Stiegler_For a New Critique of Political Economy

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Fora

New Criique ofPolitical Economy

BERNARD STIEGLER

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CONTES

For a New Critiqu o Pota Enmy 1

Heads burid n he n: a warg

Iroducton 8

haacog of th pl!tt 1

To work 5

hg Cpitl an n

Cnbun

Nom

Il

71

130

14



For a New Critique of PoliticlEonomy

ForAn/fuic I'EpiuImd Chs/tl ri





ON

Heads buried n the sand: a

wanng

e [hss put owad in tis smal volume wee rstt aU( on Janua 15. 009 at te Maiso" I'E,ding a ectre wih vyne Groman and theCo/t nr;nal dt ph;[sopb nvited me (0 delve,and hey we so discssed in my conibution 1 te

atalogue or "Work: Manng and Ca, n tion held in Desden fm ne 2009 t Mr 0 I 0

at te initiativ o te esches Hygene-Musehe Geman F Cltua oundaion and anielTds.

1

decded 0 psh h rons in te mist o nomic d po deat tang pa� tghotte wold aot te necessiy o mpementing stimuls plans n oder [0 imit (he d structive e ects of he rt ptay economc cisis of th capitalSt indus-ial word. Now wen in suc debates "inv stment stimuls" and consmption stimulus ar: sken of in opposing [es, tO d stin t qusrions become con-f, qstons hat, in fact do eie smultneusratment yet acoding to tO di erent scals of time,

3



fOR A NEW CRITIQUE

: du whh i al the geate. gven ha th� pm

cris htud /Ih' COlm' od.Those\ho advocae muang onsmpion he

h to eonomc rove want nhe o hea nor

peak about the en of consumerm Bu he French

governmen whch dvo stimuang invtment

s no more wlng ha hose who advoca tmua·ing conumpin to C1l [he onmeit indal

mode n qesio e nh veron oftmulaing

nvesmen" (whch ems mo uhtle when t come

rom Baack Obama) arges ha the et wa (0 51Ve

consumption hugh invesm, h y restring

protabli whch wll in r rstore an etrepre

neura dnamsm iself founded upon onsumerim

and s ounerpar markediven prodctvism

n ohe words hs nvmen' popo no ong

erm vw apabe o dawng any leson om te

oase of an ndStia mo bed on the automobie,

on o and on he onsrcton o hghway newoks a

we s on he Heen nework o he c nds·

tri hi enemble h untl reeny formed e bao onsmeism ye today t is osoee a C whch

becme clear urng he auumn of 208. In otherwords his nvsment" s no an esmen: i ison the

ontay a dilv, an abdcaon whh onssS

in dong no moe han big01S h�ad th� Wd

4



H bUTi in I" san d:Iwlmig

is "nvsmen ply whh ha n gal thet the

recnson f he cnsumes md, she traslain f a mbun i esperay(ng plng he fe f a mel whc hs «meself-esuce enying an cncealing f as lng aspsbe the Ct tar he cnsumeris me is nw mssvy txic a [xiciy exening beyn he qustn

f tc asets) beaue ha 'Jhe is lm. Tsenal s a maer f ting fr as lng s psbe tmainain he clsal p ha an be accue bythe capable f epliing iI

e cnsumest md has ache s limis bcause

has becme ysemically shemis buse hasgiven se t a JUmic upid ha sftrl pVS

Ul Tomtutin fa kg-t hrzn. is nvtmen s nt an nvment aring 0 any tems hehan he f pue acun: it is a pure an simpl

estaishment f e Ue f thngs yng ebute inusria ansp withut at al changing t ucue stll ls s ams a n he hpe f prcngncme evels ha ha hihet bn ahevable

Sch may e the hp bu ts ae the lse hps

hse wth bue has e genune bj� f ebaeraise by he isis an by he quen hw (Q esapehs criss ught be hw vrme the shrtemsm t whh we hae been le by a cnsmeism

5



FOR A NW CRIT1QUE

intrinsically destructiv of all gnuin nvsment-tha

is,of invent in e r-a sorter is wias Jysica, nd 10t dm bee trnslaed nto

[e coposo ofilvent io pruol.

We we us in order ( avoid a majo eco

nomc catastope, nd o aenuat te social injustc

caused b te crisis, stmulate consuption ad t conoc ma<Sch a si is is a qestion as urgn as

it s lgitiats long as suc a polcy dos not smpl

aggravate te situaion at te COSt o llions nd bil

lions of euos o ollars wle at te sa ti maskng

t true question wic s to produce a vision and apoltl will capabl of progesive oig wy o

the Oloico-poiL opx of C01p'iol so asJ

n io th op of w p of ilVJ wic

must be a soc nd poliil invesmnt or, n oer ·

words n nvset in a coo dese ta is inwa Astl cld phi and wic would tn orm

t bsis of a nw tpe o economic investmnt.

Bewen t absolut rgnc wc obviousl

imposes t imrativ o alvagg t prsn

sittioad of avoding e passage om a gobaleconoc csis to a gobal politicl crisis ha igt

t unles mita conts o global dimnsios

and te absolu necessy tat conssts in podUCig a

otenti ue in t fom of a political and socal will

6



Hm bured i tl sand: a waig

apabl f mig a be wih t prent itatn,

te is deay a condtio. Suh a ntn isaactistic wat happen t a yna te in

tis cae t inta syte an t b capiait

yte) nce it as beg t mua

Tis eti pitica a c s it is ec: it

is a qein pitica eny a atte known g

in haprcJy thi 1fU;O c oni m. an t wat pitl bu als nti. ie i leas i is a atte

Ioig w n! indusl pol/s reli r (n

pint at east. a Obaa sees ity aea e

Een w eain expet at nctinin in a ste

eniany sc a epne cpabe itae

eing wit te ein wat nt mei·

ate tep a n� in e t savg te nti

ye. an wih t esin e w s steps

u ibe wtn an enic an piic ttin ting [0 a rein-i it is te

at wen e s un CO v], [en it

tanatn, t wic ae it an avi a

estctin conts a revlun

7



<TWO

Introduction

RetentionaL economy

In 20 1 I argud n La Tlmiq� n I T�pJ 3: U

rpsdJI dnb �1 qUi(m ·t�. and by way of

adng Kam's Cq ofPu RaJon fo a n�w ciiqu

fo a cue addssng th quston o a n·

on. that s, (h uson of nohns-n n

o gnal s addng h sion o hn

wich qu ai Zrn n, was cons

s a pa/;zaon h i of oOJ n

oonJJ and hfo consus an conscous

n f no Ih nonscious I would lik o donsta

h a his quston of tray rmon opns up a

nw prpv on pol conoy d s ciiq

and now o han ha aks a nw ctiqu o

polal onoy h ssmal ask of phlosoph

Conscos s won wh wha Husl cals

nons and pomons1 Pa rmon s hat

whc is o n vr pasag o s h cours

of hs such ta as a psm whch passS s

8



duClof

onstituted y the immediate and pmodal etnone "pmay etenio ) of is ow pang Beomig

pt, (is pasage of the peen is he oiUed a

eonday reeon hat is. a those memoil on- (ents sovt whch togther om the woven threads

o ou memoy [mimore].

