im\nMv {]`p \S-¸m-¡ n-bn-cp-¶p

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kmbp[ tk\m ]Xm-I-Zn-\w. 1949 apXÂ BN-cn-¡ p-¶p. Cý-bnse {]K-Û-cmb `S-·msc A\p-kva-cn-¡ m\pw kmbp-[-tk-\-bnse k¶-²-tk-h-I-cpsS t£ as¯ ap³\nÀ¯nbpw BN-cn-¡ p-¶p.

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sslZÀ Aen Nc-a-Zn\w (1717þ1782) km[m-cW ssk\nI DtZym-K-Øsâ aI-\mbn ]nd¶v km{amPyw Øm]n¨ ̀c-Wm-[n-Im-cn. Hudw-K-tk_v ssk\y-¯nse sNdp-tk\m Xe-h-\m-bn-cp-¶p. 1749þse tZhÀlÅn bp²-t¯msS {]kn-²-\m-bn. 1750þÂ aI³ Sn¸p ]pd-¶p. XpSÀ -̈bmb B{I-a-Whpw hnP-b-§ fpw sslZ-dnsâ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-bn. Iym³kÀ _m[n-X-\m-bn-«m-bncp¶p Aýw.

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l Ne-¨n-{X-Om-bm-{Km-l-I³ kp{_-tXm-an{X A´-cn-¨p. (1930þ2001) kn\n-a-bnse {_u¬kvsseänMv XpS-§ n-bXv an{X-bm-Wv. Ombm-{K-l-W-¯n\v CuÌvam³ sImUmIv BPo-h-\m´ t\«-¯n-\pÅ AhmÀUv t\Snb Ct±lw kXy-PnXv tdbpsS ]tYÀ ]m-© men, A]-cm-Pn-tXm, A]qÀ k³kmÀ XpS§ n \nc-h[n kn\na-IÄ¡ v Iymad Nen-¸n-¨p.

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l tIma¬shÂ¯v Hm^v C³Un-s]³U³kv tÌävkv (CIS) cq]o-Ir-X-ambn (1991).

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kn. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn P\n-¨p. (1878þ1972) kzX{´ Cý-bpsS Cým-¡ m-c-\mb BZy KhÀWÀP\-dÂ. A`n-`m-j-I-\m-bn-cn-¡ p-t¼mÄ kzmX-{´-k-a-c-cw-K-s¯-¯nb Ct±-

ls¯ ‘Fsâ a\-Êm£ n kq£ n-¸p-Im-c³’ F¶mWv KmÔnPn hnti-jn-¸n -̈Xv. {_n«ojv Cý-bnse Ah-km\ KhÀWÀP\-depw 1951þÂ tI{µ B`yć-a{ńbpamb

BNmcn cmPmPn F¶ t]cnÂ Adn-b-s¸-«p. 1954 Â ̀mc-X-cXv\w e`n¨p.

Cý-bnse BZy U_nÄU-¡ À _kv apwss_-bnÂ HmSn (1937). 58 koäp-I-fmWv Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xv

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l Cý-bpsS tIm¬Ìn-äyp-hâ v Akw»n BZy-ambn tIm¬Ìn-äyq-j³ lmfnÂ tNÀ¶p (1946). H³]Xv h\nXm AwK-§ Ä DÄs¸sS 207 {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ tNÀ¶v cp hÀjhpw 11 amkhpw 17 Znh-k-hp-sa-Sp¯v ̀c-W-L-S\ X¿m-dm-¡ n. 1950 P\p-hcn 26 \v `c-W-L-S\ \ne-hnÂh¶p. ]mÀe-saâ nsâ sk³{SÂlmÄ F¶mWv tIm¬Ìn-äyq-j³ lmfnsâ C¶s¯ t]cv.

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l inh-cma Imc´v A´-cn-¨p.(1902þ1997). \mS-I-Ir-¯v, t\mh-en-Ìv, \ncq-]-I³. KmÔnPn-bpsS Blzm-\-{]-Imcw \ncm-lm-c-k-a-c-¯nÂ ]s¦ -Sp-¯p. A³]Xntesd ]pkvXI§ Ä. Úm\-]o-T-apÄs¸sS [mcmfw ]pc-kvIm-c-§ Ä e`n-¨p. tNma\ ZpUn, aqI-Ön-bpsS In\m-hp-IÄ F¶nh {]i-kvXw.

tPm¬anÂ«¬ P·-Zn\w (1608). Cw¥ojv Ihn. anÂ«sâ ]mc-ssUkv temÌv Cw¥ojv kmln-Xy-¯nse CXn-lmk Imhy-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡ p-¶p.

