Step 3 mix

3  1)1....Tf4+2.Txd4Txd4.(discoveredcheck)TheX-rayprotectionofthecheckingbishopisnecessary.After1.Td2+

Whiteplayshiskingandafteranyotherdiscoveredcheck2.…Txd4willfollow. 2)1.Dd2(1.Dd3?Lf4+).(doubleattack:X-rayattack). 3)1.Dc3+Dxc3stalemate(defendingbystalemate) 4)Whiteexploitsthematerialsupremacyontheking’swing.Provokingaweaknessandmating. 1.De4g62.De5+. 1.Pe6Tf6.Blackcaneasilyprotecthimselfagainstthematingthreat. 1.Pf7+Txf72.Lxf7Dxc3.abadidea,evenifthecheckbytheknightbringsinagainofmaterial.Theknightisastrong-

erattackerherethantherook. 5)1....Td52.Txd5Dxg4+3.Kf1cxd5.Blackattacksthepinnedrookonf5.Whitecannotprotecttherookandthankstothe

in-betweenmovewithcheckBlackwinsarook. 6)1.Pg6+hxg62.Th3#(mateintwobyaccess) 7)1....b52.Pxd4bxa4(trapping) 8)1....Pf42.Kg1andBlackcanchoosefrom:2.…Txe2and2.…Dg5+whicharethemostconvincingmoves.(discov-

eredattack) 9)1....Dxc1+2.Txc1Td1+(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate).Therookonc8pinsTd8andtherefore1.…

Td1+isnothandyatonce.10)1.Tf8+(after1.Txc7Tc52.Tb7Txe4canBlackplayon)1....Kg72.T8f7+Kh63.Th1+Kg54.Tg1+(perpetual

check)11) 1.Txg4(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)12)1.h4(1.Lf6?h42.Lxh4Kg2)1....Kg42.Lf6.Itistheonlywaytokeepthelastpawnontheboard.

4  1)1....Txh3+(thankstoapin)2.Kg1Txh4(doubleattack:rook) 2)1....Lg7(1....Kg7?2.Lh6+)(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 3)1.Dxh7+Kxh72.Th4#(accessanddoublecheck) 4)1.c4d32.a5(squareofthepawn) 5)1.Pb6+cxb62.Da8#(mateintwobyaccessandlineclearing) 6)1.Db7Dd8.Theonlymove,therookmustkeepprotectingLa7. 7)1.Td8+Dxd82.Dxe6#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 8)1....Df8(1....Kh72.De4+)(gettingoutofcheck–avoidingadoubleattack) 9) InthisgamebyayoungplayerBlackplayed1....Ta8.Itisnotlogicaltoprotectapawnunderattackbyanactiverook.

White’slastmoveTd4-a4threatensawinningdiscoveredattack.Onlyattackingtherookparriesthethreatandgivessomecounter-play:

1....b52.Txa7b4ande4islost. 1....a62.e5iswinningapiece. 1....Tfe82.e5iswinningapiece.10)1.Pxb3Dxg4(1....Tc42.Pd4;1....Txb32.Dxb4)2.Lxg4.GainingapiecethankstoX-rayprotection.11) 1....Lf4!Winstheknight.otherwisethekingwillnotenterthesquareofthepawnanylongerafter2....d2 (Van Zuylen van

Nyevelt 1792)12)1.Th8+(1.Kb6?Da7+)1....Ka72.Th7+Kb83.Kb6.Twosmartin-betweenmovespreventthecheckona7.

5  1)1.Kxc7+Dxg22.Db8#(discoveredcheck)Thefrontpiecebecomeshelper. 2)1.Dh8+Kxh82.Txf8#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 3)1....Lxd42.c3Df6.Thecounter-attackonthequeensavesthepinnedpiece. 4)1.g8D+Kxg8stalemate(defendingbystalemate) 5)1.Ld5Txd5(1....Lxd52.e8D#;1....Txb72.e8D#(2.Lxb7?Le8))2.b8D+(cashinginapassedpawn) 6)1....g5(eliminationofthedefence:chasingaway+mate) 7)1.Lg5Dg62.Lxe7(doubleattack:X-rayattack) 8)CanWhitestoptheh-pawn? 1.Txg6+winsbecauseafter1.…Kf72.Tf6+therookcomestof1.After1.…Kh82.Kg5h1D3.Th6Whitewinsthe

pawnendingeasily.AfterKxe6Whiteisalreadyonakeysquare. 1.Tg1withoutthee-pawnsthismovewouldbeenoughforadraw.Promotiontoaqueenorrookisstalemate,promotiontoa

bishoplosesallpawns.Blackkeepsthee-pawninfriendlyhands. 1.Kxg6h1Dcanimmediatelybedismissed. 9)1.Te1Txh3+2.Te3(defendingagainstadoubleattack–X-rayattack)10)1.Lf7makesuseofthevulnerablepositionoftheblackpieces.Protectingthebishopisnotpossible(1.…Tc82.Le6+)

andcapturingonf7givesWhiteapassedpawnwhichcannotbestopped.11) 1.Tc5+!(1.Txa8?stalemate)2....bxc53.Txa8(avoidingstalemate)(Tarasiuk 2013)12)1....Tb12.Df3(2.Tf1Da1)2....Da1.Supremacyoftheblackpiecesexploitsthevulnerabilityofthebackrank.

6  1)1.Dxa3+(1.Kb2Pc4+2.Ka1d2;1.Ka1Pc2+2.Kb1Pa3+3.Dxa3+)1....Kxa32.Lc5#(mateintwo):luring) 2)1.Ta8+Kb7(1.…Kd72.Txd2+)2.Txd8(X-raycheckandX-rayprotection) 3)Picture 4)Whitehasavulnerablepawnone4(cannotbeprotectedbyanotherpawn).Thepawnisalsointhewayofthebishop. 1.Pd5Dc5+(1....Pxd52.exd5)2.Kh1Pg43.h3 1.Pf5anactivemovebutasingleknightcannotdomuch.Blackplays1.…Dc5+and2.…Pe5.Thewhitebishopremains

inactive. 1.Df2preventsonlythatBlacktakesone4(1.…Pxe42.Lxe4Dxe43.Dxf7+).Blackcanplay1.…Dc5or1.…

Tad8.Thee-pawnremainsweak. 5)1....Ld82.Dd7Lb6+Thequeencannotremainprotectingb6.Ahiddenpin. 6)1.Pd6#(mateinonethanksto3xapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 7)1....Txd2(1....Pc42.Dc7)2.Txd2Df1+3.Td1Df4+(perpetualcheck) 8)1.Pd5Lf82.Pxb6+(or2.Ld7+)(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 9)1....f52.Kg2Pf4+.Withthepawnong3themovewiththeknighttof4iscompletelyoutofsight.Thatexplainsmistakes

like2.Kg2(2.exf5iscorrecttomaketheblacke-pawnupvulnerable)understandable.10)1....Db7+(after1.….Db1+thekingescapestoh3)2.Dc6Dxc6+3.Txc6Txc6Interposingonc6isforcedandappears

asafemovebutthankstotheX-rayprotectionBlackwinsawholerook.11) 1....Le4+2.Kf1Lxd3+(discoveredcheck).Thebackpieceischasing,thefrontpieceislookingforasuitabletarget.That

isnottherookbecauseWhiteisthreateningmateone8.12)1....Pf4+(1....Pe3+?2.Kg1)2.Kg1Ph3#(doublecheck).Thebackpieceispinnedsothatmateong2isnotpossible.

7  1)1.b3Txh42.c7(cashinginapassedpawn) 2)1....Kh8(1....Pxe72.Pf6+)(gettingoutofcheckandavoidingadoubleattack) 3)1....De1+2.Lf1Dxf1+3.Kh2De2+4.Kh1De1+.Drawbyperpetualcheck.Whitecannotallowthatthequeencan

takeone5withcheck. 4)1....Td2+2.Kg3Lxe3(chasingaway+material) 5)1.Tb1Dd22.Txb7(doubleattack:X-rayattack) 6)1....Pxe52.dxe5Dxf3(capturing+material)or2.….Pxe5Dxh1(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 7)1.Ke4(1.Ld8?f32.Lh4f23.Lxf2Kg5)1....Kg52.Kf3.Theonlywaytokeepthelastpawnontheboard. 8)1.Pexg6+hxg62.Pxg6+Ke83.Dh8#(mateinthreethankstopinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 9)1.Dh5.Activatingthequeeniscorrect.Thethreat2.Pg6cannotbestoppedwithoutlossofmaterial,otherwisemate:1…h6

2.Pg6+. 1.0–0Notabadmove(developingandkingsafe)butgetusedtolookforabettermove. 1.Tc1Alsoadevelopingmove.Itisnotclearyetwhichfileisthebestfortherook.Notmovingtherookisobviousthen.

AfterLxc3Whitewilltakewiththepawnanyway(improvesthecentre)10)1....Lc12.Pd2Lxb211) 1....Dg3.Activatingthequeen:moreactiveisenough.After2.Df3Dh4+3.Dh3De1+winsquickly.12)1.Le8and2.Pg6#(mateintwo)

8  1)1.Pb5Don’ttakebackwithoutthinking.Themoveoftheknightthreatensaforkonc7.Blackcannotpreventthat. 1.fxe4Thepawnisacentrepawnandthatisfine.Itcontrolssquares,itisnotbeingattackedanditclearssquaref3.The

moveisthebestifamoveoftheknighttob5(ord5)wouldnotbepossible. 1.Pxe4.Knightinthecentrebutitcanbeeasilychasedawaybyf5. 2)1....Txe6(defendingagainstmatethankstopinnedpieceisnotagooddefender).ThethreatwasTf7#. 3)1.Dh4+Ke52.Dxd8(X-raycheck) 4)1....Pxd42.Db2Pxf5(doubleattack:knight,thankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 5)1....Kd8(1....Kf8?2.Pd7+)(gettingoutofcheckandavoidingaknightfork) 6)1.Dc4a52.Dxc6+bxc63.La6#(matebyaccess).Aknownmatingpatternwithtwobishops. 7)1.Ke7(helpingthepassedpawnandholdingofftheenemyking)(Averbakh 1954) 8)1....Pg4+2.hxg4Dh6#(mateintwobyaccess) 9)1.Dc7(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate).Thethreats2.Dxe8and2.Dxe7arenottobeparried.10)1.Ke3(1.Lxb5?Kd42.Lc6b53.Lxb5Kc3).Holdingofftheenemykingfirstistheonlywaytopreservethelastpawn

ontheboard.11) 1.Lf3(anoversightis1.Lg6hxg6+2.Kxg6Le4+)1....Lxf3stalemate(Velijkhanov 1990)12)1.Dh4+(1.Dxa2Lxf3)1....Dxh42.g4+.Whitelurestheblackqueenawayandmates.