etiay eteion i a memotial exteiori-

ztion of seonda etentions whih a themelvesegedeed y pima eeions Bu from e

eginning of that proe o hominization [ha Adr

LeoGorhan dcries a a prcs of exteioa

tio all tehca ojets otitte a egeneratoa

ppo of memoy whih �mn uril rt ovedtes leaing InppmiHngJ and mnesi atvis To

t xtent. heee tea etenon lwys lready

preede the ontitton o prima and seconda

etenton A newo hid aives to a wod i

whch teiary eention o preede ad awat t,ad whih preiey, otitC th wold wold

And e paialzati o idivdu me beoming

theey colective me tertary retenon is an origial

exteriorization of the mnd [p/),

In the ouse of huan histo however he mnemechi retenionalaye is raome eig n

b ompexiy and de leds pa(ca fomthe advent of Neolithi dtaition, to the fomation

9



FOR A NEW CRITIQU

I

of ten reemio te wc coe cregly

alytcal ecordg of pim�ry d ecoda t·ol Aow or uxe IX sl Ch � te of wtig erto. It ti� wi tat.lgos cotted: e dcettio of te coto ow of lggewhc, patld c e be coidered clly

wi te ee iHo dcitic e d s is poi o wc detly d pcicly og!poceed B t dcetzato o ow lo ae

gete Te dcretto of gete w giv coceteepeo w te aplco of Jcqe de Vco'

oaio teolo to te acqard loo d bce geeazed i te for of (e idtril reoltio

Ge t ee be coided lik pee) eeiol 80w la i a O;nuoz chain kca·

m:] o g a e eig [apprt HagJ of a

c cot prodg getrl ody eetio we te dicetiato d t ptaledreprodto of e ie of gete cottt cal aoto bt wee t o loge he ogos ofte ouL bt rther te gete of te body tt becoe

anati podlcib erty retto T re o-dliy elS i remioa g at oe cllam. d i wy we oit e evolio oftey etemo fro te Neolitic age til o owcottte poce of gat7o.

10



Intucio

In he couse of te nineeenh cnu, echnologies

for mmai1in adioSalIruption appear hrouhwhich h Rows of he seso organs are iscred. All no psyhomoor nd aeshec funions

then nd hemelve nsformed b grammzaionprocess Condeed n em o polial onomyti amou t (he c at te unon oonepton, podution nd onumpton wh arerammatd-nd wh� ae herey norpored no

n ppa deoted (0 he puon o eraryreenon onolled b mlsyrm.!

7( work ofgammattin

I wold lke to show :

• e quson of eiry eeon engendered a iis n the ose of he proess of grammaizaion she ondion of he oletraniaion desied bMax nd Enel in te CommunitMsf

new foms of gmmaion nnown o Marx

nd n onitute nw oms o poleini7aon

fom t perspeive a ew rie o polleonomy is he a plcrct fo philosoph

I



FOR I NEW CRITIQUE

Ths shot book opo a brief exoson of e con

sdeaons whch consute he bas of uch a newctque of ola economy. foced aond ve

qesons. n ode to open a debate wth Ma, and

on the eon of abo and wo today-gven tha

abo whch s! a�a wh sdenazaton aways

ovedeemned by the 5e of gammazaton whh scent at the tme and gven hat gammatzton_is

at esent ndegong new and tealy evotonay

dveoments

he esenta pes of h exoon ae the

olwn:

• the qtSri 0/ pduci. OL a moment whn w. ,

ae enteng o a nw economc nd nd ea

whch, ce wth he aet dveopme i gm

mazaon. poe anew �he eson of h dnoof abo

the l consumpio, and of wha M wa

unabe o foeee whch w the way n whch con

smon woud be recongued n he tweneh

centy n an ental eaton o dese and o seconomy-n an eeal aton to wha thogh

the pathway t he magnay tha s o nasy.

and though that o the nconscos. tansfoms by

bndng o the matea of he dves;

12



/ruc

• e qJINtio oft prltont, of he undrsandng

and exenson of hs onep of s uss and susein t Maist adiion, o is being orgoen, and

i mm mpnl

• e qu�o ofldu and s inspon in uan

bomng onsdered fom te pespev o

grmmazaion;

he QJ;Ol fIxua/itis suh as hese a nces·

sany eongud n he ose f pocess

of indusralaion. nso as ndusaizion is a

proess of gaaizao, and in eir raon o

sndduaion tbat t (01mlr,

h qsn of social cm n th awok o a

new proleanzon of (be dappaane of wha

on c e borgeie- py middJe or grand

and te s o a beongmaa of palsm

13



TH REE

Phmacolog of thepotai

From cmmt h mak

One hundred and eas ag, in Janua 1859. Ma

published s orbo to aN�U r;tq� ofPolic

Eo1omy and hece wn I arge hee fr a ew i-

iqe o liial ecnmy I am al eaingthis annivrar. Bu. a he same ime I am payig

hage ( he juna l Nvr Crtq, au

whih I spke n Sepeme 208 a an anul even

spnsed b e n�spape L 'HmniI dsibng

e pae rna ds m pes s as anadlece and ng lian: was he pags f s

Cuns Pa pbn a e s me I

ed ab pycanlss linguis anpl and

phlsph

Final and ae all in speakng toda au anw riqu I am engagig in plemil dialgue

wih an elleual radi whih is ve muh my

wn eeging renc hilsphy in he scdha e Wenie cen£y and whi s POS-

14



Phrcog ofh� proi

mutuHs-oowng Bh. autho of Ctl

EsJ, and abou whoJ

also head o he s! en L NOlw Crif iqltpsed thar rque wa a

oncep nsepabe o etaphysics ha wa o his

en se eaphysa, and ha heneoh, t wod

b e a arr o"rung than o dconurng

In y own view, deonston eans a tue,

an t s as sh that t ns nauabe r none

o this s vey e, d woud say that n a way,

deonsturon ed to te ts tue o tue,

ed that s o tue he a that the o takn

by tue h hstoay ben etphysa In othe

wods, t has not aed wht a te ght be w�rit no onrd�d 01 sm ooosos.

What do I ean wh I spek o havng to s

a�s n the u o pot eonoy? And sr

o a, wh i pota conoy? w no n Ct gve

any kid o daed answe o hs qson whhha

n any se aeady bn etiousy exoed

by Gdo Bes J wi stir ye to onting our

a wheea ens eaes te denion o potca

eonoy gven by Anone d Monrrien n 1 6 1 5

(aodng to whh t ees t an eonoy supngthe doest sphee o the o/s) to the ueston o o-

�r ouated by oud in 1791, n ths wok hees a arte o a pta eonoy h s I/O lonr

15



FOR A NW CRTIQUE

$tcr/ omm�dl. t s fU: tha mm s a

o change eucble o wa apens o he maknwe inustralaon and mechazo ceae \orms o xag.

Commece s aways a echage o auoj1

(kowge o how to make o do a iN);U

kowedge o how 0 lve) s s same seshermore, ta "ommece may n Fenh reer tocovesao ad mor' generl to al orm o rt·l ocal ro On the ohr han hwver tCOI/wl!r;t market prspposS he qaton o o

' an s(o·v Te erence eweencommerc an the maket was ecen arme anelore ranck Agge Olve avrau nAma Hatch at a collom i Crisaal•.Lt machmlrhP)2

Phisoph "onomy. and ilog to

In te sprg o 2008. vyne Gossma vd m o spek at the Col foal phlooph;�. a I

sggeste speakg on [ hme whc oms e o te pese wok becase I w covcd tha were o e vege o an upeceene cs a cscalg lSeh o a n� crtque o potl econm-

1 6



Prmnco oft/� poflnaf

th sps of hh I analyz n gac dtail n Pour

(f ni I/ "kr;It u: QrtqJ prpos;t;01 d'"ldt.J

T w ao, howv. anoth rcason o ck

ng abo s subj: I antd o pok a dsusonn ontmay phosophy aou th Sate o s

oll dsour. gvn ta so otn, ot ndedmo of h tm, Fnh phosoprs from my on

d pdng genon ( some notlpons)" o/bing hatove o say ao on·poray omy as ohg d ppd

s doman s e end o eond Wod Wao agan as [ a poho on y lo

o vntoni ed o noms ar

advnt o �oom-e onomsm o

mo homo «nom, s om samlan

nomsm nompass Maxsm lqudang-me olt ang o a o trl msaks owi c h we a now awar.