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l a\p-jym-h-Im-i-Zn-\w. cmw-temI alm-bp-²-¯n-\p -ti-j-amWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-s¯-¡ p-dn v̈ NÀ -̈sN-¿m³ XpS-§ n-b-Xv. A`n-{]m-b-kzm-X{ýw, aX-hn-izm-k§ Ä¡ pÅ Ah-Imiw XpS§ n FÃm-hn[ a\p-jym-h-Im-i-§ Ä¡ pw Cu Zn\w Blzm\w \ÂIp-¶p. 1948 se kmÀh-tZ-iob a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-]-\-t¯msS

{it²-bamb a\p-jym-h-Imi k¦Â¸w 20 þmw \qäm-tmsS IqSp-XÂ hnImkw {]m]n-¨p.

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l s\mt_Â k½m-\-Zn-\w. BÂ{Ûv s\mt_-ensâ hnÂ]{X {]Imcw s\mt_Â ̂ ut-j-\mWv AhmÀUv GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xv. DuÀP-X-{´w, ck-X-{´w, sshZyw, kmln-Xyw, kam-[m-\w, km¼-¯nIw F¶o taJ-e-I-fnÂ AhmÀUv \ÂIp-¶p. BÂ{Ûv s\mt_-ensâ Nc-a-hmÀjnIw IqSn-bmWv Cu Zn\w. (1833þ1896)

alm-cm-jv{S-bnÂ sImbv\ ̀ qI¼w \S¶p (1967). 103 aoäÀ Db-c-apÅ tIm¬{Ioäv {Kmhnän AW-s¡ «v XIÀ¶p. Ccp-¶qtdmfw ac-Ww. 6.5 hym]vXn-bpÅ ̀qI-¼-amWv \S-¶-Xv.

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l temI ]Àh-X-Zn-\w.

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l kwØm\ a\p -jym -h -Imi I½o-j³ \ne-hnÂ h¶p (1998).

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UÂlnsb Cý-bpsS Xe-Øm-\-ambn Cw¥-nse cmPmhv tPmÀPv A© m-a³ {]Jym-]n-¨p (1911).

kp{_-Ò-Wy-`m-cXn P\n-¨p (1882þ1921). hnJymX Xan-gvIhn. sNdp¸w apXÂ Imhy-c-N\ XpS-§ n. ]Xn-s\m¶mw hb-ÊnÂ Imhy-an-Ihv sXfn-bn- -̈Xn-\mÂ `mcXn ]Zhn e`n-¨p. cmPy-k-`-bnÂ BØm\ hnZzm³. Cý F¶ hmcn-I-bn-eqsS {_n«ojv Kh¬saâns\ hnaÀin-¨p. ]m© men i]-Yw, ̀mc-Xnþ66, P·-`q-an, I®³ ]m«p-IÄ F¶nh apJy-Ir-Xn-IÄ

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l apÂ¡ v cmPv B\µv P\n¨p (1905þ2004). Ct´m-þ-Bw-¥n -b³ t\mh-en -Ìv. amÀKv ]pkvXIimebpw amkn-Ibpw Bcw-`n-¨p. efn-X-Iem A¡ m-Zan sNbÀam-\m-bncp¶p. ]ß-`q-j¬, kmln-Xy-A-¡ m-Zan AhmÀUv F¶nh e`n-¨p.

l KpkvXmhv ^vtfmt_À P\n¨p (1821þ1880). {^© v t\mh-en-Ìv, ‘aZmw t_mhdn’ ̂ vfmt_-dnsâ {]ikvX t\mh-em-Wv.

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Hm¸-td-j³ ]cm-{Iw (2001). Cý³ ]mÀe-saâ v B{I-an -¨-Xn -s\-¯p-SÀ¶v Cý³ ssk\ y w AX nÀ¯n -b nÂ \S -¯ nb ssk\nI\o¡ w.

sI\nb kzmX{ýw t\Sn (1963). sPmta sI\nbm« BZy {][m-\-a-{ń-bm-bn. ASp¯hÀjw cmPyw dn¸-»n-¡ m-b-t¸mÄ sI\n-bm« {]Ya {]kn-Uâm-bn.

