Statistical Annex for the SG Report on IPoA (2020)unohrlls.org/custom-content/uploads/2020/05/Statistical-Annex-for-th… · Table A7A Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development

Report of the Secretary-General on the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade

2011-2020

Statistical Annex (English)

Table Number Content IndicatorsTable A1A Economic Growth and Poverty: Economic Growth Annual Real Growth of Gross Domestic Product

Table A1B Economic Growth and Poverty: Poverty Aggregated Poverty Estimates

Table A1C Economic Growth and Poverty: Population Total Population

Table A2A Productive Capacity: Economic Sectors, Value Added Value added manufacturing; Value added agriculture, forestry and fishing; Value added services; Gross Capital Formation

Table A2B Productive Capacity: Internet and Mobile Cellular Subscriptions Individuals using the Internet; Mobile Cellular Subscriptions

Table A2C Productive Capacity: Connectivity Air Transport, Freight; Air Transport, Passengers carried; Liner Ship Connectivity Index; Container port traffic

Table A2D Productive Capacity: Energy Total Access to Electricity; Urban Access to Electricity; Rural Access to Electricity

Table A2E Productive Capacity: Science, Technology and Innovation Scientific Articles; Residential Patent Applications; Total Patent Applications (Residents, Non-Residents)

Table A3A Agriculture: Nutrition For children <5 years: Severe wasting, Wasting, Stunting, Underweight

Table A3B Agriculture: Agricultural Productivity Gross per Capita Production Index Number

Table A3C Agriculture: Fertilizer Consumption Fertilizer Consumption

Table A4A Trade and Commodities: Percentage of Exports in World's Total Exports Percentage of Exports in World's Total Exports

Table A4B Trade and Commodities: Exports of Primary Commodities, Precious Stones and Non-Monetary Gold Exports of Primary Commodities, Precious Stones and Non-Monetary Gold as a Percentage of Total for all Products

Table A4C Trade and Commodities: Exports Exports of Total Products

Table A4D Trade and Commodities: Annual Average Growth Rate of Exports Annual Average Growth Rate of Exports

Table A4E Trade and Commodities: Concentration Index - Exports Concentration Index - Exports

Table A5AHuman and Social Development: Education and Training

Net Enrollment in primary education, Pupil/Teacher Ratio in Primary Education, Gross Enrollment Secondary Education,

Pupil/Teacher Ratio in Secondary Education

Table A5B Human and Social Development: Population and Primary Health Mortality Rate Under Five; Infant Mortality Rate; Maternal Mortality Rate; Contraceptive Prevalence; HIV Prevalence

Table A5C Human and Social Development: Youth Development Youth Literacy Rate; Female Youth Literacy Rate; Gross Enrollment in Tertiary Education

Table A5D Human and Social Development: Water and Sanitation People using at least basic drinking water services

Table A5E Human and Social Development: Shelter Population Living in Slums as a Percentage of the Urban Population

Table A5FHuman and Social Development: Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women

Percentage of Parlimentary Seats held by Women; Percentage of Female Students in Primary Education; Percentage of Female

Students in Secondary Education; Percentage of Female Students in Tertiary Education

Table A6A Multiple Crises and Other Emerging Challenges: Deforestation Forest Area

Table A6B Multiple Crises and Other Emerging Challenges: Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability Natural Hazards Incidences

Table A6C Multiple Crises and Other Emerging Challenges: Selected Exogenous Shocks since 2018 Selected Exogenous Shocks since 2018

Table A7A Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building: Domestic Resource Mobilization Tax Revenue;Gross Domestic Savings

Table A7B Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building: Development Cooperation - Aid from DAC Countries to the LDCs Net Disbursements

Table A7C Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building: External Debt and Debt Servicing External Debt; Total Debt Service

Table A7D Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building: Foreign Direct Investment FDI Inflows

Table A7E Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building: Remittances Migrant Remittance Inflows

Table A8A Good Governance at all Levels: Signatories of the United Nations Convention against Corruption Status of Adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption

Table A8B Good Governance at all Levels: Doing Business Ranking and Indices Ease of Doing Business Index; Trading Across Borders Index; Starting a Business Index; Enforcing Contract Index

Data:

Explanatory notes for tables:

2. Figures may not add to totals, owing to rounding.3. Numbers in millions are reported at no decimal places, unless rounding leads to zero, in which case two decimal places are used.

The tables contained in the present annex were largely compiled from official, published international sources by the United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States. The published sources are cited with each table. Since national data sources have improved, international estimates were rarely used, except to adjust national data for comparability. Where sources made retrospective adjustments to data, the newer data were incorporated in the tables. As a result, some of the data may differ from those published in previous years.

Where shown, totals and averages for the least developed countries and developing regions are weighted by absolute numbers of population or economic variables used in the denominator. Whenever a weight is used, there will be a remark in the footnote.

1. Years separated by a hyphen (such as 2011-2018) indicate data based on averages in the period shown, unless otherwise indicated in the notes to the tables. Years separated by a slash (such as 2011/2013) indicate that data are shown for the latest year available in the period.

Economic Growth

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019eAfricaAngola 3.47 8.54 4.95 4.82 0.94 -2.58 -2.50 -1.70 -1.50Benin 2.96 4.64 6.88 6.54 6.50 5.00 5.83 6.54 6.80Burkina Faso 6.63 6.45 5.79 4.33 3.89 5.92 6.32 6.03 6.00Burundi 4.04 4.42 4.90 4.24 -0.41 2.84 0.00 0.15 1.80Central African Republic 4.19 5.05 -36.39 0.08 4.34 4.75 4.53 3.79 4.60Chad -14.89 8.22 3.17 2.61 3.88 -2.62 -1.91 3.09 3.80Comoros 5.89 6.31 8.93 3.90 1.99 4.12 3.42 2.76 2.47Congo, Dem. Rep. 6.87 7.09 8.48 9.47 6.92 2.40 3.70 5.78 4.80Djibouti 4.50 4.80 5.00 8.92 9.68 8.72 4.09 6.70 6.84Eritrea 8.68 7.03 4.65 2.87 2.59 1.85 5.01 4.19 4.80Ethiopia 10.85 9.62 10.42 10.33 8.96 8.53 8.15 6.80 7.30Gambia, The -8.13 5.24 2.87 -1.41 4.06 1.94 4.82 6.55 5.70Guinea 5.61 5.92 3.93 3.71 3.81 10.45 8.25 5.79 6.10Guinea-Bissau 8.08 -1.71 3.26 0.96 6.13 6.26 5.92 3.80 4.90Lesotho 6.90 6.00 1.84 3.12 1.65 3.57 0.14 1.47 2.00Liberia 8.19 11.28 4.60 5.21 9.30 -0.49 2.45 1.25 0.40Madagascar 1.58 3.01 2.30 3.34 3.13 3.99 3.93 5.20 5.20Malawi 4.85 -0.60 6.26 6.21 3.28 2.68 5.22 4.01 4.20Mali 7.75 11.22 7.01 7.79 7.61 8.75 6.94 6.68 5.20Mauritania 4.70 5.80 6.10 5.60 0.90 1.70 3.46 3.01 4.20Mozambique 7.12 7.20 7.14 7.44 6.59 3.76 3.74 3.30 1.50Niger 2.28 11.85 5.27 7.53 4.34 4.93 4.89 5.17 6.10Rwanda 8.03 8.64 4.66 7.62 8.87 5.98 6.10 8.62 7.40Sao Tome and Principe 4.39 3.14 4.82 6.51 3.86 4.18 3.88 3.00 3.00Senegal 1.76 4.01 3.86 4.08 6.37 6.23 6.67 6.16 6.70Sierra Leone 6.32 15.18 20.72 4.56 -20.49 6.34 3.77 4.62 5.00Somalia 2.60 2.60 2.60 3.70 2.70 4.85 2.30 3.10 3.50South-Sudan 0.10 -49.83 29.93 21.71 3.44 0.33 -0.69 -1.19 7.78Sudan 4.05 -1.25 -0.02 2.71 3.10 3.25 3.35 -2.50 -1.50Tanzania, United Republic of 7.90 5.14 6.78 6.73 6.16 6.87 6.77 6.95 5.80Togo 6.40 6.54 6.11 5.92 5.74 5.56 4.40 4.75 5.10Uganda 5.87 3.23 4.72 4.55 5.69 2.58 5.00 8.86 6.20Zambia 5.56 7.60 5.06 4.69 2.92 3.76 3.52 3.48 1.50Average, Africa 4.60 3.90 5.52 5.96 4.21 3.24 3.49 3.38 3.48Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 7.50 10.46 7.39 3.79 -0.74 2.35 2.73 2.50 3.21Bangladesh 6.49 6.26 6.04 6.31 6.84 7.20 7.58 7.93 8.29Bhutan 7.89 5.07 2.14 6.56 6.64 8.02 4.63 5.28 6.02Cambodia 7.07 7.26 7.48 7.07 7.04 6.88 7.01 7.68 7.10Kiribati 1.62 4.79 4.06 -0.49 10.29 1.33 3.07 2.13 2.20Lao People's Dem. Rep. 8.04 7.90 8.03 7.61 7.27 7.02 6.89 6.30 6.20Myanmar 6.65 6.91 8.17 8.09 7.23 6.15 6.61 6.90 6.70Nepal 4.06 4.47 5.00 4.73 1.96 3.67 7.56 6.22 6.43Solomon Islands 6.40 2.65 3.02 2.25 2.54 3.46 3.53 3.39 2.96Timor-Leste 11.83 4.96 -11.00 -26.05 20.88 0.82 -8.00 0.80 4.50Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 1.22 1.76 1.97 2.30 0.16 3.47 3.48 3.20 3.60Yemen -15.09 2.19 3.59 -10.61 -30.28 -14.84 -5.94 -2.70 1.20Average, Asia and the Pacific 3.92 6.14 5.96 4.34 3.22 5.15 6.24 6.71 7.12Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 4.84 3.23 3.87 2.40 1.27 1.38 1.25 -0.90 0.10Average, all LDCs 4.34 4.75 5.68 5.29 3.80 3.95 4.53 4.65 4.91

Aggregate growth rates are calculated based on the total GDP aggregate for the country groups.

Note: Tuvalu economy has not been systematically monitored for the WESP.Data downloaded in January 2020.

Annual Real Growth of Gross Domestic Product

Source: Global Economic Monitoring Unit, Division for Policy Analysis and Development. Department of Economic and Social Affairs and calculations by OHRLLS.Growth rates are calculated using constant 2010 USD.

Table A.1.A.: Economic Growth and Poverty

2019e means that it is only expected GDP data for 2019.

Poverty

2011 2012 2013 2015All LDCsPoverty line (PPP$/day) 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90Headcount (%) 39.22 37.59 36.48 35.58Poverty gap (%) 14.75 13.96 13.46 13.08Squared poverty gap 7.76 7.26 6.96 6.73

Aggregated poverty estimates

Source: PovcalNet, World Bank.

Table A.1.B.:Economic Growth and Poverty

Data downloaded in February 2020.

Population

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 24.22 25.11 26.02 26.94 27.88 28.84 29.82 30.81Benin 9.46 9.73 10.00 10.29 10.58 10.87 11.18 11.49Burkina Faso 16.08 16.57 17.07 17.59 18.11 18.65 19.19 19.75Burundi 8.96 9.25 9.54 9.84 10.16 10.49 10.83 11.18Central African Republic 4.42 4.44 4.45 4.46 4.49 4.54 4.60 4.67Chad 12.36 12.78 13.22 13.66 14.11 14.56 15.02 15.48Comoros 0.71 0.72 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.83Congo, Dem. Rep. 66.76 69.02 71.36 73.77 76.24 78.79 81.40 84.07Djibouti 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.96Eritrea 3.21 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia 90.14 92.73 95.39 98.09 100.84 103.60 106.40 109.22Gambia, The 1.85 1.91 1.96 2.02 2.09 2.15 2.21 2.28Guinea 10.42 10.65 10.89 11.15 11.43 11.74 12.07 12.41Guinea-Bissau 1.56 1.60 1.65 1.69 1.74 1.78 1.83 1.87Lesotho 2.00 2.01 2.03 2.04 2.06 2.08 2.09 2.11Liberia 4.02 4.14 4.25 4.36 4.47 4.59 4.70 4.82Madagascar 21.74 22.35 22.96 23.59 24.23 24.89 25.57 26.26Malawi 14.96 15.40 15.84 16.29 16.75 17.21 17.67 18.14Mali 15.51 15.98 16.45 16.93 17.44 17.97 18.51 19.08Mauritania 3.60 3.71 3.82 3.93 4.05 4.16 4.28 4.40Mozambique 24.19 24.86 25.56 26.29 27.04 27.83 28.65 29.50Niger 17.11 17.80 18.50 19.24 20.00 20.79 21.60 22.44Rwanda 10.29 10.55 10.81 11.08 11.37 11.67 11.98 12.30Sao Tome and Principe 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21Senegal 13.03 13.40 13.78 14.17 14.58 14.99 15.42 15.85Sierra Leone 6.56 6.71 6.86 7.02 7.17 7.33 7.49 7.65Somalia 12.38 12.72 13.06 13.42 13.80 14.19 14.59 15.01South-Sudan 9.83 10.11 10.36 10.55 10.72 10.83 10.91 10.98Sudan 35.35 36.19 37.07 37.98 38.90 39.85 40.81 41.80Tanzania, United Republic of 45.67 47.05 48.48 49.96 51.48 53.05 54.66 56.32Togo 6.60 6.77 6.95 7.14 7.32 7.51 7.70 7.89Uganda 33.48 34.56 35.70 36.91 38.23 39.65 41.16 42.72Zambia 14.02 14.47 14.93 15.40 15.88 16.36 16.85 17.35Total, Africa 541.55 554.34 570.79 587.68 605.05 622.88 641.16 659.86Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 30.12 31.16 32.27 33.37 34.41 35.38 36.30 37.17Bangladesh 149.27 151.01 152.76 154.52 156.26 157.97 159.67 161.36Bhutan 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.75Cambodia 14.54 14.78 15.03 15.27 15.52 15.77 16.01 16.25Kiribati 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12Lao People's Dem. Rep. 6.35 6.44 6.54 6.64 6.74 6.85 6.95 7.06Myanmar 50.99 51.41 51.85 52.28 52.68 53.05 53.38 53.71Nepal 27.04 26.99 26.92 26.91 27.02 27.26 27.63 28.09Solomon Islands 0.54 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.65Timor-Leste 1.11 1.13 1.15 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.27Tuvalu 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Vanuatu 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.29Yemen 23.81 24.47 25.15 25.82 26.50 27.17 27.83 28.50Total, Asia and the Pacific 304.83 309.03 313.33 317.68 322.05 326.42 330.81 335.23Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 10.10 10.25 10.40 10.55 10.70 10.84 10.98 11.12Total, all LDCs 856.47 873.62 894.52 915.91 937.79 960.13 982.95 1006.21

Total Population (in Million)

Source: World Development Indicators.

Table A.1.C.: Economic Growth and Poverty

Data downloaded in March 2020.

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017AfricaAngola 4.17 4.40 4.83 4.76 5.69 6.75 6.58 5.85 6.07 6.51 7.55 9.12 9.83 10.02 39.08 39.60 42.78 46.81 48.66 46.98 46.76 26.42 26.67 26.14 27.50 34.20 27.21 24.13Benin 13.31 12.31 12.92 13.18 12.19 11.87 12.30 22.84 22.30 21.35 21.46 22.49 23.24 23.02 46.06 47.63 47.51 47.48 47.16 47.59 46.16 24.13 22.55 27.81 28.57 25.97 24.59 28.38Burkina Faso 7.02 6.75 5.35 6.27 6.62 4.02 4.85 30.79 31.48 31.67 31.36 30.27 30.59 28.33 36.62 37.45 40.06 40.33 41.99 41.72 42.11 27.97 32.45 32.50 25.85 24.33 22.88 25.02Burundi 9.32 8.83 9.55 10.12 8.68 9.36 .. 36.70 35.42 38.37 34.96 30.68 31.54 28.55 37.99 38.85 36.02 39.13 49.37 47.67 49.33 16.35 16.32 14.62 14.20 12.18 9.19 8.81Central African Republic 19.97 23.65 21.06 17.44 19.74 19.45 18.44 37.57 36.81 32.26 33.99 31.53 31.92 32.79 28.57 30.07 39.64 41.79 42.13 41.68 41.88 13.71 10.83 7.52 21.99 21.81 22.46 25.60Chad 1.73 2.06 2.72 2.69 2.78 2.96 .. 51.20 54.90 50.05 50.65 50.40 46.13 48.61 32.59 31.82 33.02 31.09 33.04 30.49 33.51 28.47 31.10 29.25 33.76 28.46 24.39 21.29Comoros .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30.56 30.17 30.79 30.01 30.60 31.37 31.90 53.60 54.04 53.06 53.78 54.90 54.17 54.20 16.02 16.15 16.36 15.20 13.64 12.56 13.43Congo, Dem. Rep. 15.36 15.36 15.39 15.55 17.13 18.26 19.49 20.92 20.44 19.32 18.56 18.37 18.60 19.70 33.11 33.18 32.33 31.70 33.10 33.83 33.75 24.89 14.33 21.84 23.22 18.53 37.00 24.99Djibouti .. .. 2.00 2.78 2.74 2.90 3.13 .. .. 1.19 1.23 1.19 1.31 1.45 .. .. 80.68 80.50 80.13 80.54 79.67 .. .. 85.10 23.55 18.18 41.19 47.41Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.00 .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia 3.68 3.42 3.70 3.99 4.40 5.69 6.19 41.25 44.33 41.24 38.52 36.06 34.70 33.78 41.43 38.58 39.67 39.89 39.55 36.72 36.64 32.11 37.10 34.08 37.99 40.67 37.35 38.45Gambia, The 5.49 5.75 5.61 6.51 6.35 5.59 4.47 27.20 27.39 26.22 22.46 22.21 21.86 21.00 54.90 54.45 55.13 56.44 51.89 48.80 53.43 12.90 20.88 14.57 15.08 12.69 15.45 17.03Guinea 10.47 10.53 10.80 11.08 12.12 10.93 10.02 16.07 16.83 17.55 17.52 18.48 17.59 20.53 43.88 42.22 43.53 43.35 45.51 41.93 37.94 24.05 26.02 23.49 22.82 24.16 52.67 22.27Guinea-Bissau 11.10 12.21 12.68 12.38 10.70 11.33 10.50 45.02 46.89 44.14 41.13 46.79 46.35 49.16 40.56 38.07 40.11 41.93 36.43 36.35 32.52 9.93 6.70 7.22 11.42 8.09 7.82 9.00Lesotho 12.02 10.85 10.59 11.99 14.60 15.41 13.73 5.13 4.99 5.77 5.62 4.97 5.89 6.12 54.63 56.10 56.48 54.44 52.91 52.33 52.53 22.63 32.04 29.59 31.43 28.73 28.02 24.33Liberia 2.28 2.12 1.93 2.26 2.14 1.95 1.84 44.30 38.80 37.23 35.77 34.37 37.24 37.09 47.40 44.80 47.01 48.53 53.09 50.34 48.24 19.45 19.45 19.45 19.49 20.16 20.08 20.49Madagascar 8.72 8.67 8.63 9.04 8.51 10.20 9.19 29.05 28.00 26.49 25.85 25.74 25.13 24.55 49.13 50.95 51.50 50.81 50.77 51.01 51.05 23.35 20.17 16.51 16.49 15.99 16.37 15.81Malawi 10.07 9.25 9.56 9.55 9.60 9.52 9.37 28.77 28.29 28.67 28.70 27.48 25.93 26.10 47.89 49.19 49.74 49.80 50.20 51.85 52.43 12.42 12.05 12.70 11.99 12.22 10.78 13.43Mali .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34.56 38.11 36.73 37.46 37.72 38.37 38.34 36.73 34.22 36.86 37.31 37.27 37.80 37.58 19.72 17.18 17.80 20.16 20.76 22.78 22.05Mauritania 6.79 7.50 6.84 8.02 9.25 8.20 8.55 17.09 17.93 18.00 21.91 24.69 24.09 23.88 32.81 34.32 33.43 37.33 40.58 39.96 39.44 43.43 58.83 56.02 52.20 54.92 47.35 46.35Mozambique 9.81 8.65 8.19 8.03 8.19 8.48 8.20 25.75 24.91 23.50 23.93 22.92 22.85 25.04 47.41 48.04 48.66 47.96 47.44 45.33 40.95 28.83 49.53 53.99 52.86 41.25 46.60 33.19Niger 4.76 6.05 6.66 6.30 5.74 5.94 5.71 38.31 38.08 35.80 36.71 36.33 38.78 39.65 37.26 34.95 35.70 36.93 38.14 37.79 38.31 38.39 36.18 36.15 37.43 38.71 31.90 33.69Rwanda 2.57 2.12 2.53 2.69 2.20 2.05 2.39 27.88 28.85 28.89 28.75 28.01 29.31 30.95 46.35 47.05 47.73 47.16 47.87 47.29 46.36 22.91 25.38 26.53 25.29 26.45 25.88 23.83Sao Tome and Principe 8.33 7.38 7.27 6.47 6.37 7.02 7.25 11.65 11.83 12.33 11.66 12.23 11.67 12.08 68.72 70.02 69.80 69.44 70.43 70.98 70.87 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal 17.16 16.84 17.34 17.00 17.04 16.41 19.04 12.88 13.97 13.69 13.37 14.28 14.41 16.04 54.05 53.65 52.94 53.61 51.44 51.97 50.97 20.20 24.91 24.21 25.88 25.83 25.36 27.68Sierra Leone 2.25 2.02 1.64 1.53 1.77 1.82 1.96 54.59 50.59 47.98 51.79 58.65 58.21 60.28 35.25 32.56 28.48 29.83 33.87 33.29 32.38 42.04 27.48 13.76 13.69 15.53 20.12 18.49Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South-Sudan 2.06 2.72 4.02 2.68 3.53 .. .. 4.68 6.18 9.64 7.60 10.36 .. .. 34.10 42.67 68.14 45.70 56.55 .. .. 9.49 7.07 11.37 7.99 5.75 .. ..Sudan 6.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. 24.36 33.14 33.76 31.85 31.42 31.20 30.45 45.21 45.10 44.46 45.46 46.40 46.48 46.79 21.58 19.14 19.53 16.44 16.56 19.61 18.89Tanzania, United Republic of 9.55 9.44 9.11 9.12 7.86 7.81 7.66 24.98 26.55 26.79 25.80 26.75 27.44 28.74 41.41 40.61 40.27 41.30 40.43 39.45 37.92 34.74 34.84 37.47 37.65 32.76 32.17 34.02Togo 7.85 6.89 6.05 7.42 6.81 7.05 6.51 29.88 42.52 37.51 25.68 24.37 24.13 23.62 50.12 29.82 30.85 28.05 27.42 26.89 27.82 17.73 24.15 23.20 27.92 32.22 32.01 23.62Uganda 9.82 10.54 9.54 8.51 8.70 8.71 8.59 25.06 26.08 25.48 25.07 23.98 23.65 24.58 47.56 45.79 46.72 47.13 47.93 47.46 47.11 27.46 27.30 28.35 27.28 24.62 25.46 23.61Zambia 7.52 7.08 6.19 6.82 7.52 7.69 8.13 9.65 9.32 8.23 6.78 4.98 6.23 4.02 50.39 53.19 53.09 53.51 56.22 54.18 52.09 33.64 31.75 34.04 34.04 42.81 38.21 ..Average, Africa 7.17 7.27 7.24 7.28 7.76 8.38 8.63 20.99 23.03 22.40 22.30 23.48 24.35 24.22 42.09 41.92 43.79 44.18 44.99 43.55 43.42 25.83 26.79 27.39 27.60 28.02 28.81 26.09Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 13.78 12.49 11.50 11.48 11.42 11.37 11.10 23.74 24.39 22.81 22.14 20.63 21.08 20.47 49.70 50.58 52.68 52.99 53.24 52.76 52.66 16.67 16.91 17.34 18.16 19.45 17.81 19.17Bangladesh 16.00 15.91 16.44 16.61 16.79 17.03 17.30 16.81 16.18 15.49 15.35 14.78 14.05 13.41 53.05 53.15 53.39 53.64 53.71 53.67 53.48 27.42 28.26 28.39 28.58 28.89 29.65 30.51Bhutan 8.29 8.85 8.33 8.04 7.98 7.43 7.25 16.33 15.96 16.10 16.62 16.71 16.64 17.37 38.07 36.45 36.33 36.88 37.62 37.37 37.15 67.65 67.91 45.92 51.23 53.95 55.45 51.26Cambodia 15.17 15.09 15.49 15.40 16.01 16.00 16.19 34.56 33.52 31.60 28.87 26.58 24.74 23.36 37.50 37.77 38.51 39.70 39.83 39.89 39.72 17.10 18.51 20.01 22.09 22.45 22.71 22.89Kiribati 5.79 4.97 4.52 4.65 3.85 4.21 4.34 25.07 24.34 23.05 23.74 21.58 26.32 30.79 61.62 61.06 60.79 61.66 60.71 61.77 63.44 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 10.67 8.98 8.44 8.43 8.19 7.77 7.48 20.79 18.55 17.93 17.85 17.59 17.23 16.20 41.77 40.15 42.49 44.16 44.17 42.48 41.53 28.07 32.50 30.65 29.80 31.56 29.01 ..Myanmar 19.72 20.09 19.92 19.93 20.81 22.81 23.85 32.50 30.59 29.53 27.83 26.77 25.47 23.33 36.21 37.04 38.10 37.68 38.76 39.50 40.37 29.19 29.88 31.52 31.72 34.59 33.18 32.76Nepal 5.89 5.97 5.92 5.75 5.59 5.37 5.01 34.98 33.15 31.53 30.27 29.38 29.15 27.08 45.29 46.87 47.55 48.65 49.46 49.96 51.02 37.99 34.50 37.32 41.17 39.06 33.88 46.82Solomon Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste 0.17 0.14 0.18 0.28 0.50 0.72 1.00 4.08 4.46 5.23 7.31 8.81 10.74 10.43 12.27 12.02 15.20 22.71 32.77 43.46 44.10 14.56 11.39 11.43 16.49 19.18 26.30 22.49Tuvalu 1.04 .. .. .. .. .. .. 26.15 20.50 19.58 18.96 16.51 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 4.21 3.60 3.22 3.31 3.49 .. .. 22.88 25.02 24.99 25.20 25.84 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27.50 23.04 25.92 26.43 .. .. ..Yemen 8.66 8.82 8.43 8.56 .. .. .. 8.53 8.44 7.87 7.82 7.07 7.08 6.01 29.00 28.96 27.23 27.27 23.26 22.94 19.11 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Asia and the Pacific 14.54 14.36 14.45 14.72 15.82 16.42 16.67 21.44 20.40 19.25 18.60 17.60 17.14 16.24 44.14 44.35 45.07 45.79 46.34 47.48 47.83 27.37 27.70 28.27 29.04 29.83 29.60 31.01Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 9.61 6.60 .. .. .. .. .. 20.63 18.08 18.50 17.96 17.42 17.87 17.93 24.50 17.01 15.67 15.65 15.07 14.75 14.42 27.86 29.55 30.29 30.94 32.40 30.49 28.97Average, all LDCs 10.01 10.14 10.17 10.38 11.15 12.04 12.33 21.15 22.02 21.22 20.89 21.11 21.29 20.95 42.69 42.57 43.99 44.51 45.25 44.95 44.98 26.39 27.13 27.71 28.12 28.72 29.14 28.03