I ll ty e, n ( opn up a covaion ih t o come o us f om this tw ntiet cnury. B

I Would a ad above a lkC (Q invte thei ders. a among rhe lae, those who ulke mysdf . aC stil ) philosopes, d hose wo ar c not employed • pilosopCs, bt wo study plosophy case t a v made it ti 0( ; /1 1 : al (os who ar nOI

17



FOR A NE W CR IT IQ UE

profonal philoophes. u who ae oves (nmntl)

of phiosophy ad s such eds of wom-ha swho ae a uch, ue phosophe

In openng up th exchage wha I wD o ay

efoe ayhig else i the folowig: the phioophy

of our ime has abadoe (he pojet of a ciique of

polcal coomy and h constu a isasrous unof even Because if s e ha economism hs e

t hoic oucom. nevehe� he abence of a c·

ue of y's cnomy pep oThr hoorsan

a he ame me lves he comng generaion rly

unpepad As fo his phosophial acaon n el·on o ecnomcswhch chaacze the of

so many an whch amouns o a enuciao of he

amp o hik hei me d wch i a uch a co

elae of e euncaon y polc of h noo of

tgng agais a ae of hg whh uneehe awhis abiaow bough abou by a cean

io o cue. o rae y a nonaon uch

a ld o a onaon o cuen conomc

oen msed y an oesive eaon o philosophica

txS devod o he oomi of the paNow his nonaon which h come a occlu

on f no nee an ough enal ws no pouce

n lage pa y he snm prm ha ed ance

nusials [echnoa an polcans o imerio-

1 8



Pamcolo of the ptaria

i in JiNo1I i giv. wlumS thr i

" Ibk : th wi. inviably. reahthe lm. and it wll he bcome c y o sum

ths lms o a crque, in e K:tia sen of is

word. The poes f orm wat used [0 � caled" i e

o s ideolo is �ginning o epar, this me

fuch: it s egnning to apper o what s thaks toa ve rta reaon o hese imis And ye, weced wi suc quesions phlosopy mas amost

entiey mt CTo nk and to rtque polital onomy as co·

at h beome xcug nder he condiionso an nduSr soey-ha is hat has smited 10 a

oo/bor. ( a olzo o e pocsof podtion nd onmption to a retcio

o oc rlt on, and sch that thy an no

oge b esaged wiout mea cooqures aimg at the examiaon o bo ecoomcd poitic d spng aout them inso h areble5

A r the potl dsose o Fenh plosophers,

y say prcly nothing abou eonom eya o mmgrion o Euo o o dmy buty do ot sak o pta, no abr no indt ormar ng. A f or those wo do spk piloopically about wk ad labor -and here arc a f ewhey a e

19



FOR" NEW CRITIQUE

oh inreing nd importat. ut hy n nl

no philosph: thy 3 oioloi o onomi vn compu n

7� qu�ston of work

Fd wih i i poduiy gn du o mtion n diilization n wih th unmplymn

[0 whih h g mj db k pl t

[h nd f h wnh n on th pili nd

nity o hr wk It w in thi ox[ th in

, th gmnt Lionl pin und h

uthory o Minstr of Socia A ir Mae Au

ped lw lming th wking w t thiy-ho

Tis lw w npid y eh ulhd n 1995.

ot y Jry Rin in th Unitd Stt (th htnlion hi wor w pred y Mihl Rod)6nd y Domiiq Md in n? innd in

n y t h f n Co n tlr h

wk Mtamorp"s�s du avail: Ctiq d� I in

cofomiqu�.8 M ny r h in o Jqhi in 202, uin w id i th t pl

y h Mini of ltu nJq Aillgn utth r f ndi {h nh nmymn w

20



Pharmacolog oft� peia

ageny). and abot the laws etemining the con

os ne whch occaso a casu wokes n theheatre an cinema [intrifs d sp�c C/�l col

q fo nemployment enets Tis i u le

Antoella Cosan an Mai7io Laaato aga to

address the question of work.')

Dig ths same peo. new wok pactces appeaen the wake o gtal a etcae echnologies. with

esect to whch nnovave iscoses eveope in

Fance an elsewhee. iscoses whh invite s to

ev the enition o wok in its elation to wha I

esce a a p nmlkJ-

an as an hyomnsc phar-mkon, that is, as a teclg f tu spirit whch

rio, can JUSt s wl l o [e prolr-

zton of he e of he n t cn s tc

ntnscaon when t ns tsel coonte wth wht

cKee Wak calls "asacionIO Tese new wokpacices have ught pofonly to qestion the

way whch wo s stue n the pctvis an

consmes nus epohs qestons whch have

eenly een se y he joun Mulds, an

y the ieto of ths onl Yann ole-Boangopenng he qestion o an eoomy o onitio

an envgoatng the qeston o popey

t w in ths coxt that an impoan poposalesce o R to zzaato a poposal st

21



FOR A NEW CITQU

suggsd by Mihan Frd. nd one mt wen

rcus durng glob ss, dos so w rnwdfo: d o pleenng negve x llowng

uno o on-slrd work Corsn d

Lz ro sow bns ge

n plc o nc oso nd sul rl

nd cnc wos s s o jus sc ngv

on ys

Bu w s poposo js s w ll os

nw wo pccs nvnd by os wo P

H11 nd MKn Wr cll "s

quson o Uork m� o/id� of employmt s posd

w nwd vgour vng bn Oly gnod by

me lw dcg wg w ryv ors

JUS s god uson o e onsus

ndsl odl odl wt w poducon nd

conspon cosue nconl oposon bu

on s now bo obsol

Tody s w dgo gobl ono css o

unusu voln on ss o onsu nd

o long ycl s on dsl d conoc l}

c w p posng qson o wo s

s? Dos sup o consus odl

s n pc o pooundly r sk nd

vn [ dnon o wor gvn r ws

snlly convd ov pdng cny n

22



PbmO/o oft/upretiat

accornce wih n iustri mode resting on the ou-

ping of rocton n onsumto, ive tht itis recisey is con ir tht now seems to he

ehuste ie14 Tis is recise te questio rse b

e reserh of Corsi Lzzrto consiere rom

e stnoit of the current risis o its etructive

s o the casi forms o work.

J 908-2008: e ,e.dentil ofthe rate ofprot nd the conumerst esoe

he sril citis o he rouciis nineeeh

cnur, foud o m sta engie o the

on r of iwy eworks gies wy in the en

eth ceu to onsuerist moe oue on

he stee iustr the etrochemic instry onro neworks Oe unre f yes er he

ontruon o a Chqu� ofolc Econoy, howee

the roctis onsumeris iustri moe

hi become gob hs in ct d5ngrad ad as

n 50 to the reise extent tht it hs onsiste in eeconom n ctio inertio of rouctio n

onsumption

If i 1908, with the unch o the Moe T, Hey

Fo inete ew ustri moe whh ere

23



FOR A NEW CRITQUE

(Q coun h of h ndncy of h a of

po

l5 vhs i h cou of 20 hFod Moo Comay maagd [0 os quars of

ts vawh at h am m h road works ofcarbo·tm d moby fondd o h comio

of hydocbos bg acd by dga {ok

of gh-m nd h dom of a coomy of hhyma�aI16 T q/'os hv d dad

aays n Pourflir flt( mirhIfnct.17

I i n hs onx of ghHm (domad by he of aS o o \ok an of dga

umn) ht Jmy R oos oownghyh:

Peap le a 5 percent of th adul populto w

be mae n opere the radiional indml

s by y 2050.18

Wy is t ha i ad ots who c o h qus

tio of work i o ayz t atio b wha

hy a th "d of work and h tdia th

a of o and why s hat, a 98 ad abova af h 980s ha i. af convav vo

on w o futy pomd ha Max wa

msakn whn h fomuad hs hsi?