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l temI Zpc´\nhm-cW Zn\w.

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l shÀWÀ thm¬ koa¬kv P·-Zn\w (1816þ1892). PÀa³ Ce-I v {S n -¡ Â F© n\obÀ. sSe-{Km^v hyh-km-b-cw-K¯v

hn¹-h-I-c-amb amä-¯n\v koa¬kv kml-N-cy-sam-cp-¡ n. saUn-ä-td-\n-b\v Ipdp-sIbpw bqtdm-¸nÂ \n¶v Cý-bn-te¡ pw tI_nÄ Øm]n-¨Xv koa¬km-Wv.

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e-\nse sat{Sm t]mfn-ä³ sdbnÂth temI-¯n-em-Zy-ambn sshZypX s{Sbn³ KXm-KXw Bcw-`n-¨p (1904).

\nt¡ mtfm t^mâm\ SmÀSm-Kvenb A´-cn¨p (1499þ1557). Cäm-en-b³ KWn-X-im-kv{X-Ú³. _men-ÌvIvkv imkv{Xw (apt¶m«p XÅp-¶-Xn-s\-¡ p-dn-¨pÅ imkv{Xw) Is-¯n-bXv SmÀSmKvenb-bm-Wv. sh\o-knÂ h¨m-bn-cp¶p Aýw.

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l tZiob DuÀP kwc-£ -W-Zn-\w. hnhn-[-ta-J-e-I-fnÂ \n¶pw e`n-¡ p¶ DuÀPs¯ kwc-£ n-¨p-\nÀ¯n hcpw-X-e-ap-dbv¡ v ssIam-d-Ww. AXn-\mbn Cu Zn\w Blzm\w \ÂIp-¶p.

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l t\mkv{S-Um-akv P·-Zn\w (1503þ1566). bYmÀY t]cv ssa¡ Â tZ t\mkv{S-Umw. t\mkv{S-Um-ansâ {]h-N-\-§ Ä {]i-kvXw.

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BZy-K-W-¯nse amcp-Xn-ImÀ hn]-Wn-bn-se¯n (1983). \yqUÂln-bv¡ -Sp¯ KpÀKm-hn-emWv ̂ mIvSdn ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv.

iymw s_\-KÂ P·-Zn\w (1934). \h Cý³ kn\n-a-bpsS ià-\mb kwhn[mbI {]Xn-`. B¦pÀ, \njm-´v, amt½m, sabv¡ nMv Hm^v almß XpS§ n \nc-h[n kn\n-a-IÄ.

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l sl³dn _oIz-dÂ P·-Zn\w (1852þ1908) tdUntbm BIvSn-hnän Ip-]n-Sn-¨Xv Cu {^© v DuÀP-X-{´-Ú-\m-Wv.

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\otdm N{I-hÀ¯n P·-Zn\w (G.Un. 37-þ68). A© m-as¯ tdma³ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn (G.Un. 54þ68). tdmw I¯n-sb-cn-bp-t¼mÄ \njv{In-b-\mbn {]hÀ¯n- -̈Xn-\mÂ ]cs¡ Bt£ -]n-¡ -s¸-

«p. \njv{In-b-Xzs¯ {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡ p-t¼mÄ ‘\otdm N{I-hÀ¯n-sb-t¸mse’ F¶v ]nÂ¡ m-e¯v {]tbmKw Xs¶ \ne-hnÂ h¶p

kÀZmÀ hÃ -`m -b n -] - t«Â Nc -a - Z n -\w. (1875þ1950). Cý-bnse Dcp-¡ p-a-\p-jy³ F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. A`n-`m-j-I³, kzmX{ý ka-c-tk-\m-\n, D]-{]-[m-\-a{ń F¶n§ s\ Xnf-¡ -amÀ¶ tkh-\w. ac-Wm-\-ćw `mc-X-cXv\w e`n-¨p. Adp-\q-tdmfw \m«pcmPy-§ sf Cý³ bqWn-b-\nÂ ebn-¸n-¨Xv ]t«-em-Wv.