Table A.2.A: Productive CapacityEconomic Sectors, Value Added

Weight: GDP (current US$).

Value added Manufacturing (Percentage of GDP) Value added Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing (Percentage of GDP) Value added Services (Percentage of GDP) Gross Capital Formation (Percentage of GDP)


2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 3.10 6.50 8.90 21.40 12.40 13.00 14.34 49.85 50.92 51.07 52.16 49.79 45.08 44.69 43.13Benin 4.15 4.50 4.90 6.00 11.25 11.99 20.00 82.08 86.42 96.23 84.19 88.11 81.79 78.50 82.38Burkina Faso 3.00 3.73 9.10 9.40 14.00 13.96 16.00 47.77 60.20 65.84 71.05 79.77 82.61 93.50 97.91Burundi 1.11 1.22 1.26 1.38 4.87 5.17 2.66 21.37 24.30 26.59 32.44 49.19 51.09 54.68 56.53Central African Republic 2.20 3.00 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.34 22.46 25.77 30.58 25.89 27.65 27.51 25.57 27.67Chad 1.90 2.10 2.50 2.90 3.50 5.00 6.50 29.66 34.43 34.50 38.43 38.73 38.36 42.41 45.12Comoros 5.50 5.98 6.50 6.98 7.46 7.94 8.48 30.63 39.17 46.86 50.44 54.64 57.11 57.61 59.94Congo, Dem. Rep. 1.20 1.68 2.20 3.00 3.80 6.21 8.62 23.44 29.11 39.56 50.30 49.52 36.67 43.46 43.38Djibouti 7.00 8.27 9.50 10.71 11.92 13.13 55.68 22.61 24.47 27.64 31.94 34.39 37.16 39.51 41.20Eritrea 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.99 1.08 1.18 1.31 7.53 9.39 10.81 12.60 14.21 14.99 20.36 ..Ethiopia 1.10 2.90 4.60 7.70 13.86 15.37 18.62 15.67 22.13 26.89 31.08 41.96 49.44 37.22 36.20Gambia, The 10.87 12.45 14.00 15.56 16.50 18.50 19.84 75.81 80.11 94.15 112.83 130.19 132.06 133.97 139.53Guinea 2.00 3.10 4.50 6.40 8.20 9.80 18.00 46.64 52.43 68.27 77.87 94.16 94.65 96.95 96.12Guinea-Bissau 2.67 2.89 3.10 3.32 3.54 3.76 3.93 46.87 65.37 57.02 65.49 71.29 72.14 78.49 78.99Lesotho 7.00 10.00 15.00 22.00 25.00 27.36 29.00 61.50 76.67 88.26 104.67 103.94 110.02 113.83 ..Liberia 2.50 2.60 3.20 5.41 33.00 7.32 7.98 50.30 57.55 60.04 73.98 81.66 67.96 56.57 ..Madagascar 1.90 2.30 3.00 3.70 4.17 4.71 9.80 39.92 39.28 36.85 41.18 44.13 32.13 34.14 40.57Malawi 3.33 4.35 5.05 5.83 5.30 11.47 13.78 26.41 30.18 33.40 34.58 39.22 41.72 43.99 39.01Mali 2.20 2.80 3.50 7.00 10.33 11.11 13.00 69.75 91.45 120.06 138.81 130.16 112.54 119.02 115.08Mauritania 4.50 5.00 6.20 10.70 15.20 18.00 20.80 92.11 108.60 104.47 95.48 90.07 86.81 95.13 103.71Mozambique 4.30 6.00 7.29 9.24 16.93 17.52 10.00 32.48 35.41 48.52 70.31 74.46 53.99 41.45 47.72Niger 0.90 1.05 1.15 1.25 2.48 4.32 10.22 27.71 30.32 37.86 42.81 44.79 35.94 40.64 ..Rwanda 7.00 8.02 9.00 10.60 18.00 20.00 21.77 43.19 53.94 61.87 69.90 77.05 76.46 73.61 78.85Sao Tome and Principe 20.16 21.57 23.00 24.41 25.82 28.00 29.93 62.34 64.85 65.25 65.65 92.75 87.61 84.00 77.06Senegal 9.80 10.80 13.10 17.70 27.00 25.66 46.00 71.76 85.59 95.29 101.45 102.61 101.29 102.20 104.45Sierra Leone 0.90 2.50 4.00 6.06 6.34 11.77 9.00 32.56 32.92 58.28 67.79 78.88 85.68 88.47 ..Somalia 1.25 1.38 1.50 1.63 1.76 1.88 2.00 14.54 18.09 39.67 40.97 42.30 46.90 48.80 ..South-Sudan .. .. 3.83 4.52 5.50 6.68 7.98 18.31 22.74 27.55 27.25 27.05 24.92 25.56 33.46Sudan 17.46 21.00 22.70 24.64 26.61 14.10 30.87 70.88 76.42 74.60 73.19 71.82 69.78 70.18 72.01Tanzania, United Republic of 3.20 3.95 4.40 7.00 20.00 13.00 25.00 56.20 57.85 56.60 63.78 77.05 75.48 73.09 77.24Togo 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.70 7.12 11.31 12.36 40.86 48.90 61.30 63.27 66.30 73.31 78.85 77.89Uganda 13.01 14.10 15.50 16.90 17.83 21.88 23.71 49.88 47.33 50.62 55.18 52.90 57.60 60.60 57.27Zambia 11.50 13.47 15.40 19.00 21.00 25.51 27.85 58.22 72.76 69.65 65.68 72.78 73.44 79.74 89.16Average, Africa 4.39 5.66 6.84 9.15 12.68 12.62 16.96 39.16 44.66 50.52 56.13 60.47 57.90 57.41 ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 5.00 5.45 5.90 7.00 8.26 11.20 13.50 45.81 49.23 52.08 55.16 57.27 61.05 65.93 59.12Bangladesh 4.50 5.00 6.63 13.90 14.40 18.02 15.00 56.52 64.36 76.30 82.10 84.08 86.08 94.53 97.28Bhutan 14.40 15.60 22.40 30.30 39.80 41.77 48.11 69.84 79.95 76.64 86.86 92.84 94.80 98.00 93.26Cambodia 3.10 4.94 6.80 14.00 6.43 32.40 32.45 94.61 129.26 134.86 133.90 134.33 126.32 116.01 119.49Kiribati 10.00 10.75 11.50 12.25 13.00 13.70 14.58 13.17 16.92 18.54 27.42 36.96 46.21 40.40 46.61Lao People's Dem. Rep. 9.00 10.75 12.50 14.26 18.20 21.87 25.51 86.35 66.72 70.52 69.56 55.29 57.82 53.38 51.86Myanmar 0.98 4.00 8.00 11.52 21.73 25.07 30.68 2.44 7.25 13.18 55.53 77.82 95.36 89.82 113.84Nepal 9.00 11.15 13.30 15.44 17.58 19.69 34.00 49.39 61.54 79.36 85.56 101.85 117.81 130.63 139.45Solomon Islands 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 11.92 50.76 54.34 56.55 64.16 70.42 67.25 73.16 73.83Timor-Leste 4.00 7.00 11.00 17.50 23.00 25.25 27.49 55.17 54.81 56.36 117.15 115.08 122.38 125.21 103.24Tuvalu 30.00 35.00 37.00 39.20 42.70 46.01 49.32 20.03 26.07 31.32 34.63 59.46 67.71 70.36 ..Vanuatu 9.20 10.60 11.30 18.80 22.35 24.00 25.72 56.44 58.55 49.58 59.14 64.48 78.54 79.86 ..Yemen 14.91 17.45 20.00 22.55 24.09 24.58 26.72 49.01 56.80 66.98 66.22 56.69 60.49 55.18 ..Average, Asia and the Pacific 5.23 6.56 8.62 13.68 15.79 19.96 21.13 47.63 55.60 65.41 76.20 81.32 86.84 90.56 ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 9.00 9.80 10.60 11.40 12.20 12.23 12.33 41.58 59.46 68.84 64.17 68.25 60.00 57.42 57.53Average, all LDCs 4.75 6.03 7.51 10.75 13.75 15.11 18.31 42.20 48.71 55.95 63.18 67.72 67.77 68.56 ..


Table A.2.B: Productive Capacity

Individuals using the Internet (Percentage of population) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)

Source: World Development Indicators.Weight: Total population.

Infrastructure: Internet and Mobile Cellular Subscriptions

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 50.97 70.98 70.43 65.52 46.04 43.94 67.32 78.16 988 1132 1322 1410 1244 1483 1376 1517 11.27 13.95 13.80 19.28 19.57 26.62 23.15 25.13 764 840 1008 1155 833 621 796 778Benin 0.44 0.44 1.27 0.55 0.81 0.01 58 58 138 60 112 1 0 0 12.69 15.04 14.28 17.21 17.67 15.49 16.81 16.96 335 348 348 348 348 348 333 333Burkina Faso 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.10 134 126 139 117 123 145 145 152 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Burundi .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Central African Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chad 0.78 0.55 0.46 0.47 .. .. .. .. 75 52 28 28 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Comoros .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.14 5.17 5.21 6.83 6.78 5.47 5.34 5.41 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.00 0.21 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.23 0.89 252 472 456 456 476 416 960 932 3.73 4.05 4.01 4.11 4.33 4.49 4.04 3.48 58 43 45 73 45 45 55 49Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21.02 16.56 20.29 20.22 20.76 33.71 29.68 37.03 634 660 660 736 910 987 928 847Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 67 103 103 4.02 4.17 4.02 4.02 3.49 3.18 3.18 5.51 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia 505.57 703.64 790.74 950.16 1228.74 1500.15 2076.19 2089.28 4441 5001 5672 6275 7075 8242 9566 11501 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Gambia, The 0.00 0.16 2.17 2.25 0.07 .. .. .. 0 11 147 152 3 44 54 54 5.24 7.81 5.89 5.64 8.21 6.19 5.22 8.30 72 65 69 70 65 60 64 65Guinea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.21 7.42 8.06 5.78 9.01 9.11 10.22 8.59 135 135 135 135 135 135 172 172Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.07 4.31 4.00 3.98 3.97 4.10 5.82 5.74 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lesotho .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.17 8.11 5.88 6.00 8.47 7.73 7.77 8.27 60 60 70 79 100 145 125 128Madagascar 21.27 24.98 34.56 31.07 25.62 11.96 15.03 16.25 544 588 539 520 459 442 486 541 7.72 11.80 11.85 11.36 11.37 9.14 8.64 8.96 146 132 138 139 139 139 170 174Malawi 0.51 0.32 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 83 54 6 6 6 7 11 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mali 9.12 5.45 1.19 0.00 .. .. .. .. 364 182 33 0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mauritania 0.14 0.00 0.00 .. .. .. .. .. 381 325 262 271 248 280 419 454 5.62 8.20 6.53 6.00 8.63 8.40 6.25 11.07 70 72 73 73 73 73 88 90Mozambique 8.08 4.92 5.88 5.37 4.86 4.37 3.56 4.78 577 560 701 740 676 633 569 540 10.12 9.82 10.23 8.96 10.91 10.62 10.05 10.47 389 326 387 450 450 450 400 454Niger 0.00 1.47 1.08 .. .. .. .. .. 0 120 88 13 15 15 15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Rwanda 6.44 17.45 20.00 20.70 .. .. .. .. 268 593 611 627 545 645 1032 1074 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sao Tome and Principe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.13 2.28 6.87 6.07 6.04 6.23 5.92 5.24 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal 3.38 4.58 4.47 3.58 3.10 0.13 0.04 0.04 391 544 220 132 115 10 21 21 12.27 13.59 11.08 12.90 12.19 16.08 16.37 14.45 369 384 384 384 530 540 571 571Sierra Leone 0.00 0.00 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 50 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.41 7.40 5.15 5.64 8.30 7.80 7.86 8.34 75 75 75 75 75 75 89 89Somalia 1.52 1.28 1.44 1.36 .. .. .. .. 177 179 258 252 .. 4 4 4 4.20 4.34 4.20 5.45 5.43 8.03 8.24 7.96 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan 22.72 23.54 12.42 11.90 7.45 5.15 5.69 947 777 542 502 496 293 558 270 12.75 8.42 13.14 14.58 19.50 21.46 15.79 430 441 447 434 482 465 487 552Tanzania, United Republic of 1.17 1.63 0.00 0.56 2.21 0.54 0.28 0.39 915 1030 1174 1125 1313 1180 1222 1482 11.49 11.07 11.10 11.81 10.62 11.72 12.34 13.20 771 903 894 1012 1076 1012 1091 1190Togo 53.44 53.72 32.36 41.47 7.40 8.35 8.57 10.89 832 746 841 426 421 475 501 566 14.08 14.07 14.76 19.09 20.44 28.62 33.05 35.86 353 289 312 381 906 822 1194 1194Uganda 0.67 0.80 0.86 0.67 0.02 0.02 .. .. 142 182 199 164 42 52 15 22 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Zambia 0.00 0.00 93.43 83.43 79.38 80.35 81.56 75.08 306 127 10 9 204 144 155 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Total, Africa 686.28 916.18 1072.92 1219.20 1405.85 1655.06 2258.48 2275.87 11924 12909 13385 13285 13626 14577 17210 19252 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4661 4772 5044 5545 6167 5917 6564 6686Share of the World's Total (in %), Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.77 0.75 0.77 0.81 0.88 0.83 0.87 0.84Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 109.42 116.66 84.62 34.28 33.10 29.01 21.46 29.56 2279 1738 2044 2209 1930 1918 1647 1723 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Bangladesh 159.69 152.32 225.19 207.74 57.01 53.98 61.75 63.82 2022 2195 2782 3052 3998 3816 4661 5984 8.15 8.02 7.96 8.40 9.31 10.95 11.87 12.07 1417 1427 1489 1643 2045 2377 2587 2827Bhutan 0.48 0.47 0.64 0.92 0.54 0.66 0.53 0.69 226 193 208 302 163 224 255 276 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Cambodia 0.10 0.07 1.07 1.75 2.30 1.44 0.88 0.68 500 509 615 1071 1104 1047 1305 1411 5.36 3.45 5.34 5.55 6.69 8.63 8.66 8.20 224 224 230 342 392 400 645 742Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 67 67 3.11 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91 3.61 4.84 4.84 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 0.39 0.97 1.41 1.37 1.36 1.50 1.47 1.53 533 878 1477 1310 1181 1220 1196 1252 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Myanmar 3.53 3.83 2.86 3.90 3.39 5.07 4.83 4.74 1540 1663 1572 1927 2096 2741 3149 3408 3.22 4.20 6.00 6.25 6.23 10.03 7.35 9.29 381 474 567 717 827 1026 1120 1288Nepal 6.49 5.76 5.76 4.60 4.54 4.90 4.57 4.66 901 777 643 518 510 634 2444 3297 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Solomon Islands 2.82 3.02 3.08 3.24 3.69 3.60 3.84 3.84 140 138 302 330 374 373 428 428 5.87 6.07 6.04 6.90 6.64 7.36 7.50 7.59 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.49 2.47 2.47 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.39 1.58 1.58 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 1.73 1.91 1.94 2.00 1.66 1.21 1.63 1.66 240 319 327 320 272 299 341 375 3.70 3.88 3.42 6.44 6.17 6.53 6.65 6.85 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Yemen 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.27 1492 1300 1664 1666 444 243 133 336 11.89 13.19 19.00 18.45 24.17 20.70 11.58 7.92 620 570 560 496 377 375 535 ..Total, Asia and the Pacific 284.65 285.01 326.56 259.80 107.58 101.35 100.96 114.45 9874 9710 11634 12706 12071 12517 15625 18556 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2642 2695 2846 3198 3641 4178 4887 4857Share of the World's Total (in %), Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.44 0.42 0.43 0.46 0.52 0.59 0.64 0.61Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.75 5.08 5.12 5.07 6.54 7.34 8.89 8.81 165 173 175 178 177 178 189 196Total, all LDCs 970.93 1201.19 1399.48 1479.00 1513.43 1756.41 2359.45 2390.32 21798 22619 25020 25991 25697 27094 32835 37807 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7467 7639 8066 8921 9984 10273 11639 11739Share of the World's Total (in %), all LDCs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.23 1.20 1.23 1.30 1.43 1.44 1.53 1.48

Table A.2.C: Productive CapacityInfrastructure: Connectivity

Data downloaded in February/March 2020.Source: World Development Indicators.

Air transport, passengers carried (in thousands) Liner shipping connectivity index (maximum value in 2004 = 100)Air transport, freight (million ton-km) Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units)

