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STEM Field Investigations. Bridging the natural curiosity of the learner with the disciplinary pursuits of science. Field Investigations. Working together. Pacific Northwest Salmon Center. Introductions. Who are you? Where and what do you teach? What brought you here this lovely August day?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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STEM Field InvestigationsBridging the natural curiosity of the
learner with the disciplinary pursuits of science
Field InvestigationsWorking together
Pacific Northwest Salmon Center
IntroductionsWho are you? Where and what do you teach? What brought you here this
lovely August day?
Learning Targets
Developing field investigation questions
Using outdoors to teach science standards
Planning and implementing a field investigation with your class
Assessing field investigations
Community resources
Agenda1) Systems
2) Investigative Questions Descriptive Comparative Correlative
3) Comparative Investigation Process
4) Assessing Student Work
5) Designing an Investigation
The Science Symbol
Systems Understanding: What is a System?
Content background (systems understanding) is crucial to
asking good questions
Systems Definitions from page 1
An assemblage of inter-related parts or conditions through which matter, energy and information flow
An organized group of related objects or components that form a whole
A collection of things and processes that interact to perform some function. The scientific idea of a system implies detailed attention to inputs and outputs and interactions among system components.
Notebook Features Name on cover! Table of Contents Number pages
What’s missing? Dates are crucial!
Before you go outside, you should…
Get to know your outdoor space. Purpose Accessibility Size Boundaries Impact
Consider weather Clothing Wind & Rain
Plan for Safety & Comfort! Emergency Plans First Aid
Managing StudentsField science activities are not recess!
Routines Science Door Transition Behavior Home Base Sharing Circle Attention Signal Focus Question Buddy System Boundaries
Ground Rules Walk quickly and quietly to go outdoors. Outdoor science is not recess. Listen to the teacher’s instructions. Freeze when the teacher rings the bell. Stay inside the boundaries. Don’t make noise near the classrooms. Don’t injure plants and animals in any way. Leave the outdoor environment the way you found
it.
Local System
Go outside and observe the local system
Draw and label parts of the system
List questions you have about the system
Local System
What were the parts of the local system?
Forest System
Deciduous Tree
Coniferous Tree
Ferns
Moss
Bare Soil
Tree stump
Air
Local System
What were some of your questions?
Systems Questions
We want to ask students systems questions:
What role do the plants in the ecosystem play? Identify one transfer or transformation of energy
in the ecosystem. What are some inputs and outputs to the
ecosystem? Describe interactions between plants and animals
in the ecosystem. Between living and non-living components
Systems Questions
More Systems Questions
Function of parts Energy forms and transfers Roles of parts in ecosystem Interconnections in ecosystem Lifecycles Adaptations Inputs and outputs Subsystems
Systems Questions
Essential Questions
Big picture questions
Cannot be answered with one investigation
Connect various investigations
Essential Questions
Three Types:
Investigation Questions
Descriptive Questions Comparative Questions Correlative Questions
Read page 11.
What is the difference?
Investigation Questions
How many ___ are there in a given area?
How frequently does ___ happen in a given period?
What is the (temp., speed, height, mass density, force, pH, etc.) of ___?
When does ___ happen during the year? (flowering, fruit, babies born, etc)
Where does ___ occur over time? (What is an animal’s range?)
Descriptive Questions
Is there a difference in ____ between group (or condition) A and group B?
Is there a difference in ___ between or among different locations?
Is there a difference in ___ at different times (seasons)?
Comparative Questions
What is the relationship between variable #1 and variable #2?
Does ___ go up when ___ goes down?
How does ___ change as ___ changes?
Correlation Questions
Sort Questions as to whether Descriptive, Comparative, or Correlative
Investigation Questions
Descriptive
Comparative
Correlative
Temperature Investigation
Temperature Investigation
What will we measure? (measured, responding, dependent variable)
What is the manipulated (independent) variable?
Black Top, Sand, Grass
TEMPERATURE
Temperature Investigation
Work with your table group to write a comparative investigative question into your science notebook
Measured variable: Temperature
Manipulated variable (location): sand, black top, grass
Temperature Investigation
What is the manipulated (independent) variable? Underline the manipulated variable in the question
What will we measure? (measured, responding, dependent variable) Double underline what we will measure in the question
Constant Variables
What should we keep the same (controlled variables) in this investigation?
How should we make sure our samples are random and representative of the area? (validity measures)
Decision
• Students new to investigations and writing procedures benefit by going outside and making some initial measurements.
• Students proficient at writing procedures may not need this step.
Write a prediction with reason
Address one condition of the manipulated (changed) variable
What do you predict you will observe or measure with this condition?
Give a reason
HypothesisPrediction
Question: Which location:___________________, ____________________, ___________________has the highest surface temperature °C in the schoolyard?Prediction:________________________________________________________________________Date______________________Time____________Weather___________________Study site (location) ___________________Study site Description ____________________________Materials: _____________________________________________________________________
Location vs. Surface Temperature °CLocation Surface Temperature °C
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Trial 6 Trial 7 Trial 8 Trial 9 Trial 10
Ave Surface Temp °C
Temperature Investigation-Data Sheet
DATE
TIME
PLACE
Thermometers
Stopwatch or timer
3 locations: black top, sand, on top of the grass
List Materials
Temperature Investigation
Write up the procedure.