9 1)1.Td1(trapping) 2)1....Kb7(1....Lxa52.Pd6).Blacktrapstheknight.Whitecannotcapturethebishop,thekingmustremaininsidethe

squareofthec-pawn. 3)1....Lxc32.Dg4+Kh8.Blackthoughttowinapiecewithcapturingonc3.Whatawasteofthenicebishop,1.…Dxa4

wouldbebetter.Recognizingyourmistakeintimeandtryingtosavethepiece:2....Lg73.Lh6ismating. 4)1.Tbb5!(1.Tba4Pg3).(thepin:attackingapinnedpiecethankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)(Stavrietsky

2009) 5)1....Pf4+(1....Pe3+?2.Lg3Pxd13.Taxd1)2.Kh1Dg2#(discoveredcheck).Donotfirethefrontpiecedirectlyat

thequeen.Firsthavealookifthereissomethingbetter. 6)1.e6!(toplayforawinloses1.Kf5Kf32.Kf6Kf4)1....fxe6stalemate(Zinar 1984) 7)1.Th5+gxh52.Dg7#(mateintwobyaccess) 8)HowdoesBlackprotecthisb-pawn? 1....b5.NormallyitisnotrecommendedbecauseBlackgetstwoweakpawns(a6andc6).Herethemovewiththepawnis

fantasticbecausethewhiterookcanplaynomoremoves. 1....0–0–0.Developingandprotectingseemslogicalandcastlingisalsonotbad,butbyfarnotthebest. 1....Ta7.Notonlyanuglymove,butalsoitcostsapawnafter2.Lb8and3.Txb7. 9)1.Dd4+Kg82.Kf1(defendingagainstmatebypreparinginterposing)10)1.Pf5Dd8(1....De52.Lf4)2.Pxd6.Thequeencannolongerprotectd6.Chasingaway+materialbecauseBlackmay

notcapturetheknight.11) 1....Pe5(doubleattack:knight,thankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)12)1.Tfe2Kg62.T2e6+Df63.Txf6+(exploitingvulnerability:thekinghaslittlemobilityandthequeenisinsuchcasesa

worthlessdefender).

10  1)1.Df4+Kd52.Dc4#(mateintwo:chasing) 2)1....Td82.Dc4Dxd43.Dxd4Txd4(doubleattack:X-rayattack).FirsttakingwiththequeenbecauseLc8mustremain

protected. 3)1.a7!(1.Kg6?Kc6)1....Lxa72.f6!(2.Kg6?Ld4).Drawbyexchangingthelastpawn. 4)1.Dg6+Tg72.Dxf6(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+material) 5)1....Dxe2+!2.Lxe2Kxb7.Drawbyeliminatingthelastpawn. 6)1....e5.Firstprotectingthed-pawnandonlyafter2.Pf3play2....De7. 1....De7.Themoveplayedpinsthec-pawnbutWhitecancaptureond4. 1....bxc5.Alsonotlogical.After2.Dxc5Blackcannotprotectthed-pawninaproperway. 7)1.Pxf6+Dxf62.Dxf6(discoveredattack).Suddenlytheg-pawnispinned. 8)1.Ke6(1.La2?Kd42.Lb1d5)1....cxd52.exd5Kb63.Kxd6.Transposingtoawonpawnending. 9)1....Df4+2.g3Tc2+.Exploitingvulnerability:byamaterialsupremacyandlackofdefenders.10)1.Dh5+Kg82.Txd4.(in-betweenmoveandapinnedisnotagooddefender)11) 1....Kh7(1....Txf82.Dh6+)2.Dh4+Lh6+(gettingoutofcheckandpreventingthethreatDh6+)12)1.Tf5(1.Kc4?Txc2#)1....Lxf5+2.Kc4(defendingagainstmatebymakingaflightsquare)

11  1)1.Pf4Ke12.Pd3+Ke23.Pxf2.Eliminatingthepawn. 2)1.Ld6Txb72.axb7(creatingapassedpawn) 3)Thebishopishanging.HowdoesBlackdefend?Bealwaysawareofthepossibilitiesoftheopponent:theexistingonesand

thenewonesafterthemoveplayed! 1....Db7.Thequeenprotectsbothbishopsfromb7andpreventsPxd5.Thecorrectmove. 1....Lf6.Keepanexistingthreatinmind:Pxd5. 1....Dc72.Pxd5isnowpossiblebecausethebishopona6isnolongerprotected. 4)1....Kf4(1....Kf32.Kg7Kg33.Kxh6Kxh3)2.Kg7Kg5.Akingcanalwayschoosedifferentroutes.Sometimesit

makesnodifference,oftenitdoes. 5)1....Dxg5(1....Dxe1+2.Kh2)2.Dxg5Lc2(defendingagainstmate).Blackhasenoughmaterialforthequeen.Giving

materialisalwaysbetterthanbeingmated. 6)1.Lh6+Dg7(1....Lg72.Dh8#)2.Dh8#(mateintwobyluringadefenderintoapin) 7)1.Lxa7c5.Pawna7waspoisoned.Thebishopwillbelost. 8)1.Pxc6De8(1....bxc62.La6#)2.Pxa7#.Matingpattern:LL.Blackcangivehisqueenawaywith1.…Td8.Forthe

enthusiasts. 9)1.Tdb1(1.Tab1?Pb6or1....Pe5)1....De52.Dxb4(doubleattack:X-rayattack)10)1.Pd4+(1.e5Lxg7)(gettingoutofcheckbyinterposingwithtempo)11) 1.Lb4De82.Dh5+(bringingintheguard)12)1.Dg6Dxd32.Dxe6+(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate)

12  1)1....Dxd42.cxd4Lb3#(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate)

 2)1....Pe4+2.Kh1Pf2+3.Dxf2Dxf2(discoveredcheck) 3)1.Ta4Dc4+2.Txc4(trapping) 4)Picture:GMJeroenPiket 5)Picture 6)1.g4Tac7(1....Ld72.Pxd7+).Thecounter-attackistheonlydefence. 7)1.h3.Makinganescapesquareishandyiftherearenourgentmatters.After1....Le62.Dxa7Blackisthankstohismore

activepiecessomewhatbetter. 1.Te1.PreventsapossiblemateonthebackranktoobutBlacknowcanplayforexchangingqueenswith1.…Dd2(that

costsnomovetoprotecta7).Whitedoesn’twinhispawnback. 1.Pc4.Tooactive.After1.…Dd1+2.De1Dxe1+3.Txe1Le6Whiteremainsjustapawndown.Theblackrookcan

quicklyenterond2. 8)1.Lh7(defendingagainstmate) 9)1.exd5e42.Kc4exf33.Kd3.Noteverybreakthroughworks.Thewhitekingisinthesquareofthepawn.10)1.Tf7+Kxf72.De7#(mateintwobyclearingasquare)11) 1.Pf7+Kg82.Ph6+(perpetualcheck).Thematingthreatonh1prevents2.Pxd6.12)1.g4Df32.Pf8+(threateningmate,bringingintheguard)

13  1)1....Kd32.Kf7Ke43.Kxg8Kf5(activatingthekingandeliminatingthelastpawn) 2)1.Dc7+(1.b5+?Pxb5)1....Kd52.Dxc3(X-raycheck) 3)1....h4(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 4)Whitecantakebackinthreewaysond4.Thinkingisrequired. 1.cxd4.Whiteimproveshispawnstructure.ThatBlackcanexchangethebishopond3with1.….Pb4isapity.Theadvan-

tagesofastrongcentrearemoreimportant. 1.Lxd4.Nothingwrong.ThebishopisactiveandPxd4wouldimprovethewhitepawnstructure.With1.…De7followed

byPe5Blackkeepsafirmcontrolovere5. 1.Pxd4.Theworstchoice.Blackwinsatleastapawnwith1.….Pg4. 5)1.Ka4b1D2.Ta3+Kb23.Tb3+Kc24.Txb1(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 6)1.cxd6(1.f4Ta1)1....Ta1.Exchangingrookshelpsinbothcases. 7)1.Dh7+Kxh72.Lf7#(luring,doublecheckandmate) 8)1.Kh3g62.g4#.Rookending,vulnerability (Tal-Sturua 1982) 9)1....Kf8(1....Kf72.Dc4+Kf83.Txa5;1....Kd82.Dd3+Ke83.Txa5)(gettingoutofcheckandavoidingadouble

attack)10)1....Pd12.Df1(2.h4Pxf2)2....Dxd2(chasingaway+material).Thequeencannotkeepprotectingtheknightandthe

rook.11) 1.Dc3Exploitingvulnerability.After1.…Pg72.Dg7decides.12)1.Tdd7Dxd72.Txg8#.Exploitingvulnerability.Blackhastoofewdefenders.

14  1)1....Le52.Dh4Lxb2(doubleattack:X-rayattack) 2)1.Kg5(1.Kh7Th6#;1.Kxf5Tf6+)(gettingoutofcheck;mateandavoidinganX-raycheck) 3)1.Pf3(eliminationofthedefenderfollowedbyaknightfork).AStep4subjectbutasimpleone. 4)1.Kg1.Firstdefending,onlytheadvancethec-pawn(1.…Kh2isathreat).Becauseofhisg4-pawntheblackkingcannot

stepintointhesquareofthepawn. 5)1.Tb1.Logical,Whitemustactivatehisrook.After1....b62.La6Td8hecantrytoenterwiththerookwith3.a5. 1.Le2.Thebishopdoesnotperformmuchmoreone2thanonf1.Blackhastimetoprotectpawnb7. 1.h4.Threatensnothing.BlackplaysTa8-d8-d7aswell. 6)1.Dxg7+Kxg72.Pxf5#(doublecheckbyaccess) 7)1....Tc3!2.Txc3(2.Td1Kxf3).Capturingdirectlyonf3isamistake:1.…Kxf32.Pd2+or1.…Txf32.Tc4#.

Drawbystalemateorinsufficientmaterial(Aloni 1996) 8)1.Pxd5De8+2.Pe3.ThecheckbythequeenunpinsPf6.AfterinterposingPd5one3theknightissafe. 9)1....Ke8(1....Tbb72.Dg8#)(defendingagainstmate)10)1.Dxh5+gxh52.Th6#(mateintwobyaccess)11) 1....Pe8withawinningpin.TodealwiththethreatDxf6+by1.…Kg7istooeasy-going.Lookalwaysifthereisnobetter

move.12)1.Da4(attackstheknightathirdtime)1.…Pe72.Txc8+and3.Lc6.Difficult,butthepintothekingone8isawell-

knownpattern(orshouldbe!).

15  1)1.Tf3Dxe22.Pxe2(trapping) 2)1.Tf2parriesthethreatTe2.Themovewiththerookisthebest.Itissometimesbetternottoexchange. 1.Tfe1coststhea-pawnafter1.…Txe12.Txe1Dxa4. 1.Kh1Te2.Allowingarookonthesecondrankisnotwise.Whitewillquicklylosematerial. 3)1....Lc62.Txg7Th1#Exploitingvulnerability:threateningmate.

 4)1.Pf7+Kh72.Pg5#(discoveredcheck,chasingandmate) 5)1....Tb52.Df3Txf5(doubleattack:X-rayattack) 6)1....Tb42.Dxd2Txb1+(discoveredattackandin-betweenmove) 7)1.Dxf7De3+(1....Dc6isnotnecessary).Don’tlookforthethreatoftheopponentalone. 8)1.Txf6+(1.Ta8?Te8+2.Txe8;1.Kh8Th7+2.Txh7)1....Kxf62.Th6#.Mateintheendgameisquitecommon. 9)1.b4+!(1.Ka2Kb62.Kb2Kc63.Kc3Kd54.Kd3b4)1....cxb4+2.Kb3.Acommonaction.10)1.Pc6Dxf3(otherwise2.Txd5)2.Txd8+(X-rayattackthankstoadiscoveredattackwithX-rayprotectionofPc6)11) 1.Dd6+(1.Dxd7stalemate)(avoidingstalemate)12)1....Dg5(thepin:pin) (Halkias-Pandavos, Katerini 1992)

16  1)1.La4(1.Ld3+?Kxd32.Kb2a1D+3.Kxa1Kc2)(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 2)1.Txe6+Kxe62.De5#(mateintwobyaccess) 3)1....Le3(1....La3?2.Ta4+)(attackingapinnedpiece).Gainingapieceissufficient,threateningmatewithLa3doesn’t

takeintoaccountthepossibilitiesoftheopponent. 4)1.Tg3!Txg3(defendingbystalemate)(Copie 2012) 5)1....Th5(trapping) 6)1....Dxd32.Lf1(trapping) 7)1....Pc12.Da3Dxb1(eliminationofthedefence:chasingaway+material) 8)1....Lc7+2.Kh3f1D+3.Kh4Df2+(defendingagainstmatebycounter-attack) 9)1.Pf2.Movingtheknighttoabettersquareiscorrect.BlackmustgetnotimetoplayDf8andTf6:1....Df72.Pg4Tf6

3.Pxf6 1.Thg1and1.Dg2seepreviouscomment.Decentmovesbutnotthewaytomakeprogressquickly.10)1.Dxh7+Kxh72.Lf1(Whitecannotletthekingescapeafter2.Th3+Kg7).Nowmateisnottobeprevented.11) 1....Le4(doubleattack:2pieces).Thetargetisatwofoldattack(Pf5)andanadvantageousexchange(alesscommonone;

twocapturesfrombothsides).12)1.Txa7+Kg62.Ta1(defendingagainstmatethankstoanin-betweenmoveandX-rayprotection).Afterplaying1.Ta1at

once,Blackexchangesandwinswith2.…a5.Theblackbishopcanquicklytakethec-andd-pawn.