Ma and Egs dd ha caim o wha

24



Pb"rmcol ftb�pr / �ari nt

one calls he arket ecoomy would rpidly reach

m as he ole of labor-hat is vaabe capitaldmiishes de £0 prodcivity ns achieved i he

gobal coomy of producto. Now, ho concernd

in e 190s with the questio of wor agrd hat

produciiy ins wod nvtaby lead o a "end of

wok bu seemed so ( share the dea wdey held ihe wae of he "consv:v revouon and he deo

logal domaton of nolbealsm, that he capalst

dyamic had wrom he edential fal i he ae of

po

othng could b mo False and Ma was n faCtfa from msaken Te ecen css s v smpl a

cosnC f hs Juic tedey ax old o

howeer, have ancpaed l roe of [he xploatio

ad cioaztio of a n!W . whch s no he

enegy of e proetaranzed producer (labor prelabor o) or he mOor ener of a new idstal

apparas (sch a oi ad ecric, whch are pacd

o he sic of {he s dusy ad he cuture

dsis} bu rather the ener of he pktarinud

-a is, he consm's libidinl ne heexpoitatio of whch chags the bdna �onom and

wth the economy m who/, o the pont where he

former s dsroyed JUSt ie the latter, and the former he laer

25



FOR A NEW CTQU

In othe wods, Max w unable iipe the

way in whh he queion of consmpon ais in theweerh ey. and [he way n whh h ansfoms

the lndscpe whih Ma te r descibe in (pital

Ma dd, of o addess he sse of consmpon

and he did so fqntly onside fo example, the

ollowing asage fom Contibuo /0 tu rtq ofPolt(/ Eoomy (1859):

Consumpio i imuleouy o pdcion. jS!

i re h prdio o n vov$ he cop

ion of nl r d mi meia [ .

1 B i y r Ud onumion wi

[ J ibt t thed ma.

Nve� oi noy i u-

n tha i idi wi onmpon i cond h�

n r t dtrio o [e dc I y o di (he es an obe

ive ae, i eod y ob c by i

et'

n eseilly:

Hunge i e; b ra is ied b

ookd e ate h ok nd i d rm u

a devor aw m I J Podio pod

26



Plaraco/ i of� p/J

nOI oly he objec of cosumpio U 31o ode f

outon.t

Marx hee dei I a ean way he queio

of io1 of(olump olwhch oe he uo

of wha I will dribe wha follow a poss of

"id; Muao.Ad ye hi qo o coumpio will o

ebe hm 0 hi he nU m ofpoZ iocotig i he gaizaio of (01lmpol I Ib�

dti ofSor· th am ofWg i

a plhn por, heeby enng d renocighat yte whih eed o he ctio ofSIO;"

i wit th aim 4rati avaib bo. dXS

o eable hi i oe wod o atiiate what,

i he wenith ctuy i e fom o he cpili

bn ecoomy, wl mke obe the ofblao V1I of oj lI 1i itmi ofp

T i the ey uestio od by Guy Debo

who exed the one of oletizon

a the exporao o ha ie bmie o

commodiytme-to he gue o he conum 21

Dbod wa uable. howeve o onec h chagei he capli ye o he pmcoo sio

o the eXleior7 t on echnque dc( bew

27



F O R A NEW CI1 QU

is only possible to come to grps wth [hs qeson

by way of Fred and he uses whih markeing madeo is eory o e unconscous-n pcula ho

nsigated by hs nephew. dward nays. who played

n ssen ole n the hio of Amean captals

as shown by dam Cts n his 002 documenay

7" Cmtry ofti, S'/ Beoe renng o this po!which as ben erly nlected by ho ed

wi e queston o wk n spe o the 1 that

poducism and onsmeism a nsepab-we

mut rst poeed mo pofoundly o th queston

of rhe sence o that poss of poletaranztonog wc accoding o Max and Engs, labor

undeos dical change, but a proess whch s also in

my opnon h condton of possiblt of onsmer

im inso as s eas the poleiana£o o me

consumerNow a surpisn t may seem t is necessY a

his po o eun o the vey orgn o phlosophy

and to it suggle agains sophisty in ode o propose

ha rhe rst thnke o he proeaia who thinks the

poetarat wthout knowng tha e does s, I maypu t is way bu wo heeby gas liS he possibliy

of inking te proetart, s Plato

8



Pharmc t olh 'o/�lal

lto and the protariat

Jcques Deida. in "PO's hmy, deveoped

lge p o hs pojc of the deonstucton ofmepyscs on I bss o edg o Ph�drs, by

showng ow ths diog opposes plosophicl aam-

(tht s rhe emembnce o the tuh o beng) sophstc h J o1l�sis ( . to mnmorechncs, nd in ptcul t wtng s bcto of lluson nd chnqe o rhe mnputon f mnds), nd

b g It mpsbcdg lO w

Dd descib Of Gmuoo a l o gi of thIsppeme whch is the tce-o oppoJ e ntio

( nd he exeo hypomni): t s mpossibe to oppose vng mmoy to the ta memor o

the hmn� mat ol, wi e nl Foca w nd

so teeSng nd whic COltitum lng memoy sleed [V Ths impossbl opens the phrm-

o qmiol, ccoding o whch e hponsic is pho t once poson nd emedy

Now, wt S descbes P h �d s, nmely

the Uzl; of i a ss of moand o, hs tod become the stu o eeydy

epeence n spects o o x nd, mo ndmoe oten, n the eelng o o poweessness [impi-

, not o ou impo mpotence, ndeed o

29



!OR A NEW CRITQUE

o obo/nmc-ar h vy moment when he extr-

orinay ","�{powfgta newors a us waef te ensiy o hmn meoy whih apes o

ave bo nntely eoveabe n aessbleTe spr of inustial hpmns paUses

causes our memois m pss nto machines, in such

way that. o exale w no longe know the teleponenumbes o hose ose to swle [e sea o sel

checkes c:ses fear o th end o orbb COIJcOS-

It and o the lite hyponsic nowleg (t goes

wih t an. mb Ib. te anamnsic knowege If

lngagNow rh mHs to rh vydy nd prptibl

spc of wa I wo lik t p em e as a vast

roess ofc;wInd amiwpbirnuton-ad

vast rocess of the loss of knoweges) aurr�.

or-uur teoetical knowledge (uor hio lIb�bsmct fhch n Jvor s 10S.