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l sPbv³ HmÌ³ P·-Zn\w (1775þ1817). Cw¥ojv Fgp-¯p-Im-c³. HmÌsâ sk³kv Bâv sk³kn-_n -enän ss{]Uv Bâ v {]Pp-Uokv F¶nh hfsctbsd NÀ¨sN¿-s¸« ]pkvX-I-§ -fm-Wv.

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epUvhnKv thm¬ _otYm-h³ P·Zn\w (1770þ1827). PÀa³ It¼m-kÀ. _otYm-hsâ knw^Wn temI-{]-i-kvXw. temIs¯ F¡ m-e-s¯bpw anI¨ It¼m-k-dmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡ -s¸-Sp-¶p

Ae-Ivkm-À KpkvXmhv Cu^Â P\n-¨p (1832þ1923). {^© v knhnÂ F© n-\o-bÀ. {]ikvXamb Cu^Â Shdn\v \ÂIn-bXv Ct±-l-¯nsâ t]cm-Wv.

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l ]n.kn.-a-lmemt\m_nkv sImÂ¡ -¯-bnÂ Cý³ Ìmän-Ìn-¡ Â C³Ìn-äyq«v Øm]n¨p (1931).

l sXt¡ Ata-cn-¡ -bnse ]«m-f-¡ m-c\pw ̀ c-Wm-[n-]-\p-am-bn-cp-¶ sska¬ t_mfn-hÀ sImfw-_n-b-bnÂ h v̈ ac-W-a-Sª p (1830).

l

BZy-hn-am-\-bm{X \S¶p (1903). ssdäv ktlm-Z-c-·m-cmWv Ah-cpsS ̂ vsfbÀ hnam-\-¯nÂ ]d-¶-Xv. ssham-\n-I-cw-K¯v \nc-h[n Ip-]n-Sp-¯-§ Ä¡ v Imc-W-am-bXv ssdäv ktlm-Z-c-·m-cm-Wv.

apl-½Zv Ak-dp-±o³ 62 t_mfnÂ 100 d¬kv kvtImÀ sNbvXp (1988). _tdm-U-bnÂ h¨p-\-S¶ \yqkn-eâp-am-bpÅ GI-Zn\ A´m-cmjv{S aÕ-c-¯n-emWv Cu sdt¡ mÀUv.

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l \yq\-]£ Ah-Im-i-Zn\w.

l

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l A´m-cmjv{S IpSn-tbä Zn\w.

l

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l ]men-b-¯-Ñ\pw thep-¯-¼n-bpsS cp-t -Zym-K-Øcpw \bn¨ 600 AwK ssk\yw dkn-Uâv sa¡ mf {]`p-hnsâ sIm n̈ hkXn B{I-an¨p (1808).

sP.sP.-tXmw-k¬ P\n¨p (1856þ1940). ]qÀWamb t]cv tPmk^v tPm¬ tXmwk¬. Ce-Ivt{Sm¬ Ip-]n-Sn-¨p (1897). sshZyp-X-NmÀPpÅ IW-§ -fpsS Hcp {]hm-l-amWv ImtYmUv civan-sb¶p Is-¯n. 1906þÂ DuÀP-X{´ s\mt_Â

apwss_ sk³{SÂ sdbnÂth tÌj³ apwss_ KhÀWÀ kÀ s{Û-dnIv sskIvkv s]mXpP-\ -§ Ä¡ mbn Xpd-¶p -sIm-Sp¯p (1930)

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l sPbnwkv Ima-dq-Wnsâ ‘ssSäm-\nIv’ kn\na dneokv sNbvXp (1997). temI¯v DbÀ¶ [\-em-`-ap-m-¡ nb kn\n-a-I-fn-sem-¶m-Wn-Xv.

l dn¨mÀUv eot¡ P\n¨p (1944). sI\n-b³ \c-hwi imkv{X-Ú³. a\p-jysâ ]qÀhn-Isc¡ pdn-¨pÅ kqN\ B{^n-¡ -bnÂ \S¯nb t^mknÂ Kth-j-W-¯nÂ Is-¯n-bXv eot¡ -bm-Wv.

tKmh en_-td-j³ Zn\w. ae-bm-fn-bmb taPÀ P\-dÂ sI.]n.-Im-s-¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ tKmh hntam-N\ t]mcm«w XpS§ n (1961). 40 aWn-¡ q-dn-\p-ÅnÂ tKmhsb tamNn-¸n-¨p. KhÀWÀ P\-dÂ am\p-hÂ Atâm-Wntbm hmktem UnknÂh Iog-S-§ Â tcJ H¸p-h-¨p. hntam-NnX tKmh-bpsS {]Ya anen-ädn KhÀWÀ P\-dÂ Ims¯v Bbn-cp-¶p.