17  1)1....f52.Pf6+(2.exf6Txe4;2.Te2fxg4)2....Txf6(doubleattack:pawn,thankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefend-

er) 2)1....f52.Pc5Pxc33.Pe6#Anactivekingcanbevulnerabletooincaseoftoolittlemobility)(So-Kramnik, Paris 2016) 3)1.Df2Le72.Tg1(doubleattack).Thebishophangsandapinthreatens. 4)1.Txh6+gxh62.Td8#(mateintwobyaccess) 5)1.Le7+(1.Lh6+Pe8)(discoveredcheckandpreventinginterposing) 6)1.Th1Dxh1(1....Txd1+2.Dxd1)2.Dxh1(defendingbyX-rayprotection) 7)1.Pb5.Finemove.Blackcannotprotectd6adequatelyduetothepinofPe7. 1.Lb5.Adevelopingmovewithoutpower.ThepinofPd7isharmless.Directly1.…a6(forcestomovethebishop)or

1.…cxd4aregoodreactions. 1.dxc5.Blackcapturesthecentrepawnone5. 8)1....Txf1+(1.…Tc2+2.De3+)2.Kxf1Dxc1+(doublecheckandeliminationofthedefence:capturing+material) 9)1.Tg2+(1.Txh6?Tb7+2.Kf8Kxh6)1....Kh52.Th2+Kg53.Tg2+(perpetualcheck).10)1.Kb7!(thekingmustkeepattackingthepawn)(1.c8D?Tc3+2.Kb7Txc83.Kxc8b5;1.Kd7Tc32.c8DTxc8

3.Kxc8b5)1....Tc32.Kxb6Kb23.Kb7(draw).Twokingsremain.(Iwanow 1962)11) 1....Ld32.Kf2Txe2+(2....Lxe2?3.Te1)(thepin:attackingapinnedpiecethankstoapinnedpieceisnotagoodde-

fender).Athreefoldattack.12)1.Te5Lc62.Tbe1(defendingagainstadoubleattackbypinning)

18  1)1.d4Pf6(1....Kg32.De3#)2.De5#.(exploitingvulnerabilityandthreateningmate) 2)1.h5(trapping) 3)1.Td3+(1.Kd2?Kb2)1....Kc4(1....Kb42.Kb2)2.Ta3(controlapassedpawn) 4)1....La6(trapping) 5)1.dxc5.ItisnotalwaysagoodideabecauseBlackcantakebackwithadevelopingmove.Nowitisgoodbecausethatmove

failstothefork2.b4. 1.Le2.Adevelopingmoveafterwhich1.…c4canfollow.Suddenlytheknightona5isnotsituatedbadlyanylonger(itcan

gotob3). 1.Lb5+givesBlacktheopportunitytoretreatthea5-knight. 6)1.Txf7+Pxf72.Txf7+.Againofmaterialbyathreefoldattackonf7andatwofoldoneona7. 7)1.Td8+Lxd82.Dxf7#(mateintwobyaccess) 8)1.Th6+Kg72.f8D+Kxf83.Th8#.Givingupyourpassedpawnisnotalwaysthefirstmoveyoulookat. 9)1.Dh5h62.Dxc5(doubleattackwithtwopieces)10)1.Pe3+(1.Pb4+?Td2)1....Kc72.Pxc2(discoveredcheck)

11) 1.Ld5Kxd52.Kb5Kd63.c4Kc74.Kc5andthewhitekingconquersakeysquare.12)1.g8P+(1.g8D?Txh7#)(defendingbystalemate)

19  1)1.T2xe6(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)1.Txc6+Lxc6(1....Dxc62.Db4#)2.De7#(mateintwobyaccess) 3)1....f5.Agoodwaytogetridofthedoublef-pawn.After2.Lxc6bxc6Blackgetsadoublec-pawnbutthatonedoesn’t

harmatall.Therearesufficientdefendersaroundtheblackkingandnoattackers. 1....De8.Notbadbutwhyputtingthequeeninalessactiveposition? 1....Dxg4.Whitecanactivatehisknightforfree(2.Nxg4)andf6cannotbeprotected(2.…f53.exf5Lxf5?4.Ph6). 4)1.Lb5+.Blacklosesmaterialbecausehispiecesareclumsysituated. 5)1.Dh5(1.Lxf6gxf6)1....h62.Lxf6.ActivatingthequeenandBlackhastoofewdefenders. 6)1.De2Le6(trappingbyliftingthepinanddeprivingthebishopofsquarec4) 7)1.Df1!gxf1D+2.Kxf1Lf2(drawingbystalemate(Rutz 1981) 8)1.De8+Kh72.a8D(defendingagainstmatebyX-rayprotection) 9)1.Dg8(exploitingvulnerabilityduetoabadpositionoftheking)10)1.Txc6bxc62.Lxc6(transposing/liquidating)Thepawnendingwinseasierthantherookending11) Picture:MagnusCarlsen12)1.Tfxf6(1.Tdxf6Lf5+)Bealwaysawareofthepossibilitiesoftheopponent.

20  1)1....gxh6(1....g62.Lxg6+;1....Ld52.Lc6+)2.Ld7+Kf7(defendingagainstmate) 2)1.Dg8+Pxg82.Ph7#(mateintwobyclearingasquareandblocking) 3)1....Txe7ispossibleifBlackseesthatafter2.Td8+Te8canfollow. 1....Kf8doesn’tloseandisbetterthanthepreviouspossibility. 1....Kh8allowsmateintwobyaccess(2.Dxh7+). 4)1.Pc5(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece) 5)1....Db1(1....Dxh5?2.Txa1#)2.h3Dxd1+.Exploitingvulnerabilityduetoaweakenedbackrank. 6)1.dxe5Pxe52.Dxd6(discoveredattackmakesanX-rayattackpossible) 7)1.b3Kb1stalemate(1....e4stalemate)Defendingbystalemate(Nadareishvili 1964) 8)1.c4+dxc32.Txh4(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 9)1....Tb7(1....Te2?2.Txg7+)2.Txg7+Txg7(attackonapinnedpiece)10)1.Tc6+Kb72.Txf6(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+material)11) 1.Pe5+Kg82.Dxe2(doublecheckeliminatestheprotectingrook)12)1....De5+(1....Da5+?2.Dc3+;1....De7+2.Pe6+)(doubleattack:queen).Twotemptationstoavoid.

21  1)1.Pc6+Txa62.Tb8#(mateintwobydiscoveredcheck) 2)1.c5Kf52.g4+hxg4(2....Ke53.gxh5Kd54.Kg2Kxc55.Kg3Kd56.Kg4)3.Kg2Ke64.Kg3Kd55.Kxg4

ThankstoapawnsacrificeWhitecandestroytheblackpawnstructureallowingthewhitekingtopickupthepawns. 3)1.Ld5(1.Tc3Tc8)1....Ta1+2.Kb2(defendingagainstadoubleattackbycounter-attack) 4)1....0–0.Goodmove,bringingthekingintosafety. 1....Lxe52.dxe5.Blackisapawndownandhascompensation(saysopeningtheory).Exchangingqueensthenisnotwise. 1....De7(themoveplayedcostsapieceafter2.Da4+).Whitemissedthedoubleattack.Alsointheremainingpartofthe

gameStep2combinationsweremissedandallowedbybothsides.Thiscanhappen,ontheotherhanditisunwiseinthesecasestoteachchildren,whodroppiecesoverandoveragain,12movesofopeningtheory.Thattimecanbespendbetter.

 5)1.La5(trapping) 6)1.La5Da62.Lxd8(doubleattack:X-rayattack) 7)1....Txa52.Txe4fxe4(gainofmaterialthankstoanin-betweenmove) 8)1.Da1+Lf62.Tf1(thepin:pintoasquare) 9)1.Lxf4Dxa72.Txa7+(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)10)1....Te4(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece).Threefoldattack.11) 1.Tc5+(1.Tc2+Ka72.Txb2Ka6)1....Ka72.Ta5#(mateintwobyadiscoveredcheckandchasing)12)1....Lc8(trapping)

22  1)1.Tg6+Kf82.Dh8#(mateintwothankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)1....Pc6Adevelopingmovethatprotectstherook. 1....Lf5.2.Te1.Noteverydevelopingmoveisgood.After2.Te1acheckone7follows. 1....Le6attacksthepinnedknightoncemorebutallowsawinningdiscoveredattack:2.Pe7+. 3)1....e52.dxe6Dxd4or2....Lxd4.(doubleattack:pawn,thankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender).Surprising. 4)1.Db1Dh52.Db2+Exploitingvulnerability:asquarewhichisdifficulttodefend.Theblackqueenmuststayonthelong

diagonal.

 5)1.Pe7+Lxe72.Dxd4(defendingagainstadoubleattack) 6)1.g4(trapping) 7)1.Dc6Txc82.Dxc8+Kf73.Df8#Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry. 8)1....Lxd5(1....Dxg2+2.Lxg2)(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 9)1.Df2Df52.Dd4Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry.10)1....Dxf2+(1....Txd82.Pe7#;1....De62.Dxg5)2.Txf2Txd8(in-betweenmovetopreventmate;theguardhasbeen

luredaway)11) 1.Ld5+Txd52.Dg7#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate)12)1.Lg5+Ke82.Td8#(mateintwobydoublecheckandchasing)23  1)1....e4+(1....g4+2.Pxg4)(discoveredattack) 2)1....Kh7(1....Tg82.Pg6+Kh73.Tb7+Tg74.Txg7#)(gettingoutofcheckandavoidingmate) 3)1....Txb32.Txb3Dxb33.Tc8+(discoveredattack) 4)1....d4chasestheknightawayfromthecentre.After2.Pa4Pg6isagoodmove.Whitemustcaptureonf6becausee4

hangs. 1....Pg6.AgoodmoveifWhitewouldbeobligedtocaptureonf6(nopinanymoreandthequeencomesintoplay).Buthe

isnot.Whiteplaysthein-betweenmove2.exd5. 1....dxe4.ItisnotlogicaltoactivatePc3.Now2.Dxd8Tfxd83.Lxf6gxf64.Pxe4istempting(Blackhasadouble

pawn),butBlackgetsactivepieces.Betteris2.Pxe4Dxd13.Pxf6+(necessaryin-betweenmove)3.…gxf64.Taxd1. 5)1....Pc3+2.Lxc3Te3#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 6)1....Txg2+2.Pxg2(2.Kh1Dxf1#)2.…Dxf1#(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate) 7)1.Kd5Ke72.Ke5f43.gxf4Thewhitekingisnowonakeysquare,after3.Kxf4Kf6heisnot. 8)1....Txh2+2.Kxh2Dxd6Defendingagainstluringawayofadefender(luringintoapin) 9)1.Pf5(1.Pg4Lg7)1....Lg72.Pxg7(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece)10)1.e7+Pxe72.Td8#(cashinginapassedpawn)11) 1.Dh3(doubleattack:queen).Nexttocapturingond7,mateone6isthreatening.12)1.Tee2(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece)