Wen uorwtiol whi lays a jo oe n Tb�

Gll an whic s te or o e tecn-

al qestion ha s h uston of this proton

of sl by sef in whih the hn conssts reches testage whe e eeoizion of memo an knowl-

ege beos hyrinsra. thn it s at one what

Xens wit limit the power o hJPml1�c m�s,

n wht llows he to e onolld-comolld by

30



Phacolo O/I p(ria

he i and tuL jnd! of cool soce·

e whch now fomai� neuhemic activi anduceode seences, a which hereb inscib he

eoologca bsaes of eo and kowledge

io he ho of wha oe mus anae a a pew of

gamao (ha of discrei7 tion ad as sch

of abacio from a coium) a hiso he mosece age of whch ha of ochologes a he

"t age of which ochnooges Hece rise

he qeo f a opolical pycholiicl cio<

lica a echolicl sl ecno a in

he al aas of a noopota idl ecoy ofem

I is wih he aden of mnochi ha he

oces f eeao qua echca becog

ee ecomes a hio of gaaiaion e

o of gammaaio is he al o of

mmoy, in which homneic emo coninual

eouce he coTUo of a ton wh aam

neic memo is anaesic eso is eioie i

e fo of wos of he d [o of he ii pJ.

hogh whch eochs of pchoocal ndvduaon d

dddto ae hamacoogil conged

Gaa{in i he oce hgh which he

Aows ad coe whch wave ou exnce ae

ded: wg. as he dscezaio f he ow of31



fOR NEW CITQU

eh i a � o grammazaon. A mmaiz-

io occ wn a oranology e qeo of wc nrouce n AIti-O�dpS:

T pr imit ve terrOal ache odes o. in'

or ad mak bod. [. . .J IJhe ma who enjoy

th fu exeie o hs rih a de h hs wholody ma ked ud a eg me ht o hs oa and

ther exers 1 e cevy [ . . For a f ounding

ac-ha he gan hc ew no he su. ad h

he Row n OV(T sucethugh wh ma a

o be a boC31 gan a hecomes a dy aarh, o whch n ee aahed whe e hy

a aad pd mld foow e eqe-

m o a ou Nzh ay: t a ma of rng

a memoy r m; and n, wo onrmred by

me oan acve ly o fore (oubl, by mano a represion o log mmo m reate an o

mmoy o h ollct ve [.. J. Pap d

ee wa nOlhng moef and Cy in ,

pr hiSo o mn ha hi mml«IJiC.13

Now, wih h drial evoui he poe of

ammaizai oig [h hiso o mnemoeh

; slfddmSpn t sphr� oflnguag. that i alo

he sphee of lgos. with whic it i ped by Deleze

32



PlnooK f,hI pl,ri

ad Guanri i a il d orgial ato:14

he poess of gmmazao ivess bodies. Ad i thes pae, dis he gtslr o pdus wth

(he aim of makig ossie e aurom(ic "pt

tilwhie a [he ve same momet her aso aahos mahi ad apparauss fo eproduig he

vsble ad he adie a so ugh he acio fWaer Bejami mahies ad apaUCS whih

gmmaied peepio ad hough ha he aeiv

aiy of he eus syem

e gammai3o o gur whih wa he bais o

wha Mar desbed a leaiai7tio tha is � lss0/ svoir-,rt � he purued wth th lopet o

eoi d dgt dis he p ha a oms

o kowldge beome gammazed via ogiie ad

utul memhologie Ths wil de e way

i whh lgs kowedge boes he hologisd idusi of aumaed aguage poessg u I

wl so ilude uir-viv. hat s ehavo geer

fom e polig o e gmmazto of a-l

of whih wl lead owad he "ogiive ad ulua

pitasm o he hypeidura sr;(t eoomi

ammazi is (he hiso o he exerioia

io of emo i all s os evous ad eebal

memoy orpoea ad musua memo, ogeei

mem Whe tehoogiall xeioried emor

33



FOR A NW CRtTiQUE

cn become he object of ocooli n bopoiica

con hough the conomc invemes of ociorgnzon, whch Ihereby In"nfg� ph;c orn·

UlOS hough the emedy of mnemoechnc

ogn mong which m COUntd mchne·oo

(Am Smih n'y 1776 the c of he

mchne on he mn of he woke) n uomtincung hoeho ince,a we he "inree

of hing n he commnicing eic h wo

oo in he heinur mke n whch e

hypmfltJ;c obj(CJ hogh which wh Sco Lh n

ei L he eie t!;ngcatio1S e newn.1

Ti i wh he hnkng of gmmiton o

gtml aoo, h i teo o h tc

on of boi orgn bin hn, eye ouc, tongue

gnit ogn r nro-egete em etc)c ogn oo nrume n echn

o of gmmzton n oc orgn hmn

gong uch ami cn o hncie, o

c niton n oce bun econom

ogniion enon ogniion n oytem n gnr ge of he exe o which

he r o nO eeiorze n wheher hy

riicngc egou oc c onomi

e27

34



Pb1ColoD of t� puariat

If in toe hydusal er we rpen the que

in p� in PI�ds ccerg the hypmesbject. ad if we d s m the sadp hs kind

f geea gan (uding a poitica oanoloDan "nomie ool ad an a� oaolo) we dcve ha [he Platc qe hypms

cs the F ver a thinkig pletaatin is a it is te at the pretariat a themi actrs wh ae wh knwedge uehey a withou memo: hir memory ha pad

he mahe hat eprdc gse ht h ple

aia longer ed (0 knw - they mut smpy evehe epd mahe ad h ce aga, hey

becme eEamining te ques techial mem dy

meas r�opg t� qtion of Jpom�! ot (ytt qon of th� pro/�taja, bU a pcss gmmatzi i whh it is om� who ar�h«rh d of m/T ad ow�dg� h�c� nd nd th�ir ppaNS�. We shal ee hw

pdu shrtiuits in the anidiiduatip Eg the si ehnial memytday meas veig the Ste grad pro-aiantion dued by he spe:d f hypmeshges

Te rh Pla wld h befund

Max bUl

35



FOR A NEW CRI1'IQU£

ony on the c ondiion :u wO spplmn2 conclu·

sons dwn:

Ma hms fil s o think (h hypomns hct

of tehni humn exste whih ns

or h 'c h he is unabl hink hmn ife 3

(-scnc d nce o t ct , ik PHO. he

nns opo te dd n h iving.

• 1e iHug/mIl sgl oshy ins

sohisi ron Is qstion of mmo nd is

ehniizin is Ih hert ii strg-

gl whih phisphy wa m th y bginning.

H th reevaion of the p o hypomni

in O, awl as he deson o he oni

on of hpomss which Dri ropo:d,

ms onse he basis of renwed oj of

critiq of iic ecm by hoophy,

riiq hI w r�dmiN b«m c slnu.

an n whch is pos e Ih�ol qsion of a

oganolo a phrmcog nd peic-i i s

tho e q s ion sothepy,18 whh is

wht political conomy is and of which ammatiza-

ion is he nmic roc ess

36



P nmc%Dofh� pi

PtrniZton t loss ofknO/d g �

T� pltaria w ad in Gilt Sm, is a dsin·

d u �d wker. a lbr wh knowldge as pased

i [h ma su a way tat i[ is lg twr w is idiiatd tgh arig ools a

pung tcm r pti. Rath. t labo st mah-tl ad s t latt ta as m t

ehi iivdai t ss Iha s wit t

ma·ool, and whn echnal ym (0 w

lg a an ndvdutn s d Ts h·

i ivda s ad t md a possf nrt7'i throuh w ym dtal

js m� aly rgatd ad hy

asma ds s mli. T

prltaazd labo w, s Ltally xdd

fm is afmafm i, O Q wt it S a aboer s no o·individuatd Hds xi

Tis dsiati is i ly a p i (h li,·

dvu/ br whch cntiul (ht br t1I;mtl.