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l am\h sFIy-Zn-\w. am\-h-cm-in-bpsS \·-bv¡ mbn sFIyw kq£ n-¡ -W-sa¶v Cu Zn\w Blzm\w sN¿p-¶p.

l \«v hnIvskÂ P·-Zn\w (1851þ1926). kzoUnjv km¼-¯nI imkv{X-Ú³. At±-l-¯nsâ ‘tamWnädn Xnbdn’ A´mcm-jv{S-X-e-¯nÂ JymXn t\Sn-b-Xm-Wv.

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tXmakv {Klmw P\n¨p (1805þ1869). {_n«ojv imkv{X-Ú³. sImtfmbvUv ck-X-{´-¯nsâ ]nXmhv F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

Dam-i-¦À tPmjn Nc-a-Zn\w (1911þ1988). KpP-dm¯nÂ P\-\w. Ihn-X, \mS-Iw, sNdp-I-Y, t\mhÂ XpS§ n hnhn[ Xe-§ -fnÂ {KÙ-c-N\ \S-¯n. 1967þÂ Úm\-]oT ]pc-kv¡ mcw e`n-¨p. 1973þÂ kmlnXy A¡ m-Zan ]pc-kv¡ m-cw. imń-\n-tI-X³ hniz-`m-cXn kÀh-I-em-ime sshkv Nm³k-edpw kmlnXy A¡ m-Zan A[y-£ -\p-am-bn-cp-¶p.

‘hmkpIn’ F¶ XqenIm\m-a-¯n-em-bn-cp¶p cN-\

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l hmÄSv Unkv\n-bpsS ‘kvt\msshäv Bâv Z

skh³ tUzmÀ^v’ F¶ apgp-\of ImÀ«q¬ kwkm-c-Nn{Xw temkv B© ÂknÂ {]ZÀin-¸n¨p (1937).

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BZy ]Z-{]iv\w {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨p (1913). \yqtbmÀ¡ v thÄUv ]{X-¯nsâ hmcm-ý-¸-Xn-¸n-emWv ]{Xm-[n-]-cmb BÀXÀ hn³ ]Z-{]iv\w Bcw-`n- -̈Xv. Fs´-¦ nepw ]pXnb Xami ]cn-]mSn XpS-§ m-\pÅ DZy-a-am-Wn-Xn\v hgn sXfn-bn- -̈Xv. GItZiw ]¯p-hÀj-t¯mfw \yqtbmÀ¡ v thÄUnÂ am{X-am-bn-cp¶p ]Z-{]iv\w Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xv.

{^m³kokv tXmakv t_¡ ¬ P\n¨p (1904þ1992). {_n«ojv F© n-\o-bÀ. {]hÀ¯-\-]-c-amb BZy ssl{U-P³þHm-Ivkn-P³ CÔ\ Ad hnI-kn-¸n-s -̈Sp-¯Xv t_¡ -Wm-Wv.

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l imń-\n-tI-X-\nÂ hniz-`m-cXn kÀh-I-em-im-e-bv¡ v Xd-¡ -Ãn«p (1918). aq¶p-hÀj-¯n-\p-tijw 1921þÂ CtX Zn\w Nm³k-eÀ {_tP-{µ-\mYvkoÂ kÀh-I-em-ime DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. .

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l {io\n-hmk cmam-\p-P³ P\n¨p (1887þ1920). B[p-\nI Cý I Gähpw henb KWn-X-im-

kv{X-Ú³. kvIqfnÂ ]Tn-¡ p-t¼mÄ DbÀ¶ ¢mÊp-I-fnse Ip«n-I-fpsS kwibw XoÀ¯p-sIm-Sp-¯p. kwJy-I-fpsS Ifn-¡ q-«p-Im-c-\mb cmam-\p-Psâ KWn-X-an-Ihv {]Xn-`m-hn-emkw sImp am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. 1918þÂ tdmbÂ skmsskän s^tem-jn¸v e`n-¨p. cmam-\p-Psâ HmÀa-bv¡ mbn sNss¶-bnÂ cmam-\p-P³ C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v am¯-am-änIvkv Øm]n- n̈-«p-v.

sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\m³ Nc-a-Zn\w (1911þ 1985). ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse kw{I-a-]p-cp-j³ F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡ -s¸-Sp¶ Ihn. am¼-gw, klysâ aI³, I¶ns¡ m-bv¯v, aI-c-s¡ m-bv¯v, {iotcJ DÄs¸sS [mcmfw Imhy-k-am-lm-c-§ Ä.