24  1)1.Dg4Lxf5(1....Txf1+2.Kxf1g63.Dd4)2.Dxd1(doubleattack:queen) 2)1.Txh5+f62.Txh7#(discoveredcheck) 3)1....Da42.Pxa4(2.b3Dxa3#)2....Pa2#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 4)1.Ld3f62.Lxf5(trapping) 5)1....Lf32.Txg5Th1#Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry. 6)1.f3.Nofearforghosts.Puttingtheknightond4intoapindoesn’tharm.WhitehasquicklyLe3athand.Themovewith

thepawnlosesnotime,protectspawne4firmlyandtheBlackbishopmustmoveaway. 1.Pf3.Itisunnecessarytoputtheknightintoapin.Thequeenremainsboundtotheprotectionoftheknight. 1.Le2.Awasteoftheactivebishopandafter1.…Lxe2Whitemustrecapturewiththed-knight.Removeactivepieces. 7)1.f4Ld62.e5Lc5+(defendingagainstadoubleattack) 8)1....Tb22.Dxb2(2.Df1Lxe3+)2....Lxe3+4.Txe3Dxb2(chasingaway+material) 9)1....Ta32.bxa3bxa3(defendingagainsttrapping).IfWhitecapturesona3thenthea-pawncannotbestoppedthen.10)Picture11) Picture12)1....Pf22.De2Dh3+(doubleattackwithtwopieces)

25  1)1.a7+!(1.Lxd4?stalemate)1....Lxa72.Le5#(avoidingstalemate).After1.…Kxa7Whitemusthavesufficienttech-

nique.Practiceagainstthecomputer. 2)1....Tf42.Pxg5(2.…Pd1Dxe1)2.…Dxg5(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece) 3)1.b5(1.bxa5bxa52.Kb6Kc83.Kxa5Kb7=)Onlyarook’spawnmayremain. 4)1....Pxe42.Pd5(thediscoveredcheckisnotdangerous,i.e..)2.…Pxf2+3.Pxe7Pxd14.Pxc8 5)1.Te5(1.b4Dg5+)1....Da72.Txa5or2.Dxa5)(doubleattack:X-rayattack) 6)1....Pxd5(1....Txd5+?2.Dxd5Pxd53.Te8+)(twofoldattack,choosethecorrectcapture) 7)1.Dc4fxe4(1....Dxc42.Txc4)2.Le6+(defendingagainstapin) 8)1.c4.InthiswayWhitegetsridofhisweakpawn.AfterenpassantcapturingWhitemusttakewiththebishop:2.bxc3e5. 1.c3e5andthebishopmustabandonc3. 1.Tc1.Nosolution:1.…Lh6. 9)1.Tg7(1.Th5+Kg6)1....Txg7(drawingbystalemate)(Kuzmichev 1995)10)1.f4(1.Txe5+?Kxe5+)1....Pd52.fxe5(chasingaway+material)11) 1....De7(doubleattackwithtwopieces)12)1....Pb8(1....Txd82.Dxg6;1....Pxd82.Tc8#)(gettingoutofcheckandnotcapturingwithoutthinking)

26  1)1.Kf3Txe22.Kxe2(trapping) 2)1.Dc8+Kg72.Tg1savestherookandprotectsg2. 3)1.Lc2(1.Lh5?Tb2+2.Kg1Kxh5)Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry. 4)1....Kg5(1....Ke52.Kb4Kf63.Kxa4Kg54.Kb5Kxg45.a4Kxf5)(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 5)1....Pe7.Thismodestretreatisnecessary. 1....Pd4?2.Pxd4losesmaterial. 1....Lxf32.Lxf3.Nowtheknightispinned. 6)1....Lf32.Txf3Dxf3threatensmate. 7)1....Df32.Txg5(2.g3Txd5)2....Dd1#(doubleattackthankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 8)1.Da4Dxf52.Dxc6(doubleattack:queen) 9)1.Dd5+Kxd5(1....Kxf52.Dxh1)2.c4#(mateintwobyluring)(Lazard 1946)10)1.Kd6!Tb8(2.Ke7wasthethreat)2.Kc7(Berger 1890)11) 1....Te3Pawnh3cannotbeprotected.12)1.Txg6+hxg62.h7#(mateintwo)

27  1)1.Db4+c52.Dxb7(doubleattack:queen,thankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)1.Dd2.OfcourseWhiteavoidsexchangingqueenswiththeblackkingstillinthemiddle.NowBlackwinssometimewith

1....c5(1.…Dc62.Db4isrightawaywrong)2.Lxc5Dc6butafter3.De3WhitehasallthetimetoinvolvehisrookswithTd2andTfd1.

1.Dxe4.Whiteisapawndownandexchangingistheappropriatewaythen. 1.Tfe1seepreviouscomment. 3)1.Txb5Dxb52.Dxb5(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 4)1.Pc4Txc4+2.Kd2(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 5)1....Da82.Td5(2.e4Kf4+)2....Dxd5(defendingagainstmatebypin) 6)1....Dd32.Tg1b1D(2....h3)(cashinginapassedpawn) 7)1.Lg2Kg72.Txd6(defendingagainstapin,thefrontpiececannotbetaken) 8)1.gxh5Pxh52.Dxg6(2.Lxf7+)(pinandapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 9)1....Lc8(trapping)10)1.Ld3(1.g3?Tc5)1....Pxd32.Txf5(thepin:attackingapinnedpiecethankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)11) 1.Tg7+Kf8(1....Kh82.Pf7#)2.Tg8#(doublecheckandchasing)12)1.Le4(1.Lxg6+?Pxg6)1.….Da5(1....Pe62.Dg4;1....g52.Df3)2.Lxc6(discoveredattack)

28  1)1.Lf5(trapping) 2)1.Txh5+Dxh52.g8P#(mateintwobyluringawayandapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 3)1....b52.Lxe6bxa43.Dxa4Dxe6(doubleattack:pawn,thankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 4)1.Txd5Txd52.Db3(2.e4Tc5(2....Db6+;2....De5)3.Tc1Tfc8)2....Tfd83.e4ShouldbeinStep4.Amistake. 5)1....Td2(chasingaway+material) 6)1.Tb8(1.Db8g6)(defendingagainstadoubleattack) 7)1.Dd4Le6andnow‘everything’wins:2.Txe6,2.Pf5and2.Df6)Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionoftheking. 8)1....Lxe3.Givingupthequeenisthebestpossibility.Blackgetsrook,bishopandpawn.Othermovesdocostmorematerial. 1....Da52.Tb5ormoredifficult2.Pb3Dxc3+3.Ld2. 1....Dc72.Lxc5 9)1.Lg5Dxf32.Lxe7+(thepin:attackingapinnedpieceandin-betweenmove)10)1.c7+(1.Kb7?Dc7+)1....Dxc7(1....Kxc7)2.Lb6Dxb6stalemate11) 1.Ld8(threateningmatebylineclearing)12)1....f22.Dh8+Tg8+(preparingadiscoveredcheck)

29  1)1.Kg2Pg52.e4dxe43.Lxg5(discoveredattack) 2)1.Lxh7Txh7(1....Dxf32.Lg8+Th73.Dxh7#)2.Dxf6+(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 3)1....Dd1+2.Ka2b3+3.cxb3axb3#(defendingagainstmatebycounter-attack) 4)1.Td1Tf72.Pxf7Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry) 5)1....Txd52.bxa6Lxa6Capturingfirstonc1bringsnothing:1.…Txc12.Pxf6+gxf63.Txc1 6)1.Kh2Dxg1+2.Kg3(defendingagainstmatebymovingaway) 7)1.Lb6(trapping) 8)1.Dh8+Lxh82.Txh8+Kg73.Txd8(doubleattack:X-raycheck) 9) Isthequeeninenemyterritoryindangerorperformsitagoodjob? 1.De7.Thequeencanbecomemoreactivewithoutdanger.Blackcannotprotectf7athirdtime. 1.Tad1.Healthydevelopingmove,nothingwrongwiththat.Only,therewasabetterone. 1.Da3.Noreasontoretreatthequeen.10)1.a8Lb22.Le4(avoidingstalemate)

11) 1....Dxg1+2.Txg1Te1+(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate)12)1....De62.Dc1Dxe2(gainofmaterialthankstoain-betweenmove)ThequeencannotprotectLe2anylonger.

30  1)1.Te8(1.Pxg6+?hxg62.Te8+Dxe83.Dxe8+Kh7)(doubleattack:rook) 2)1.Kb6Ta72.Tc4+(avoidingstalemate)(Vlasak 1971) 3)Picture 4)1....Dxf1+2.Kxf1Txf5+Exploitingvulnerability.ThebadpositionofthekingforcesWhitetogiveupthequeentopre-

ventmate. 5)1.Tc1(1.Ta6?Tb7)1....Tc72.Ta1Tc23.Pc1(3.Kf1)(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 6)1....Te7(chasingaway+materialwith1piece) 7)1.Da6+Kxa62.Ta8#(mateintwobyaccessorluringaway) 8)1.Pa3(defendingagainstmate) 9)Whiteiswinningandallmovesaregoodenoughtoretaintheadvantageorexpandit. 1.g5fxg52.De5.Openingthelongdiagonaldirectlyisthefastest.Itdoesn’tmakeanydifferencethatWhitecannottake

backong5.Thequeenmustbeactivated. (Chernin-Santacruz, Mendoza 1985) 1.h4.Whitedoesn’tneedtoprepareforg5andh5isnotthebestplanbecauseBlackplaysg5andkeepsthepositionclosed. 1.Ld5.Notabadmovebutafter1.…g5Whitehastodosomework:moveawaythequeenandpreparef4.10)1....Tf72.Txd8Dxd8+(thepin:attackingapinnedpiecethankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)11) 1....Pe32.Dd3Txd33.cxd3Dd6(doubleattackwithtwopieces;X-rayprotection)12)1.Kd6(1.c5?Kc42.Kd6Kb5)1....Le82.c5Kc43.c6Whitemustpreventthattheblackkinghelpsdefending.

31  1)1.Tf4(trapping) 2)1.Ta4Lxc32.Dd6+(in-betweenmove) 3)1....d3+(1....dxc3+2.Lf2cxb23.Pc3La54.Pb1)2.Kf1d2(discoveredcheck).Twopossibilities,alwayscompare.

Notanimmediatecapture. 4)1.Pf8De5(1.…Dxf82.Ta8+)2.Ta8+Themovewiththeknightprotectsg6andthreatensmate.Wonderful. 5)1....b6.Agooddevelopingmove.Itisusefulifc5iswellprotectedincasethec-filewillbeopened.Furthermorethemove

ofthepawnmakesroomforthebishop.Onthelongdiagonalitwillbemoreactive. 1....a6.Notreallynecessary.Finishingthedevelopmentiswiser. 1....dxc4.Unhappychoicebecauseof2.Lxh7+. 6)1.Ka8!(1.Ka6?Kc62.Ka7(2.Ka5Kc53.Ka6Kd44.Kb6Ke30-1)2....Kd53.Kb7Ke44.Kc6Ke30-1)1...