a it all m/i mil, giv a w s yQ uc symbol ml t mli f assad

w ws hgh t wrk, an xp i w y C!s mli volv-hei

ls ampl, t way w ty a s nOI

37



FOR A NEW C R IT QUE

to mon oco� te poducts o f the.heopm

li 10imtl hs mlieu of whih thy te woes(olrm!. Proetrianon s tat which excu ths

pacpaion of the poducer fom the volton o t

conditon of producton. nd thog whi e wors

n othe wod potaianztion s a r o

losing knowedge-tt s. so. 3 loss o savor anof xistnc-whic i engnded y grammtizaion

insoFr 3S it shorcicit the oces of tansind·

idtio thogh whic by coming indutd

through work tht is thogh ling something e

worker indiidt the miliu of ter wok It is jstuch a shoccit which constitts t ks o [h1

lo of knowledge by which Mx n Enge n

oetaanzaton n the Cmunist Mafro of 1848:

Te ess te ski d !eian of sngh mpl nnu bor. in oter wos. h o ode ndsy

bo� vop, th o i th bor o n up-

sded by th oon Dnof dhe no

onge n) dsincve soc vidit (o the wokng c1:

A inst unt oJb. o o pnv tu, cod ng to t g nd s29

'Ts xpns is wht Mx nd ngl cl lbo power.

whch i. tn, no longer a nowledge b bcome

38



Pharmacl oth� p/tara

istead a comody. From a bea of [Ools ad a pa

iioe o insmns he woke ha hmse bomea oo ad 3 stume he ie o a ol-eang

mah No, as w pisey idd by Ma ad

Enges hs s oall podues ad ot oy o

woks:

e lower sta of the midle as-te a tres

ppe. keper n " tremen gene) e

dume pca1Is-ll t5 rJy

t polcrt [ . J. T e prletar31 i ri r

al lss t ltiI

Cny (h MniflO s in h Cmribuliof h

Grnd ad Cpil. he poetaat s aways

pSed as beg ompsed pesey o he okg

lass Bt that ths is so s du o a sa o histoac te o a acbair sta� ah i sns o

h em) o h deopm o apasm ad ds

y tba , ofgmmatizo. ad whih is desd

o eov appecably y bigig io h pocs

o poeaaizaon al hose whoe knowledge isabsoed by hypmei pos osig not oyin mhns t i appaate xpt sysms sv

ics nWok ad ehoog ojes ad ystmso l kind

39



FOR A NW CRITQUE

Po/taranjZ tion and pharmacolg

� prleaa is nOI he woking cs. A of Maxim

has minrpre Ma in confung he wo A ypca

case can be fon for xamp in Jacqu Rae'7� Nig Lb : Wrk' Dr in 19" Cl

Fc} B 0 h oth han, : abov al gammaizion y aowng he haneing IpwiolJ of

he aenion of conumes an hogh ha h har

nesing of hei ibidina nr mae aly posi

hei poeaiai7io, by oing hir Svoir-,

an no only hei i i proanizaono onumer i ha ma iT pblby opning p

ma marke nabling rsiac agan h {nn

a l of he ra of pro-o con� buy or

pon conume o acco hem m hn ply he

renwal of hei b or o nmenay a wkn Mxi eoy of la ge

prlm i ha h rls ha ha y nec

een resbe o poearianie poces who

hae ecome conume e oar e n o he

weneh cn o he eruion of hei libiinal negy an 1 ir compoon no iehe

es o ha Hbe ac e "eimaion

We u hrfor engag n a c of iina

conomy ( IfW q fta olomy ;s 1tSlr,

40



Pbaaco oftb� po/�ri

nd i U o coiu a pbamacoloa iq o

lial �Frda theo wil oy alow h qtions to e

adaned o the Xtn at h, oo, s onfronted wth

th ueto of th paon that is he fsh ad

with th uesto of gammaizatio sch a it trs-

orms ftishimwhich tak lac though a aalssof h ole of o la32 i the histo of desire

ad sulimatio, the trasiioal bject eig a id

of proo ad potofetsh,JJ whie on-

mpoy homnesi oets a b Po twff tha

heeorth ik etworks together.1he poletariaizati e osm is oh of

ldal eom ad a ruil t of te n e

of olil eoom s to onstut a g of this

ecoom whih i a phaacoo h gs of whh

i doab fom orgaooca bomng adgammao Now, his phmaoo a he

qtio of Tsdivdion inso t n podc

g rit oindiid'Ho"o�l hoci, hais, diio.

What lato Ilamcis is hee fonded o adaletc a hs is a da-Io! throgh

whh iteroto hat is, i a "dialogism� that Ia uded i Bakht's sese of the emJ4 logciui of sindivduaton ae formed, whch tend

41



FOR A NEW CRTIQUE

to be sho-cued y the poionos se to whch lhe

sophss pt h tera paaon.More geey. f [he gammto o percepto

ad ohe evou semr s the st o h

at ad (0 th poazo o ome,

th s deso Ihe saorr�, a w a he savo

whh th'e of vg c poce hs eed ecoom gee cottes ct o de

wh poss o advdto through whch

da e s fomd d ccumted ths

a oces whch gmm:1o m ethe

• cee og cct h C/l ba

l ltSg ndu, ad g OjCL

o dere to the dvdu [ha h o he

dvduao (Smodo shows ht dvdato

suuy uahve 2d lh sn e)

se hs oectsC o e gveI te ad

commeb; o

povoke sho- ht s ddvduao. d

oseqt dao h he co"m'J-

bj;OIl ofnlrMug, edg o h duo

o da egy

Gmmt7to s di phamooga ad

bypomla ca heoe eher

42



Pb ln c%D oftb,p/tn'(u

• proletaranz t /" whch it acs; o

•

inivuae hs PJ by nscibn ihn heIW ciut o nsindivaon tha connec upand throuh hich long cruis a ormed ed 10

wha a appehene as an namN-wic s a

cuit gng acces to a tuth foundd on he poj·

on o an a ha s. o a consstence: o an oectwhch oes nt exs bause t os no hve an

ouaton n the subsstence wi consttute the

orer o the cmmensuable. ut wic s " w

oj« odnir imolrI it oss i:o

I s hs pe o cut grunng a mrce

h hot pl. tuh a mrke on whh

nothng emns ep ommensabiies (o

eape, ao powe witout larjT, omng a

bung poe without Sv�vhJ)-is s a ma o p] Fo n he na analyss this make s nota mae And hs is so1eing hich Socaes aea

noted Cona Gogas

Neveh an econom o baak s a hepe

ic tha do no es n a hpoasis opposng poisonan emed he econom o thepbaa i s a copo.o of tenences an not a aletca strule between

0ppJ5 Te oncete epresson o ths copostoncons n argmen o the th \s o geneal

43



FOi A NEW ClITIQUE

oanolo. such thaI hs consir a Iltn ofr

dividua on at th pharmcologil lv (tchnicadiuao) sdciy nnsies h vdua·on of oth wo s (sychc ndiuao acocinduaon

O thohe ha ; diJ�rolmy o pbnn iswhat lt m h apnof any nwphrmkol

a shoius h oh (O vls-ahs s oing oa wih Ih chogs o "socanwokin,J7 o whih no olica nmy and oss o ae i ib y :y lc h; o,aan it what s e o h syagnsis o th innil l rgn whn h adiovishCi th U1itional je h inlsch

aaatus bg hy aazJ8

4



fQUI

To work

Te proltarianiztion ofhe nervous stm.i tupidi, and new commere

Te mo the plac o poduer hrnk. he moe mu

make and te num o onumer e nlaged.