Table A.2.D: Productive CapacityEnergy

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017AfricaAngola 34.60 35.67 36.88 32.00 42.00 40.62 41.89 82.50 72.76 67.70 51.00 64.00 70.79 72.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 3.82 0.00 0.00Benin 36.90 38.40 37.28 34.10 40.16 41.62 43.08 67.00 68.60 65.98 55.80 69.25 70.89 72.53 13.62 14.55 14.14 16.23 15.68 16.45 17.20Burkina Faso 15.76 16.76 18.34 19.20 21.79 23.65 25.47 54.31 55.58 56.86 58.00 60.23 62.58 64.89 2.78 3.28 4.56 4.90 7.19 8.41 9.57Burundi 6.16 6.50 7.09 7.00 8.47 9.30 9.30 52.75 58.50 55.05 52.10 57.88 59.41 61.80 0.46 0.00 0.87 0.98 1.68 2.21 1.66Central African Republic 13.20 16.10 18.71 21.34 24.23 27.13 29.98 29.51 33.39 36.89 40.52 44.42 48.30 52.14 2.72 4.87 6.76 8.57 10.61 12.64 14.59Chad 6.65 7.46 7.98 8.51 7.70 10.11 10.88 24.90 26.18 27.47 30.12 32.40 36.20 39.19 1.49 2.13 2.40 2.28 0.52 2.46 2.49Comoros 69.66 69.30 69.93 72.41 74.91 77.42 79.93 85.32 85.10 87.61 89.48 91.36 93.24 95.12 63.56 63.12 62.98 65.67 68.37 71.08 73.79Congo, Dem. Rep. 13.59 15.40 15.16 13.50 16.83 17.98 19.09 39.34 40.80 42.60 42.00 45.89 47.54 49.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Djibouti 55.98 54.60 56.17 56.44 57.55 58.66 60.20 64.62 64.24 66.25 67.08 67.91 68.75 69.96 26.92 22.07 21.97 20.19 22.02 23.86 26.29Eritrea 40.97 42.15 43.37 44.62 45.88 47.15 48.42 77.11 76.99 76.89 76.79 76.69 76.60 76.50 20.84 22.24 23.71 25.26 26.86 28.50 30.19Ethiopia 23.00 35.06 36.07 27.20 29.00 42.90 44.30 85.20 86.96 87.74 91.98 85.00 85.40 96.60 9.59 23.55 24.28 12.01 15.50 32.36 30.97Gambia, The 49.73 50.85 51.50 52.52 53.63 54.75 56.20 66.30 67.91 67.00 71.16 73.01 75.80 79.40 28.31 28.13 30.25 26.22 25.48 23.27 20.52Guinea 26.69 26.20 28.81 29.91 31.62 33.50 35.44 72.93 74.20 76.16 77.79 79.59 82.20 83.22 2.90 1.19 3.82 4.32 5.63 6.74 8.81Guinea-Bissau 11.49 12.22 14.79 17.20 20.30 23.20 26.05 27.27 27.61 27.97 33.10 38.04 43.21 48.33 0.74 1.56 5.51 5.82 7.39 8.38 9.27Lesotho 22.92 24.82 26.44 27.80 29.97 31.87 33.73 58.47 59.75 60.66 61.50 62.99 66.25 69.56 10.87 12.74 14.35 15.65 17.81 18.95 19.98Liberia 4.10 8.53 9.80 9.40 15.34 19.80 21.49 7.20 14.93 16.40 14.80 25.78 34.00 35.98 1.22 2.49 3.46 4.13 4.96 5.45 6.59Madagascar 14.30 17.74 12.90 18.74 20.01 22.90 24.08 61.50 62.53 60.70 64.99 66.23 67.30 68.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Malawi 7.60 7.40 9.00 11.90 10.80 11.00 12.70 32.60 37.10 36.60 46.10 48.70 42.00 57.50 2.95 1.82 3.76 5.32 3.41 4.87 3.71Mali 26.86 25.60 30.13 33.00 37.60 39.75 43.09 74.95 76.00 78.36 80.01 83.10 83.95 87.19 0.00 0.00 0.07 2.71 7.28 9.31 11.71Mauritania 35.74 36.89 37.76 38.80 39.50 41.35 42.91 76.62 76.89 76.79 76.90 78.03 80.33 82.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00Mozambique 20.20 21.25 22.32 23.41 24.00 26.11 27.43 54.50 58.39 61.15 64.03 68.00 70.31 73.39 3.81 3.08 2.88 2.59 0.93 2.39 2.18Niger 14.30 14.40 15.61 16.53 16.60 18.90 20.04 59.90 61.80 60.68 62.12 60.20 65.44 67.10 5.47 5.23 6.89 7.70 8.14 9.84 10.84Rwanda 10.80 17.50 15.20 19.80 22.80 29.37 34.10 58.20 67.60 61.50 71.80 72.90 79.97 84.80 1.13 7.28 5.75 9.17 12.54 18.96 23.62Sao Tome and Principe 60.61 57.90 62.91 68.60 67.60 70.07 72.51 69.95 65.30 71.21 75.80 76.62 79.88 83.10 42.43 42.77 45.10 52.41 46.36 45.96 45.33Senegal 56.50 57.78 57.00 61.00 60.50 64.50 61.70 87.80 87.06 87.80 85.00 86.90 87.70 91.70 31.72 34.20 31.78 41.01 38.14 44.50 35.37Sierra Leone 14.20 16.17 13.50 17.64 19.18 20.30 23.40 35.75 40.25 41.40 42.90 44.83 46.90 48.70 0.28 0.35 0.00 0.49 1.48 1.64 5.35Somalia 22.45 24.14 25.86 27.62 29.39 31.17 32.95 47.84 50.40 52.97 55.55 58.13 60.71 63.30 4.80 5.46 6.14 6.82 7.49 8.12 8.72South-Sudan 5.50 8.92 12.04 15.19 18.60 22.01 25.38 13.75 15.75 20.78 25.93 31.35 36.76 42.12 3.68 7.39 10.07 12.73 15.63 18.53 21.37Sudan 36.28 38.98 42.31 44.90 49.26 52.88 56.45 71.44 73.39 74.98 76.30 78.65 80.61 82.53 18.80 21.76 25.84 28.95 34.19 38.51 42.80Tanzania, United Republic of 14.20 15.30 16.40 23.50 26.57 32.80 32.81 42.90 46.40 50.30 53.60 58.52 65.30 65.34 2.59 2.29 1.74 10.04 11.80 17.27 16.76Togo 39.70 39.17 41.07 45.70 45.19 47.38 48.00 77.90 76.68 79.00 83.20 84.42 87.15 88.80 16.26 15.64 16.77 21.14 18.92 20.16 19.46Uganda 14.60 16.13 13.90 20.40 18.50 26.70 22.00 55.40 52.28 52.88 51.40 51.90 57.50 57.00 4.46 6.85 3.56 11.91 9.05 17.69 11.43Zambia 26.44 27.21 28.09 27.90 31.10 35.22 40.30 58.79 60.03 61.29 61.50 67.70 70.53 75.20 5.01 5.01 5.15 4.18 4.70 9.18 14.00Average, Africa 20.93 24.05 24.67 24.82 27.15 31.91 33.04 59.19 59.83 60.58 60.38 63.63 66.51 69.61 5.92 9.16 9.55 9.20 10.44 15.91 15.68Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 43.22 69.10 70.15 89.50 71.50 97.70 97.70 86.57 95.00 92.74 98.70 92.50 99.50 99.50 29.57 60.85 62.88 86.50 64.57 97.10 97.09Bangladesh 59.60 62.87 61.50 62.40 73.17 75.92 88.00 90.20 90.66 88.00 90.70 93.76 94.01 99.50 45.64 49.76 48.56 48.10 62.36 66.01 81.28Bhutan 81.75 91.50 87.43 91.53 95.65 99.77 97.70 99.54 99.60 99.27 99.45 99.69 99.87 99.10 71.93 86.87 80.43 86.69 93.09 99.71 96.76Cambodia 48.06 51.44 54.85 56.10 69.03 76.84 89.07 93.19 94.34 95.12 96.90 98.18 99.27 99.06 36.31 40.01 43.88 44.73 60.72 70.30 86.09Kiribati 74.23 76.30 79.25 83.90 90.56 93.74 98.61 89.63 89.48 89.07 88.79 88.31 88.75 88.67 59.87 63.60 69.46 78.86 92.96 99.24 100.00Lao People's Dem. Rep. 70.00 76.37 79.49 83.09 89.70 90.81 93.60 97.11 97.43 97.47 97.68 97.80 98.77 99.50 58.01 66.79 71.08 76.06 85.69 86.76 90.51Myanmar 53.81 55.00 56.23 52.00 60.50 55.60 69.81 88.38 89.04 89.32 85.50 90.80 92.30 92.55 39.64 40.92 42.40 37.88 47.60 39.81 59.92Nepal 67.26 73.87 78.04 84.90 86.66 90.70 95.51 94.11 95.30 95.27 97.70 96.82 94.50 98.69 61.72 69.34 74.30 82.06 84.34 89.81 94.74Solomon Islands 37.69 41.99 44.70 50.04 55.10 58.64 62.90 65.96 66.66 60.40 68.08 67.60 70.59 73.77 30.39 35.44 40.42 44.98 51.50 55.10 59.59Timor-Leste 52.48 55.76 59.08 62.50 67.28 76.50 80.38 87.77 89.52 91.29 93.09 95.53 98.40 100.00 38.71 42.35 46.06 49.93 55.47 67.18 71.89Tuvalu 97.37 97.67 98.22 98.68 99.17 99.67 100.00 98.77 98.82 99.51 99.88 99.94 99.99 100.00 95.59 96.17 96.45 96.97 98.03 99.16 100.00Vanuatu 38.36 39.93 31.70 43.17 48.42 57.82 62.78 86.03 86.79 86.20 88.35 89.51 91.40 92.67 22.84 24.59 13.76 28.22 34.76 46.59 52.74Yemen 67.63 69.43 75.60 66.10 74.27 76.07 79.20 97.99 97.89 98.50 95.92 97.02 97.44 97.85 53.11 55.44 64.03 50.62 62.14 64.36 68.70Average, Asia and the Pacific 57.96 63.40 64.13 65.91 72.27 76.60 86.11 90.73 91.92 90.42 91.76 93.87 94.86 98.17 44.90 51.73 53.09 54.77 62.70 68.26 80.37Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 37.35 37.90 38.55 39.47 40.91 40.40 43.75 71.27 72.60 73.42 74.43 75.71 76.40 78.20 5.42 3.92 3.04 2.44 2.56 0.00 2.75Average, all LDCs 34.30 38.13 38.65 39.24 42.80 47.20 51.02 70.07 70.88 70.80 71.05 73.81 75.94 79.01 20.09 24.49 25.06 25.27 28.68 33.93 37.77


Access to electricity (Percentage of population) Access to electricity, urban (Percentage of urban population) Access to electricity, rural (Percentage of rural population)

Source: World Development Indicators.Weight: Population, Urban Population and Rural Population.

Table A.2.E: Productive CapacityScience, Technology and Innovation

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 17.80 22.40 24.10 35.70 32.90 39.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Benin 132.80 146.10 181.30 181.60 189.20 167.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Burkina Faso 153.30 209.30 183.50 201.90 219.80 221.80 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Burundi 8.50 10.70 16.30 14.90 12.20 10.70 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Central African Republic 13.30 10.50 11.80 18.70 13.60 28.90 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chad 8.40 6.20 7.30 8.70 12.40 11.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Comoros 3.90 1.60 13.90 1.50 2.50 4.60 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Congo, Dem. Rep. 50.00 78.90 84.30 120.00 131.30 112.80 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Djibouti 4.20 6.60 7.80 7.50 5.80 4.10 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4 .. .. .. ..Eritrea 13.30 5.20 10.60 7.50 9.70 8.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia 513.50 710.60 842.40 1025.00 1020.80 1121.00 4 .. 1 2 18 10 14 13 38 14 25 24 50 36 53 62Gambia, The 33.80 37.30 45.10 49.20 42.70 46.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 4 ..Guinea 11.20 11.60 11.30 23.80 27.30 38.00 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Guinea-Bissau 10.40 12.80 12.00 17.90 10.30 11.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lesotho 8.30 18.30 14.00 8.90 19.10 22.80 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Liberia 8.30 9.80 9.00 11.80 16.60 16.60 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Madagascar 98.00 93.20 118.00 122.00 120.40 102.80 3 4 4 5 3 6 9 9 61 44 51 34 19 36 51 46Malawi 166.80 171.60 159.70 186.90 197.00 203.10 .. .. .. .. 6 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 4 .. ..Mali 88.10 87.20 65.10 73.60 70.20 87.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mauritania 13.30 12.70 16.20 12.80 13.80 19.70 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mozambique 73.90 60.60 67.90 85.30 102.60 100.60 8 14 13 14 24 15 24 34 23 40 43 60 54 40 50 47Niger 31.90 32.00 32.70 49.60 56.10 56.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Rwanda 53.20 58.10 87.90 88.20 105.20 115.30 .. 40 .. 5 5 3 4 6 .. 70 .. 12 6 6 6 7Sao Tome and Principe 0.00 0.50 1.20 0.70 1.40 0.90 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 8 3 238 379 408Senegal 284.30 287.30 299.00 332.90 371.20 353.00 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sierra Leone 11.10 14.80 15.00 21.70 34.30 48.20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Somalia 2.90 1.40 6.30 6.20 4.50 3.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan 1.60 2.40 9.80 5.80 5.10 2.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan 298.40 270.40 359.20 242.50 255.20 368.80 249 269 267 284 281 349 252 .. 269 8 268 285 293 380Tanzania, United Republic of 415.30 396.40 407.70 548.00 547.00 539.20 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 25 2 .. 3 4 2 .. .. 25Togo 48.90 47.50 64.20 81.30 78.00 76.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Uganda 432.60 464.00 496.00 536.70 607.20 572.90 .. .. 10 5 9 16 .. 6 .. .. 14 8 9 16 .. 6Zambia 104.30 110.30 120.80 139.20 154.30 179.30 3 7 13 14 20 15 12 .. 24 38 39 39 32 33 22 ..Total, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. 267 65 311 45 353 352 344 442 402 206 455 196 448 696 858 981Articles per 1,000,000 people, Africa 5.75 6.15 6.66 7.26 7.42 7.54 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 42.70 35.00 27.30 33.30 23.50 80.40 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Bangladesh 1521.50 2052.90 2019.40 2361.50 2194.90 2546.10 37 67 60 44 41 77 61 69 306 354 303 293 340 344 302 368Bhutan 17.30 18.00 29.30 27.80 23.90 40.20 .. 3 3 1 4 .. .. .. 4 7 .. 8 5 3 ..Cambodia 72.00 75.80 85.70 94.30 111.40 116.90 .. .. 1 2 .. 3 .. .. 43 53 75 67 65 80 55 159Kiribati 0.00 1.00 1.10 1.90 1.40 2.20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 48.00 59.90 72.30 55.70 68.60 85.10 .. .. 1 1 1 3 1 43 53 70 44 62 63 100 59Myanmar 96.40 42.90 36.70 46.60 76.40 110.80 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Nepal 398.00 456.50 484.50 526.90 521.10 549.30 8 4 18 10 11 11 20 23 17 30 46 82 37 63Solomon Islands 7.50 5.00 4.30 6.60 10.90 14.00 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste 3.10 6.00 6.30 10.60 7.80 8.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tuvalu 0.00 0.00 0.30 1.10 1.10 0.40 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 7.90 6.40 7.30 9.70 10.90 13.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Yemen 109.80 112.10 129.90 148.10 106.10 111.20 7 36 43 29 5 16 15 .. 44 85 80 53 30 32 28Total, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 110 126 86 59 111 99 70 459 566 565 503 587 561 551 586Articles per 1,000,000 people, Asia and the Pacific 7.62 9.29 9.27 10.46 9.81 11.27 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 17.10 16.50 29.00 38.30 33.80 30.10 1 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. 14 17 11 21 .. .. .. ..Total, all LDCs .. .. .. .. .. .. 320 177 437 133 412 463 443 512 875 789 1031 720 1035 1257 1409 1567Articles per 1,000,000 people, all LDCs 6.37 7.21 7.53 8.33 8.19 8.75 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Scientific articles Patent applications, residents Patent applications, residents and non-residents

Source: World Development Indicators.Data downloaded in February 2020.

2001/2010 2011/2013 2014/2018 2001/2010 2011/2013 2014/2018 2001/2010 2011/2013 2014/2018 2001/2010 2011/2013 2014/2018AfricaAngola 4.30 .. 1.09 8.20 .. 4.92 29.20 .. 37.57 15.60 .. 19.04Benin 3.15 .. 1.10 8.54 .. 5.00 43.43 .. 32.20 19.70 .. 16.80Burkina Faso 5.91 1.60 1.97 15.54 8.10 8.65 34.71 31.30 21.09 26.23 20.90 16.17Burundi 1.41 .. 0.91 5.98 .. 5.09 57.60 .. 55.95 29.14 .. 29.33Central African Republic 3.05 1.79 .. 8.30 7.57 .. 40.74 39.62 .. 24.00 24.59 ..Chad 9.94 … 4.40 19.38 … 13.30 38.65 … 39.77 33.01 … 29.40Comors .. 4.46 .. .. 11.27 .. .. 31.12 .. .. 16.94 ..Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.22 2.86 .. 10.65 8.13 .. 43.40 42.69 .. 25.59 23.37 ..Djibouti 9.53 9.21 .. 19.43 21.60 .. 26.80 33.51 .. 24.36 29.91 ..Eritrea 4.50 .. .. 15.26 .. .. 52.03 .. .. 39.39 .. ..Ethiopia 4.67 2.88 3.01 12.39 9.78 9.99 50.39 44.39 38.40 34.41 29.19 23.57Gambia, The 2.23 4.32 .. 9.70 11.04 .. 23.43 24.57 .. 17.58 16.48 ..Guinea .. 2.58 .. .. 7.54 .. .. 32.59 .. .. 17.28 ..Guinea-Bissau 0.90 .. 1.40 5.80 .. 5.96 32.20 .. 27.61 18.10 .. 17.03Lesotho 1.53 .. 0.61 3.81 .. 2.85 39.31 .. 33.40 13.45 .. 10.54Liberia 0.20 2.00 .. 2.80 5.63 .. 41.80 32.08 .. 14.90 15.32 ..Madagascar .. 1.29 .. .. 7.87 .. 49.35 48.89 .. .. 32.88 ..Malawi 1.55 .. 0.62 4.06 .. 2.77 47.25 .. 37.39 13.85 .. 11.78Mali 2.17 .. 3.36 9.05 .. 13.49 27.81 .. 30.42 19.07 .. 25.00Mauritania 1.10 1.90 3.50 8.10 11.60 14.83 23.00 22.00 27.91 15.90 19.50 24.86Mozambique 1.30 2.38 .. 4.19 6.15 .. 43.54 42.94 .. 18.21 15.60 ..Niger 4.33 6.73 2.10 12.54 18.23 10.11 54.77 43.55 40.56 39.91 37.97 31.39Rwanda 0.90 .. 0.56 2.91 .. 2.13 44.33 .. 37.57 11.71 .. 9.25Sao Tome and Principe 5.12 .. 0.78 11.63 .. 4.00 30.59 .. 17.20 14.82 .. 8.75Senegal 2.28 1.93 1.46 8.67 9.05 9.01 19.86 18.73 16.51 14.54 16.66 14.45Sierra Leone 4.76 4.41 .. 10.00 9.46 .. 44.41 37.82 .. 22.88 18.19 ..Somalia 5.17 .. .. 14.95 .. .. 25.30 .. .. 23.03 .. ..South Sudan 11.92 .. .. 24.33 .. .. 31.28 .. .. 29.08 .. ..Sudan 5.14 .. 5.07 16.31 .. 16.77 34.10 .. 38.24 30.49 .. 33.49Tanzania, United Republic of 1.32 1.50 1.21 4.88 4.54 4.50 42.10 37.15 34.46 16.13 13.08 13.66Togo 1.32 .. 1.47 5.10 .. 6.64 29.74 .. 27.58 16.79 .. 16.10Uganda 2.17 0.94 1.31 6.20 4.75 3.47 38.35 33.74 28.92 16.32 12.44 10.35Zambia 2.33 2.48 .. 5.59 6.24 .. 45.80 39.99 .. 14.90 14.88 ..Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 3.50 4.00 .. 8.60 9.50 .. 59.30 40.90 .. 32.90 25.00 ..Bangladesh 2.90 4.90 3.23 17.48 18.10 14.38 43.19 38.70 36.18 41.29 35.10 32.84Bhutan 2.05 .. .. 5.85 .. .. 33.51 .. .. 12.67 .. ..Cambodia 2.85 .. 2.49 11.03 .. 9.84 39.80 .. 32.44 28.92 .. 24.14Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.90 .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 1.65 1.87 .. 7.39 6.38 .. 47.67 44.18 .. 31.60 26.88 ..Myanmar 2.10 .. 1.30 7.90 .. 6.63 35.10 .. 29.37 22.60 .. 18.55Nepal 2.69 2.93 1.91 12.69 11.16 9.64 49.23 40.51 36.02 38.52 29.09 27.25Solomon Islands 1.40 .. 3.62 4.30 .. 8.47 32.80 .. 31.64 11.50 .. 16.17Timor-Leste 7.58 2.27 .. 18.91 10.53 .. 57.55 50.88 .. 44.88 37.47 ..Tuvalu 0.90 .. .. 3.30 .. .. 10.00 .. .. 1.60 .. ..Vanuatu 1.92 1.10 .. 5.88 4.40 .. 25.66 28.50 .. 11.54 10.70 ..Yemen 6.30 5.41 .. 15.20 16.42 .. 57.70 46.41 .. 43.10 39.94 ..Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 3.26 1.27 0.83 10.22 5.14 3.72 29.62 22.04 21.95 18.86 11.62 9.46Average, all LDCs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Data downloaded in March 2020.Definitions: Severe Wasting - Percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus three standard Wasting – Moderate and severe: Percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two standard deviations from median weight-for-height of the WHO Child Growth Standards.Stunting – Moderate and severe: Percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two standard deviations from median height-for-age of the WHO Child Growth Standards.Underweight – Moderate and severe: Percentage of children aged 0–59 months who are below minus two standard deviations from median weight-for-age of the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards.

Source: Joint Monitoring Programme of WHO/UNICEF/ World Bank.

Table A.3.A: AgricultureNutrition

Children agend <5 years, severe wasting (Percentage of children aged 0-59 months)

Children agend <5 years, wasted (Percentage of children 0-59 months)

Children agend <5 years, stunting (Percentage of children 0-59 months)

Children agend <5 years, underweight (Percentage of children 0-59 months)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Africa

Angola 147.50 118.36 154.51 128.49 127.04 130.35Benin 109.34 112.41 119.10 120.42 110.70 111.76Burkina Faso 89.62 101.42 99.49 95.47 89.66 90.20Burundi 84.07 71.66 99.03 81.40 73.44 75.99Central African Republic 111.41 112.82 113.86 107.42 109.23 109.55Chad 90.31 123.35 107.81 105.48 101.18 104.30Comoros 91.97 86.41 87.93 85.48 85.53 84.13Congo, Dem. Rep. 89.42 87.40 83.71 81.35 78.71 75.72Djibouti 118.57 119.39 116.51 114.18 112.24 110.71Eritrea 90.64 90.59 88.70 86.31 84.11 83.64Ethiopia 119.35 122.15 122.68 125.42 130.76 122.62Gambia, The 76.02 86.56 78.07 67.15 73.55 75.01Guinea 109.60 109.96 111.22 106.00 105.72 105.15Guinea-Bissau 109.11 111.78 113.71 109.04 108.91 108.54Lesotho 105.14 100.75 102.72 101.54 87.68 84.54Liberia 85.81 88.68 83.35 80.16 81.32 80.28Madagascar 103.44 105.18 93.74 93.83 88.72 87.18Malawi 137.41 140.21 145.95 124.47 112.77 105.65Mali 115.02 116.21 111.04 113.30 115.11 121.91Mauritania 91.11 94.26 92.20 92.24 93.85 87.49Mozambique 130.01 125.82 100.34 110.19 104.96 108.04Niger 103.37 108.56 107.58 108.13 110.33 114.02Rwanda 128.13 134.03 132.95 121.96 115.78 105.93Sao Tome and Principe 90.61 90.25 95.93 100.70 88.41 85.12Senegal 91.97 102.56 96.53 96.41 119.62 105.70Sierra Leone 134.50 135.52 138.94 137.37 132.07 149.02Somalia 90.47 90.19 92.63 84.81 81.72 78.44South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. .. .. .. .. ..Tanzania, United Republic of 114.40 118.12 133.04 137.12 137.82 117.46Togo 115.90 111.06 100.36 111.20 109.16 106.09Uganda 74.15 70.41 69.82 69.33 66.69 63.11Zambia 147.21 149.38 143.50 144.64 136.80 132.97Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. ..

Asia and the Pacific

Afghanistan 93.55 99.80 94.53 94.80 88.76 90.52Bangladesh 123.41 122.90 123.73 126.24 125.63 127.08Bhutan 94.26 87.67 82.82 83.32 82.26 83.90Cambodia 153.34 155.28 154.91 152.12 151.63 156.43Kiribati 53.71 52.74 51.36 50.83 49.99 49.01Lao People's Dem. Rep. 130.71 142.40 146.11 168.63 182.76 186.77Myanmar 125.76 121.12 123.83 125.43 126.30 125.59Nepal 115.18 130.87 120.70 125.39 123.70 123.87Solomon Islands 97.69 95.66 96.06 95.68 92.97 88.27Timor-Leste 97.13 103.68 97.61 95.02 93.01 89.79Tuvalu 98.99 99.54 100.91 99.73 99.80 99.95Vanuatu 108.13 107.15 111.04 99.16 97.18 96.01Yemen 113.12 116.37 111.23 107.25 102.10 105.17Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. ..

Latin America and the Caribbean

Haiti 127.25 126.65 134.75 135.74 137.46 132.05Average, all LDCs 111.45 110.05 111.09 111.16 109.30 107.93

Averages were provided by UN Food and Agricultural Organization.Data downloaded in March 2020.

Gross per capita production index number (2004 - 2006 = 100)

Source: UN Food and Agricultural Organization.