Kc62.Kb8Kd53.Kc7Ke44.Kd6Ke35.Ke5½-½ 7)1....Tc62.Dd2Txc5(chasingaway+materialwithonepiece) 8)1....Pe42.Pxe4Lxa1(discoveredattackandpin).Alsogoodis1....Pxd5butonlyifyouforeseethatafter2.Pxd5

Lxa13.Lf4Da5+mustbeplayed(nostep3!).Thenanexchangesacrificeisrequiredafter4.Kf2. 9)1....Pf6(1....Txd22.De8+Kh73.Dg6+).Startingwithpreventingperpetualcheck,thebishopwillnotrun.10)1.Dg6Tf82.Dxh5Kh83.Lxf7Kh74.Lxh6gxh65.Dg6+(doubleattack:queen,thankstoapinnedpieceisnota

gooddefender)11) 1.Te2Df62.Te8+Exploitingvulnerability,threateningmate.12)1.Ph4Lxg52.Lxg4(discoveredattackandtrapping)

32  1)1.Pg5Dxe22.Pxf7#(discoveredattackandin-betweenmove) 2)1.c4(1.h5?Le62.h6Lf5)1....b52.h5(2.Kb2)(cashinginapassedpawn) 3)1.0–0.Finishingthedevelopment.Thebestmove. 1.Ld6.Preventingcastlingisafineidea.ItisapitythatWhitehasnomoreactivepiecesnearby.Blackcanjustplay1.…

Lf8playandafterexchangingthekingwillgotog7.Also1.…dxc4ispossible.Whitecannottakebackdirectly(2.Lxc4Pb6).

1.Pe5.Tooearly,Blackexchanges.Finishingthedevelopmentfirstisabetterplan. 4)1....Db4(trapping) 5)1....Dg82.Txg8+Kxg8(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 6)1.Kh5Kg82.Kg4Kh73.Kxg3Kxh64.Kh4(4.Kg4Kg65.g3)4....Kg65.g4Asimpletechnique:winningatempo

andonlythengofortheg-pawn. 7)1....Pc3(in-betweenmove) 8)1....Lxb32.Dxb3Dxe5(pinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) (Robatsch-Bely, Palanka 1956) 9)1....Txd42.Dxb8Txd1+3.Kc2Txb84.Kxd1(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+materialandin-betweenmove)10)1....b62.a4Txd7#(mateintwo,firsttakeawayaflightsquare)11) 1.Da2+(1.Dxc6?Te1+2.Kh2Dh4#;1.Lc5+Kb8)1....Kb62.Da5#(2.Lc7+winsthequeenbutisnotdirectmate.

2....Kb5)12)1....Df42.Da3Te1#Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry.

33  1)1.b4+cxb32.Pd3#(mateintwo) 2)1....g62.Txe5gxf5(trapping) 3)1.Tf6+Ke52.Txf3(2.Txa6f2) 4)1....Lf2+2.Kf1Ta7(defendingagainstmatewithX-rayprotection) 5)1.Te3+Kf82.Tf3+(2.Dg5Te8)(perpetualcheck) 6)1.Tgxg4Pxg4(1....b22.Tg1)2.Tf5#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 7)1.axb4ispossiblebecauseofthedoubleattackonthenextmove. 1.Td1forces1.…Lxc3+butafter2.bxc3b5pawnc4isfirmlyprotected. 1.Ta2withtheideaafter1.…Lxc3+2.bxc3b5toplay3.a4.CleverbutBlackplays3.…Dd5. 8)1.Pb6Txc32.Pxc8+(discoveredattackandin-betweenmove) 9)1.Lc5(1.Lc7gainsapiece,butWhiteisapiecedown)1....De62.Qc1(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece)10)1....Tg1+2.Kxg1Txf1#(2....Tg2+)(luringanddoublecheck)11) 1....e52.Lxb8Lxf4(discoveredattackandapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)12)1.Ph4Lxe22.Pxg6#Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionofthekingandathreatwhichisdifficulttoparry(Novag-

Vivek, Rao 1988)

34  1)1....La4(trappingthankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)1.Kf1(1.b6f2+2.Kf1Kf3)1....f22.Ke2Firstpreventcounter-play. 3)1....Dxf2+2.Kxf2Te4#(discoveredcheck) 4)1....Pc5.MovingawaywiththeknightisOK,tof6ispossibletoo.Othermovesfail. 1....Pxf2wouldbeniceifWhitetakestheknightimmediately(Pb3hangs)but2.Le3spoilsthefun. 1....Lg52.Txe4Justcostsapiece. 5)1....Lh22.Ke1Dd1#Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionoftheking. 6)1.Txc6Txc62.Ld3#(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate) 7)1....La5+!2.Kxa5Kxa73.c8T!(3.c8D?)(avoidingstalemate) 8)1.Lg5(discoveredattackandtrapping) 9)1....Dxd3+2.Kxd3Lf5#(mateintwobyaccess)10)1.Lxh4Kxh42.Kf4Kh53.Kf5(3.g3Kg64.Kg4)(transposing/liquidating)11) 1.Pc8(defendingagainsttrapping)12)1.Pf6+Lxf62.Dxd5(doubleattack:knight,thankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)

35  1)1.Dxf7+Lxf72.Lxf7#(mateintwobyX-rayprotection) 2)1.Pd6+Kd82.La5#(‘in-betweenmove’andmateintwo).Takingbackone3isnolongernecessary. 3)1.Pa8(1.Pe6Txg2)1....Txh52.Txb6+(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece) 4)1....Txe52.Pe2Anin-betweenmoverefutesthecaptureone5. 5)1....Txd42.Dxb7(2.Txd4Dxf3)2....Txd1+(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+materialandin-betweenmove 6)Takingintoaccountthepossibilitiesoftheopponent! 1....g5makesspaceforthekingandwinsthef-pawn. 1....Te6?2.Tf8# 1....Txf42.Tf8+Ke63.Txf4costsarook 7)1.Le6+Kc72.Lxf5(doubleattack:bishop,thankstoX-rayprotection) 8)1.Pg3(1.Pe3?Dxe4+;1.Te2Dxc22.Txc2Te1;1.Txe8Dxc22.Txf8)1....Txe42.Pxf5(defendingagainsta

pinbyprotecting) 9)1....Dxh4+2.gxh4Pe2#(discoveredcheckbyaccess)10)1....Kf6(otherwiseWhitecaptureswithcheckone8)2.Txe8(2.g3Tf1+and3.Tg1+)2.…Tf1#(gettingoutofcheck

andatthesametimekeepingallthreatsintheposition)11) 1....Tg6(trapping)12)1....c6(1....Lf4+?2.Kd5c6+3.Kxc5)2.Kd6Kd4(defendingagainstapassedpawn)

36  1)1.Dg6Td52.Dxh6#Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry. 2)1....La52.Dxc8Lxc3+(discoveredattackandin-betweenmove) 3)1....Pd72.Lc7Pxb4(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 4)1....Ke2(1....Kd42.Kg5Ke53.Kxh5)2.Kg5Kf23.Kxh5Kxg3Choosingthecorrectroute. 5)1....Te7.Whitethreatenstocapturethedefenderofb7.Themovewiththerookmakesthatthreatharmless. 1....Tf7.Theideaisgood,themoveisn’t:2.Lh5wins. 1....Kb8nowb7isbeingattackedafter2.Lxc8. 6)1.Pe6Lg72.Txg7Lxe63.Tg8#(cashinginapassedpawnwithadiscoveredattack) 7)1.Pd8Lxd8stalemate(defendingbystalemate) 8)1.Pf6+Kxg72.Ph5#(mateintwo) 9)1.g4+fxg4+2.Kg3+(defendingagainstmate)

10)1.f7+Kxd72.f8D+Kc83.Df5+Kb84.Db5+(cashinginapassedpawn)11) 1....dxc42.Lxc4(2.Pxc4Dxd3(2....Pxd3?3.Ted1))2....Dxd2(doubleattack:X-rayattack)12)1....Dh3(1....Dxf42.Dxh5+Kg83.Dxg6)(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate)

37  1)1.e61....fxe6(1....Pf62.exf7#)2.Dh5+g63.Dxg6# 1.b4iscertainlyagoodmovetonarrowdownthebishopona6after1.…c62.Db3and3.a4.Onlythepreviouspossibility

ismuchbetter. 1.Pc3.Goodchoiceiftherewasnotabetterone. 2)1....g5(discoveredattackandtrapping) 3)1....Dh4(threatensmate) 4)1....Le62.Dh4Lxd7(2....Dxd7?3.Dh6)(doubleattack:rookandafterthattakingathreatintoaccount) 5)1....Tf1+2.Kxf1Df3#(doublecheckandluring) 6)1.Lf3d52.Dxe7Exploitingvulnerability:athreatwhichisdifficulttoparry. 7)1.Le3Lxe32.hxg4(gainofmaterialthankstoanin-betweenmove) 8)Picture:AnneHaast,4timesDutchwomanchampion2014-2017. 9)1.Th8Ke82.Txg8+Exploitingvulnerability:materialsupremacy.10)1.Ta1Dxa72.Txa7(X-rayprotectionandpin)11) 1.b6!axb6(1....Pf5+2.Kxc4axb63.Kb5)stalemate(defendingbystalemate)(Grin 2000)12)1.Pe2(1.Kb3h6;1.Kc3Tc1+)1....Txe2+2.Kc3h53.Txf1(gettingoutofcheckandcreatingasecondthreat)

38  1)1.Dxe4(in-betweenmove) 2)1....Te2(1....f6?2.Dh8+Dg83.Te8+)(defendingagainstmate,makinganescapesquarebyinterposing) 3)1....0–02.exf7+Txf7.Capturingone6losesapiece(seepossibility3).Bringingthekingintosafetyismoreimportantthan

keepingthebishopontheboard. 1....Lf62.exf7+Kxf73.Dc4+andthekingismoreunsafeandhinderstherook. 1....fxe62.Db5+(doubleattack:queen) 4)1.Le3(trapping) 5)1.Pb2Kb32.a4Theknightmustprotectthepawnoutsidethesquareofthepawn. 6)1....Dg32.Lc3TheonlywaytopreventTe1+. 7)1.g5+Lxg52.Dh8#(mateintwo) 8)1.Df3(1.Kh2Df2+2.Kxh3g4#)(gettingoutofcheck)Givingmaterialisbetterthanbeingmated. 9)1.Pg2(discoveredattackandtrapping)10)1....Th8+2.Kg4Lf6(defendingagainstapassedpawn)11) 1.Lf6Pxf6(1....Txe32.Dg7#)2.Txe7(discoveredattackandeliminationofthedefence:chasingaway+mate)12)1.Tf5Pf4+(1....Pg52.Dxg7#)2.Txf4Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionoftheking.

39  1)1....Pf1+(chasingaway+materialthankstoX-rayprotection) 2)1.Dc1(1.Tf1?Tf8)1....De62.Pxe8(doubleattackwithtwopieces) 3)1....Lf42.Dxd5Lxe3+3.Kf1Lxd5(discoveredattackandin-betweenmove) 4)1Lxg6Txg6(1....hxg62.Dh8+)2.Dxe7(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 5)ThispositionisinthewrongStep.Nevertheless,hereistheanswer. Acheckona1isamovethatfeelsillogical.Keepingthepossibilitiesinthepositionisappropriatehere.Thecheckcanwait.

