Steps Involved in a Research Process

8/2/2019 Steps Involved in a Research Process

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STEPSINVOLVED

IN ARESEARCHPROCESS

By: Shriya Gupta

Snabhi Kohli

Subject: AdvancedResearch MethodologyCourse no. 208


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Research: An Introduction

The systematic investigation into andstudy of materials and sources in order toestablish facts and reach new

conclusions.

Reading a factual book of any sort is akind of research. Surfing the internet orwatching the news is also a type ofresearch.


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Steps Involved in a Research:

There are eight steps in scientific researchor scientific method of investigation:

1. Define/select the problem.

2. Review literature.3. Formulate the hypotheses.4. Plan the research design.

5. Collect the data.6. Analyze the data.7. Draw conclusion.8. Replicate the study (when necessary).


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1. Define/select the problem:Probably the most common sources of

research ideas are the experience of practicalproblems in the field.

Another source of research ideas is theliterature in ones specific field. Many

researchers get the ideas for research byreading the literature and thinking of ways to

extend or refine previous research.

Once a basic research idea has beenchosen, the next step is to ensure that the

topic has merit.


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2. Review literature:

Researchers who conduct studies underthe guidelines of scientific research neverbegin a research project without firstconsulting available literature to learn whathas been done, how it was done, and whatresults were generated.

It not only allows the researchers to learnfrom previous research but also save time,effort, and money.


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Review literature (contd.):

Before attempting any project, researchersshould ask these questions:

What type of research has been done in

the area? What has been found in the previous

studies?

What suggestions do other researchersmake for further study? What has not been investigated? What research methods were used in

previous studies?


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3.Formulate the hypotheses:

A hypothesis is an assumption aboutrelations between variables. It is a tentativeexplanation of the research problem or aguess about the research outcome which

can be empirically verified. Ex: Non-working women enjoy lower social

status than working women.

Here the variables are: womans work and

social status.


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4. Plan the Research Design:

Research design is the detailed strategy toconduct a research. It plans as to:

What is to be observedHow is to be observedWhen/where is to be observedWhy is to be observed

How to record observationsHow to analyze/interpret observationsHow to generalize


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5. Collect the data: Data for research purposes can be divided

into two types:1. Primary2. Secondary

Primary: The primary data are those whichare collected afresh and for the first time, andthus happen to be original in character.

Secondary: The secondary data, on the otherhand, are those which have already beencollected by someone else and which have

already been passed through the statistical


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Collect the data (contd.):

Collection of primary data: Primary data canbe collected either through experiment orsurvey.

Collection of secondary data: Secondary datacan be either published data or unpublisheddata.

Published data can be collected from Books,

magazines and newspapers; Reports andpublications of various associations.

The sources of unpublished data may beDiaries, letters, unpublished biographies andautobiographies.


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6. Analyze the data:

In this stage, the researcher analyses the data,prepares tables, and interprets the facts.

After collecting data, the method of convertingraw data into meaningful statement; includesdata processing, data analysis, and datainterpretation and presentation.


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Analyze the data (contd.):

Data reduction or processing mainlyinvolves various manipulations necessaryfor preparing the data for analysis. Theprocess (of manipulation) could be manualor electronic. It involves editing,categorizing the open-ended questions,coding, computerization and preparation of

tables and diagrams.


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7. Draw conclusion:

Logical conclusions are drawn based on theanalysis of data and suggestions for future

research are given.


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8. Replicate the study:

The above research project is replicated indifferent places, if we want to generalize thefindings of the research.


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THANK YOU ALL

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Steps Involved in a Research Process