Agricultural Productivity

Table A.3.B: Agriculture

Table A.3.C: AgricultureFertilizer Consumption

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017AfricaAngola 11.28 8.36 8.75 8.75 7.60 6.83 10.03Benin 3.58 8.35 3.97 6.42 0.10 8.19 0.01Burkina Faso 10.54 13.34 15.21 15.62 16.02 21.42 17.88Burundi 4.02 4.39 7.20 8.37 6.45 11.17 13.75Central African Republic 0.42 0.27 0.14 0.01 0.33 0.21 0.19Chad .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Comoros .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.88 0.42 0.78 1.45 1.51 1.28 1.60Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Eritrea .. 0.97 1.19 1.46 2.32 2.78 2.56Ethiopia .. 28.47 16.91 23.38 10.22 12.59 18.24Gambia, The 10.16 2.62 0.41 0.46 0.55 0.68 0.38Guinea 2.89 2.37 2.34 0.83 0.73 2.25 12.74Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lesotho .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Liberia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Madagascar 3.51 5.87 1.15 2.19 1.71 2.40 10.82Malawi 28.45 24.74 27.66 37.68 30.35 25.30 29.69Mali 21.53 20.25 25.28 30.49 36.85 43.22 33.99Mauritania .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mozambique 6.98 5.34 5.62 7.16 3.97 4.34 4.88Niger 0.48 0.92 0.63 0.99 0.40 0.39 0.38Rwanda 0.08 4.17 9.22 10.36 16.20 8.92 8.92Sao Tome and Principe .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal 6.70 10.32 12.13 11.48 15.95 16.28 17.07Sierra Leone .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tanzania, United Republic of 7.40 6.67 9.68 7.68 7.69 10.87 10.46Togo 9.41 4.89 19.72 0.55 9.40 10.37 5.62Uganda 1.34 1.61 1.85 1.38 1.22 1.45 1.57Zambia 45.69 37.28 48.49 49.99 55.39 63.39 71.37Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 3.77 2.34 4.80 9.99 3.94 13.37 19.91Bangladesh 230.27 234.46 229.76 251.94 269.99 261.46 274.36Bhutan 11.61 9.51 10.81 12.63 13.13 12.51 12.56Cambodia 15.64 23.15 17.95 26.68 28.80 20.84 20.84Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Myanmar 13.20 13.73 17.13 21.36 20.85 15.59 34.10Nepal 33.22 24.31 49.49 61.23 67.35 63.45 59.54Solomon Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Yemen .. 12.86 24.34 17.82 1.44 15.01 10.67Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, all LDCs 22.83 20.37 20.40 23.05 22.61 23.79 26.40


* aggregated measure of three fertilizers: N, P2O5, K2O.

Source: UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and calculations by OHRLLS.

Fertilizer consumption (Use per area of cropland in kg/ha)*

Note: The reported average is the sum of the calculated LDC group aggregate for each individual fertilizer provided by FAO.

Table A.4.A: Trade and CommoditiesExports

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Africa

Angola 0.367 0.384 0.360 0.312 0.201 0.172 0.195 0.210Benin 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.013 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013Burkina Faso 0.013 0.012 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.016 0.016 0.017Burundi 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001Central African Republic 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001Chad 0.026 0.026 0.020 0.022 0.013 0.011 0.008 0.010Comoros 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.036 0.034 0.033 0.042 0.035 0.034 0.045 0.045Djibouti 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001Eritrea 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004Ethiopia 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.015Gambia, The 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001Guinea 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.015 0.026 0.020Guinea-Bissau 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002Lesotho 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006Liberia 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003Madagascar 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.016Malawi 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005Mali 0.013 0.014 0.012 0.015 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.018Mauritania 0.015 0.014 0.014 0.010 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.010Mozambique 0.020 0.021 0.021 0.023 0.021 0.021 0.027 0.027Niger 0.007 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.007Rwanda 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.006Sao Tome and Principe 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Senegal 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.016 0.017 0.019Sierra Leone 0.002 0.006 0.010 0.008 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003Somalia 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.001 0.002South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. 0.022 0.025 0.023 0.019 0.019 0.023 0.018Tanzania, United Republic of 0.026 0.030 0.024 0.024 0.029 0.028 0.023 0.020Togo 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006Uganda 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.014 0.015 0.016 0.016Zambia 0.049 0.051 0.056 0.051 0.040 0.040 0.045 0.046Total, Africa 0.729 0.724 0.704 0.665 0.521 0.502 0.558 0.564Asia and the Pacific

Afghanistan 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004Bangladesh 0.133 0.136 0.154 0.160 0.196 0.218 0.202 0.202Bhutan 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003Cambodia 0.037 0.042 0.035 0.036 0.052 0.063 0.068 0.072Kiribati 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Lao People's Dem. Rep. 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.022 0.026 0.027 0.027Myanmar 0.050 0.048 0.059 0.060 0.069 0.074 0.078 0.086Nepal 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004Solomon Islands 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003Timor-Leste 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Tuvalu 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Vanuatu 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000Yemen 0.053 0.045 0.044 0.041 0.012 0.004 0.009 0.013Total, Asia and the Pacfiic 0.299 0.296 0.317 0.325 0.364 0.400 0.400 0.414Latin America and the Caribbean

Haiti 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.006 0.006Total, all LDCs 1.032 1.025 1.026 0.995 0.890 0.909 0.964 0.984

Data downloaded in January 2020.

Percentage of exports in world's total exports

Source: UNCTAD.

Table A.4.B: Trade and CommoditiesExports

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Benin 0.92 0.92 0.85 0.83 0.84 0.90 0.91 0.89Burkina Faso 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.97Burundi 0.89 0.88 0.93 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.92 0.93Central African Republic 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.93 0.64 0.78 0.54 0.65Chad 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.98Comoros 0.72 0.67 0.71 0.72 0.76 0.74 0.70 0.65Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.90 0.94 0.92 0.96 0.92 0.95 0.89 0.94Djibouti 0.80 0.67 0.77 0.77 0.61 0.65 0.66 0.66Eritrea 0.91 0.65 0.77 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.80 0.64Ethiopia 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.88 0.77 0.86 0.84Gambia, The 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.68 0.73 0.89 0.91 0.90Guinea 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.92Guinea-Bissau 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98Lesotho 0.34 0.33 0.37 0.52 0.43 0.44 0.40 0.45Liberia 0.65 0.76 0.66 0.57 0.48 0.64 0.53 0.71Madagascar 0.63 0.65 0.65 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.75 0.68Malawi 0.86 0.88 0.85 0.80 0.86 0.90 0.93 0.91Mali 0.87 0.92 0.91 0.94 0.91 0.93 0.89 0.93Mauritania 0.81 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.84Mozambique 0.93 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.89 0.96 0.96Niger 0.65 0.41 0.53 0.66 0.62 0.74 0.66 0.65Rwanda 0.91 0.90 0.93 0.81 0.84 0.92 0.90 0.90Sao Tome and Principe 0.44 0.51 0.73 0.66 0.78 0.85 0.86 0.86Senegal 0.67 0.71 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.73Sierra Leone 0.66 0.72 0.78 0.95 0.89 0.89 0.85 0.72Somalia 0.92 0.97 0.91 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.86South-Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.97Tanzania, United Republic of 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.81 0.84 0.86 0.65Togo 0.61 0.68 0.63 0.67 0.69 0.67 0.73 0.71Uganda 0.72 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.75 0.84 0.85Zambia 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.88 0.86Average, Africa 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.91Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 0.72 0.68 0.63 0.65 0.86 0.89 0.90 0.93Bangladesh 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05Bhutan 0.32 0.44 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.32 0.39 0.37Cambodia 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.10Kiribati 0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.98 0.98 0.97Lao People's Dem. Rep. 0.86 0.85 0.87 0.85 0.72 0.70 0.75 0.74Myanmar 0.81 0.87 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.74 0.68 0.62Nepal 0.26 0.31 0.27 0.32 0.32 0.29 0.32 0.29Solomon Islands 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.82 0.97 0.98 0.98Timor-Leste 0.73 0.52 0.52 0.93 0.95 0.74 0.90 0.82Tuvalu 0.87 0.59 0.81 0.52 0.65 0.61 0.60 0.61Vanuatu 0.27 0.27 0.48 0.80 0.79 0.76 0.66 0.83Yemen 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.93Average, Asia and the Pacific 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.27Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12Average, all LDCs 0.78 0.78 0.75 0.75 0.66 0.62 0.65 0.64


Exports of primary commodities, precious stones and non-monetary gold (Percentage of exports for all products)

Source: UNCTAD and calculations by OHRLLS. Exports correspond to (SITC 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 68 + 667+ 971) Weight: Exports of Total Products (thousands of US dollars).

Table A.4.C: Trade and CommoditiesExports

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 66427 70863 67713 58672 33048 27478 34474 40594Benin 1410 1443 1982 2560 1682 1774 2216 2451Burkina Faso 2312 2411 2356 2453 2177 2520 2790 3158Burundi 123 134 94 142 114 123 172 169Central African Republic 190 203 116 99 86 115 140 152Chad 4800 4800 3800 4194 2200 1800 1500 2000Comoros 26 20 21 26 17 31 38 42Congo, Dem. Rep. 6600 6300 6300 7915 5800 5400 7900 8800Djibouti 93 118 120 129 134 139 142 168Eritrea 418 467 307 613 485 424 546 664Ethiopia 2615 2891 3112 3427 3050 2919 3163 2831Gambia, The 95 119 106 104 90 94 106 102Guinea 1374 1834 1780 1947 1781 2414 4594 3978Guinea-Bissau 242 131 153 166 252 277 329 349Lesotho 1172 972 847 818 929 881 1028 1175Liberia 367 460 559 444 283 279 358 490Madagascar 1590 1516 1923 2243 2164 2261 2847 3050Malawi 1425 1183 1208 1342 1080 1022 884 1046Mali 2374 2610 2348 2792 2735 2848 2896 3437Mauritania 2458 2624 2463 2140 1462 1401 1722 1885Mozambique 3604 3470 4024 4725 3543 3352 4719 5196Niger 1250 1380 1585 1445 1087 927 1084 1162Rwanda 464 591 703 653 682 727 1050 1126Sao Tome and Principe 11 12 13 17 11 14 15 16Senegal 2542 2532 2661 2750 2612 2640 2989 3623Sierra Leone 350 1122 1917 1552 512 600 567 554Somalia 520 540 520 510 440 440 260 340South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. 4066 4790 4350 3169 3147 4241 3604Tanzania, United Republic of 4735 5547 4413 4628 4834 4742 4178 3669Togo 1179 1314 1519 1324 1011 1036 1016 1147Uganda 2159 2357 2408 2262 2267 2482 2901 3087Zambia 9001 9365 10594 9688 6983 6614 8158 9052Total, Africa 121928 133394 132451 126129 86719 80920 99023 109118Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 376 429 515 571 571 596 780 875Bangladesh 24314 24514 29114 30103 31734 34200 35137 38471Bhutan 675 531 540 579 545 521 568 601Cambodia 6704 7838 6666 6846 8542 10069 12089 13950Kiribati 9 6 7 10 10 11 15 13Lao People's Dem. Rep. 2190 2271 2264 2572 3653 4245 4873 5295Myanmar 9238 9053 11436 11452 11432 11673 13879 16672Nepal 908 871 863 901 660 729 741 785Solomon Islands 412 466 489 458 400 437 500 569Timor-Leste 13 31 18 16 18 21 24 48Tuvalu 0.30 0.30 0.04 0.24 0.21 0.23 0.05 0.16Vanuatu 64 52 37 47 31 43 42 55Yemen 9700 8300 8300 7792 1911 651 1601 2552Total, Asia and the Pacific 54601 54361 60248 61346 59509 63195 70249 79886Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 772 821 892 957 888 1049 1006 1086Total, all LDCs 177301 188576 193591 188432 147116 145165 170279 190090


Exports, total all products (in $US million, annual)

Source: UNCTAD and calculations by OHRLLS.

Table A.4.D: Trade and CommoditiesExports

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 33.04 5.62 -4.00 -13.30 -43.92 -16.85 25.46 17.75Benin 10.03 2.30 37.38 29.17 -34.30 5.50 24.89 10.63Burkina Faso 50.78 -9.04 7.95 4.12 -11.27 15.28 14.59 13.17Burundi 22.04 8.10 -29.43 40.11 -8.62 3.24 38.02 4.88Central African Republic 35.71 6.91 -42.90 -15.07 -12.97 33.97 22.22 8.43Chad 33.33 0.00 -20.83 10.36 -47.54 -18.18 -16.67 33.33Comoros 25.16 -24.37 5.19 26.21 -34.55 80.78 25.19 9.54Congo, Dem. Rep. 24.53 -4.55 0.00 25.63 -26.72 -6.90 46.30 11.39Djibouti 8.89 27.29 1.38 7.97 3.42 4.04 2.39 18.27Eritrea 3207.69 11.63 -34.26 99.74 -20.86 -12.50 28.62 21.75Ethiopia 23.41 0.56 7.63 10.13 -11.02 -4.29 8.36 -10.50Gambia, The 38.98 25.22 -10.64 -2.08 -13.35 4.32 12.64 -3.87Guinea -2.61 34.54 -2.14 9.55 -13.80 35.53 90.31 -13.41Guinea-Bissau 91.17 -45.85 16.62 8.66 51.91 9.63 18.90 6.06Lesotho 33.56 -17.05 -12.89 -2.44 12.37 -5.09 16.59 14.36Liberia 65.32 25.20 21.70 -20.53 -36.25 -1.38 28.20 36.88Madagascar 38.32 -4.66 26.83 14.22 -6.73 10.03 26.39 7.13Malawi 33.68 -17.00 2.12 13.37 -21.13 -5.36 -13.53 18.35Mali 18.95 9.93 -10.40 18.68 -2.13 4.03 2.48 18.68Mauritania 32.58 -3.93 0.42 -27.02 -28.25 0.87 22.97 9.46Mozambique 20.14 6.98 4.37 9.85 -22.79 -2.49 41.98 9.95Niger 8.70 16.00 9.30 -8.86 -24.71 -5.15 16.88 7.21Rwanda 56.15 27.27 18.99 2.86 -5.68 6.53 44.54 7.20Sao Tome and Principe 1.02 10.22 5.92 33.59 -34.32 20.60 11.19 5.68Senegal 17.61 -0.40 5.11 3.35 -5.04 1.10 13.21 21.22Sierra Leone 2.49 220.80 70.87 -19.04 -67.03 17.27 -5.50 -2.31Somalia 15.56 3.85 -3.70 -1.92 -13.73 0.00 -40.91 30.77South-Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. .. 17.79 -9.18 -27.15 -2.38 32.54 -15.02Tanzania, United Republic of 16.90 17.15 -17.82 1.51 4.45 -6.91 -8.60 -3.19Togo 20.74 11.45 15.61 -12.82 -23.68 2.49 -1.89 12.87Uganda 33.39 9.19 2.13 -6.05 0.22 9.50 16.89 6.41Zambia 25.01 4.04 13.19 -8.55 -31.85 -3.54 25.65 12.94Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan -3.25 14.12 20.07 10.77 0.17 4.38 30.77 12.21Bangladesh 27.32 2.81 15.87 4.44 6.49 7.77 2.74 9.49Bhutan 5.20 -20.67 1.57 7.27 -5.82 -4.45 9.15 5.73Cambodia 30.35 16.91 -14.96 2.70 24.78 17.87 20.06 15.39Kiribati 120.80 -32.36 14.77 51.99 -1.34 5.04 44.96 -14.70Lao People's Dem. Rep. 25.38 3.70 -0.30 17.58 37.24 16.19 14.80 8.65Myanmar 6.66 -3.91 26.54 1.96 -0.21 3.52 17.31 19.90Nepal 7.42 -0.89 -3.54 1.16 -18.93 -3.43 6.65 5.94Solomon Islands 86.93 19.53 -2.65 -5.78 -12.67 9.22 14.27 4.84Timor-Leste -19.48 133.24 -42.62 -12.38 16.57 11.06 17.13 99.26Tuvalu 0.00 0.00 -85.67 460.47 -12.03 8.49 -78.26 220.00Vanuatu 38.07 -18.72 -28.74 61.29 -38.24 29.24 -6.94 35.00Yemen 19.75 -14.43 0.00 -6.12 -75.48 -65.94 145.93 59.46Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 32.44 6.30 8.62 7.34 -7.24 18.19 -4.11 7.93Average, all LDCs 24.19 0.23 2.48 -2.77 -22.08 -1.12 17.44 11.93

Averages were provided by UNCTAD.Data downloaded in March 2020.

Annual average growth rate of exports

Source: UNCTAD.

Table A.4.E: Trade and CommoditiesExports

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 0.94 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93Benin 0.29 0.31 0.28 0.36 0.31 0.33 0.36 0.37Burkina Faso 0.61 0.70 0.62 0.56 0.64 0.66 0.66 0.66Burundi 0.52 0.48 0.64 0.55 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.44Central African Republic 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.49 0.36 0.38 0.32 0.34Chad 0.89 0.80 0.90 0.85 0.86 0.75 0.77 0.76Comoros 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.68 0.70 0.67 0.62 0.56Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.37 0.48 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.39 0.54Djibouti 0.30 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.18Eritrea 0.59 0.59 0.43 0.54 0.53 0.31 0.39 0.31Ethiopia 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.29Gambia, The 0.24 0.34 0.35 0.32 0.40 0.41 0.49 0.45Guinea 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.50Guinea-Bissau 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.88 0.88Lesotho 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.31 0.28 0.28 0.34 0.29Liberia 0.40 0.34 0.42 0.49 0.52 0.34 0.45 0.39Madagascar 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.35 0.21Malawi 0.43 0.50 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.52 0.61 0.56Mali 0.59 0.70 0.70 0.78 0.70 0.73 0.61 0.72Mauritania 0.42 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.31Mozambique 0.41 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.31Niger 0.41 0.40 0.35 0.41 0.39 0.30 0.35 0.35Rwanda 0.50 0.39 0.46 0.37 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.38Sao Tome and Principe 0.44 0.44 0.61 0.59 0.65 0.77 0.62 0.69Senegal 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.24Sierra Leone 0.24 0.29 0.44 0.70 0.35 0.26 0.30 0.23Somalia 0.62 0.75 0.72 0.75 0.74 0.67 0.50 0.41South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. 0.56 0.67 0.64 0.42 0.44 0.44 0.44Tanzania, United Republic of 0.29 0.34 0.32 0.25 0.25 0.31 0.30 0.21Togo 0.21 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.24Uganda 0.22 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.23 0.27Zambia 0.68 0.64 0.62 0.65 0.63 0.66 0.67 0.68Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 0.26 0.28 0.25 0.29 0.35 0.32 0.37 0.40Bangladesh 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.40Bhutan 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.39Cambodia 0.33 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.30Kiribati 0.75 0.82 0.90 0.82 0.93 0.90 0.89 0.92Lao People's Dem. Rep. 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.24Myanmar 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.38 0.40 0.29 0.24 0.22Nepal 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14Solomon Islands 0.58 0.56 0.60 0.66 0.61 0.71 0.65 0.71Timor-Leste 0.39 0.88 0.64 0.53 0.87 0.43 0.58 0.50Tuvalu 0.75 0.62 0.74 0.52 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.58Vanuatu 0.73 0.62 0.17 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.28 0.24Yemen 0.62 0.65 0.54 0.56 0.44 0.40 0.38 0.38Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 0.51 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.51Average, all LDCs 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.34 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.23

Averages were provided by UNCTAD.Data downloaded in March 2020.

Product concentration index - Exports

Source: UNCTAD.