Youmustchooseamovethatfeelsgoodwithoutthenecessitythatyoucancalculateeverything. 1....Pg6.Playedwiththecorrectassumptionthattheblackknightisbetterthanthewhiteone.Theknightcanbecomeactive

viah4.Luckily,thatafter2.Pe4Blackhasaforcedwinwith1.…Ta1+3.Kd2Td8+4.Ke2Pf4+. 1....cxd6.Itisagainsttherulestoallowthewhiterookontheseventhrankbutafter2.Txe7Txf3Whitecannotplay

3.Txd6Txf2not.SoWhitemustplay3.Kb1firstandafter3.….Txf2Blackhasgoodchances. 1....Ta1+2.Kd2Txd1+3.Kxd1Pd54.Pe4.Thispossibilityistheleastofthethree.Someadvantageremains. 6)1.Pc7+Kb82.Pxb5+Ka83.Pxa3(chasinganddiscoveredcheck) 7)1....a62.La4b5Blackremainsapieceup(defendingagainstapin) 8)1.Txf5g62.Dh4gxf5,inshort:Txf5wasnotclever. 9)1.Ld6Txb72.axb7(creatingapassedpawn)10)1.Txf7Dxe62.Txg7+Kxg73.Txe6(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+materialthankstoanin-betweenmove)11) 1.Pf5De5(1....gxf52.Dg5+)2.Pxd6Discoveredattack,knightfork,accessandothers(Carls-Denes, Munich 1936)12)1.Lxe4Lxe42.Dxe4(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)

40 1)1.Pa4Dc7(1....Lxf2+2.Kxf2)2.Pxc5(discoveredattackandchasingaway+material) 2)1....b32.axb3Txa4(discoveredattackandtrapping) 3)1.Pb8Kh52.Th7#Exploitingvulnerability:badpositionofthepiecesandzugzwang. 4)1.Dg6hxg62.Th3#(mateintwobyaccess)

 5)1....Ta82.e5Dxf3+3.Kxf3Txe8(in-betweenmove,desperado) 6)1.Pg3(1.Kh1Pf4)(gettingoutofcheck) 7)1.Tf7+(1.Tg8+?Kxg8)1....Kg82.Ph6#(chasinganddoublecheck) 8)1.f4Kf62.f5Keepingtheenemykingoutofthesquareofthepawn. 9)1.Kf1Whitemustgetoutofthepin.Thiscanbedoneinmorewaysbutthismoveisthesmartest. 1.d7Thepawnseemsunstoppable,seemsbecause1.….Td6turnsthetables. 1.axb5Txd6ispainful.10)1....Te6(1....d62.Dg8+Tf8)Defendingbyreturningmaterial.11) 1.Kd3(1.g3?Kd6)1....Kc52.g3Tempoplay.Nopawnmovesifnotnecessary.(De La Bourdonnais 1838)12)1.Dxf5+Dxf5stalemate(defendingbystalemate)

41  1)1....Ld5+(1....Dxe6+2.Txe6Ld5+3.Lc4)2.Lc4Lxe6(doubleattack:bishop,thankstoX-rayprotection) 2)1.Td4+Dg4(1....Kg52.Pe4+)2.Pf3#(Gjarmati 1984) 3)1.Lc4(discoveredattackandtrapping) 4)1.Lg5(in-betweenmove)andthen2.Kxh2. 5)1....Dxe22.Pdxe2(2.Txe2Txd4;2.Pgxe2Lxe5+)Rightcapturetopreventlossofmaterial. 6)1.Pxf7+Kxf7(1....Kh72.Tg7#)2.Tg7#(discoveredcheck) 7)1....Pbd5.Defendingbyinterposing.Theknightthreatenstocapturetheattackingbishopandafter2.Ld2Blackcancastle.

safely 1....Lf8.Defendingbyprotectingputsthebishopintheway.Whitedevelopswith1.Tad1andcastlingbyblackisnoteven

possible. 1....Pc8seemstowinatempobytheattackonb2.Nowtheknightstandspassiveonc8andWhitecanplay2.Pd2(2.….

Txb23.Pc4). 8)1.Dd8+Lb62.Dd2#(mateintwo) 9)1.Lb5(doubleattackwithtwopieces)10)1.Lxe5Pxe52.Txe5(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate)11) 1.Txf8+Kxf82.d7+(cashinginapassedpawn)12)1.Txf1(1.Kxf1?g3andWhiteloses)1....Kxg22.Tf8andwiththekingnearbythewinissimple.

42  1)1.Ta4(trapping) 2)1.Pxf6Dxe2(1....Pxf62.Dxe6;1....Dxf62.Lxf6Pxf63.De6)2.Pg8#(discoveredattackandin-betweenmove) 3)1.Te4(doubleattack:X-rayattack) 4)1....Da52.Pa2unpinsthea-pawnandtrapsthebishop. 5)Picture 6)1.Dxf8+Txf82.Ph6#(mateintwobyclearingasquare) 7)1....Lb4+(1....Pxc6?2.Txd6)2.Kf2Pxc6(2....bxc6)(gainofmaterialthankstoain-betweenmove) 8)1....Txb3+(1....h3?2.c7+Kd73.Kb7;Kc8?Be6+)2.axb3Kc8(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 9)1....Lf7.Thesquarefromwhichthebishopcanbecomethequickest(abit)active. 1....Le8.Lessfuturethanfromf7. 1....Lh7.Toopassive.10)1.Pe8+Pxc62.Df6#(discoveredcheck)11) 1.Pxc6Dxd12.Pe7+Kh83.Txd1(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+materialthankstoain-betweenmove)12)1....f52.Lxf5+Ke7(gettingoutofcheckandpreventinglossofmaterial)

43  1)1.Lg3(1.Dxe4Ph3+;1.Dc3+Tf6)(defendingagainstmate) 2)1....Tg1+2.Kf2Txc1(X-raycheckandX-rayprotection) 3)1....Dxc3+2.Lxc3Lxc3+3.Dd2Lxd2+(gainofmaterialthankstoX-rayprotectionandbadpositionking) 4)1.Dd1(discoveredattackandtrapping) 5)1.Txe6Dxe62.Dxd8+(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate) 6)1.Pd4Td82.Tc4(defendingagainstadoublethreat) 7)1....Tg2+2.Kxg2Le4#(luringanddoublecheck) 8)Allattentiongoestotheattackonthebishop.Itisthreetimesattackedandprotectedonlyonce.Movingawayseemstheonly

possibility.IfwelookforvulnerabilitythentheweaknessofBlack’sbackrankstrikes. 1.Tf1.Thismoveisindicatedsoagoodreasonforacloserlook.ItturnsoutthatBlackhasonlyonemove:1.…Kg8.Now

2.Dd5+islogicalandforces2.…Kh8.Inagameyoucanexecutethemovewiththerook.Thewhitepiecesaresomuchbetter.Eventhatgoodthattherearemanygoodcontinuations.Ifthispositionisontheboardtheyareeasytofind:De5,Tf7,Dg5arethestrongest.

1.Lh3.Whitekeepsthemoreactivepositionbutwith1.….De8Blackcanmakethebackranklessvulnerable. 1.La4.Blackcannowcaptureonb4.Scarybut2.Td8isharmlessbecause2.…Dc5+and3.…Tc8. 9)1.Td7+Ke82.Td5+Ke73.Td7+(perpetualcheckthankstoadiscoveredcheckandinterposing)10)1.Lxh7+Kh82.Le4+Dxh1+3.Lxh1(chasinganddiscoveredcheck)

11) 1.Lb5Da52.Lxc6(doubleattack:bishop,andapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)12)1....Db5+2.Kg1Da6(defendingagainstapassedpawn)

44  1)1....Dxh32.gxh3g2#(matebyaccess) 2)1....dxc4+2.Lxc4Pxc4(eliminationofthedefencebycapturingandapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 3)1.g3(discoveredattackandtrapping) 4)1....Dxc52.Dg5(liftingthepinbycounter-attack) 5)1.Tc1(1.Lf3?h1D)1....Kxh12.Kf2#(mateintwo) 6)1....Pb4.Thebestmove.Thereisnoadequatedefenceagainstacheckonc2andd3. 1....La3.Developingapiecetoanactivesquareisagoodmove,butnotthebest.Whitefightsonwith2.Td1. 1....Lb4.ActivebutWhitecanchasethebishopbackwith2.a3.DuetothepossibilityofPb4themoveofthepawnisuse-

ful. 7)1.Dc5Ta82.Dxd5(doubleattack:queen) 8)1.Dg1(1.Kh2De5+)1....Tf1?2.Td8+Kh73.Txg7#(gettingoutofcheckandpreventingarealthreat). 9)1.Kd3(1.h4c42.h5c3+3.Ke2c24.h6c1D)1....Kb32.Kd2Kb23.Kd3activedefencebythreat(conqueringthe

pawnandcominginfrontofthepawn)10)1.Dh1+(1.Da8+?Tb8)1....Kg72.Dxb7(doubleattack:queen)11) 1.Txf4(1.Ke2Tc2+)1....Lxd3(1.…Kc52.Tf8)2.Txd4+(defending)12)1....Pe52.Dxe5Lxe5(discoveredattackandtrapping)

45  1)1.Tg4Dxb2(1....Ld72.Dc5+Kg83.Txg7+)2.Dc5+(eliminationofthedefence:chasingaway+mate) 2)1.Pb5Lxb5(1....Dd82.Lxc6;1....Dc82.Pd6+)2.Lxa8(chasingaway+materialandapinnedpieceisnotagood

defender) 3)1.Td8+Txd8(1....Kh72.Dxc3Txc33.Txa8)2.Dxc3(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+material) 4)1.Ld4.Onlyactivesquareleftforthebishop.Blackmustdosomethingagainstthethreat2.f4(i.e..1.…Lf6). 1.Lxb4opensthelongdiagonalsothatadiscoveredattackispossible:1.…Pf3+ 1.Lxe5.AfirstStepmove,capturewhateveryoucancapturewithoutlosingpoints.Thatphaseliesinthepast.Awasteofthe

goodbishop. 5)1.Txe5+fxe52.De7#(doubleattack:rookandapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 6)1.fxe5f52.Txf5Pxf5(eliminationofthedefence:chasingawayandluringaway+mate) 7)1.Tc2Txc22.Lxc2+(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+materialandin-betweenmove) 8)1....Dxd4+2.Lxd4Lxd4#(mateintwothankstoX-rayprotection) 9)1.Pf5exf5(1....Da32.Lc1Da73.Pxe7+)2.Lxc5(discoveredattackandeliminationofthedefence)10)1....Df8(1....e4?2.Pxe4)(doubleattack:X-rayattack)11) 1.Lf4Lxd32.Lxh6+(chasingaway+materialandin-betweenmove)12)1....Pc62.Da8De5#(doubleattackwithtwopieces)

46  1)1.Lxd5+(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)Takingintoaccountthepossibilitiesoftheopponent. 1....Lxf3.Itisapityforthebishopbutagoodpossibility. 1....Dd72.Pxe5Pxe53.Dxe5isalsopossibleifyoudaretosacrificeapawn(3.…Ld64.Dc3).Whitehasenough

playforthepawn. 1....f5(themoveyouwouldliketoplay)failsto2.Dc4+ 3)1.Pxd4cxd42.Te1Dxh3+.Blackprofitsfromthepinnedg-pawn.ThemovewiththeknightopensthediagonalofLb7

andthemoveoftherookgivesuptheprotectionvanh3. 4)1.Lb2Ke52.c4#(mateintwo) 5)1.Le5+Ke72.Ld6#(doublecheckandluring) 6)1....Df5(defendingagainstapin;eliminatingtheattacker) 7)1....Lc72.Dd4Dxc1(activatingthebishop) 8)1.Dh4Dxd32.Tg8#(bringingintheguard) 9)1....Df32.Tc2Ld5(activatingthequeen,thebishopmustfollow)10)1....Ke7.WitharookupBlackcanplayforawin.After2.Te1thekingmustgotof6andthatlooksscarybutitisnot.