aomaion ceaeely widenng te ed of proltaan7aon wile dmnhng th roe o labor-th

, of a'l aptal Tading h isf ee auto-

mated Engnees ave emeles «n poleaanized

Te engnee wo conceved. deelo�d, nstalled.

and managed a yem disappered oda teeae "procese, wee mo and more !Omlnaf

nerven o soccut pychic ndvidual at ee

leve

Wthn te proee is te laor pow o the

nevo sem ta is eing ee moe poetaiand and th polui f Ih� l(rJ rm a no

ls depried o knowledge han ae th prolin of

,hr ucu Ssm. e nowledge o wic e ave

been tpped owee. no o Jwoirir. t

45







fOR A N EW CR IT IQUE

dlogica il. gnin uon of g3mmion

h occud; digial culaon. wb cognivcvii hmv proainizd coniu rpur tough which assoriaud mili�u fodhaI . iiu of ndvduaon unnng cou 10 poc of docaon nd dndivduaon n whchpolan7aon coni

I i witin h cutd il tt wt Pkka

Him:n cl "hck ic5 could ap. nd

could opn h d a nw uggl a tlg/� f

abtc oppong h c of ck o ho h

McKn W call h vcoal6 mann an

Wak how-fom a noWban vewpon o hfo nd poMxi nd Saon on foh l-a h dgal phamkon. whh mak

pobl p�olaanzion of nous stm

i ao w ntou t poblty of new egi

of pychc nd colcv ndvduon and. wi t, poily of nw proc of nndida

ion opnng OnO n npnd polcoconom

pptv n cono of conrbuon

f diociion fom oci n nin

dvduon mad pobl b h.phaao gngfom po of gtizion in wic in h

poch of cul caplm cognv hnolo

and dgtald cuul cholog a fomd hn

48



To work

the formo of soiud SoOl/mi ii s

he ltetve to (hs posonous ecoig o grmmdo. Suh lttve pruppos' howev eable vouro o he omnt utl mohch m shot o ovhrw Ir1tm/l o

ptsm, ut h wou e be to o

capalsmTe quston o ssocto ssoto s lso

the queston o the orto o h:\I n oomcsre le "exteles Whe Y Moulr-Bougke up the me�phor o polo h;t he s

esrbng s t to the orto o gtl retc

lto cottuts utto n the proess o

gmto egers PSifi pnJUo-

cat ssoce sococh eu

hh st re wg gst the df o tespa o ote mle tht s poerze

m1eus tose engeerng o he co e speo egve exerles phmcoogcal oxct s geelz evromel strco ect

g o oly the tu geophsl evromet

u qually he mea pschosoca meus a

wl.

ssote socoehnologl le lows

struggls to e wge gst Ihl'c evometl

estructos ought ou he cOl

49



fOR I NEW CRITQUE

opens a eld of industra and commercial rlaons

whch nules te podcer/consume opposton. andwic a such beak psy with te desction of

commerce y the maket: it constes a lU comm�,

tat s a nw regime of psycc and colcive nddua·

ton producng ong circs of tansndiduaton-he

conibos are oe wo coibue to tis creation ofong cict

Tis mieu s neverthes capae of mpemeing

ogc of doconnd t why dil/og;/9 nd

( fcb Ihmfp�ti Juglrs mu be wged t t

pbarmnko of acon whc amons to a matter oftng ce o the new commece

e asscated mlieu wich s fomd n dgitJ

eticaton is spc of poste exten

y tehnoogCa ndtra emen m e mos

recent stage of gammazrion cgnte and ymbc

tat s oing to to ts 1Jt dimenson, us

it cnis a dlogca relatona space in whch Pt(hopolr an e trown ove to become OOpO/e. o

n whch he panKO can be pu ino the sece of

an ecnomy of contibuton that s of a pycosoca

the�Uicgiven tat to eonomze mean efore

anythng ese 0 ae careIO domstcay s we as

politicaly

50



T /ork

Odum and postve extealie: ermence

Withn rhe sociated ociecnical mieu. h unc·

iona oppoion beween prodction and conmpon

a become oboee an exernaie m be eco

nomicay mivaud and vaorzed, even thogh ke

vae Iheycannol

be rdced[0

he caaby of heeono icator of mare econoy: hey require

a new concepon of ecnomi vaue. an of r·

mlt. c ha i nO reube r ca/etmion. 1i

clrt n we as a coa enoy

wic reuire new maizaton mecan, nw

rm ofgonen pw and new objec f pb

prope

n h rea wo wo b Marzo Lazzarato

n whch e anayz e sae of the e waged by

he n�rent perforn a worer [nuis

il o nain her a (whch ad in Jne

2003 ben aed o ton by he Fnc govern

e who were prered to o s by epoyes) havean mpoance exendng byon e o te arric proon oowng e pubicaton of a uvey

condce n coaboron wh th "Coorinaion

de ermie et Prair" Aonla Coni nMaurizo Lzzararo str:

51



fOR A NEW CRITQUE

. . the sruggle gain Ie efm f e md

unempymn bnes s n ay sru whs'aks arc tho o he u of me T he njun

n e aou o m spn n mplmcn [

s he empr' pcsipto mOvn alg to

qsto o te StaU o :mncj, Ihal i, th me

o ns pe mp)� n e b expeene

f em:· ope he pmBr o empe

es1

'(be ueo of e spn okng nno edued,

n othe ods 10 the qson o n eloyment.

nd

• . spk sr abUi eag dg t

spt wog s t3ki it 3COnt t tm o

tsVios mps L!

Te Fenc Ja =dng t e worg w::k [Q tiy

v hor compleey ignores h qustion. Oe su!

of h a a inr� n he e devotd to n·

supon s Rn undlnd s ly 20061-bu

e s no nca in e aoum of e Spwoking n ohe ways. ys lyng otsde the sop o

eploynt e hese othe eort. eyond the

o eplyn bong wth h ral of wha e

52



To work

Romas uliatd as otil, a word whih Jan·MaiAde. i hs aayss of o dig h oth Spos, asla : "sudo 'rT.I<

Otim which gd o Roa l adoigiad om a ilia cox ad whh [hm o st h ob asc o h m of hmaaivi-whh i Micrau 1 djt I ha ido show s h l ofnotir n'C5- h o·dion o ossiili of 1 ha is loH I[ s a h sol ca oy b aal ormtUIf pods, ad is h s s oittdas a "igoii haig os I h

i h oay lik a snii o a gisoul {h h "" (h oaioal wos iha l ad liso) aslsly osa wo h o had h ala om o hioi kowldg hs owldg h ig m

ad a s goi ad o h oh hadh aa dvo of hs owg Ad ishs o ha h do o oh i h a ad oaaz.a s suaz o o o h l

dui t o h assag o h oic ac is hat o

whih dos O al m idl im y dsa h im o ls ha s o dom ad o

53



F O R A N E W C I T Q U E

"ca o sf Ot;lI1I, rom an conomc perpecive

nsed n 3 geneal onom (in [he sns n wichGeoges Baal dpos Ihs tr)fo whih i wold

b an p td to 3 paticar deopent o "ypo-

l�mnt, ha s, an epo ogaatztion. sppong

thnqe of he s(as sown by Focau}and o a

polii31 conoy ncrbd wthn a ibidinal conomy

ncop:SSng , constits an �xumnlr opning J

spnct mJfla iTfr ns il Ipof' o pch

d coui idiiUio i wh lng es o f

msididio arud. Ng-tm, o t ot

and consts n econo wc s lZb

v a ae/Irg the possbly w tscf sts

ro hyomm) of wat is clcabe fo a bsness-

man an ngotab on a re, sene of masu

(I Irt, tha s msr, modetion o empo; n

Gek, o", at is aso rv ad hhm) ing

rced 10 ths calcaionWha Coani and aao decrbe a te on

jncio o plont hat s of h abor

inrnazed b te poye and wok t as tch-

n f th sO aont to h economy o �i

and ol i n, inso hes can b gapd as t to w mondon calls a ansdcv aons.

accordng wic he ems ae consitted to

thr ;didig i.