Table A.5.A: Human and Social DevelopmentEducation and Training

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 78.02 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42.54 .. .. .. 50.03 .. .. .. 26.48 .. .. .. .. 50.67 .. .. 27.42 .. .. .. .. 26.77 .. ..Benin 94.81 95.51 .. 96.36 .. .. 97.03 97.21 44.20 44.15 43.73 45.92 45.04 41.64 43.57 39.20 49.13 .. 55.97 56.24 58.85 59.04 .. .. .. .. 9.82 9.92 10.32 10.99 .. ..Burkina Faso 64.89 65.68 66.59 67.80 69.39 75.21 76.42 78.65 52.69 48.24 46.10 44.50 42.18 41.55 40.68 39.72 23.84 25.93 28.37 30.35 33.72 35.79 38.12 40.71 26.49 26.33 26.91 27.09 25.20 23.38 23.33 23.12Burundi .. .. .. .. .. .. 94.88 92.80 48.31 47.10 45.00 43.65 43.22 49.66 49.61 42.52 26.12 28.72 33.41 39.41 44.35 47.48 49.25 48.47 29.38 29.71 31.66 37.22 35.79 32.13 28.03 26.60Central African Republic 63.82 66.30 .. .. .. .. .. .. 81.31 80.12 .. .. .. 83.41 .. .. 17.62 17.39 .. .. .. 15.04 17.14 .. 66.82 68.13 .. .. .. 34.63 31.64 ..Chad 61.67 .. 78.09 79.10 73.15 .. .. 62.59 61.27 62.43 56.17 55.54 56.89 .. .. 23.07 22.32 24.68 23.04 22.42 22.56 .. 31.98 29.77 35.77 36.61 27.45 27.13 .. ..Comoros .. .. 84.63 80.85 .. .. 79.84 .. 27.75 .. 27.81 .. .. .. 18.90 .. .. .. 59.98 61.09 .. .. 55.51 .. .. .. 8.71 8.62 .. .. 5.31 ..Congo, Dem. Rep. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37.37 34.75 37.07 35.32 33.20 .. .. .. 43.32 43.23 42.91 45.50 46.17 .. .. .. 15.22 15.34 14.20 14.59 14.24 .. .. ..Djibouti 58.17 .. 58.88 61.38 60.72 57.25 59.96 61.80 35.24 34.93 34.22 33.24 33.02 31.10 30.42 29.37 40.86 43.86 45.25 46.17 46.76 48.11 47.85 51.46 27.90 26.56 25.13 24.54 22.77 23.75 22.73 25.42Eritrea 65.78 67.72 64.41 63.26 59.76 .. 51.75 .. 40.46 40.93 45.67 42.47 43.34 .. 39.25 .. 55.62 59.33 59.89 58.95 51.82 .. 47.49 .. 39.49 37.89 38.48 40.59 38.88 .. 36.57 ..Ethiopia 77.23 78.49 .. 85.10 84.62 .. .. .. 55.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36.00 37.58 .. .. 34.94 .. .. .. 40.33 40.35 .. .. .. .. .. ..Gambia, The 65.36 67.58 65.84 68.70 71.90 73.65 76.10 76.82 37.62 33.87 36.13 44.69 37.14 .. 38.68 36.14 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Guinea 72.47 73.05 74.11 76.90 76.02 .. .. 44.08 43.56 44.21 45.59 .. 47.15 .. .. 37.60 37.81 .. 39.33 .. .. .. .. 33.14 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lesotho 88.93 89.20 86.38 87.36 88.61 90.58 93.31 .. 33.88 34.08 32.63 32.78 33.09 33.76 32.95 .. 59.76 62.18 60.41 60.22 60.68 58.52 62.01 .. 24.77 24.69 24.14 23.47 23.95 23.17 25.34 ..Liberia 40.79 .. .. 38.39 38.18 49.43 44.26 .. 26.83 .. .. 26.50 30.45 21.52 22.32 .. 46.36 .. .. 38.57 37.90 .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.88 18.39 .. .. ..Madagascar .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 95.60 43.24 43.07 39.77 41.72 41.19 40.61 .. 39.81 36.75 38.11 .. 38.35 38.51 38.31 36.90 36.53 .. 27.64 .. 23.12 .. .. 20.04 19.30Malawi .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 76.07 74.09 69.15 72.72 69.51 .. .. 58.68 35.09 35.32 38.44 40.21 40.77 39.18 39.89 40.28 42.13 41.52 41.68 39.21 37.90 .. .. 72.31Mali 64.88 62.85 58.63 59.29 55.64 56.98 61.28 58.94 48.47 41.30 42.47 42.71 39.09 38.22 37.83 41.23 .. 41.82 44.02 41.72 42.99 41.52 41.03 24.72 .. 19.28 18.89 19.19 19.48 17.43 ..Mauritania 72.45 71.16 74.55 76.29 .. 73.11 77.82 79.57 39.29 40.13 35.38 34.38 35.81 36.37 36.35 34.28 22.90 27.26 30.10 30.71 31.42 32.68 32.57 36.83 .. .. .. 33.09 33.55 26.37 23.71 25.92Mozambique 87.49 87.74 88.89 89.91 91.51 90.77 89.87 93.93 55.42 54.84 54.92 54.83 54.66 53.61 52.44 55.27 26.00 25.51 34.09 33.38 33.57 .. 35.41 .. 33.23 33.07 41.49 40.05 39.69 36.54 ..Niger 58.72 60.38 60.83 60.13 61.63 63.57 65.12 .. 39.00 38.76 36.31 35.75 36.63 36.26 36.34 13.88 15.06 16.25 18.20 20.09 23.12 24.25 .. 34.68 26.77 25.11 27.96 26.74 29.73 ..Rwanda .. .. .. .. .. 98.84 96.93 94.79 58.09 59.28 59.82 58.25 58.34 58.46 57.86 59.51 35.59 38.31 40.72 40.09 37.85 37.27 38.88 40.90 23.70 22.91 22.79 21.65 19.21 18.58 20.09 28.25Sao Tome and Principe .. .. 88.51 88.41 87.95 .. 93.08 .. 29.80 28.65 31.38 32.73 38.78 32.15 31.16 50.46 58.08 64.53 75.04 82.50 83.19 89.34 19.77 24.45 20.75 24.82 .. ..Senegal 72.24 74.27 73.18 73.74 73.85 73.53 75.38 .. 33.31 32.69 32.25 32.23 32.09 31.74 32.81 36.32 41.42 45.33 48.13 50.26 50.94 48.82 46.12 43.70 26.90 24.84 26.06 25.07 20.37 19.65 18.88 ..Sierra Leone .. 94.57 96.38 .. 95.12 98.11 .. .. 31.33 32.99 34.83 .. 33.75 37.33 39.44 27.52 39.49 44.00 38.92 .. 39.06 41.43 41.80 .. 20.51 21.69 20.66 .. 20.54 22.04 .. ..Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan 43.39 .. .. .. 35.21 .. .. .. 49.90 .. .. .. 46.75 .. .. .. 9.69 .. .. .. 11.01 .. .. .. .. .. 27.47 .. .. ..Sudan 58.75 55.15 56.06 56.32 56.97 59.18 60.01 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37.56 41.23 43.61 44.85 45.62 44.13 46.62 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tanzania, United Republic of .. 87.50 83.95 83.32 83.50 83.58 81.33 .. 45.83 43.44 43.06 .. 41.77 47.15 50.63 .. .. .. 30.75 27.14 26.71 27.35 29.44 .. .. .. 23.52 .. 15.94 17.11 20.86Togo .. .. .. 90.32 94.54 89.86 90.92 94.55 40.95 41.68 41.09 41.14 41.71 41.40 40.13 40.15 55.76 .. .. .. .. .. 61.85 .. 26.25 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Uganda 94.67 .. 95.49 .. .. .. .. .. 47.78 48.80 45.59 .. 42.92 42.72 42.66 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Zambia 87.94 89.21 86.61 .. .. .. 83.17 .. 55.86 49.22 47.95 41.05 42.74 43.32 42.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 43.52 44.68 45.71 .. 44.33 .. 44.01 .. 51.76 53.62 53.58 52.58 52.59 50.65 53.80 .. .. .. .. .. 37.72 42.68 38.67 ..Bangladesh .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30.05 52.43 55.21 60.17 .. 65.63 71.42 69.66 72.69 30.62 32.24 35.20 36.19 33.98 35.10Bhutan 87.89 90.24 88.34 .. 88.17 87.53 87.43 88.03 25.38 23.99 28.68 40.31 40.00 38.04 34.56 34.67 67.25 71.70 75.61 82.72 84.02 85.35 87.87 90.09 20.54 19.89 13.78 14.30 12.15 11.42 11.01 10.81Cambodia 97.52 97.41 .. 95.05 95.27 92.76 90.54 90.27 47.29 45.72 46.93 44.63 45.52 42.53 41.66 41.70 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Kiribati .. .. .. 97.43 95.77 97.48 94.69 .. .. .. 26.37 25.73 25.49 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 94.33 94.32 96.24 96.54 94.89 94.00 92.49 91.47 26.81 27.13 25.60 25.16 24.16 22.96 22.34 22.34 45.78 49.03 53.21 58.92 63.43 66.31 67.51 67.36 19.89 18.61 17.73 18.34 18.72 18.35 18.13 18.15Myanmar .. .. .. 96.13 .. .. 97.66 .. .. .. 27.56 22.04 23.05 .. .. .. .. 51.79 60.32 64.28 .. .. .. .. 31.80 .. 24.05 26.42 ..Nepal 99.14 99.71 .. 98.79 98.10 98.18 96.33 .. 29.61 27.53 25.63 23.93 23.10 22.42 20.91 .. 60.26 63.75 65.35 66.88 67.84 70.78 74.08 .. 29.70 29.57 29.18 28.84 28.57 28.90 28.82 ..Solomon Islands .. .. 70.55 70.23 70.59 72.40 69.52 67.47 19.53 19.14 20.60 20.32 25.73 25.15 25.78 25.41 47.75 48.32 .. .. .. .. .. .. 23.88 25.92 .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste 92.34 90.89 90.98 91.41 92.23 92.11 93.70 92.31 31.35 .. .. .. .. .. 27.65 26.95 65.57 66.79 65.94 68.40 72.39 77.01 81.03 83.62 24.29 .. .. .. .. .. 27.29 26.55Tuvalu .. .. .. 80.24 81.29 76.25 .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.72 17.19 .. 15.58 .. .. .. 78.70 82.84 71.03 .. 66.73 .. .. .. .. 6.17 8.38 .. 8.64Vanuatu .. .. .. .. 79.84 .. .. .. .. .. 22.82 .. 26.57 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54.20 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.57 .. .. ..Yemen .. 84.69 85.43 .. .. 84.17 .. .. 30.25 30.25 .. .. .. 26.93 .. .. 46.16 46.91 49.28 .. .. 51.58 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, all LDCs 74.76 80.73 78.06 79.51 77.67 80.35 81.67 84.44 42.28 42.05 39.96 39.26 39.38 37.79 35.69 37.14 40.61 43.36 47.77 48.75 48.28 50.55 51.64 52.66 29.39 29.83 25.47 25.21 24.52 24.09 24.88 26.23

Averages were provided by UNESCO Institute for Statistics.Data downloaded in March 2020.

Net enrollment in primary education Pupil/teacher ratio in primary education Gross enrollment secondary duaction (Percentage) Pupil/teacher ratio in secondary education

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (http://uis.unesco.org/).

Table A.5.B: Human and Social DevelopmentPopulation and Primary Health

Contraceptive prevalence

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Value Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 112.50 104.90 98.40 92.90 88.10 84.00 80.40 77.20 71.50 67.30 63.60 60.50 57.80 55.50 53.40 51.60 300 281 269 258 251 246 241 12.50 2016 1.80 1.80 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 2.00 2.00Benin 108.90 106.60 104.40 102.10 99.90 97.60 95.50 93.00 69.50 68.20 67.00 65.70 64.40 63.20 61.90 60.50 458 450 441 432 421 408 397 12.00 2018 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00Burkina Faso 107.60 101.40 95.80 91.00 86.80 83.00 79.60 76.40 62.40 59.80 57.50 55.40 53.60 51.90 50.40 49.00 377 369 362 353 343 331 320 29.92 2018 1.10 1.10 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.70Burundi 85.20 80.00 75.10 70.80 67.00 63.80 61.00 58.50 56.10 53.20 50.40 47.90 45.80 44.00 42.40 41.00 635 608 591 576 568 558 548 22.90 2017 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.20 1.20 1.10 1.00Central African Republic 145.90 141.80 138.00 133.60 129.10 123.90 119.80 116.50 99.30 97.20 95.60 93.00 90.70 88.30 86.50 84.50 981 963 1030 961 912 890 829 .. .. 4.80 4.60 4.40 4.20 4.00 3.90 3.70 3.60Chad 145.60 141.70 137.90 134.10 130.50 126.60 122.70 119.00 83.20 81.50 79.80 78.10 76.50 74.80 73.10 71.40 1210 1190 1170 1170 1160 1140 1140 5.00 2015 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.30Comoros 84.90 82.30 79.50 77.10 74.90 72.30 69.90 67.50 62.30 60.70 58.90 57.40 56.00 54.40 52.80 51.30 326 313 302 293 285 279 273 14.20 2012 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Congo, Dem. Rep. 111.40 107.50 104.20 100.70 97.40 94.00 91.10 88.10 82.10 79.90 77.90 75.90 73.90 71.90 70.00 68.20 532 524 514 500 490 481 473 7.50 2014 1.10 1.00 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.80Djibouti 74.10 71.80 69.60 67.40 65.30 63.20 61.20 59.30 60.70 59.00 57.40 55.80 54.20 52.60 51.20 49.80 272 262 256 256 247 246 248 18.00 2012 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.20 1.20 1.20Eritrea 53.40 51.60 49.80 48.10 46.60 44.90 43.40 41.90 38.10 37.00 36.00 35.00 34.10 33.10 32.20 31.30 558 549 540 530 518 498 480 .. .. 0.90 0.90 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.70 0.70Ethiopia 78.50 74.30 70.50 66.80 63.50 60.40 57.70 55.20 52.30 50.00 47.80 45.70 43.80 42.10 40.60 39.10 558 527 498 472 446 422 401 37.80 2018 1.30 1.30 1.20 1.20 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.00Gambia, The 74.30 71.70 69.30 67.00 64.70 62.60 60.40 58.40 46.10 44.90 43.90 42.90 41.90 40.90 40.00 39.00 656 650 644 637 625 611 597 8.10 2013 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90 1.90Guinea 115.00 112.80 110.90 109.00 107.20 105.30 103.20 100.80 72.90 71.70 70.60 69.60 68.50 67.50 66.30 64.90 748 744 731 767 699 621 576 7.80 2016 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.40Guinea-Bissau 108.30 103.10 98.70 94.80 91.20 87.70 84.50 81.50 69.20 66.20 63.80 61.60 59.50 57.50 55.70 54.00 762 744 726 711 694 679 667 14.40 2014 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.60 3.50Lesotho 97.80 96.50 94.70 93.00 92.50 87.40 84.10 81.10 74.60 74.00 73.00 71.30 71.20 70.30 68.80 65.70 585 586 583 579 574 559 544 59.80 2014 24.30 24.40 24.50 24.60 24.50 24.30 24.00 23.60Liberia 92.60 88.70 85.10 81.90 78.90 76.10 73.40 70.90 67.20 64.80 62.50 60.50 58.50 56.70 55.00 53.50 694 683 674 688 691 661 661 30.00 2016 1.70 1.60 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.30Madagascar 65.00 63.00 61.20 59.60 58.10 56.60 55.20 53.60 44.70 43.60 42.60 41.60 40.80 39.90 39.10 38.20 432 413 394 378 363 348 335 38.60 2017 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30Malawi 82.30 75.40 68.60 63.00 59.20 55.70 52.70 49.70 51.80 48.40 45.20 42.30 40.30 38.30 36.80 35.30 428 413 396 381 370 358 349 58.10 2016 10.50 10.30 10.20 10.00 9.80 9.70 9.40 9.20Mali 126.70 122.10 117.60 113.20 109.10 105.10 101.30 97.80 75.10 73.00 71.00 69.10 67.20 65.40 63.60 62.00 663 663 663 642 620 590 562 15.10 2015 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.40Mauritania 94.40 91.80 89.00 86.20 83.50 80.70 78.20 75.70 60.60 59.40 58.10 56.70 55.40 54.10 52.80 51.50 822 812 805 796 785 777 766 15.60 2015 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20Mozambique 99.50 94.70 89.90 86.10 81.80 78.10 75.50 73.20 68.50 65.70 63.10 61.20 59.30 57.50 55.50 54.00 389 371 356 339 318 301 289 25.30 2015 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.50 12.60 12.60Niger 115.10 108.70 103.20 98.50 94.30 90.30 86.70 83.70 59.50 57.20 55.20 53.50 52.00 50.50 49.10 48.00 639 616 594 573 555 530 509 10.50 2017 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30Rwanda 56.80 51.70 47.50 44.10 41.30 38.80 36.90 35.30 39.80 37.00 34.50 32.50 30.80 29.30 28.20 27.00 349 329 308 291 275 260 248 47.50 2015 3.30 3.20 3.10 3.00 2.90 2.70 2.60 2.50Sao Tome and Principe 42.80 40.40 38.40 36.70 35.10 33.70 32.40 31.20 31.90 30.40 29.20 28.10 27.00 26.10 25.20 24.40 137 134 132 131 130 130 130 37.40 2014 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal 62.50 59.00 55.80 52.90 50.10 47.70 45.60 43.60 40.90 39.30 37.80 36.40 35.10 33.90 32.80 31.80 423 400 381 364 346 330 315 26.20 2017 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.40Sierra Leone 153.90 145.10 136.70 128.90 121.80 115.50 109.90 105.10 103.90 99.60 95.50 91.50 87.80 84.40 81.30 78.50 1270 1210 1180 1190 1180 1120 1120 21.80 2017 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50Somalia 152.10 147.20 142.30 137.90 133.40 129.40 125.50 121.50 93.40 90.70 88.00 85.60 83.10 81.00 78.80 76.60 955 943 893 878 855 865 829 .. .. 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10South Sudan 104.30 100.80 99.10 98.60 98.60 98.60 98.60 98.60 66.90 64.90 64.00 63.70 63.70 63.70 63.70 63.70 1070 1050 1090 1140 1110 1130 1150 5.00 2015 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.50 2.50Sudan 73.90 72.00 70.10 68.20 66.30 64.40 62.40 60.50 49.70 48.60 47.60 46.50 45.40 44.40 43.30 42.10 390 368 349 333 320 308 295 11.70 2014 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20Tanzania, United Republic of 68.80 66.00 63.70 61.40 59.10 57.00 54.50 53.00 46.00 45.00 43.90 43.00 41.90 40.60 38.80 37.60 628 615 593 574 556 539 524 32.00 2016 5.00 4.90 4.90 4.90 4.80 4.80 4.70 4.60Togo 86.90 84.30 81.80 79.30 76.80 74.40 72.10 69.80 57.10 55.60 54.20 52.80 51.40 50.00 48.70 47.40 422 410 404 401 398 395 396 17.20 2014 2.80 2.70 2.70 2.60 2.50 2.40 2.40 2.30Uganda 72.60 67.30 62.70 58.50 54.80 51.20 48.70 46.40 47.70 44.60 42.70 40.40 38.60 36.80 35.20 33.80 419 412 401 394 387 381 375 36.30 2018 6.80 6.60 6.50 6.40 6.20 6.10 5.90 5.70Zambia 77.20 74.30 70.70 66.90 64.60 62.00 59.40 57.80 51.20 49.60 47.80 45.90 44.50 43.10 41.50 40.40 283 267 254 242 232 222 213 44.70 2014 12.90 12.70 12.50 12.30 12.10 11.80 11.60 11.30Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 84.10 80.50 76.90 73.60 70.40 67.50 64.70 62.30 61.90 59.50 57.30 55.10 53.10 51.20 49.50 47.90 905 858 810 786 701 673 638 19.80 2015 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Bangladesh 46.20 43.40 40.80 38.40 36.10 33.90 31.90 30.20 36.80 34.90 33.00 31.30 29.60 28.00 26.50 25.10 248 238 227 214 200 186 173 53.90 2014 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Bhutan 40.20 38.10 36.40 34.70 33.30 32.00 30.80 29.70 32.60 31.10 29.80 28.60 27.50 26.50 25.60 24.80 239 231 223 214 203 193 183 .. .. 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30Cambodia 41.00 38.00 35.60 33.70 32.00 30.50 29.20 28.00 35.00 32.60 30.50 28.90 27.50 26.20 25.10 24.00 232 215 202 189 178 168 160 38.80 2014 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50Kiribati 63.50 62.10 60.60 59.00 57.50 55.80 54.30 52.50 48.60 47.80 46.70 45.60 44.60 43.50 42.40 41.20 110 107 104 100 97 94 92 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 64.80 61.80 58.90 56.10 53.60 51.30 49.30 47.30 49.50 47.50 45.60 43.70 42.00 40.40 39.00 37.60 272 254 238 223 209 196 185 49.00 2017 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30Myanmar 60.70 58.20 55.80 53.60 51.60 49.70 47.90 46.20 46.80 45.10 43.50 42.00 40.60 39.30 38.00 36.80 259 254 251 247 246 245 250 51.00 2016 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80Nepal 44.40 42.20 40.10 38.10 36.40 34.80 33.40 32.20 35.60 34.00 32.50 31.10 29.80 28.70 27.60 26.70 285 266 248 231 236 200 186 42.80 2016 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10Solomon Islands 24.90 24.20 23.40 22.70 22.00 21.30 20.60 20.00 21.10 20.50 19.90 19.30 18.80 18.20 17.60 17.10 134 127 122 120 112 108 104 24.30 2015 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste 59.60 57.20 54.90 52.80 51.00 49.20 47.50 45.80 50.00 48.20 46.40 44.80 43.40 42.00 40.70 39.30 198 185 176 168 160 152 142 23.70 2016 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tuvalu 30.50 29.60 28.60 27.70 26.80 26.00 25.10 24.40 25.40 24.70 23.90 23.20 22.50 21.90 21.20 20.60 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 29.60 29.70 29.50 29.10 28.60 27.90 27.20 26.40 24.70 24.80 24.60 24.30 23.90 23.40 22.90 22.30 88 85 82 80 76 74 72 37.10 2013 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Yemen 55.10 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 43.00 42.90 42.90 42.90 42.90 42.90 42.90 42.90 187 184 175 174 169 165 164 25.20 2013 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 78.00 76.20 74.40 72.60 70.60 68.70 66.70 64.80 57.90 56.80 55.70 54.50 53.30 52.10 50.80 49.50 496 500 496 492 488 489 480 31.80 2017 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.00 2.00Average, All LDCs 84.22 80.62 77.33 74.28 71.48 68.81 66.42 64.26 57.01 55.03 53.23 51.54 49.98 48.49 47.05 45.74 501 486 471 458 442 427 415 33.42 2014 1.94 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.86 1.84 1.83 1.80

Averages were provided by World Development Indicators.Data downloaded in March 2020.

Mortality rate under five (Deaths per 1000 live births) Infant mortality rate (Deaths per 1000 live births) Maternal mortality rate (Deaths per 100,000 births) HIV prevalence


Table A.5.C: Human and Social DevelopmentYouth Development

Youth literacy rate (Percentage of

population aged 15-24)

Female youth literacy rate (Percentage of

female population aged 15-24)

2011-2018 2011-2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 77.43 70.59 6.13 .. 8.84 .. 8.40 9.34 .. ..Benin 56.72 46.44 12.86 13.96 15.96 15.95 13.55 12.95 12.27 ..Burkina Faso 54.19 49.33 4.15 4.56 4.78 5.08 5.06 5.56 6.00 6.50Burundi 83.89 80.29 3.07 3.78 4.55 5.13 .. 5.84 6.05Central African Republic 38.27 28.71 3.14 2.98 .. .. .. .. .. ..Chad 34.78 24.19 2.21 .. .. 3.43 3.25 .. .. ..Comoros 74.93 73.95 8.01 8.69 8.76 8.99 .. .. .. ..Congo, Dem. Rep. 84.29 78.19 8.14 8.26 6.93 .. .. 6.60 .. ..Djibouti .. .. 5.35 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Eritrea 93.27 92.71 .. .. .. 3.85 3.48 3.36 .. ..Ethiopia 72.75 71.97 7.88 8.22 .. 8.11 .. .. .. ..Gambia, The 63.97 60.28 3.03 2.72 .. .. .. .. .. ..Guinea 46.30 37.21 11.07 10.52 11.05 11.56 .. .. .. ..Guinea-Bissau 60.40 49.76 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lesotho 86.63 93.97 .. 11.45 11.04 10.96 10.19 .. 10.76 10.20Liberia 55.40 45.64 .. 11.92 .. .. .. .. .. ..Madagascar 79.01 77.99 4.07 4.14 4.29 4.82 4.81 4.83 5.28 5.35Malawi 74.51 73.36 0.82 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mali 48.88 40.54 5.49 7.06 6.43 5.97 5.50 4.11 4.52 ..Mauritania 63.95 56.76 4.74 5.13 5.41 .. 5.61 5.35 5.00 ..Mozambique 70.72 64.08 4.94 5.23 5.60 6.22 6.66 7.24 7.12 7.31Niger 39.79 31.64 1.40 1.59 .. .. 3.30 3.51 3.73 4.41Rwanda 84.63 86.08 6.98 6.79 7.35 7.39 7.61 7.67 7.37 6.73Sao Tome and Principe 97.26 97.10 .. 8.25 9.72 13.38 .. .. ..Senegal 63.80 57.82 9.97 10.08 10.35 10.71 10.75 10.91 11.51 12.76Sierra Leone 61.84 56.78 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan 47.90 47.37 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan 73.00 73.49 15.51 15.72 17.67 16.90 16.92 .. .. ..Tanzania, United Republic of 85.85 84.74 .. 3.97 3.68 4.01 .. .. ..Togo 82.09 75.54 10.43 10.64 11.03 10.46 10.96 12.49 13.06 14.52Uganda 86.53 85.80 4.55 3.91 .. 4.84 .. .. .. ..Zambia 92.09 91.63 4.17 4.12 .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Africa 70.99 67.91 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 56.21 44.18 3.62 .. .. 8.23 .. .. .. 9.69Bangladesh 86.66 88.09 13.69 13.80 13.87 .. 17.87 18.15 20.57Bhutan 90.20 88.69 8.92 9.51 10.90 .. .. .. .. 15.55Cambodia 91.18 91.47 14.89 .. .. .. 13.14 13.13 13.69Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 82.26 78.78 17.81 17.67 19.02 18.37 18.17 17.26 15.74 14.97Myanmar 84.75 84.41 14.18 13.53 .. .. .. .. .. 18.82Nepal 88.58 85.55 14.45 17.11 15.99 14.97 11.62 11.59 12.41Solomon Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste 83.54 84.65 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 95.79 96.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Yemen .. 10.15 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Asia and the Pacific 82.88 81.79 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 82.99 82.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Weighted Average**, all LDCs 75.32 72.96 8.78 9.02 9.23 9.28 9.59 9.88 9.98 10.47


Gross enrollment, tertiary education

Source: World Development Indicators.Weight for youth literacy rate: Population aged 15-24. Weight for female youth literacy rate: Female population aged 15-24. For Gross enrollment, tertiary education, averages were provided by UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