WhitehasonlytwoattackersandBlackhassufficientdefenders. 1....Kc8(repeatingthepositionaftercheckona8andd5;thekingmustgotoe7) 1....Ke8.Amistake,after2.Te1+thekingmustabandontheprotection.11) 1....e3+(1....f1D2.Tf8+;1....f1P+2.Ke1)2.Txe3f1D(cashinginapassedpawn)12)1....Tf4(1....Tc3?2.Dxf7+)2.gxf4Dxf3(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mateandapinnedpieceisnota

gooddefender)

47  1)1.…Tdg7(defendingagainstlossofmaterialandmate)

 2)1.dxc4 1.bxc4.Themoveisplayedwiththethought:‘Idon’twanttolosetherighttocastle’(thiswillbethecaseafterexchanging

queens).Movingandnotlookinganyfurther.Unfortunately1.…Dd4. 1.Pf3.Apawnsacrificewithoutactivityinreturn.Blackcancaptureond3orplaye4. 3)1.Td4Txf7(1....Lxd42.Dxd4+)2.Txd5(thepin:pin) 4)1....Kg8(1....Kxg6;1....Kh62.g7Kxg7)2.g7Pb53.Kxa2Kxg7(avoidingstalemate) 5)1....Db7+(doubleattack:X-raycheck) 6)1.Ph4Txf12.Dxh5T8f2#.Themoveoftheknightwasnotahappyone.(Merciai-Starr,Haifa1976) 7)1.Pd1(discoveredattackandtrapping) 8)1.f3(1.Ke2g32.fxg3fxg3)1....gxf32.Kf2Kb33.Kxf3Kc44.Kxf4Kd55.Kg4Ke66.Kxh3(defendingactive-

ly) 9)1....Te72.Dxe7Lxe7(2....Pxe7)(trapping)10)1.Td5+Dxd52.Dxd5+(chasingaway+materialthankstoX-rayprotection)11) 1.Pf4+(1.Pxe5+Kf8)1....Kf8(1....Kf62.Lh4#)2.Pe6#(chasing,takingawayanescapesquareanddiscovered

check)12)1.Pg5Txe12.Txe1Pe43.Pxf7(gainofmaterialthankstoin-betweenmove)

48  1)1.Df6(1.Txd5?exd52.Df6De1+3.Kc2De4+)1....Pxf62.Td8+(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)1.Tf3.Increasingthepressureonf6isfine(bothpinnedpiecesarenogooddefenders). 1.Tce3.Threateningsomething(i.e..capturingonf7andTe8+oratonceTe8)isnotenoughincasethereisasimplede-

fenceis:1.…Ld72.Te7Pd53.Ld3Pf6.Itistoolatefor2.Tf3becauseof2.…Te8. 1.Lxf7+.Liftingthepinremovesthepressure,tryalwaystomaintainthepressure(exceptforanimmediatewin!)1.…

Dxf7andnothinghasbeenachieved. 3)1....Dg42.Lxd5?Lb4+(defendingbycounter-attack) 4)1.Txc8Txb42.Txc7+Dxc73.cxb4(captureandluringaway+materialandin-betweenmove) 5)1.Ld5Pe62.b7(2.Lxe6)(avoidingstalemate) 6)1....Lxf4+2.Kg1Lh2+3.Txh2Dxh2#(doublecheck) 7)1....Lb7.Thebishopisintheway:1.Ta4(Cazon de Hase-Ruck Petit, Haifa 1976) 8)1.Tc1Tg5(1....Te72.Pxe7)2.Tc7+Kg83.Th8#Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionofthekingandathreat

whichisdifficulttoparry. 9)1.Kh1g32.Pf2+gxf2stalemate(defendingbystalemate)(Pogosjants 1978)10)1.Txb7(1.Dxc7?Txb1+)1....Dxb7(1....Dxa52.Tb8+)2.Dd8#(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender)11) 1.Txc7(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate)12)1....Lf52.Pxf5Txf5+3.Ke2Tf8(defendingagainstmate)

49  1)1.b4Lb62.a5(chasingandtrapping) 2)1....Dxe3+2.Lxe3Lxe3+3.Kh1Pf2+4.Kg1Pxd1+(X-rayprotection) 3)1....Ph5(discoveredattackandtrapping) 4)1....Lxd4(1....Dxd4?2.Dg5+)2.Dxd4Dxd43.Txd4(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+material) 5)1....d5.Excellent.Whitemustmoreorlessplay2.exd5exd43.d4.Afterexchangingond4andc6,White’stwominorpiecx-

esarepassive. 1....Ph5.Logical,but2.Pe2preventsthemoveoftheknighttof4andpreparesanactioninthecentrewithd4atthesame

time. 1....Tad8.Therookond8isnotnecessaryatthismoment,maybelater.Beflexible! 6)1....Tc8.Consideringallmovesandconcluding‘notpossible’willendwith1.Pa3(1.Tac1Pa2;1.Tfc1Pa2;1.Pxa5

Tcc2;1.Pd6Tcc231.Kh1Txg2).Eliminatingisthename. 7)1.e5+Kxe5(1....Ke72.La3)2.Lb2#.Usingthelastpawninausefulway! 8)1.Lxb6Dxb32.Lxd4+(gainofmaterialthankstoain-betweenmove) 9)1.Pxd4+(1.Pxa7+?Ka52.Pxc8Txa3)1....Kc52.Pb3#(doublecheckandchasing)10)Picture:GMHikaruNakamura11) Picture12)1....Lf2+2.Kxf2Pg4#(doublecheckandluring)

50  1)1.Lf6Txe5(1....Dxf62.Txe8+Txe83.Dxe8+)2.Dxh6+(discoveredattackandapinnedpieceisnotagooddefend-

er) 2)1.Kh1g2+(1....gxh2;1....Kh42.Kg2gxh23.Kxh2g3+4.Kg2Kg45.Kg1)2.Kg1g33.hxg3Kxg3(defending,

workingwithstalemate,guardingkeysquares)(Kovalenko 1985) 3)1....Kc8(1....Ka82.Txb3cxb3+3.Kxb3)2.d7+Kc7 4)1....Pa42.Dc1Pc3+Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionoftheking.Makinguseofapin. 5)1.Dh8+(1.g5+Kh7)1....Kg52.Le3#(mateintwobychasing) 6)1....Pc62.Txc6Lxc6(trappingforcesgainofmaterial)

 7)1.Ke5Kg32.Kf5h23.Ld5(keepingthelastpawn) 8)1.De3h62.gxh3(in-betweenmove) 9)1....Lg4savesthebishopwithtempo.After2.Te3cxd5Whitemusttaketheefforttowinbackhispawn.Ifatall. 1....cxd5leadstoanexchange:2.Dxd7dxe43.Dxb7. 1....Tad8(playedinagameU14).After2.Pc5Lg4?3.Te3?Dd6thegameendedfinallyinadraw.Correctwas2.…

Lh3(arealgainoftempo,after2.…Lg4Whitecanignorethecounter-attackwith3.Dxd8)3.f3h6withanequalgame.Blackcannotcaptureond5(Dxd8orDxf8+).

10)1.Lc4(discoveredattackandtrapping)11) 1....Tc82.Dxb7Txc1+3.Kh2Txb7(doubleattack:X-rayattackandin-betweenmove)12)1....Txd32.Dxd3exf3(2....Da53.Txe4)(discoveredattack)

51  1)1.Dxe3Pd5(1....Lxe32.Tc8+)2.Dxc5(2.De8+?Lf8)(apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)1....Tb32.De1Dxb2#(mateintwo) 3)1.Pb5(1.Pd5?Pf4+)1....Txb72.axb7(creatingapassedpawn) 4)1.Txe7(1.Txb3?Pb4)1....Pxe72.Tf8#(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate) 5)1.Pf7+(1.Pc4+?Kc8)1....Kc8(1....Kc62.Pd8#)2.Td8#(discoveredcheckandchasing) 6)1.Td1Dxd12.c8D(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 7)1....Dxf2+2.Dxf2Td1+3.De1(gettingoutofcheckbyinterposingthankstoX-rayprotection) 8)1....d5.Allblackpiecesaresituatedfineandifd5ispossible,itmustbeplayed.InthegameTwan Burg-Melissa Muhren

Dutch U14, Rijswijk 2000followed2.exd5Pxd53.Pxd5Txd5(rooksdon’tbelongonacrowdedboardinthecentre,toovulnerable–Lxd5isbetter).Blackdidwinhowever.

1....h6.Canbeusefulbutafter2.Dg3themoved5isnotpossible. 1....Pcd7.Theblackpositionremainssolidbutwithplayingaroundyoumakenoprogress. 9)1.Lxd4(defendingagainstapin).Itmakes1.…Ta1harmless.10)1.Pe6Txd1+2.Txd1(doubleattackwithtwopieces)11) 1.Kg3Ke42.Kf2Kxe53.Ke3Kd54.Kd3e55.Ke3.Intimetodefend;goingtof6loses.12)1.Kd6(1.Kf5Te5+2.Kxe5;1.Kd5Td1+)(gettingoutofcheckandavoidingcounter-play)

52  1)1....Pb32.Db1Dxe3(chasingaway+materialthankstoapinnedpieceisnotagooddefender) 2)1.Pd3+cxd32.b4#(mateintwo) 3)1.f5.Doubleaim:resolvingthedoublepawnandgivingthebishopmoremobility. 1.b3Pd6.Blackpreventsf5forever. 1.c4.Abadchoice.After1.…dxc42.Dxc4thepawnsareweak(mustbeprotectedbypieces)andthebishopishampered

byhisownpawns. 4)1.Kc6Pc4(defendingagainstadoubleattackbyacounter-attack) 5)1.Dg5+Lxg52.hxg5#(doublecheckandlineopening) 6)1....Dh3+(1....Dh1+2.Dg1Dxf3+3.Lf2)2.Kg1Dh2+(perpetualcheck) 7)1.d7+Kd8(1....Lxd72.Dxb2Tc83.Txc8+;1....Pxd72.Dc8+Txc83.Txc8#)2.Dc8+Txc83.dxc8D#Differ-

enttheme’s:apinnedpieceisnotagooddefender,X-rayprotection. 8)1.Td7+Te72.Dxc7(discoveredattackanddoubleattackrook) 9)1.Pc3Lc42.a7(cashinginapassedpawn)10)1....c4(1....Pg6?2.Td8#)(defendingagainstmatebyeliminatingtheguardwithinterposing)11) 1.Pc5(1.Pe5fxe52.dxe5+Lxe5+)1....bxc52.bxc5#(mateintwo)12)1.Pe5h5(1....fxe52.fxe5+)2.Pf7#Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionoftheking.

53  1)1....Dxb12.Txb1Lxd6(gainofmaterialthankstoanin-betweenmove–desperado) 2)1.Pexd6+(or1.Pcxd6+cxd62.Pxd6+)1....cxd62.Pxd6+(doubleattack:knightforkthankstoapinnedpieceisnota

gooddefender) 3)1.Le6(bringinginahelper) 4)1.Ta2Pe52.Dxd1(discoveredattack) 5)1.Ld4Pe82.Lxf6+(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 6)1.Lxe5.Thecorrectcapture.After1.…Dxe22.Txe2Te8hasWhitechoice,i.e.3.Te1. 1.Dxb5.Blackmakesuseoftheweakbackrankandcaptures1.…axb5andthereisnotimetotakeone5. 1.Dxe5Df1#iscertainlynotcorrect. 7)1....De22.Df2Dxb5(in-betweenmove) 8)1.Pg5Txe2andnot1.…Lxe22.Pxe4Lxd13.Pxd6.Bewareofin-betweenmoves. 9)1....Pxe52.Dd6Dxd63.cxd6Pxd3(discoveredattackandtrapping)10)1.Lg2(1.d7?Kc72.Ka2Kd83.Lf5Ke74.Kxa3b1D5.Lxb1Kxd7)1....Kc52.d7Keepingthekingoutsidethe

squareofthepawn.11) 1....Pb6(1....Lb7?2.La5)2.La5Pxd53.Lxc7Pxc7(trapping)12)1.Pd3+(1.b4+?Kd4)1....Lxd32.b4#(mateintwo)