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l Inkm³ Znh-kv. Cý-bpsS ap³{]-[m-\-a-{ń-bmb Nu[cn Nc¬kn-Mnsâ P·-Zn\w {]am-Wn-¨mWv Zn\m-N-c-Ww.

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l CS-tÈcn tKmhn-µ³\m-bÀ P\n¨p (1906þ1974). iànbpsS Ihn F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡ -s¸-Sp-¶p. Af-

Im-]p-cn, Idp¯ sN«n- n̈-IÄ, ]p¯³I-ehpw Acn-hmfpw ]qc-¸m-«pw, CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS Ihn-X-IÄ XpS§ n [mcmfw

]pkvX-I-§ Ä. ae-bmf Ihn-Xsb ‘ImÂ¸-\n-I-X-bnÂ \n¶v c£ -s¸-Sp-¯n bYmÀY temI-s¯-¯n-¨p’ F¶ hnti-jWw {]i-kvX-am-Wv.

sI.I-cp-Wm-I-c³ Nc-a-Zn\w (1918þ2010). apJy-a-{ń, Fw.]n., tI{µ-a-{ń, sI.]n.-kn.-kn. {]kn-Uâv F¶o ]Z-hn-IÄ hln-¨p.

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l Fd-Wm-Ipfw sImÃw aoäÀ tKPv sdbnÂ¸mX \nÀamWw {][m-\-a{ń Ph-lÀemÂ s\lvdp DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp (1952).

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cmPvI-]qÀ P·-Zn\w (1924þ1988). {]ikvX lnµn Ne n̈{X \S³. ]rYn-cmPv I]q-dn-sâbpw cam-tZ-hn-bp-sSbpw ]p{X³. 1952þÂ ]pd¯n-d-

§ nb ‘Bhmcm’ F¶ kn\n-a-bnÂ cmPp F¶ IYm-]m-{X-¯n-eqsS t{]£ -I-a-\-ÊnÂ \nXy hnkva-b-Øm\w t\Sn. tacm\mw tPm¡ À, _q«v t]mfn-jv, {io 420, kwKw XpS§ n [mcmfw kn\n-a-I-fnÂ A`n-\-bn-¨p.

Cý-bnse BZys¯ Aayq-kvsaâv ]mÀ¡ mb

‘FÊÂ thÄUv’ apwss_-bnÂ Xpd¶p (1989).

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l kÀ. sFkIv \yq«¬ P\n-¨p (1643þ1727). ck-X-{´-Ú-\p-w KWn-X-Im-c-\pw. Kpcp-Xzm-IÀj-W-_ew Ip-]n-Sn-¨p. ImÂ¡ p-ekv Ip-]n-Sn-¨Xv \yq«-Wm-Wv. Ne-\-s¯-¸-än-bpÅ aq¶p-\n-b-a-§ Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨p.

l ]Þnäv aZ³ taml³ amfhy P·-Zn\w (1861þ1946). kzmX-{ý-k-a-c-tk-\m-\n. _\m-dkv lnµp kÀh-I-em-ime Øm]n-X-am-Ip-¶-XnÂ ]¦p-h-ln-¨p.

NmÀfn-Nm-¹n³ Nc-a-Zn\w (1889þ1975). Ata-cn-¡ ³ Ne- n̈{X \S-\pw, kwhn-[m-b-I-\pw. Z {Smw]v F¶ kn\n-a-bn-eqsS {]i-kvX³. tIma-Unsb ]pXnb Xe-¯n-te-¡ p-bÀ¯n. tamtU¬ ssSwkv, knän sseävkv, t{Käv UnIvtSäÀ, Z InUv XpS§ n A\-h[n kn\n-a-IÄ

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l apKÄ km{amPy Øm]-I³ _m_À Nc-a-Zn\w (1483þ1530). B{K-bnÂ h¨m-bn-cp¶p Aýw.

l amthm tk XpMv P\n¨p (1893þ1976). ssN\-bnÂ Iayq-WnÌv hn¹hw \S-¯n. BZy Iayq-WnÌv eoUÀ.