Table A.5.D: Human and Social DevelopmentWater and Sanitation

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017AfricaAngola 51.17 51.97 52.76 53.54 54.32 55.08 55.84 68.08 68.63 69.17 69.70 70.22 70.74 71.24 25.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 27.00 27.00 27.00Benin 64.98 65.26 65.54 65.80 66.07 66.32 66.41 76.02 75.97 75.91 75.86 75.80 75.75 75.75 56.00 57.00 57.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00Burkina Faso 50.37 49.92 49.49 49.07 48.66 48.27 47.89 77.63 78.00 78.37 78.74 79.11 79.49 79.86 41.00 40.00 39.00 38.00 37.00 36.00 35.00Burundi 57.13 57.74 58.35 58.96 59.58 60.20 60.83 87.06 87.51 87.97 88.42 88.87 89.32 89.77 53.00 54.00 55.00 55.00 56.00 56.00 57.00Central African Republic 46.98 45.95 46.04 46.13 46.23 46.33 .. 66.16 64.74 64.74 64.74 64.74 64.74 .. 35.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 ..Chad 39.65 39.49 39.32 39.16 39.01 38.85 38.70 72.53 72.11 71.68 71.24 70.79 70.32 69.85 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 29.00Comoros 82.60 81.79 81.00 80.21 80.13 80.15 80.17 88.43 88.24 88.05 87.85 88.22 88.22 88.22 80.00 79.00 78.00 77.00 77.00 77.00 77.00Congo, Dem. Rep. 40.08 40.65 41.23 41.81 42.39 42.98 43.24 68.90 68.99 69.08 69.17 69.26 69.35 69.35 20.00 21.00 21.00 22.00 22.00 23.00 23.00Djibouti 75.52 75.53 75.54 75.56 75.58 75.60 75.63 83.19 83.30 83.41 83.52 83.63 83.75 83.86 50.00 49.00 49.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 47.00Eritrea 50.15 50.33 50.71 51.08 51.47 51.85 .. 89.80 89.74 89.74 89.74 89.74 89.74 .. 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00 ..Ethiopia 34.32 35.56 36.74 37.88 38.98 40.04 41.06 79.20 79.39 79.57 79.75 79.92 80.10 80.27 25.00 26.00 27.00 28.00 29.00 30.00 31.00Gambia, The 76.79 77.00 77.21 77.43 77.66 77.83 77.99 86.24 86.55 86.87 87.18 87.50 87.50 87.50 65.00 64.00 64.00 64.00 63.00 63.00 63.00Guinea 62.90 62.78 62.64 62.48 62.30 62.11 61.90 85.37 85.42 85.46 85.49 85.52 85.53 85.54 51.00 51.00 51.00 50.00 50.00 49.00 49.00Guinea-Bissau 62.52 63.32 64.13 64.92 65.72 66.51 66.63 81.17 81.76 82.35 82.94 83.53 84.11 84.11 50.00 51.00 51.00 52.00 53.00 53.00 53.00Lesotho 68.07 68.16 68.26 68.37 68.50 68.63 68.65 88.92 89.72 90.52 91.33 92.13 92.93 92.96 61.00 61.00 60.00 60.00 60.00 59.00 59.00Liberia 69.84 70.38 70.91 71.43 71.94 72.45 72.95 82.18 82.43 82.67 82.92 83.16 83.40 83.63 58.00 59.00 60.00 60.00 61.00 61.00 62.00Madagascar 47.25 48.41 49.59 50.78 51.98 53.18 54.40 79.37 80.43 81.50 82.57 83.65 84.73 85.82 32.00 32.00 33.00 34.00 35.00 36.00 36.00Malawi 63.28 64.21 65.14 66.06 66.99 67.91 68.83 85.91 85.90 85.89 85.88 85.87 85.85 85.84 59.00 60.00 61.00 62.00 63.00 64.00 65.00Mali 68.05 69.77 71.49 73.20 74.90 76.58 78.26 86.69 87.62 88.54 89.45 90.37 91.28 92.19 57.00 59.00 61.00 63.00 65.00 66.00 68.00Mauritania 59.60 61.43 63.27 65.12 66.97 68.83 70.70 80.75 82.15 83.55 84.97 86.39 87.82 89.26 40.00 42.00 44.00 45.00 47.00 48.00 50.00Mozambique 42.28 44.50 46.73 48.96 51.20 53.44 55.69 74.54 76.17 77.80 79.43 81.07 82.71 84.35 27.00 29.00 31.00 33.00 36.00 38.00 40.00Niger 45.53 46.34 47.14 47.94 48.72 49.50 50.27 87.68 87.11 86.55 85.98 85.42 84.86 84.29 37.00 38.00 40.00 41.00 42.00 43.00 44.00Rwanda 53.44 54.14 54.84 55.54 56.26 56.98 57.71 78.09 78.77 79.46 80.15 80.85 81.54 82.24 48.00 49.00 50.00 51.00 51.00 52.00 53.00Sao Tome and Principe 78.45 79.71 80.96 82.21 83.46 84.20 84.29 82.35 83.44 84.54 85.64 86.75 87.15 87.15 71.00 72.00 73.00 74.00 76.00 77.00 77.00Senegal 73.34 74.57 75.80 77.02 78.24 79.46 80.68 91.30 91.47 91.64 91.81 91.98 92.15 92.32 59.00 61.00 63.00 65.00 67.00 69.00 70.00Sierra Leone 53.23 54.51 55.79 57.05 58.31 59.56 60.81 73.03 73.49 73.94 74.40 74.85 75.31 75.76 40.00 42.00 44.00 45.00 47.00 49.00 50.00Somalia 42.31 44.07 45.80 47.50 49.17 50.82 52.44 70.94 72.91 74.89 76.88 78.88 80.89 82.91 22.00 24.00 25.00 26.00 27.00 27.00 28.00South Sudan 41.09 41.09 41.07 41.01 40.93 40.81 40.68 52.01 54.05 56.13 58.24 60.40 62.59 64.83 39.00 38.00 38.00 37.00 36.00 36.00 35.00Sudan 53.28 54.69 56.11 57.53 58.95 60.22 60.27 68.44 69.60 70.76 71.92 73.08 73.76 73.76 46.00 47.00 49.00 50.00 52.00 53.00 53.00Tanzania, United Republic of 45.62 47.44 49.27 51.12 52.98 54.85 56.73 77.76 79.04 80.32 81.62 82.92 84.22 85.54 33.00 34.00 36.00 37.00 39.00 41.00 43.00Togo 58.43 59.56 60.68 61.80 62.91 64.02 65.13 85.53 86.12 86.71 87.30 87.88 88.47 89.06 42.00 43.00 44.00 45.00 46.00 47.00 48.00Uganda 40.66 42.03 43.42 44.82 46.24 47.67 49.10 73.42 73.70 73.98 74.26 74.54 74.82 75.11 33.00 34.00 35.00 37.00 38.00 40.00 41.00Zambia 56.40 56.99 57.56 58.13 58.69 59.24 59.96 83.93 83.89 83.85 83.82 83.78 83.74 83.86 38.00 39.00 39.00 40.00 41.00 41.00 42.00Average, Africa 47.25 48.25 49.27 50.28 51.29 52.29 53.21 75.77 76.23 76.80 77.37 77.94 78.48 79.08 34.74 35.73 36.68 37.62 38.56 39.49 40.32Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 50.93 53.53 56.17 58.84 61.55 64.29 67.06 76.60 79.72 82.88 86.08 89.32 92.59 95.91 42.84 45.19 47.56 49.96 52.39 54.84 57.32Bangladesh 96.54 96.62 96.69 96.76 96.82 96.88 97.02 97.98 97.88 97.78 97.68 97.58 97.48 97.49 95.88 96.02 96.16 96.29 96.43 96.56 96.75Bhutan 93.55 94.38 95.19 95.99 96.81 97.21 97.23 97.38 97.54 97.70 97.86 97.90 97.94 97.98 91.43 92.57 93.71 94.84 96.13 96.73 96.73Cambodia 69.12 70.68 72.25 73.82 75.38 76.95 78.51 89.69 90.96 92.22 93.48 94.74 96.00 97.33 63.76 65.28 66.81 68.33 69.86 71.39 72.90Kiribati 64.00 65.27 66.54 67.81 69.08 70.35 71.62 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 70.07 72.07 74.06 76.03 77.99 79.94 82.06 87.86 88.87 89.88 90.88 91.89 92.90 94.44 62.21 64.43 66.65 68.88 71.11 73.35 75.58Myanmar 70.80 73.26 75.75 78.28 79.91 80.84 81.77 85.82 87.48 89.16 90.85 91.89 92.43 92.96 64.65 67.37 70.15 72.98 74.82 75.86 76.91Nepal 85.91 86.41 86.91 87.39 87.87 88.35 88.81 90.49 90.27 90.04 89.82 89.59 89.37 89.15 84.97 85.60 86.23 86.85 87.48 88.11 88.73Solomon Islands 72.63 71.78 70.95 70.13 69.33 68.54 67.78 90.98 91.05 91.12 91.20 91.27 91.34 91.41 67.90 66.67 65.45 64.23 63.01 61.80 60.60Timor-Leste 65.94 68.05 70.19 72.35 74.53 76.66 78.34 88.93 90.83 92.74 94.64 96.56 98.21 98.32 56.96 59.00 61.07 63.18 65.32 67.49 69.69Tuvalu 98.81 98.95 99.10 99.25 99.26 99.27 99.27 99.16 99.30 99.44 99.58 99.58 99.58 99.58 98.36 98.50 98.64 98.78 98.78 98.78 98.78Vanuatu 87.19 87.89 88.59 89.29 89.99 90.66 91.26 97.87 98.16 98.45 98.75 99.04 99.23 99.50 83.71 84.53 85.34 86.16 86.98 87.79 88.49Yemen 55.86 57.72 59.57 61.39 63.17 63.32 63.47 76.97 77.50 78.04 78.58 79.05 79.05 79.05 45.76 48.00 50.23 52.47 54.70 54.70 54.70Average, Asia and the Pacific 81.57 82.49 83.42 84.37 85.19 85.78 86.41 91.30 91.89 92.49 93.09 93.58 93.95 94.39 77.71 78.66 79.63 80.63 81.49 82.08 82.71Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 62.68 63.16 63.63 64.10 64.57 65.02 65.47 84.70 84.69 84.69 84.68 84.67 84.66 84.65 41.95 42.07 42.19 42.30 42.42 42.53 42.64Average, all LDCs 59.65 60.54 61.40 62.27 63.08 63.82 64.57 81.18 81.66 82.19 82.72 83.21 83.64 84.17 50.43 51.28 52.07 52.87 53.62 54.27 54.93Source: World Development Indicators.Weights: Total population, urban population and rural population. * For the subcategory urban/rural, the percentage of urban/rural population is reported. Data downloaded in March 2020.

People using at least basic drinking water services (Percentage of population*)

Total Urban Rural

Table A.5.E: Human and Social DevelopmentShelter

2009 2014AfricaAngola 65.80 55.50Benin 69.80 61.50Burkina Faso .. 65.80Burundi .. 57.90Central African Republic 95.90 93.30Chad 89.30 88.20Comoros .. 69.60Congo, Dem. Rep. 61.70 74.80Djibouti .. 65.60Eritrea .. ..Ethiopia 76.40 73.90Gambia, The .. 34.80Guinea .. 43.30Guinea-Bissau .. 82.30Lesotho 53.70 50.80Liberia 68.30 65.70Madagascar 76.20 77.20Malawi 68.90 66.70Mali 65.90 56.30Mauritania .. 79.90Mozambique 80.50 80.30Niger 81.70 70.10Rwanda 65.10 53.20Sao Tome and Principe .. 86.60Senegal 38.80 39.40Sierra Leone .. 75.60Somalia 73.60 73.60South Sudan .. 95.60Sudan .. 91.60Tanzania, United Republic of 63.50 50.70Togo .. 51.20Uganda 60.10 53.60Zambia 57.30 54.00Average, Africa 67.46 67.44Asia and the PacificAfghanistan .. 62.70Bangladesh 61.60 55.10Bhutan .. ..Cambodia .. 55.10Kiribati .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. .. 31.40Myanmar .. 41.00Nepal 58.10 54.30Solomon Islands .. ..Timor-Leste .. ..Tuvalu .. ..Vanuatu .. ..Yemen .. 60.80Average, Asia and the Pacific 61.29 53.16Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 70.10 74.40Average, all LDCs 65.75 62.67

Weight: Urban population, retrieved from World Development Indicators.Data downloaded in March 2020.

Population living in slums as a percentage of the urban population

Source: UN HABITAT, retrieved from the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals database. Data are available at : mdgs.un.org

Table A.5.F: Human and Social DevelopmentGender Equality and Empowerment of Women

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 38.20 34.10 34.10 36.80 36.80 36.80 38.20 30.50 30.00 38.91 .. .. .. 46.86 .. .. .. 39.43 .. .. .. .. 39.52 .. .. 27.39 .. 44.87 .. 44.51 45.75 .. ..Benin 8.40 8.40 8.40 8.40 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.23 46.55 46.89 47.11 47.35 47.50 47.65 47.61 47.67 37.88 .. 39.56 40.23 41.05 42.41 .. .. 21.24 25.45 27.29 26.47 28.34 29.25 30.13 ..Burkina Faso 15.30 15.70 15.70 18.90 9.40 9.40 11.00 11.00 13.39 47.23 47.74 48.25 48.43 48.45 48.56 48.75 48.72 42.99 43.95 44.98 45.74 47.05 47.80 48.36 49.07 32.60 32.56 32.41 32.10 33.69 33.22 33.59 36.09Burundi 30.50 30.50 30.50 30.50 36.40 36.40 36.40 36.40 36.36 50.10 50.30 50.37 50.68 50.58 50.40 50.20 50.12 42.49 43.38 44.91 46.75 48.44 49.91 51.20 52.69 31.79 32.91 31.05 24.96 .. 30.27 31.19 ..Central African Republic 12.50 12.50 .. .. .. 7.20 8.60 8.60 8.57 42.37 42.96 .. .. .. 43.61 .. .. 35.87 34.27 .. .. .. 39.29 40.13 26.90 .. .. .. .. .. ..Chad 12.80 14.90 14.90 14.90 14.90 14.90 12.80 15.30 14.88 42.59 42.85 43.01 42.89 43.29 43.36 .. .. 30.20 31.13 31.25 30.86 30.80 31.27 19.13 16.38 22.37 .. .. ..Comoros 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 6.10 6.10 6.06 44.99 .. 47.65 47.38 .. .. 48.03 49.08 .. .. 50.09 50.82 50.68 50.78 43.31 45.65 45.71 44.07 .. .. .. ..Congo, Dem. Rep. .. 8.90 8.90 10.60 8.90 8.90 8.90 8.90 10.00 46.26 46.57 47.22 47.28 49.46 .. .. .. 36.82 37.01 38.10 38.15 38.80 30.77 35.44 31.16 .. .. 35.73 .. ..Djibouti 13.80 13.80 12.70 12.70 12.70 12.70 10.80 26.20 26.15 46.99 46.76 46.26 45.96 46.42 46.41 46.52 46.14 43.95 42.94 42.88 44.16 43.95 44.48 44.94 45.12 39.89 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Eritrea 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 44.78 44.83 50.14 45.07 45.28 .. 45.18 45.11 43.66 43.73 43.74 44.21 45.15 .. 46.48 46.72 .. .. .. 32.83 39.04 41.03 .. ..Ethiopia 27.80 27.80 27.80 27.80 38.80 38.80 38.80 38.80 38.76 47.40 47.62 47.37 47.11 .. .. .. 46.31 46.90 .. .. 48.46 .. .. .. 30.22 31.47 .. 32.15 .. .. .. ..Gambia, The 7.50 7.50 7.50 9.40 9.40 9.40 10.30 10.30 10.34 50.56 50.72 50.68 50.95 51.22 51.38 51.56 51.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38.39 41.41 .. .. .. .. ..Guinea .. .. .. 21.90 21.90 21.90 21.90 21.90 22.81 45.60 45.35 45.40 45.50 .. 44.67 .. .. 38.23 .. .. 39.12 .. .. .. .. 25.83 26.65 30.11 30.47 .. .. .. ..Guinea-Bissau 10.00 14.00 14.00 13.70 13.70 13.70 13.70 13.70 13.73 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lesotho 24.20 26.70 26.70 26.70 25.00 25.00 22.90 22.10 23.33 48.86 48.95 49.10 49.02 48.92 48.91 48.88 .. 57.99 57.79 57.16 57.32 57.12 57.27 57.38 .. .. 59.40 58.63 58.54 59.84 .. 61.49 60.47Liberia 9.60 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 12.30 12.30 12.33 46.91 .. 46.93 46.47 48.93 48.86 .. 44.34 .. .. 43.00 42.85 .. .. .. 38.10 .. .. .. .. .. ..Madagascar 12.50 17.50 17.50 20.50 20.50 20.50 19.20 19.20 15.89 49.37 49.49 49.58 49.67 49.70 49.72 .. 49.79 48.78 48.87 .. 49.52 49.70 49.81 50.21 50.61 48.21 47.95 48.51 47.99 47.62 48.05 48.33 48.82Malawi 22.30 22.30 22.30 16.70 16.70 16.70 16.70 16.70 22.92 50.51 50.44 50.33 50.31 50.33 50.45 50.54 49.95 47.41 46.97 47.24 47.46 47.77 47.08 48.42 49.53 39.16 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Mali 10.20 10.20 10.20 9.50 8.80 8.80 8.80 8.80 9.52 45.84 45.95 .. 46.27 46.54 46.10 46.42 46.59 40.57 .. 43.33 41.99 43.61 42.04 44.06 44.49 29.27 27.75 28.97 29.08 29.16 30.58 29.24 ..Mauritania 22.10 22.10 22.10 25.20 25.20 25.20 25.20 20.30 20.26 50.60 50.53 50.46 50.63 50.48 50.80 50.91 50.70 45.06 45.09 47.64 47.06 47.46 48.56 49.39 49.71 28.72 29.33 30.04 32.73 32.93 32.84 ..Mozambique 39.20 39.20 39.20 .. 39.60 39.60 39.60 39.60 39.60 47.43 47.50 47.59 47.73 47.68 47.96 48.06 48.10 46.44 47.16 47.48 47.62 47.93 47.52 .. 38.65 39.52 40.23 41.84 42.43 44.29 45.01 45.15Niger 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 13.30 14.60 17.00 17.00 16.96 44.16 44.59 44.72 45.04 45.02 45.22 45.56 .. 39.14 40.05 40.44 41.32 41.48 42.07 41.92 .. 30.37 27.83 31.71 35.04 32.08 28.46Rwanda 56.30 56.30 63.80 63.80 63.80 63.80 61.30 61.30 61.25 50.87 50.70 50.74 50.75 50.46 50.08 49.90 49.70 51.53 52.22 52.12 52.49 52.22 52.54 53.10 53.16 43.16 44.87 45.03 46.36 44.90 44.47 47.97 45.24Sao Tome and Principe 18.20 18.20 18.20 18.20 18.20 18.20 18.20 18.20 14.55 48.81 48.78 48.99 48.60 48.52 48.43 48.67 .. 52.93 52.61 52.05 51.90 52.16 52.78 53.14 .. .. 45.74 .. 46.01 50.43 .. .. ..Senegal 22.70 42.70 42.70 43.30 42.70 42.70 41.80 41.80 41.82 52.33 52.15 52.27 52.28 52.25 52.28 53.07 52.52 47.53 48.20 48.92 49.61 .. 51.75 51.87 37.03 37.04 37.07 37.33 37.64 37.48 37.74 40.50Sierra Leone 12.90 12.40 12.40 12.10 12.40 12.40 12.40 12.30 12.33 48.80 49.83 50.09 50.38 50.29 50.48 50.85 42.91 46.25 46.67 .. 46.75 48.01 49.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Somalia 6.80 13.80 13.80 13.80 13.80 13.80 24.40 24.40 24.36 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 26.50 28.50 28.50 28.50 28.46 39.33 .. .. .. 40.88 .. .. .. 33.48 .. .. .. 34.49 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan 24.60 24.60 24.60 24.30 30.50 30.50 30.50 30.50 .. 46.31 46.45 46.67 47.36 47.08 47.59 47.79 .. 47.16 47.10 47.96 47.03 49.02 48.89 49.74 .. 50.71 52.48 52.19 50.99 49.84 .. .. ..Tanzania, United Republic of 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.00 36.60 36.40 37.20 36.90 50.45 50.16 50.60 50.78 50.84 50.62 50.32 50.09 .. .. .. 48.77 49.47 49.86 50.26 50.83 .. 35.36 35.01 34.84 36.72Togo 11.10 11.10 15.40 17.60 17.60 17.60 17.60 17.60 16.48 47.57 47.92 48.23 48.40 48.64 48.64 48.69 48.96 .. .. .. .. .. .. 41.95 .. .. 21.41 .. 29.36 29.88 30.06 31.02 33.64Uganda 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 33.50 34.30 34.30 34.86 50.12 50.08 50.12 .. 50.11 50.39 50.28 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 43.74 42.08 .. 43.64 .. .. .. ..Zambia 11.50 11.50 11.50 10.80 12.70 18.00 18.00 18.00 17.96 49.64 49.97 49.90 49.85 49.80 50.18 50.25 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27.62 43.21 .. .. .. .. ..Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 27.70 27.70 27.70 27.70 27.70 27.70 27.70 27.70 27.87 40.48 40.72 40.11 39.96 39.39 39.35 39.27 38.96 34.46 34.63 34.44 34.62 34.69 35.19 35.03 35.12 24.27 .. .. 20.39 .. .. .. 24.61Bangladesh 19.70 19.70 19.70 19.80 20.00 20.00 20.30 20.30 20.63 .. .. .. .. .. .. 50.68 50.75 52.53 52.19 50.91 51.89 51.37 52.80 52.64 40.45 41.38 .. 41.73 .. 40.32 40.32 40.53Bhutan 8.50 8.50 6.40 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 8.50 14.89 49.68 49.70 49.56 49.65 49.54 49.39 49.22 49.28 50.41 50.71 50.98 50.99 50.85 51.55 51.66 52.01 39.76 40.00 41.45 .. .. .. .. 47.14Cambodia 20.30 20.30 20.30 20.30 20.30 20.30 20.30 20.00 20.00 47.64 47.75 47.15 48.04 49.05 48.37 48.22 48.14 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37.64 .. .. .. 43.71 .. 45.40 46.51Kiribati 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 8.70 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.52 49.43 49.68 49.79 50.81 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 27.50 27.50 27.50 27.52 47.44 47.61 47.73 47.84 48.00 48.01 48.14 48.11 45.21 45.81 46.30 46.96 47.28 47.34 47.41 47.57 41.78 44.61 46.23 47.71 48.30 49.43 50.58 51.38Myanmar 3.50 6.00 6.00 5.60 12.70 9.90 10.20 10.20 11.32 48.99 48.90 48.33 48.56 .. .. .. 50.44 .. 52.09 52.03 51.90 57.53 55.27 .. .. .. .. .. 58.56Nepal 33.20 33.20 33.20 29.50 29.50 29.60 29.60 32.70 32.73 50.37 50.43 50.47 50.66 50.78 50.77 50.45 .. 49.45 50.15 50.31 50.45 50.58 50.56 51.25 .. 41.65 47.59 51.69 52.15 52.57 53.65Solomon Islands 0.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 4.08 47.67 47.90 48.16 47.73 48.14 48.09 48.20 48.29 45.87 46.74 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste 32.30 38.50 38.50 38.50 38.50 38.50 32.30 33.80 38.46 47.86 47.92 48.15 48.66 48.63 48.47 48.29 48.26 49.54 49.73 50.14 50.71 50.64 50.77 51.01 51.33 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tuvalu 6.70 6.70 6.70 6.70 6.70 6.70 6.70 6.70 6.25 .. .. .. 47.43 47.51 46.98 .. 46.53 .. .. .. 52.96 53.53 52.72 .. 51.97 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .. .. 47.27 .. 47.33 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48.96 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Yemen 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 43.94 44.28 44.66 .. .. 45.60 .. .. 37.91 38.66 39.84 .. .. 41.16 .. .. 29.93 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 4.20 0.00 2.50 2.50 2.54 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, all LDCs 20.83 21.40 21.60 21.10 23.04 22.79 23.18 22.94 22.83 47.63 47.77 47.91 48.03 48.28 48.33 48.32 48.29 45.87 46.11 46.18 46.41 46.89 46.98 47.41 47.44 39.16 39.97 40.48 40.59 40.80 40.88 41.10 41.23Source: Inter-parliamentary Union; UNESCO Institute for StatisticsAverages were provided by Inter-praliamentary Union and UNESCO Institute for Statistics.Data downloaded in March 2020.

