Stereotyping+and+Prejudice (1)

8/3/2019 Stereotyping+and+Prejudice (1)

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All people engage in categorization.

Categorization is classifying or sorting ofperceived information into distinct group.

Categorization is useful because it helpreduce uncertainty, increase the accuracyof prediction about others, and maintainself-esteem.

The negative side of categorization isignoring individual element of the person,and minimizes in-group differences whilemaximizing out-group differences.


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The kind of information upon which people

from categories are (i) conspicuous

differences and similarities, (ii) familiarity, (iii)

functional important, (iv) maximizing the

relative advantage of the ingroup, (v)

projection, (vi) similarity, (vii)

desirable/undesirable qualities, (viii) salientinformation.


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Jim: Hi (Thinks to himselfMan, hes so short, hes just like allthe other Asian Ive seen.) [Type ofcategorization=conspicuous differences]

Akira: Hi. Im Akira (Thinks to himselfWow, hes prettytall.) [Type of categorization=conspicuous differences]

Jim: Im Jim, are you student here (Thinks to himselfHesprobable a math major.) [Type of categorization=

familiarity] Akira: Yes (Thinks to himselfHe probably thinks Im

Chinese.) [Type of categorization= familiarity]

Jim: Are you from Japan. (Thinks to himselfHe probablywonders if I drive a Honda. I wonder if he realizes how many

Americans are unemployed because of all the importedJapanese cars.) [Type of categorization= projection]

Akira: Yes, I am. (Thinks to himselfWhat will he ask menow. These Americans are so impolite.) [Type ofcategorization= salient information]


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Stereotypes as a subset of categorizing and

involving the attribution of characteristics ofa group to an individual based on theindividuals membership in the group.

Stereotypes as cognitive representation ofanother group that influence ones feelingsabout the group.

A generalization about a group of people.Tell us what people in that category are like.

Stereotyping involves members of one

group attributing characteristics tomembers of another group. Theseattributions carry a positive or negativeevaluation.


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Differences among the members of the

group are not taken into account

(overestimate the association between

group membership and members traits)

Influence the way we process information. Making errors in the interpretation of

others behavior.

Remember more favorable informationabout in-groups and more unfavorable

information about out-groups.

Distort or bias our information processing.


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The difficulties arise when stereotypes carry

a negative valence and are used to

overgeneralizes negative traits to an entire

group of people when, in reality, few

members of the group actually possess

such traits.

Stereotyping can lead to ethnocentrism,prejudice, and discrimination.


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Ethnocentrism is a tendency to place onesown group or ethnicity in a position ofcentrality and worth while creatingnegative attitudes and behaviors towardsother groups.

Ethnocentrism leads to self-centereddialogue where communicators use theirown cultural standards to evaluate andcommunicate with others.

Ethnocentric attitudes are reflected inlinguistic diversity and createcommunicative distance betweencommunicator (indifference, avoidance,disparagement).


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I apply my values when judging people who

are different

I see people who are similar to me as virtuous

I do not cooperate with people who are

different I prefer to associate with people who are like

me

I do not trust people who are different


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Prejudices is negative attitudes towardsothers based on faculty and inflexiblestereotype.

Prejudice involves making a prejudgmentbased on membership in a category.

Improving our intercultural interaction

Change in attitude toward the group as

a whole Increased complexity of intergroup

perceptions

Decategorization

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Stereotyping+and+Prejudice (1)