NmÄkv _t_Pv P\n¨p (1792þ1871). Iw]yq-«-dnsâ BZy cq]w Bhn-jv¡ -cn¨ imkv{X-Ú³. tPymXn-im-kv{X-Ú-\mb tPm¬ slÀkvI-ep-ambn tNÀ¶v KWnX kn²m-´-§ Ä Bhn-jv¡ -cn-¨p. \yq«sâ ImÂ¡ p-e-knÂ BIr-jvS-\mb _t_Pv X\nsb IW-¡ p-¡ q-«p¶ b{´w Ip-]n-Sn-¡ m³ {ian-¨p. XpSÀ¶v Ip-]n-Sn¨ A\-e-än-¡ Â F© n³ BWv Iw]yq-«-dnsâ BZy cq]w.

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l angvkm-Km-en_v P·-Zn\w (1797þ1869). DÀZpþ-t]Àjy³ alm-I-hn. C¶pw {]nb-¦ -c-am-bn-Xp-S-cp¶ Kk-ep-I-fpsS cN-bn-Xm-hv. {]nb-apÅXnt\mSv kwh-Zn-¡ pI F¶ÀY-apÅ Kk-ens\ {]nb-s¸-«-Xmb Fń-t\mSpw kmaq-lnI {]iv\-§ -fn-te¡ pw ka-\z-bn-¸n-¡ m-sa¶v sXfn-bn¨ Kmen-_v, ]ó-cm-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw Cuc-Sn-IÄ Fgp-Xn.

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eqbn ]mkvNÀ P\n¨p (1822þ1895). ssat{Im _tbm-fPn F¶ imkv{X-im-J-bpsS Øm]-I³. ck-X{´ A[ym-]-I-\mbtXmsS kq£ va-Po-hn-I-sf-¡ p-dn-¨pÅ ]T\w XpS-§ n. ]mev, hoª v apX-em-bh ]pfn¸n¡ p¶-XnÂ kq£ va-Po-hn-I-fpsS ]¦ v Is-¯n. ]mÂ tISm-hmsX kq£ n-¡ m-\pÅ ]mkvNssd-tk-j³ F¶ hnZy Ip-]n-Sn-¨p. B{´m-Ivkn\pw t]¸«n hnj-¯n-\p-sa-Xn-sc-bpÅ Ip¯n-hbv¸v Ip-]n-Sn¨p.

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l {^m¦ v hneyw tSmÊnKv P\n¨p (1859þ1940). Ata-cn-¡ ³ km¼-¯nI imkv{X-Ú³. Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-nÂ hnJym-X-amb hnÂ]\ kn²m´w Bhn-jvI-cn-¨Xv tSmÊn-Km-Wv.

Cý³ \mj-WÂ tIm¬{Kkv Øm]n-X-ambn (1885). F.H.-lyqw, hneyw shÍÀt_¬ F¶n-h-cpsS t{]mÕm-l-\-t¯m-sS-bmWv cq]o-I-c-Ww. U»yp.-kn.-_m\ÀPnbpsS A[y-£ -X-bnÂ {]Y-a-k-t½-f\w apwss_-bnÂ \Sp¶p. ae-bm-fn-bmb _mcn-ÌÀ Pn.]-c-ta-iz-c³ ]nÅ-b-S¡ w 72 {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ ]s¦ -Sp-¯p. tNäqÀ i¦c³\mb-cmWv ae-bm-fn-bmb BZy tIm¬{Kkv {]kn-Uâv.

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l

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l A´ÀtZ-iob ssPh sshhn-[y-Zn-\w. ̀ qan-bpsS \ne-\nÂ¸n\v ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-§ Ä \ne-\nÂ¡ -W-sa¶v Zn\w {]Xym-in-¡ p-¶p.

l BÀ v̈ _nj¸v tXmakv _o¡ äv ImâÀ_dn I{¯o-{U-enÂ h v̈ h[n-¡ -s¸«p (1170). Cw¥-nsâ Nm³k-edpw (1155þ1162) ImâÀ_dnbnse BÀ v̈ _nj-¸p-am-bn-cp¶ (116þ1170) _o¡ äv slân cm-a³ cmPm-hp-ambn ZoÀL-Im-e-ap-mb hg-¡ hkm\n- -̈Xv. ac-W-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv.