Percentage of female students in primary education Percentage of female students in secondary education Percentage of female students in tertiary educationPercentage of parliamentary seats held by women

Deforestation

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017AfricaAngola 46.81 46.71 46.61 46.51 46.41 46.41 46.41Benin 40.01 39.56 39.12 38.68 38.23 38.23 38.23Burkina Faso 20.43 20.21 19.99 19.77 19.55 19.55 19.55Burundi 10.03 10.21 10.39 10.57 10.75 10.75 10.75Central African Republic 35.69 35.66 35.64 35.61 35.59 35.59 35.59Chad 4.27 4.17 4.07 3.97 3.87 3.87 3.87Comoros 20.74 20.53 20.31 20.10 19.88 19.88 19.88Congo, Dem. Rep. 67.85 67.71 67.58 67.44 67.30 67.30 67.30Djibouti 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24Eritrea 15.12 15.08 15.04 14.99 14.95 14.95 14.95Ethiopia 12.34 12.38 12.42 12.46 12.50 12.50 12.50Gambia, The 47.59 47.75 47.91 48.06 48.22 48.22 48.22Guinea 26.49 26.34 26.19 26.05 25.90 25.90 25.90Guinea-Bissau 71.55 71.19 70.84 70.48 70.13 70.13 70.13Lesotho 1.48 1.52 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.61 1.61Liberia 44.63 44.32 44.01 43.70 43.39 43.39 43.39Madagascar 21.55 21.52 21.49 21.47 21.44 21.44 21.44Malawi 34.14 33.95 33.76 33.57 33.38 33.38 33.38Mali 4.12 4.06 3.99 3.93 3.86 3.86 3.86Mauritania 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22Mozambique 49.30 49.03 48.77 48.51 48.25 48.25 48.25Niger 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.90Rwanda 18.35 18.63 18.91 19.18 19.46 19.46 19.46Sao Tome and Principe 55.83 55.83 55.83 55.83 55.83 55.83 55.83Senegal 43.80 43.59 43.39 43.18 42.97 42.97 42.97Sierra Leone 38.65 39.53 40.41 41.29 42.17 42.17 42.17Somalia 10.63 10.51 10.39 10.27 10.14 10.14 10.14South-Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Tanzania, United Republic of 4.91 4.55 4.18 3.82 3.46 3.46 3.46Togo 13.06 12.38 11.71 11.03 10.36 10.36 10.36Uganda 53.68 53.26 52.84 52.42 52.00 52.00 52.00Zambia 66.32 66.10 65.87 65.65 65.42 65.42 65.42Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.07Bangladesh 11.06 11.04 11.02 11.00 10.98 10.98 10.98Bhutan 71.23 71.49 71.75 72.02 72.28 72.22 72.22Cambodia 56.46 55.74 55.02 54.30 53.57 53.57 53.57Kiribati 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00Lao People's Dem. Rep. 78.01 78.83 79.65 80.47 81.29 81.29 81.29Myanmar 47.80 46.97 46.14 45.30 44.47 44.47 44.49Nepal 25.36 25.36 25.36 25.36 25.36 25.36 25.36Solomon Islands 78.86 78.66 78.46 78.26 78.06 78.06 78.06Timor-Leste 49.15 48.39 47.64 46.89 46.13 46.13 46.13Tuvalu 33.33 33.33 33.33 33.33 33.33 33.33 33.33Vanuatu 36.10 36.10 36.10 36.10 36.10 36.10 36.10Yemen 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 3.64 3.61 3.58 3.55 3.52 3.52 3.52Average, all LDCs 27.61 27.48 27.36 27.24 27.12 27.12 27.12

Data downloaded in May 2020.

Source: UN Food and Agricultural Organization. Averages were provided by UN Food and Agricultural Organization.

Table A.6.A: Multiple Crises and Other Emerging Challenges

Forest land (Percentage of land area)

Table A.6.B: Multiple Crises and Emerging ChallengesNatural Hazards

2018 2019 Until 3 March 2020Africa

AngolaBacterial Disease (Total Deaths: 2; Total Affected: 139) Flood (Total Deaths: 8; Total Affected: 3,000)

2 Floods (Total Deaths: 30; Total Affected: 5,330) Flood (Total Deaths: 41; Total Affected: 11,190)

Benin .. .. ..Burkina Faso .. .. ..Burundi 2 Floods (Total Affected: 15,532) 2 Floods (Total Deaths: 24; Total Affected: 3,773) ..Central African Republic .. Flood (Total Affected: 20,000) ..

Chad Viral Disease (Total Deaths: 90; Total Affected: 4227)Landslide (Total Deaths: 52; Total Affected: 37)Flood (Total Affected: 423)

..

Comoros .. 2 Tropical Cyclones (Total Deaths: 8; Total Affected: 345,311) ..

Congo, Dem. Rep. Viral Disease (Total Deaths: 2,286; Total Affected: 3,441)

Bacterial Disease (Total Deaths: 732; Total Affected: 27,000) Viral Disease (Total Deaths: 8,959; Total Affected: 446,246)3 Floods (Total Deaths: 84; Total Affected: 524,894)2 Landslides (Total Deaths: 37; Total Affected: 525,344)

..

Djibouti .. 2 Floods (Total Deaths: 9; Total Affected: 400,000) ..Eritrea .. .. ..

EthiopiaViral Disease (Total Deaths: 207; Total Affected: 2384) 2 Landslides (Total Affected: 4,000)

Bacterial Disease (Total Deaths: 15; Total Affected: 871) Flood (Total Affected: 200,000)Landslide (Total Deaths: 23)

..

Gambia, The .. .. ..Guinea .. .. ..Guinea-Bissau .. Convective Storm (Total Deaths: 3; Total Affected: 11,541) ..Liberia .. .. ..Lesotho .. .. ..

MadagascarViral Disease (Total Affected: 3,239)Tropical Cyclone (Total Deaths: 73; Total Affected: 161,318)Drought (Total Affected: 1,260,000)

Tropical Storm (Total Deaths: 3; Total Affected: 1,100) Tropical Cyclone (Total Deaths: 5; Total Affected: 20,293)

Flood (Total Deaths: 40; Total Affected: 106,846)

Malawi 3 Floods (Total Deaths: 5; Total Affected: 9,613)Landslide (Total Deaths: 8; Total Affected: 109)Flood (Total Deaths: 60; Total Affected: 991,755)

..

Mali Flood (Total Affected: 13,150) 2 Floods (Total Deaths: 60; Total Affected: 991,755) ..

MozambiqueLandslide (Total Deaths: 17; Total Affected: 300)Flood (Total Deaths: 77; Total Affected: 77,150)

Bacterial Disease (Total Affected: 3,577)2 Tropical Storms (Total Deaths: 648; Total Affected: 2,022,660)3 Floods (Total Deaths: 56; Total Affected: 121,066)

..

Mauritania Drought (Total Affected: 350,600) Flood (Total Deaths: 3; Total Affected: 33,600) ..

NigerFlood (Total Deaths: 36; Total Affected: 130,468)Bacterial Disease (Total Deaths: 78; Total Affected: 3,824

2 Floods (Total Deaths: 52; Total Affected: 223,000) ..

Rwanda3 Floods (Total Deaths: 58; Total Affected: 26,411)Landsline (Total Deaths: 18; Total Affected: 12)

2 Floods (Total Deaths: 28; Total Affected: 5,958) Flood (Total Deaths: 19; Total Affected: 498)

Sao Tome and Principe .. .. ..Senegal .. Flood (Total Deaths: 6; Total Affected: 8,968) ..Sierra Leone .. Flood (Total Deaths: 7; Total Affected: 5,000) ..

SomaliaTropical Cyclone (Total Deaths: 53; Total Affected: 228,000)Flood (Total Deaths: 5; Total Affected: 700,000)

Drought (Total Affected: 1,500,000)Tropical Cyclone (Total Deaths: 6; Total Affected: 30,000)Flood (Total Deaths: 17; Total Affected: 500,000)

..

South Sudan ..Flood (Total Deaths: 3; Total Affected: 234,800)Wildfire (Total Deaths: 50; Total Affected: 12)

..

Sudan 3 Floods (Total Deaths: 46; Total Affected: 127,476)Bacterial Disease (Total Deaths: 24; Total Affected: 510)2 Floods (Total Deaths: 78; Total Affected: 352,498)

..

Togo .. .. ..

Tanzania, United Republic of Flood (Total Deaths: 15; Total Affected: 15,873)Tropical Cyclone (Total Affected: 2,000,000)4 Floods (Total Deaths: 47; Total Affected: 5,000)

Flood (Total Deaths: 13; Total Affected: 18,000)

UgandaBacterial Disease (Total Deaths: 31; Total Affected: 1,000)Landslide (Total Deaths: 51)

4 Floods (Total Deaths: 124; Total Affected: 73,850) ..

Zambia .. Flood (Total Deaths: 4) ..Asia and the Pacific

Afghanistan3 Floods (Total Deaths: 101; Total Affected: 4,000)Drought (Total Affected: 10,600,000)

6 Floods (Total Deaths: 171; Total Affected: 130,942)Landslide (Total Dead: 40)

Storm (Total Deaths: 13; Total Affected: 7,481)

BangladeshExtreme Temperature (Total Deaths: 34) Flood (Total Deaths: 21; Total Affected: 14,000)Convective Storm (Total Deaths: 8; Total Affected: 3,000)

Flood (Total Deaths: 119; Total Affected: 4,000,000)Landslide (Total Deaths: 2; Total Affected: 18,016)Extreme temperature (Total Deaths: 50) 4 Tropical Cyclones/storm (Total Deaths: 94; Total Affected: 261,551)

..

Bhutan .. .. ..Cambodia Flood (Total Affected: 5,817) Flood (Total Deaths: 12; Total Affected: 435,000) ..Kiribati .. .. ..

Lao People's Dem. Rep. ..Flood (Total Deaths: 16; Total Affected: 309,176)Drought

..

Myanmar Flood (Total Deaths: 16; Total Affected: 109,650)2 Floods (Total Deaths: 115; Total Affected: 8,075)Landslide (Total Deaths: 13)

..

NepalFlood (Total Deaths: 15; Total Affected: 1,406)Extreme Temperature (Total Deaths: 50)

Flood (Total Deaths: 119; Total Affected: 82,541)Convective Storm (Total Deaths: 28; Total Affected: 14,854)

..

Solomon Islands Tropical Cyclone ( Total Affected: 1,000) .. ..Timor-Leste .. .. ..Tuvalu .. .. Tropical CycloneVanuatu Ash Fall (Total Affected: 7,286) .. ..Yemen 2 Tropical Cyclones (Total Deaths: 49; Total Affected: 15,874) 3 Floods (Total Deaths: 26; Total Affected: 80,000) ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti Earthquake (Total Deaths: 17; Total Affected: 39,336) Flood (Total Deaths: 8; Total Affected: 3,108 ..Source: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, www.emdat.beData until 3 March 2020

Incidences

Table A.6.C: Multiple Crises and Emerging ChallengesSelected Exogenous Shocks since 2018Year Incidence Country

Total deaths

Total affectedTotal damage('000 US$)

2018 Droughts Afghanistan .. 10,600,000 ..2018 Droughts Madagascar .. 1,260,000 ..2018 Droughts Mauritania .. 350,600 ..2018 Earthquake Haiti 17 39,336 ..2018 Epidemic Angola 2 139 ..2018 Epidemic Chad 90 4,227 ..2018 Epidemic Ethiopia .. 4,000 ..2018 Epidemic Madagascar .. 3,239 ..2018 Epidemic Niger (the) 78 3,824 ..2018 Epidemic Uganda 31 1,000 ..2018 Ebola Epidemic Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 33 10 ..2018 Ebola Epidemic Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 2,253 3,431 ..2018 Extreme temperature Bangladesh 34 .. ..2018 Extreme temperature Nepal 50 .. ..2018 Floods Afghanistan 72 4,000 ..2018 Floods Afghanistan 18 .. ..2018 Floods Angola 8 3,000 ..2018 Floods Bangladesh 21 14,000 ..2018 Floods Burundi .. 2,576 ..2018 Floods Burundi .. 12,956 ..2018 Floods Cambodia .. 5,817 ..2018 Floods Malawi 4 9,113 ..2018 Floods Mali .. 13,150 ..2018 Floods Mozambique 11 77,150 5,100 2018 Floods Myanmar 16 109,650 ..2018 Floods Nepal 15 1,406 ..2018 Floods Niger (the) 36 130,468 ..2018 Floods Rwanda 24 26,051 ..2018 Floods Rwanda 24 360 11,000 2018 Floods Rwanda 10 .. 11,000 2018 Floods Somalia 5 700,000 80,000 2018 Floods Sudan (the) 23 70,060 ..2018 Floods Sudan (the) .. 2,750 ..2018 Floods Sudan (the) 23 54,666 ..2018 Floods Tanzania, United Republic of 15 15,873 ..2018 Landslide Afghanistan 12 .. ..2018 Landslide Afghanistan 10 2,750 ..2018 Landslide Ethiopia 32 17 ..2018 Landslide Ethiopia 12 4 36 2018 Landslide Mozambique 17 300 ..2018 Landslide Myanmar 15 45 ..2018 Landslide Rwanda 18 12 28,000 2018 Landslide Uganda 51 .. ..2018 Mass movement (dry) Myanmar 17 .. ..2018 Storm Bangladesh 33 .. ..2018 Storm Guinea-Bissau 3 11,541 ..2018 Storm Madagascar 73 161,318 ..2018 Storm Solomon Islands .. 1,000 ..2018 Storm Somalia 53 228,000 ..2018 Storm Yemen 24 750 ..2018 Storm Yemen 25 15,124 ..2018 Volcanic activity Vanuatu .. 7,286 ..2019 Drought Somalia .. 1,500,000 ..2019 Epidemic Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 472 27,000 ..2019 Epidemic Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 5,400 250,000 ..2019 Epidemic Congo (the) 260 .. ..2019 Epidemic Congo (the) .. 16,246 ..2019 Epidemic Congo (the) 3,559 180,000 ..2019 Epidemic Ethiopia 15 871 ..2019 Epidemic Mozambique .. 3,577 ..2019 Epidemic Sudan (the) 24 510 ..2019 Epidemic Yemen 713 461,542 ..2019 Epidemic Yemen 219 59,486 ..2019 Extreme temperature Bangladesh 50 .. ..2019 Flood Afghanistan 30 .. ..2019 Flood Afghanistan 63 129,100 ..2019 Flood Afghanistan 24 561 ..2019 Flood Afghanistan 35 .. ..2019 Flood Afghanistan 16 1,281 ..2019 Flood Angola 11 4,255 ..2019 Flood Angola 19 1,075 ..2019 Flood Bangladesh 119 4,000,000 75,000 2019 Flood Burundi 14 3,773 ..2019 Flood Burundi 10 .. ..

Impact

2019 Flood Cambodia 12 435,000 ..2019 Flood Cambodia 12 435,000 ..2019 Flood Central African Republic .. 20,000 ..2019 Flood Chad .. 423 ..2019 Flood Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 41 125,000 ..2019 Flood Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 43 399,894 ..2019 Flood Djibouti .. 250,000 ..2019 Flood Djibouti 9 150,000 ..2019 Flood Ethiopia .. 200,000 ..2019 Flood Haiti 8 3,108 ..2019 Flood Lao People's Democratic Republic (the) 16 309,176 ..2019 Flood Malawi .. 15,974 ..2019 Flood Malawi 60 975,672 ..2019 Flood Mali 15 507 ..2019 Flood Mali .. 6,474 ..2019 Flood Mauritania 3 33,600 ..2019 Flood Mozambique 28 58,066 ..2019 Flood Mozambique 18 .. ..2019 Flood Mozambique 10 63,000 ..2019 Flood Myanmar 115 1,875 ..2019 Flood Myanmar .. 6,200 ..2019 Flood Nepal 119 82,541 204,000 2019 Flood Niger (the) 52 200,000 ..2019 Flood Niger (the) .. 23,000 ..2019 Flood Rwanda 16 5,393 ..2019 Flood Rwanda 12 565 ..2019 Flood Senegal 6 8,968 ..2019 Flood Sierra Leone 7 5,000 ..2019 Flood Somalia 17 500,000 ..2019 Flood South Sudan 3 234,800 ..2019 Flood Sudan (the) 78 346,300 ..2019 Flood Sudan (the) .. 6,198 ..2019 Flood Tanzania, United Republic of 10 .. ..2019 Flood Tanzania, United Republic of 5 5,000 ..2019 Flood Tanzania, United Republic of 18 .. ..2019 Flood Tanzania, United Republic of 14 .. ..2019 Flood Uganda 36 6,000 ..2019 Flood Uganda 65 65,250 ..2019 Flood Uganda 15 100 ..2019 Flood Uganda 8 2,500 ..2019 Flood Yemen 12 .. ..2019 Flood Yemen 8 80,000 ..2019 Flood Zimbabwe 26 .. ..2019 Landslide Afghanistan 40 .. ..2019 Landslide Bangladesh 2 18,016 ..2019 Landslide Burundi 37 9,942 ..2019 Landslide Chad 52 37 ..2019 Landslide Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 13 450 ..2019 Landslide Congo (the Democratic Republic of the) 24 .. ..2019 Landslide Ethiopia 23 .. ..2019 Landslide Malawi 8 109 ..2019 Landslide Myanmar 13 .. ..2019 Landslide Uganda 61 129,953 ..2019 Landslide Uganda 20 .. ..2019 Storm Bangladesh 15 .. ..2019 Storm Bangladesh 39 10,045 ..2019 Storm Bangladesh 40 251,506 5,785 2019 Storm Comoros (the) 8 345,311 ..2019 Storm Comoros (the) .. .. ..2019 Storm Madagascar 5 20,293 25,000 2019 Storm Madagascar 3 1,100 ..2019 Storm Mozambique 603 1,501,500 2,000,000 2019 Storm Mozambique 45 400,094 230,000 2019 Storm Nepal 28 14,854 ..2019 Storm Somalia 6 30,000 ..2019 Storm Tanzania, United Republic of .. 2,000,000 ..2019 Wildfire South Sudan 50 12 ..2020 Flood Angola 41 11,190 ..2020 Flood Madagascar 40 106,846 ..2020 Flood Rwanda 19 498 ..2020 Flood Tanzania, United Republic of 13 18,000 ..2020 Storm Afghanistan 13 7,481 ..

Note: This table does not include deaths resulting from confirmed cases of COVID-19.Data until 3 March 2020.

Sources: EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters-CRED; WHO Ebola Situation Report, 2016 [1] ; UNOCHA & Humanitarian Response [2] ; Food Security Information Network (2017), Global Report on Food Crises 2017 [3] ; UNOCHA: Address and Prevent Famine in Four Countries. [4] https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Sierra%20Leone%20Flash%20Update%20v4.pdf

Domestic Resource Mobilization

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 16.10 14.82 14.18 13.54 11.00 9.73 9.22 .. 47.78 46.75 40.83 37.56 30.82 30.09 29.88 ..Benin .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.32 12.07 14.67 16.20 14.40 10.69 10.84 16.97Burkina Faso 13.75 15.63 16.82 15.37 15.07 16.69 17.42 17.20 19.82 20.81 17.56 16.85 14.09 16.36 19.15 18.28Burundi .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -9.05 -7.98 -13.78 -11.40 2.16 -1.04 -1.38 -4.12Central African Republic 7.54 8.17 .. 1.79 5.87 7.02 .. .. 9.39 0.87 -0.94 2.25 2.80 1.58 2.98 -2.19Chad .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25.55 27.46 23.73 25.46 21.53 20.41 15.51 19.10Comoros .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -4.07 -6.77 -4.79 -4.68 -3.89 -3.23 -2.93 -1.62Congo, Dem. Rep. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18.73 7.58 17.27 18.20 15.68 9.39 21.20 22.11Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21.95 20.29 27.41 10.70 15.98 18.20Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.18 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia 9.21 9.38 8.76 8.81 8.35 8.09 7.60 7.51 17.25 19.23 17.58 20.54 19.74 22.40 22.35 24.30Gambia, The .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.83 12.86 6.83 2.00 -3.69 0.24 0.53 -2.69Guinea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.30 5.62 -3.99 -0.58 -5.29 -0.43 10.75 3.94Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.32 .. 4.66 -3.52 -0.34 0.24 3.39 3.03 3.70 3.77Lesotho 27.91 35.24 33.54 33.92 31.75 26.76 29.11 .. -22.86 -26.03 -23.50 -16.15 -9.29 -10.04 -16.39 -18.30Liberia 11.15 13.31 12.91 .. .. .. .. .. -53.20 -36.89 -42.38 -60.61 -66.92 -58.76 -53.94 -55.41Madagascar 8.71 8.37 8.79 8.44 8.95 9.24 9.96 10.22 12.31 11.08 6.69 11.09 11.55 13.72 12.27 14.48Malawi 15.45 13.56 14.13 15.93 15.24 15.49 17.29 17.03 5.19 -3.37 6.07 6.43 4.61 -1.75 6.21 ..Mali 12.55 12.99 13.03 12.65 14.10 15.40 15.87 .. 11.26 12.30 2.81 4.63 5.21 5.90 8.42 9.83Mauritania .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37.07 32.38 33.81 25.57 19.39 20.54 20.27 16.57Mozambique 17.08 19.01 21.82 24.32 20.33 20.30 22.19 0.02 8.79 5.42 4.33 3.96 9.50 8.05 10.63 12.56Niger .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.51 18.68 19.71 19.17 16.14 17.54 17.35 19.57Rwanda .. .. .. 13.32 13.70 14.79 13.62 .. 6.52 6.62 8.69 7.10 2.38 7.70 9.30 7.60Sao Tome and Principe .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal .. .. .. .. 15.77 .. .. .. 5.47 8.17 8.37 10.99 13.08 14.38 13.89 14.48Sierra Leone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -6.15 0.01 -16.44 -7.98 -13.33 -14.54 -3.49 -8.21Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -53.02 -59.99 -58.88 -60.38 -68.41 -67.13South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48.43 21.15 -19.91 20.14 13.50 .. .. ..Sudan 4.49 6.40 7.04 7.46 7.20 7.96 .. .. 21.09 18.93 20.14 22.52 20.71 20.00 20.87 21.27Tanzania, United Republic of 9.79 10.43 10.72 11.36 10.49 11.39 11.83 11.49 21.84 25.22 26.86 28.44 26.21 29.45 32.06 ..Togo 15.97 15.88 16.86 18.40 18.95 18.76 17.31 16.88 7.72 10.52 10.21 9.88 10.26 13.69 13.00 14.37Uganda .. .. .. .. 12.93 13.46 13.73 14.01 12.57 14.41 18.06 17.31 13.85 15.43 16.49 15.70Zambia 14.72 14.89 14.35 15.76 14.39 13.35 15.18 .. 33.99 35.39 35.61 33.31 34.57 32.53 .. ..Median, Africa 13.15 13.43 14.13 13.43 13.90 13.46 14.46 .. 10.33 11.08 8.37 10.99 11.55 10.04 10.84 ..Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24.62 23.83 20.77 22.09 18.88 18.85 20.14 ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 8.92 7.71 7.12 6.88 7.59 8.84 9.25 .. -9.26 1.03 4.38 4.81 2.95 4.95 7.16 …Bangladesh 8.69 9.02 8.96 8.64 8.50 8.77 .. .. 20.62 21.22 22.04 22.09 22.16 24.98 25.33 22.83Bhutan 13.84 15.05 14.72 13.70 13.11 12.84 12.41 .. 39.30 44.64 24.73 29.70 22.14 30.84 29.31 22.39Cambodia 10.15 11.08 12.08 14.63 14.58 14.83 15.79 17.05 11.12 14.13 15.75 16.96 17.80 18.67 21.49 24.45Kiribati 17.63 18.32 18.04 17.74 22.09 24.92 22.17 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22.63 10.07 8.81 12.25 13.66 20.33 .. ..Myanmar .. 4.52 5.53 5.84 6.01 6.41 6.02 .. 36.96 36.64 33.70 32.58 31.77 30.02 28.74 ..Nepal 13.26 13.86 15.29 15.90 16.71 18.69 20.70 .. 13.97 10.99 10.55 11.92 9.21 4.07 13.43 17.81Solomon Islands 28.70 29.16 30.28 29.16 29.16 26.73 27.79 29.55 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Timor-Leste 24.90 25.72 23.24 22.49 18.60 9.89 12.89 .. 71.32 73.32 68.64 53.28 39.58 23.40 23.67 ..Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 15.99 16.63 17.24 17.38 16.27 16.31 17.13 17.85 21.97 21.98 22.64 23.44 .. .. .. ..Yemen .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Median, Asia and the Pacific 13.84 14.46 15.01 15.27 15.42 13.83 15.79 .. 21.97 21.22 22.04 22.09 19.97 21.87 23.67 ..Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22.74 23.12 22.50 22.26 21.46 23.05 .. ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -13.67 -6.70 -3.61 -3.29 1.86 -1.41 -8.66 -12.39Median, all LDCs 13.75 13.71 14.18 14.16 14.24 13.46 15.18 .. 11.41 12.07 10.21 12.25 13.29 10.70 13.00 ..Average, all LDCs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23.58 23.29 21.10 21.91 19.65 20.33 21.39 ..