Remember to include:
The manipulated (independent) variableThe responding (dependent) variable The controlled variables
1.Record date time and place2.Describe study site3.Go to the first location on the sand4.Place the thermometer flat on the ground5.Shade thermometer with sheet of paper 1 meter above ground
6.Wait 3 minutes and record the temperature as trial 1
7.Repeat steps 4-5 for the other 2 locations on the black top and on the grass
8.Repeat the entire investigation steps 3-6 two more times*
Investigation Procedure
1.Record date time and place2.Describe study site3.Go to the first location on top of sand4.Place the thermometer flat on the ground5.Shade thermometer with sheet of paper 1 meter above ground
6.Wait 3 minutes and record the temperature as trial 1
7.Repeat steps 4-5 for the other 2 locations on the blacktop and on the grass
8.Repeat the entire investigation steps 3-6 two more times*
Investigation Procedure
1.Record date time and place2.Describe study site3.Go to the first location on top of sand4.Place the thermometer flat on the ground5.Shade thermometer with sheet of paper 1 meter above ground
6.Wait 3 minutes and record the temperature as trial 1
7.Repeat steps 4-5 for the other 2 locations on the black top and on the grass
8.Repeat the entire investigation steps 3-6 two more times*
Investigation Procedure
Temperature Investigation
Last minute details!
• Data Sheet
• Check out the rubric. This is what is expected on Washington State assessments, such as MSP and Biology EOC.
*Rubric on page 27 and sample on page 28.
Temperature Investigation
What was the highest temperature anyone recorded?
What was the lowest temperature? Initially does it appear your prediction was
correct? Anything you would want to do differently
next time?
Organizing and Analyzing Data
Dearborn Park Elementary, March 18, 2005 2:30 pmAverage Temperature °F on top of the Ground at 3
Locations
63 °F
51 °F
50 °F
xxx
Locatio
nSurface
Temperature °FTrial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Ave°F
Under a
bush51
54 50 50 51
On the
Black top
65
68 59 59 63
On the
open Grass
50
51 49 48 50
Graphs
Maps
Tables
Location
Surface Temperature °F
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average°F
Under a bush
51 54 50 50
On the Black top
65 68 59 59
On the open Grass
50 51 49 48
March 18, 2005, 2:30 pmDearborn Park Elementary, Seattle, WashingtonSunny afternoon
Location vs. Surface Temperature °F
Collecting and Organizing Data
Location Surface Temperature °CTrial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
°C
August 1 or 2, 2008, TimeIslandwood, Bainbridge Island, WashingtonWeather
Location vs. Surface Temperature °C
Analyzing Data
Calculate the average temperature for your trials.
Analyzing Data
• Write your Blacktop temperature on the Yellow Post-it note
• Write your On the Sand temperature on the Blue Post-it note.
Analyzing Data Place post-its on the number line
North Location Soil Temperatures ° F
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
42
48
48
48
46
46
46
48
50
50
54
50 54
54
54
52
52 5856
South Location Soil Temperatures ° F
Temperature Investigation
Write a conclusion for your temperature data.
Scoring Your Conclusion
Turn to page 33 to see the MSP/ EOC scoring guide.
Let’s Do Lunch!
Looking at Student Work
Read through the sample of student work on page 36 and page 38.
Using the rubric on page 86 score the conclusions from each of these samples, first on your own and then compare scores with your table.
Looking at Student Work
Now read the samples on page 39 and 40.
Using the rubric on page 86 score the conclusions from each of these samples, first on your own and then compare scores with your table.
Let’s take a break…
Planning a New Investigation
Let’s look at our questions.
Which could we try to answer or at least begin to understand better this afternoon?
Planning a New Investigation
With one or two other people choose one measurement/method and plan a new investigation.
1. Come up with a comparative question
2. Prepare to collect data.
Your Investigation
Make Data Collection Sheet
Question at the top
Prediction
Space for date, time, study site location
Study Site Description/weather space
Your Investigation
Make Data Collection Sheet: Clear Title (describes what is to be observed/measured)
Manipulated (independent) Variable:
Responding Variable: Space for data clearly labeled (with proper units when applicable):
Multiple trials clearly labeled and space for averages/calculations if applicable:
Your Investigation
Remember when writing your procedure to include:
The manipulated (independent) variable
The responding (dependent) variable
The controlled variables
Multiple trials
Score your procedure…
1) Study site description with date, time, and place
2) Changed (manipulated) variable
3) Measured (responding) variable
4) Kept the same (controlled variable)
5) Trials repeated
6) When observations/measurements (data) recorded
7) Validity measures-random or representative sampling
8) Logical steps -could this investigation be repeated with similar/comparable results?
Page 27
Your Conclusion
Analyze your data. Write your conclusion. Score your
conclusion.Use page 33 as a guide.
What do we now know?
Wrap-Up and Looking Forward
Sampling Techniques
Estimating populations
Transects and Quadrats
10 cm
1 Meter
Common ways to sample the environment
Variety of tools can be used
Transects and Quadrats
1 M
The Big Picture
Classification Matter and energy flows in the system Structure and function of parts and
organisms Adaptations
Concepts and Processes
Tips for reinforcing concepts and process
Diagram systems and label Describe functions or categorize parts
Describe energy transfers and transformations in system
Plan and conduct comparative investigations Write predictions with reasons Create data tables following format Have students do multiple trials Write procedures Write conclusions
Looking forward….
Resources AFWA materials Project WET, WILD, PLT, HCHP, Aquatic
WILD Local www.wetsoundgreenstem.net OESD support- Learning Community,
Science Kit pages
Reflections
Paperwork