Bs{µ XÀt¡ m-hvkIn P\n¨p (1932þ1986). B[p-\n-I-Im-es¯ kn\n-a-Isf sam¯w amän adn-¡ p¶ AÀY-X-e -§ Ä tjmÀSv , kzoIz³kv, UntkmÄhv F¶n-h-bn-eqsS \ÂIn. sFhm³kv ssNÂUv lpUv, Bs{µ dpt»-hv, andÀ, t\mÄÌm-Pn-b, km{In-ss^kv DÄs¸sS XÀt¡ m-hvkvIn-bpsS ]¯p Nn{X-§ fpw {]i-kvX-am-Wv. kn\nam hnZymÀYn-

Ifpw XÂ¸ccpw XoÀ -̈bmbpw hmbn- n̈-cn-t¡ hbmWv kvIÄ]vänMv C³ ssSw, ssSw hnXn³ ssSw F¶o At±-l-¯nsâ ]pkvX-I-§ Ä

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l hn{Iw kmcm-`mbn A´-cn¨p (1919þ1971). {]ikvX ̀ mc-Xob imkv{X-Ú³. _ln-cm-Imi bp²-¯n-te¡ v Cýsb \bn-¡ p-¶-XnÂ apJy-]-¦ v. Ct¸m-gs¯ hn{Iw-km-cm-`mbv kvt]kv dnkÀ v̈ skâÀ Øm]n-X-am-Ip-¶Xv Ct±-l-¯nsâ Ime-¯m-Wv. Xp¼ tdm¡ äv hnt£ -]W tI{µw, _ln-cm-Imi imkv{X kmt¦ -XnI tI{µw F¶n-h-bpsS inÂ¸n. ̀mcy \À¯-In-bmb arWm-f\n kmcm-`mbv.

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l AJn-teý apÉow-eoKv cq]o-Ir-X-ambn (1906). apÉo-§ -fpsS kpc-£ n-X-Xzhpw Ah-Im-ihpw kwc-£ n-¡ -emWv Dt±-iyw. \hm_v keo-apÅ Jm\m-bn-cp¶p {]Ya {]kn-Uâv.

k±mw lpssk³ h[n-¡ -s¸«p (1937þ2006). Cdm¡ v {]kn-Uâpw {][m-\-a-{ń-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p. KÄ^v bp²hpw Cdm³þC-dm¡ v bp²hpw XpSÀ¶p-mb Ata-cn-¡ ³ CS-s]-S-ep-amWv ac-W-¯n-te¡ p \bn- -̈Xv.

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l aÃn-ImÀPp³ a³kqÀ P·-Zn\w (1910þ1992). lnµp-Øm\n kwKo-X-Ú³. IÀWm-S-I-bnse a³kqÀ {Kma-¯nÂ P\-\w. hniz-Kp-Wm-ZÀi F¶ I¼\n Kmb-I-\m-bn -cp-¶p. DkvXmZv am³Pn-Jmsâbpw _qÀPn-bm-Jm-sâbpw injy³. ip²-cm-K-§ sf ¢mkn-¡ Â cq]-¯nÂ km£ m-XvI-cn-¨p.

l KmÔn-Pn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ tIm¬{Kkv AwK-§ Ä AÀ[-cm-{Xn-bnÂ emtlm-dnÂ kt½-fn v̈ kzcmP v (]qÀW-amb kzmX - {ý w ) {]Xn -ÚsbSp¯p (1929).

Xp© ³ Zn\w. ae-b- m-f-`m-j-bpsS ]nXm-hmb Fgp-¯-Ñsâ kvacW \ne-\nÀ¯m³ sImm-Sp-¶p. Cu amkw 29, 30, 31 Xob-Xn-I-fnÂ FÃm-hÀjhpw XncqÀ Xp© ³ ]d-¼nÂ BtLm-j-§ Ä \S-¡ p-¶p.

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STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY · STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY STATE CENTRAL LIBRARY l t`m¸mÂ Zpc´w \S¶p (1984). temI-¯nÂ \S¶ Gähpw `oI-camb hymh-km-bn-I-Zp-c-´w