Gross domestic savings (Percentage of GDP)Tax Revenue (Percentage of GDP)

Source: World Development Indicators.Weight: GDP (current US$).

Table A.7.A: Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building

Table A.7.B.: Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building Development Cooperation - Aid from DAC Countries to the LDCs

USD Percentage Percentage USD Percentage Percentage USD Percentage Percentage million of donor's of donor's million of donor's of donor's million of donor's of donor's

total GNI total GNI total GNIDAC CountryAustralia 712 25 0.08 852 28 0.07 868 28 0.06Austria 273 15 0.07 293 23 0.07 319 27 0.07Belgium 864 40 0.18 649 30 0.13 744 32 0.14Canada 1712 39 0.12 1486 35 0.09 1645 35 0.10Czech Republic 73 34 0.04 64 21 0.03 65 21 0.03Denmark 1092 41 0.33 729 30 0.22 726 28 0.20Finland 387 36 0.15 325 30 0.13 314 32 0.11France 3058 29 0.11 2753 24 0.10 3390 26 0.12Germany 3388 26 0.10 4089 16 0.11 4956 19 0.12Greece 132 22 0.04 56 18 0.03 60 21 0.03Hungary 43 41 0.03 29 19 0.02 68 24 0.05Iceland 19 40 0.12 20 29 0.08 32 44 0.12Ireland 643 51 0.29 359 43 0.14 386 41 0.13Italy 1476 33 0.07 1161 20 0.06 1318 26 0.06Japan 2544 29 0.05 5001 44 0.10 5370 53 0.10Korea 224 30 0.02 780 35 0.05 969 40 0.06Luxembourg 155 39 0.37 182 43 0.43 224 47 0.46Netherlands 1928 29 0.24 1045 21 0.13 1352 24 0.15New Zealand 85 25 0.07 127 28 0.07 132 24 0.07Norway 1411 36 0.33 1165 28 0.28 1242 29 0.27Poland 94 26 0.02 113 17 0.02 220 29 0.04Portugal 219 40 0.10 123 32 0.06 129 33 0.06Slovak Republic 38 48 0.05 22 19 0.02 25 18 0.02Slovenia 7 11 0.01 12 16 0.03 13 16 0.02Spain 1317 22 0.09 584 23 0.04 673 27 0.05Sweden 1461 32 0.31 1708 31 0.31 1916 33 0.34Switzerland 495 27 0.11 922 29 0.14 951 31 0.13United Kingdom 4174 39 0.15 6081 34 0.23 6407 33 0.23United States 7201 30 0.05 12091 35 0.06 11360 34 0.05DAC-EU countries 20716 31 0.12 20379 24 0.12 23305 27 0.13TOTAL DAC 35110 31 0.09 42823 29 0.09 45873 31 0.09


Source note: Including imputed multilateral flows, i.e. making allowance for contributions the geographical distribution of multilateral disbursements for the year of reference. through multilateral organisations, calculated using the geographical distribution of multilateral disbursements for the year of reference.

Net disbursements

2007-2008 2017 2018

Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development aid statistics (http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats).

External Debt and Debt Servicing

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola 33965 44259 54946 56936 56272 57167 52618 54563 5.79 8.37 9.64 14.09 22.69 33.61 25.62 21.94Benin 1851 1675 2004 2041 2178 2316 2898 3691 2.80 2.93 3.12 2.48 3.59 4.17 3.96 7.77Burkina Faso 2294 2524 2571 2551 2632 2825 3129 3286 2.33 2.12 2.43 2.78 3.90 3.55 3.47 ..Burundi 604 667 684 690 626 603 614 589 4.21 8.91 13.76 13.86 13.92 16.02 14.04 ..Central African Republic 571 577 598 662 682 688 730 779 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chad 2346 2361 2925 3752 2973 3018 3145 3242 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Comoros 276 252 148 142 131 161 167 191 3.81 13.20 0.54 0.65 7.39 3.54 1.92 ..Congo, Dem. Rep. 5508 5624 6177 5523 5374 5064 5126 4974 2.47 3.08 3.33 3.22 3.67 4.05 3.42 2.36Djibouti 1892 1888 1947 2171 2604 2991 3356 3264 33.27 29.97 28.99 29.21 28.82 31.60 57.79 ..Eritrea 1055 994 945 908 873 796 819 791 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia 8606 10464 12584 16945 21021 23796 26657 28027 5.91 7.05 10.70 11.87 17.24 20.77 20.82 ..Gambia, The 510 546 557 528 533 516 654 681 10.45 9.37 10.99 17.60 14.41 15.33 16.78 ..Guinea 3329 1381 1404 1420 1389 1381 1491 1699 12.80 7.99 4.19 3.56 5.26 2.54 1.36 1.27Guinea-Bissau 284 279 277 271 315 295 343 421 1.72 4.42 0.76 1.20 1.03 3.14 1.90 ..Lesotho 814 877 902 890 888 883 936 915 2.09 2.44 2.94 3.09 3.69 4.20 3.66 3.55Liberia 448 487 532 686 846 970 1147 1256 0.75 1.17 0.94 2.40 8.73 3.08 2.82 ..Madagascar 2867 2993 2939 2962 3007 2976 3382 3716 1.83 2.53 2.29 2.82 4.49 3.66 3.21 2.72Malawi 1213 1331 1566 1666 1721 1850 2184 2266 1.42 2.06 3.15 4.11 4.54 6.18 5.71 ..Mali 2922 3059 3446 3458 3692 3789 4375 4896 2.39 1.76 3.01 2.98 3.28 3.56 4.36 ..Mauritania 3664 4152 4366 4365 4647 4786 4968 4984 4.00 5.09 5.69 9.91 12.68 13.00 13.40 ..Mozambique 6628 7629 11541 13051 13863 13851 15198 15218 18.31 10.02 10.76 13.23 15.09 14.12 24.59 13.14Niger 2233 1816 2010 2023 2239 2535 3059 3260 2.42 2.37 4.05 6.27 6.20 8.39 8.49 ..Rwanda 1461 1815 2315 2910 3452 4319 4825 5488 4.85 7.63 8.43 12.76 12.46 14.45 12.07 12.49Sao Tome and Principe 231 205 218 229 243 248 266 250 5.34 33.44 10.96 13.86 2.86 2.76 4.06 4.52Senegal 4325 4906 5226 5631 5903 6688 8896 12485 8.91 7.57 8.92 7.84 8.78 9.06 12.07 ..Sierra Leone 1050 1334 1395 1427 1551 1598 1716 1713 3.41 1.67 1.55 2.33 6.65 4.08 7.16 ..Somalia 3067 3069 3070 2960 2894 2865 2958 2932 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Sudan 21181 21822 22500 21782 21426 21114 21745 21596 4.87 7.13 4.91 4.31 10.65 6.34 4.02 4.21Tanzania, United Republic of 10011 11579 13134 14503 15278 16189 18397 18585 1.88 1.81 2.73 3.02 3.92 7.39 8.42 ..Togo 622 747 896 986 1064 1170 1634 1761 0.72 1.15 2.26 2.80 3.21 4.79 4.98 ..Uganda 3267 3780 8563 8655 9574 10091 11689 12330 1.48 1.36 1.79 4.19 2.00 17.38 3.68 12.25Zambia 5099 5857 6430 9339 11917 15359 17520 19116 2.34 2.20 2.85 3.70 6.63 9.91 9.27 14.61Total, Africa 134197 150951 178817 192064 201808 212898 226637 238965 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Africa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.02 6.15 6.87 8.90 11.92 15.31 13.46 ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 2628 2729 2587 2613 2637 2597 2717 2605 0.32 0.60 1.58 1.94 3.33 4.67 4.91 ..Bangladesh 27277 28559 31841 33008 36309 38823 47158 52124 6.05 5.92 6.02 5.97 4.73 4.70 5.52 6.33Bhutan 1070 1450 1603 1834 2011 2290 2608 2549 11.21 18.32 11.46 12.22 17.23 16.58 11.05 10.74Cambodia 4471 6561 7431 8130 9698 11602 13016 15336 4.04 6.01 5.72 5.37 4.90 5.06 3.63 4.55Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Lao People's Dem. Rep. 7082 7423 8190 9640 11642 13535 14651 15588 12.84 8.98 10.89 9.43 9.09 10.69 13.52 14.58Myanmar 11100 11477 13766 14349 14291 14149 15012 14936 2.63 12.00 2.71 4.61 3.58 5.70 4.59 4.92Nepal 3828 3812 4013 3986 4151 4304 4963 5478 9.18 10.26 8.80 8.16 8.45 9.31 8.48Solomon Islands 258 228 204 188 207 264 377 389 2.70 4.58 7.31 2.82 2.43 3.85 3.93 5.61Timor-Leste .. 76 89 104 117 81 125 158 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.20 0.32Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 178 182 158 203 257 293 401 402 1.56 1.42 1.71 1.82 1.95 2.08 ..Yemen 6429 7586 7689 7723 7299 7063 7193 7037 2.63 2.70 2.83 3.84 18.94 14.56 .. ..Total, Asia and the Pacific 64322 70083 77572 81778 88618 95001 108221 116601 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, Asia and the Pacific .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.58 6.17 5.00 5.37 5.24 5.64 5.57 ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 776 1163 1569 1952 2096 2168 2170 2213 0.39 0.38 0.81 1.52 1.95 5.37 1.25 1.17Total, all LDCs 199295 222197 257958 275794 292522 310067 337028 357779 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Average, all LDCs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.85 6.12 6.22 7.61 9.12 11.16 10.24 ..

Data downloaded in February 2020.Weight: Exports of goods, services and primary income.

Total debt service (Percentage of exports of goods, services and primary income)External debt stock (DOD, current US$ million)

Table A.7.C: Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building


Foreign Direct Investment

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018AfricaAngola -3024 -1465 -7120 3658 10028 -180 -7397 -5732Benin 161 282 360 405 150 132 200 208Burkina Faso 144 329 490 356 232 390 3 480Burundi 3 1 7 47 7 0.06 0.32 1Central African Republic 37 70 2 3 3 7 7 18Chad 282 580 520 -676 560 245 335 662Comoros 23 10 4 5 5 4 4 8Congo, Dem. Rep. 1687 3312 2098 1843 1674 1205 1340 1494Djibouti 79 110 286 153 124 160 165 265Eritrea 39 41 44 47 49 52 55 61Ethiopia 627 279 1344 1855 2627 3989 4017 3310Gambia, The 36 41 26 36 13 -28 18 29Guinea 956 606 134 77 53 1618 577 483Guinea-Bissau 25 7 20 29 19 24 16 17Lesotho 150 24 84 66 41 48 43 39Liberia 785 985 1061 277 627 453 248 122Madagascar 788 778 551 314 436 451 389 349Malawi 93 81 89 387 510 116 90 102Mali 556 398 308 144 275 356 562 366Mauritania 589 1389 1126 501 502 271 587 71Mozambique 3559 5629 6175 4902 3867 3093 2293 2711Niger 1066 841 719 822 529 301 338 460Rwanda 119 255 258 459 380 342 356 398Sao Tome and Principe 32 23 12 27 29 22 41 17Senegal 338 276 311 403 409 472 587 629Sierra Leone 950 722 430 375 252 138 129 599Somalia 102 107 258 261 303 334 384 409South Sudan .. 161 -793 44 -71 -17 80 191Sudan 1734 2311 1688 1251 1728 1064 1065 1136Tanzania, United Republic of 1229 1800 2087 1416 1561 864 938 1105Togo 711 122 184 54 258 -46 88 102Uganda 894 1205 1096 1059 738 626 803 1337Zambia 1109 1732 2100 1489 1305 663 1108 569Total, Africa 15880 23042 15959 22087 29220 17169 9469 12017Share of global FDI inflows (in %), Africa 1.02 1.57 1.12 1.63 1.44 0.89 0.63 0.93Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 58 47 38 44 163 94 53 139Bangladesh 1136 1293 1599 1551 2235 2333 2152 3613Bhutan 33 54 22 22 4 -7 -10 6Cambodia 1539 2004 2068 1853 1823 2476 2788 3103Kiribati -0.35 -2.39 0.84 2.63 -0.82 1.81 0.79 0.59Lao People's Dem. Rep. 301 294 427 721 1119 997 1599 1320Myanmar 1118 497 584 946 2824 2989 4341 3554Nepal 95 92 71 30 52 106 129 161Solomon Islands 120 24 53 22 32 39 43 12Timor-Leste 47 39 50 49 43 5 7 48Tuvalu -0.12 1 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30Vanuatu 70 78 -19 -18 29 22 24 38Yemen -518 -531 -134 -233 -15 -561 -270 -282Total, Asia and the Pacific 3999 3888 4760 4990 8308 8495 10858 11712Share of global FDI inflows (in %), Asia and the Pacific 0.26 0.26 0.33 0.37 0.41 0.44 0.73 0.90Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 119 156 162 99 106 105 375 105Total, all LDCs 19998 27086 20881 27176 37634 25769 20702 23833Share of global FDI inflows (in %), all LDCs 1.28 1.84 1.46 2.00 1.85 1.34 1.38 1.84

Data downloaded in April 2020.

FDI inflows ($US million)

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/MNE database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics) and calculations by OHRLLS.Note: Totals exclude the financial centres in the Caribbean.

Table A.7.D: Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity Building

Table A.7.E: Mobilizing Financial Resources for Development and Capacity BuildingRemittances

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019eAfricaAngola 11 40 37 31 11 4 1 2 2Benin 172 208 249 304 214 222 195 246 396Burkina Faso 221 210 308 396 385 397 416 437 445Burundi 45 46 49 56 51 31 34 34 36Central African Republic .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chad .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Comoros 108 110 116 126 129 131 132 134 140Congo, Dem. Rep. 1128 856 1001 756 1167 593 1076 1823 1945Djibouti 32 33 36 36 63 58 59 59 61Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Ethiopia 513 938 833 1796 1087 772 393 393 411Gambia, The 91 106 110 138 136 207 228 228 235Guinea 65 66 93 121 131 52 44 32 33Guinea-Bissau 52 46 64 92 85 56 105 55 47Lesotho 649 555 463 393 371 344 401 430 441Liberia 523 547 413 512 654 580 403 388 411Madagascar 335 331 358 344 327 299 343 475 484Malawi 25 28 34 38 41 34 41 41 43Mali 784 827 895 920 817 827 883 945 964Mauritania .. .. .. .. .. .. 77 77 82Mozambique 130 174 152 155 143 93 258 296 306Niger 166 152 146 219 172 176 263 290 293Rwanda 174 182 170 184 159 173 215 261 276Sao Tome and Principe 7 6 27 27 20 18 18 18 18Senegal 1614 1576 1777 1929 1757 1979 2144 2422 2495Sierra Leone 59 65 70 62 48 47 48 48 51Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..South Sudan .. .. .. 2 1139 1083 634 200 211Sudan 824 596 620 507 151 153 213 425 555Tanzania, United Republic of 410 390 382 389 388 403 403 403 421Togo 244 345 397 427 364 367 403 495 510Uganda 816 913 941 888 902 1146 1166 1230 1507Zambia 46 73 54 58 47 38 94 107 112Total, Africa 9245 9420 9793 10909 10958 10285 10690 11992 12933Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 179 219 334 253 349 652 734 920 884Bangladesh 12071 14120 13867 14988 15296 13574 13502 15562 17539Bhutan 10 18 12 14 20 34 43 58 61Cambodia 611 855 1003 1103 1185 1200 1295 1433 1517Kiribati 17 18 17 16 14 16 18 18 19Lao People's Dem. Rep. 110 203 170 188 189 189 243 239 254Myanmar 127 275 1644 1864 2005 2346 2578 2850 3035Nepal 4217 4793 5589 5889 6730 6612 6928 8316 8643Solomon Islands 17 21 21 16 19 20 16 19 20Timor-Leste 137 120 34 44 62 80 87 40 41Tuvalu 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4Vanuatu 22 22 24 28 24 27 27 27 27Yemen 1404 3351 3343 3351 3351 3771 3771 3771 3877Total, Asia and the Pacific 18927 24018 26062 27758 29246 28526 29245 33257 35920Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 1551 1612 1781 1977 2196 2359 2722 3142 3289Total, all LDCs 29723 35050 37635 40644 42400 41170 42657 48392 52142


Migrant remittance inflows ($US million)

Source: World Bank staff calculation based on data from IMF Balance of Payments Statistics database and data releases from central banks, national statistical agencies, and World Bank country desks. 2019e means that it is only expected data for 2019 as of April 2019.

Signature Ratification AccessionAfricaAngola 10 December 2003 29 August 2006Benin 10 December 2003 14 October 2004Burkina Faso 10 December 2003 10 October 2006Burundi 10 March 2006Central African Republic 11 February 2004 6 October 2006Chad 26 June 2018Comoros 10 December 2003 11 October 2012Congo, Dem. Rep. 23 September 2010Djibouti 17 June 2004 20 April 2005Eritrea Ethiopia 10 December 2003 26 November 2007Gambia, The 8 July 2015Guinea 15 July 2005 29 May 2013Guinea-Bissau 10 September 2007Lesotho 16 September 2005 16 September 2005Liberia 16 September 2005Madagascar 10 December 2003 22 September 2004Malawi 21 September 2004 4 December 2007Mali 9 December 2003 18 April 2008Mauritania 25 October 2006Mozambique 25 May 2004 9 April 2008Niger 11 August 2008Rwanda 30 November 2004 4 October 2006Sao Tome and Principe 8 December 2005 12 April 2006Senegal 9 December 2003 16 November 2005Sierra Leone 9 December 2003 30 September 2004Somalia South Sudan 23 January 2015Sudan 14 January 2005 5 September 2014Tanzania, United Republic of 9 December 2003 25 May 2005Togo 10 December 2003 6 July 2005Uganda 9 December 2003 9 September 2004Zambia 11 December 2003 7 December 2007Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 20 February 2004 25 August 2008Bangladesh 27 February 2007Bhutan 15 September 2005 21 September 2016Cambodia 5 September 2007Kiribati 27 September 2013Lao People's Dem. Rep. 10 December 2003 25 September 2009Myanmar 2 December 2005 20 December 2012Nepal 10 December 2003 31 March 2011Solomon Islands 6 January 2012Timor-Leste 10 December 2003 27 March 2009Tuvalu 4 September 2015 4 September 2015Vanuatu 12 July 2011Yemen 11 December 2003 7 November 2005Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 10 December 2003 14 September 2009


Status of adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption

Source: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (http://www.unodc.org/).

Table A.8.A: Good Governance at all LevelsSignatories of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption

2017 Score 2019 Score 2019 Rank 2019** Score 2019** Rank 2019** Score 2019** Rank 2019** Score 2019** RankAfricaAngola 39.01 41.29 177 36.20 174 79.40 146 28.10 186Benin 51.58 52.40 149 68.90 110 90.60 65 41.50 162Burkina Faso 51.15 51.40 151 66.60 122 88.20 88 41.10 165Burundi 45.91 46.77 166 47.30 169 92.90 44 43.00 158Central African Republic 32.35 35.57 184 52.40 164 63.20 180 31.40 183Chad 35.53 36.94 182 37.00 173 52.50 186 45.50 153Comoros 46.87 47.87 160 66.90 120 76.50 158 33.00 179Congo, Dem. Rep. 34.57 36.21 183 3.50 187 91.60 54 33.30 178Djibouti 50.88 60.50 112 59.40 147 84.30 123 48.40 144Eritrea 21.37 21.60 189 0.00 188 52.90 185 55.90 107Ethiopia 46.15 47.98 159 56.00 156 71.70 168 62.80 67Gambia, The 47.76 50.29 155 67.80 115 84.60 119 50.90 129Guinea 46.71 49.43 156 47.80 167 84.50 122 53.90 118Guinea-Bissau 42.92 43.23 174 59.60 146 75.50 161 38.60 171Lesotho 58.56 59.43 122 91.90 40 88.20 84 57.20 99Liberia 43.58 43.23 175 19.20 184 88.90 75 35.20 175Madagascar 46.38 47.73 161 61.00 140 88.50 80 50.00 136Malawi 59.52 60.94 109 65.30 127 77.90 153 47.40 149Mali 52.88 52.94 148 73.30 95 84.30 124 42.80 159Mauritania 48.45 51.06 152 60.30 144 92.20 49 66.00 48Mozambique 52.79 55.00 138 73.80 94 69.30 176 39.80 168Niger 51.17 56.76 132 65.40 126 91.50 56 54.70 114Rwanda 71.07 76.48 38 75.00 88 93.20 35 69.10 32Sao Tome and Principe 44.67 44.97 170 .. .. .. .. .. ..Senegal 54.02 59.28 123 60.90 142 91.20 60 50.60 132Sierra Leone 47.09 47.46 163 51.90 165 91.30 58 55.90 108Somalia 19.98 20.04 190 51.60 166 46.00 188 54.60 116South Sudan 31.64 34.62 185 26.20 180 71.00 172 59.00 84Sudan 45.00 44.83 171 19.00 185 76.70 157 47.80 148Tanzania, United Republic of 53.98 54.46 141 20.20 182 74.40 162 61.70 71Togo 48.75 62.29 97 63.70 131 95.10 15 49.00 140Uganda 57.87 59.98 116 66.70 121 71.40 169 60.60 77Zambia 64.23 66.94 85 56.90 155 84.90 117 50.80 130Average, Africa 46.80 49.09 .. 52.24 .. 80.14 .. 48.74 ..Asia and the PacificAfghanistan 37.13 44.06 173 30.60 177 92.00 52 31.80 181Bangladesh 41.56 45.05 168 31.80 176 82.40 131 22.20 189Bhutan 65.77 65.97 89 94.20 30 86.40 103 70.00 29Cambodia 53.39 53.84 144 67.30 118 52.40 187 31.70 182Kiribati 46.16 46.94 164 62.10 135 78.40 149 53.40 121Lao People's Dem. Rep. 49.99 50.82 154 78.10 78 62.70 181 42.00 161Myanmar 42.97 46.83 165 47.70 168 89.30 70 26.40 187Nepal 59.98 63.19 94 85.10 60 81.70 135 46.00 151Solomon Islands 54.88 55.26 136 53.40 160 85.60 110 43.50 157Timor-Leste 37.99 39.36 181 69.90 107 89.40 68 6.10 190Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Vanuatu 60.92 61.05 107 59.10 148 81.50 137 49.30 138Yemen 31.27 31.76 187 0.00 188 76.80 156 48.50 143Average, Asia and the Pacific 50.07 52.04 .. 61.75 .. 80.16 .. 38.40 ..Latin America and the CaribbeanHaiti 37.75 40.72 179 76.90 85 36.40 189 51.60 127Average, all LDCs 47.05 49.23 .. 53.95 .. 79.10 .. 46.27 ..


*Score: 0 = lowest performance to 100 = best performance; Rank: 1=most business-friendly regulations** as of May 2019

Table A.8.B: Good Governance at all LevelsDoing Business Ranking and Indices

Ease of Doing Business Index* Trading Across Borders Index* Starting a Business Index* Enforcing Contract*

Source: The Doing Business project. The World Bank.

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