54  1)1....De3+2.Pxe3Pd4#(mateintwobyclearingasquare) 2)Picture 3)Picture 4)1.Db8+De8(1....Df82.Dxf8+Kxf83.Txe6;1....Kg72.Dh8+)2.Dxe8+Txe83.Txe8+(X-rayprotection) 5)1.Lxc5Txc52.Tb7+(2.Txb8?Tc1#)2....Kg83.Txb8+(discoveredattackandin-betweenmove) 6)1.La4Dc7(1....Dxb32.Lxb3a53.Td2)2.Txd3(defendingagainstapassedpawnthankstoX-rayprotection) 7)1....Ta82.Pf8(2.Pf6?Kb4)2....Txf83.gxf8T!(3.gxf8D?;3.gxf8L?;3.gxf8P?Kb4)(avoidingstalemateby

minor-promotion) 8)1.Le4(1.Lb3?axb32.Dc3b2)1....Tb12.Dxb1Lxb13.Lxb1(defendingagainstapin) 9)1....Kh7unpinsthef-pawn,Dxg6isnotathreatanylonger. 1....b5.Theattackonthebishoppostponestakingong6justforonemove:2.Ld5Tb83.Dxg6 1....g5.Anunnecessaryweakening.Whitecanplay3.Pd5Le64.Pe3.10)1.Dd4Dxd4(1....Dg32.exd6)2.Pbxd4(doubleattackandin-betweenmove)11) 1.Dc6!Kxf5(1....Dxc62.Pe7+)2.De4#(luringanddoubleattack:knight)12)1....f52.Tg7(2.Pg6+hxg63.Txe4fxe4)2....Txf4(defendingagainstmateandchasingaway+material)

55  1)1....Pxd4(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+materialandin-betweenmove) 2)1....Pf6(discoveredattackandtrapping) 3)1.De7+Dxe72.Lg6#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate) 4)1....cxd4.Duetothepinofthec-pawnWhitemusttakebackwithapiece.Heremainswithaweakdoublepawn. 1....Dxc3+.Thesilliestmovebecauseof2.Ld2andthequeenhasbeentrapped. 1....Pc6.NowWhiteshouldprevent2....cxd4by2.Ld2. 5)1.Pxg6+fxg62.Dxf4+(in-betweenmove) 6)1.De6!d4(1....Dxe62.Lxg7#)2.Dg8#(eliminationofthedefence:luringaway+mate)(Belyavsky 2011) 7)1.Ld5adiscoveredattackwithouttakinganin-betweenmoveintoconsideration1.…Lf5+(1....Dxe2?2.Th4+)2.Ka2

Dxe23.Th4+Lh7 8)1....Txe32.Txe3Pf2#(eliminationofthedefence:capturing+mate) 9)1.Pxf6+Kf82.Ph7#(doublecheckandaccess)10)1.Tf5Th62.Pxf6+Txf63.Txf6Exploitingvulnerability:abadpositionoftheking.11) 1....Txf32.gxf3(2.Pd4Dxe8)2....Dxe8(discoveredattack)12)1....g42.Td3(2.Tg3Ld2)2....La3(thepin:attackingapinnedpiece)

56  1)1.Dg4+Tg5(gettingoutofcheckbyacounter-pin) 2)1.Tb5Kxb52.b7b1D3.b8D+(defendingagainstapassedpawn) 3)1....Dxg3+2.Lxg3Th8+(matebyaccess) 4)1.Kd6+Kc82.Lb7+Kxb73.Kd7(avoidingstalemate) 5)1....Pb52.Dxb5Lxb5(discoveredattackandtrapping) 6)1.e4.White’spositionisfantasticandBlackcanonlyplaywiththeknight.Thismovepreventsthat. 1.Tc1allowsBlacktoplay1.…Pd5afterwhichtheb-pawncanplay. 1.0–0–0Seepreviousmove. 7)1....Df62.cxd7+Lxd73.Dd1Dxa1(trapping) 8)1.Td4+Kxd4(1....Kb32.Txd5Pa43.Ke3)2.e3#(chasingaway+material) 9)1.Tb7(1.Txe6?fxe62.Tb7+Tf7)1....Ld42.Txe6(doubleattackwithtwopieces)10)1.Pd4!Kd62.Kc1Kc73.Kb2Kb74.Kxa1Ka65.Pb3Theknightmustprotectthepawnoutsidethesquareofthe

pawn.(Rossi 2004)11) 1.Lg6+Kxg6(1....Txg62.De7#)2.Dh5#(mateintwo)12)1....Da3+(1....Txc8?2.Te8+)2.Kb1Txc8(in-betweenmove)

57  1) explanation 2) explanation 3) example 4)1.Ld72.Lb5# 5)1.Te42.La5# 6)1.h42.Lh2# 7)1.Lg42.Ped8# 8)1.Lb42.Te3# 9)1.e8P2.Dc5#10)1.c72.c8P#11) 1.f8P2.Tf6#12)1.d8P2.Pb7#

58  1)1.e32.Da5+ 2)1.Pe72.Dd2# 3)1.Lb42.Tf1# 4)1.h8T2.Ta8# 5)1.c8P2.a8D# 6)1.Kg22.Lc3# 7)1.Dc72.b8P+ 8)1.b8L2.Th6#(1.b8Disstalemate;Blackisnotallowedtomove,buthemusthavealegalmoveathisdisposal.Thatis

whygivingcheckonthefirstmoveisnotallowedeither.) 9)1.d8P2.Pc6#10)1.Td82.Th3#11) 1.Tf42.Th7#12)1.Dc52.Df8#

59  1) example 2)1.a4Kb4(1....Ka62.Da8#;1....b52.Dxb5#)2.Db5#(Kuligin 1983) 3)1.Dd6Ka4(1....b42.Da6#)(Speckmann 1969) 4)1.Db6Ka3(1....axb42.Da6#)2.Dxa5#(Kaschtschejev 1971) 5)1.Kd1Kf12.De1#(Polgar,Zsu1999) 6)1.a4Kc4(1....Ka52.Db5#;1....c42.Db5#)2.De4#(Saks 1993) 7)1.Kc3Ka42.Da6#(Nielsen 1939) 8)1.Kc5b6+(1....Ka62.Da8#;1....b52.axb6#)2.axb6#(Ognjanoviv 1912) 9)1.Dc1Kh3(1....g62.Dh6#;1....g52.Dh1#)2.Dh1#(Lazard 1925)10)1.Da3Kc4(1....e32.Db4#)2.Dc5#(Lazard 1926)11) 1.d4a4(1....Ka42.Db3#;1....Ka32.Db3#)2.Dc5#(Kaschtschejev 1975)12)1.Kc5bxa2(1....Ka32.Dxb3#;1....b22.Da8#)2.Dxa2#(Schaposchnikow 1982)

60  1)1.Tg8Kh4(1....h42.Dg2#;1....Kh22.Dg2#)(Radtschenko 1993) 2)1.Dg2Kh72.Txh4#(Speckmann 1969) 3)1.Db3+axb32.Ta8#(Seljawkin 1988) 4)1.Df8Kh5(1....Kh72.Dxg7#)2.Dh8#(Poisson 2011) 5)1.Td6Ka6(1....b52.Da3#)(Slesrenko 1989) 6)1.Tb5a4(1....Ka72.Txa5#)2.Dxa4#(Nikitin 1997) 7)1.Ke3Kxd1(1....Kc32.Tc1#)2.Db1#(Brüchner 1949) 8)Picture 9)Picture10)1.Dc3Kf2(1....e32.Dc2#)2.De1#(Kaschtschejev 1971)11) 1.Db4b6(1....Ka72.Dxb7#;1....Kc82.Dxb7#)2.Df8#(Kirillov 1994)12)1.Dc6Kxa3(1....Ka52.Txa4#)2.Dc3#(Wohlers 1933)

61  1)1.Tc1Kxh12.Kf2#(Scheltonoschko 1991) 2)1.Ta1Kg1(1....d22.Lxd2#;1....Ke12.Le3#)2.Lf4#(Lebedinez 1991) 3)1.Tf2h22.Tf1#(Mlynka 2006) 4)1.Tb2d22.Tb1#(Koschelenko 1992) 5)1.Tg3Kb82.Tg8#(Kardos 1971) 6)1.Tb4h1D(1....Kf82.Tb8#;1....Kd82.Tb8#)2.Tb8#(Garcer 1994) 7)1.Tg6Kh82.Th6#(Pypa 1992) 8)1.Tc3Ka12.Ta3#(Pypa 1974) 9)1.Lc5Ka7(1....bxc5)2.Ta5#(Kopyl 2001)10)1.Lb4Ke12.Tc1#(Iwanow 1989)11) 1.Tg2c2(1....Ke12.Tg1#)2.Tg1# (Bata Lorinc 2010)12)1.Lg4Kb12.T(Schönberger 1925)

62  1)1.Lb5+Kc82.La6#(Vogel 1998) 2)1.Dh2Kd1(1....Kf12.Df2#)2.Dd2#(De Savignac-Castelet 1925) 3)1.Lc6e1D(1....e1P2.Dh1#;1....Kh32.Dh5#(2.Dh1#))2.Dg2#(Hannemann 1974) 4)1.Lb1Kxb12.Dh1#(Kalugin 1997) 5)1.Df2c1D(1....c1P2.Lc2#;1....Kc12.Dxc2#)2.De2# 6)1.Dc3b42.Db2#

 7)1.Dd6Kf7(1....Kd82.Db8#)2.Dg6#(Sevcenko 1995) 8)1.De7g6(1....g5+2.Dxg5#;1....Kg62.Dg5#)2.Dh7#(Lebedinez 1992) 9)1.La3Kb1(1....Kxa32.Da1#;1....b22.Dxb2#)2.Db2#(Kapitonov 1992)10)1.Lc3Ka3(1....b1D2.Da4#;1....b1P2.Db3#)2.Db3#(Pethers 1930)11) 1.Kb2Ka42.Da3#(Kahl 1928)12)1.La4c1D(1....c1P2.Dd1#)2.Df2#

63  1)1.Df6Lc62.Td8# 2)1.Dg7Ka6(1....Ka82.Dxb7#)2.Da1#(Shaposhnikov 1982) 3)1.De3Ka5(1....Lc62.Db6#)2.Da3#(Andreev 1996) 4)1.Kb5Kf4(1....Kd42.Dc4#)2.Dg4#(Riczu 1975) 5)1.Da8Kb52.Txb3#(Cavrel 1923) 6)1.Tf8Kg72.Df7# 7)1.Tc5Kd4(1....Kf42.Dg4#)2.Dc4#(Riczu 1975) 8)1.Dc3Lf2(1....Lxc32.Th2#;1....Ld22.Dh3#)2.Dh8#(Sachodjakin 1966) 9)1.Kf2+Kh2(1....Lf12.Dh7#)2.Dc7#(Pipa 1993)10)1.Kc3Lxb1(1....Lf52.Ta1#)2.Da8#(Pronin 1987)11) 1.De4Lc6(1....Lxe42.Tg8#;1....Kb82.De8#)2.Tg8#(Lindgren 1945)12)1.Kd2Lf3(1....Lg22.Dg4#;1....Kd42.Da4#;1....Kf42.Dg4#)2.Da4#(Kotrc 1928)

64  1)1.Kg1Kb12.Kh2# 2)1.Tf2Kg12.Ke2# 3)1.Kb6Kxa3(1....a52.Txa5#)2.Ta5#(Ermolow 1876) 4)1.a5Ka4(1....b5+2.axb6#)2.Ta2#(Hjelle 1956) 5)1.Tg8Kxg8(1....Ke72.c8P#)2.c8D#(Kondratjev 1995) 6)1.Thg3f4(1....Kh72.Kg3#)2.Th5#(Szentgyörgyi 1927) 7)1.Th3Kd4(1....f3+2.Th4#)2.Tc4#(Schönberger 1925) 8)1.Ke4Kd62.Txf6# 9)1.Ke8Ke62.Tg6#(Olejnik 1988)10)1.Kc8Kc62.Te6#(Kipping 1955)11) 1.a6b3(1....Ka32.Ta5#)2.Ta1#(Koschakin 1994)12)1.Th3c2(1....Kxb32.Thxc3#)2.Ta4# (Gartser, Shaknaza 1989)

Remarksorimprovements?Pleasesendamailtoinfo@stappenmethode.nlAnysuggestionstoimprovetheEnglishtranslationwillbewelcome.