54



T work

'b way i whic w ov trminH wokes pd

ig d m olg u ( a !h iy logc

ooig mlom a mlom, Ih c\ a

h civ olg o qo C�or

of ·wM Ciy s c rg io o

o-ll mlom o, ag ig h OUM o

os soll ii. ig l m g

he im s o raig a o, rgh 10 ho wic i m im o s :1 is

co o hc c o w sic wi i

o a li o acji rogo5

moi 16

anlys w i is nor sucent to os re

stio o wok i s h w hiole

n 1905, wn h ly of hoi unploy

m d (Rction on stutu cosq

of odciviy ns Byo te t i :

m of cg i itl o chg

whic wod so cosU t w of n o nw

conpion o wok, w st O b conf wt

mloymnt. d wic, onumt ol ls

p u t ntio of w socil toaliy .n; Lto hs hown s t qson ow Raben Cstl ls c popy 1

Wt t s t ut n ntely w tm



FOR I N E W C R I T I Q U E

is '[e quetion of a negative tax sc as was p·

posed by Jeemy Rkin-ad (he raken p Miche

RordIS_n oder to supOt te deveopme o

a social secto," a eto dend as ng non�o

nomic n as it is omaer. Now, Ibs i lot

ni n qUNiOI/ of brilgg tu uOomy to md. t

of tnkng an olb�r conomy ad of ovecoming

a consumesm wtn wc te pcasng powepoduced y employment in fCI destys wok and

ms of kowedge i te e o te geneazed

poetaaiaton of poduces as we as consms

Te aw n's pposa lies i ct tat

s cnsdatio of te enom c o noncde te eston o otim o of knowdge i a

ts oms n e oe nd noton of a negtve

a a mutaid sort o the development o

positive xtenaits and tog te dveopmen o

a nw rm o sia ey nds graingo emoymen bndu to mi woes in

e pemng at a mode wc is aiclry wel

adaped to he change wc is ceny ndeay:

s s made ea y edng te wok o Con ad

Laaro Bt it annot a matte o imitig su

poos mey to te spees of at cte and c

tve woke t s e sa and eonomc industa

mode as a tota tat must e etogt

56



To work

DesolirZtion and nv ealti

T ronstrucon o pos\'e arn d Ie

sppO of work prs mmng from olh" t

s rom noe ntemine) s t n«ssy onon

or Ie onstuon of long ui of tnn

vuton. w r thmslv h only posity

o rng gns h spre of ngv Xrn

e T ent of th sprd o ncgtive ternliies

s now ng dovrd y ,e wod s onsme

ism lls ap:m n vironn dsqulu

ome pny obssson Amon I ms of

dulrium mst Jud t drulive

Cs t h dop of so:rmsmxrd

pon vr socy y mrng-brngs to br on

te pul sphere (on polt pe nd tm a wel

a on prvt sphee eng to pur nd mple

iquition of soda�01. s n {h o I on n en Belgum

for empl we h Femh elue rom pu

houing nyon who no spk Duow

s�otus n trnsnvon ve destoyed Ihe

ndviduon of rern pmittng tO lngust

psyoso nvduon pree ro ref to e sm

poe o poltl nd trrtol ndvduton o as

o olee wn on nton e unous t f

57



fO R A NEW CR ITIQ UE

issocation n of uch shocicu whch e he

invese of wht ous in ssocted mleus an esen in te politioinguistc opposition be\n the

emis an the Waloons

In1d of te nvuion of eferene te global

cuture dust hve subttuted the ehavorl

pesciptons of maketing whch liqMu soidrtin:

sty n the teritral spae of oempoane: te

Flemh whdrw ther ldry rm he Belg

Walls Idg te detruo of the otcl

spce;

• ecodl. the geeol me o ntmo

ane: harnessing (cnptlioj e ateion of a

geerto cu o from oth geneaos engen

derng sho(rcuits n the trnsindvdution of

generions prma entiaton fo example,

ls to t2ke pace with he juvenie pschc app-

atus or ult consumes, nae to ar e costs

of eduQtng tei len omehow manage, never-

tees to bu expeive a

It s ths ve poces of esoidatio ta ie behindthe decle o mrket vle ourng td marke ap-

tlato hvng en ne the coapse to whch

a ptlsm whh has bcme drebased Iplj(nr�

58



To work

ad speulave evab es. Oe of the most voe

eets o hs proces is [he paupezo of Yhueashg the thet of a ecoom oroaio

ewee the geeatos at the ve mome whe the

igeeraoa smo bod apab o coaiig

uh a thre ha ee shonuted he poes o

avduatoA ths esut geeaized iep, uh

ha the pread of doted mie beomes ecea

iy oeated wih he pead o egiv extees

Dsoated mieus a o soetg the psc

dvia om he eao to oetve dviuto a, oreae as FJos eog vetet

a forms (fo whh aa spcato a

dve-bae obsessos ae susttUed) egede o

ehavo eve sphee oe domaed b a

sruua shoesm o he prcs e that vad puaio ajsi shoem

Te shoem tee idue the qudao

o espos desumao ad exme se

hatmet, s he mS mmedate coeuece of the

edei o the te of po omed a t wthhe tdeta fl of ba eergy a the spred

o what Re !}asset cas pasage to the mt, tha

po hrogh whh he tog of stem

eas o te deuto o the v codo o I�

59



FOR I NEW CRITQU

ncponing prcess which ar ineluctbly aslted

no a uway ncease in negadve exernalides.

7 bourgtois SWtp away by ht mafa

The hsorica "lur of cmmuism was de o he

ct ha i culd no! ik assciati tha i. iuced e rgge agint roeaianiion a os

f wledg d aais he shn-cuis n rai

ividuai a are ceal caracerisics o Sanist

bueauci oaltaanism, JUSt a e re o he ttli

zatiun t is conduced by make: y emsowa o docaing a caiam ad ommuism

ave dinguihed hemee om on anoer Een

[hoe Mar who wre si:e ouid o Sainim

and who we� gai Sali, were never abe mage

a criiqe o docaon becaue om e beging con oearianizaon and aizaon.

In e cmus wrl. i issociaion e ri

scal a rucall o the alitaia eai o

rce o xinc, wic o a ong me w nO

cae o ialis epecialy whe i combned

Fm wih Keesiaism10 Caitalism. uike com-

mnim, o ong m vor e coniion o

movaona sm ased hese ucues oexis-

G



To /orN

cne. sutres ha it everheless haess. exploI

ad aly destoyd, b y mns whi ere deeeeive ad a eve osied a e liidinaonomy ad pespeves of simaio Oary

o ommuns dssoao!1 Yet emas he se haplsm oud in e ed beome a roess o dis·soao leadg laly o demoivaio: ws

odemed o eoe lm e tedeal ll

in lbidal ee hi i had is rovoked

A o is e�say e o he question

of omme Polil eoomy s a ay ofogJizg

transdividuaon o only a he evel of symol

xhge also a he leve o e hge (f om

modis e. he i Bjig h t i hh

I idg dove a sore sellg plsi manne

'qs ad a spsed me w ha sh a sss

old ave bee red y a Cinese sop oe in

hs oredy ommi oomy a onomyh os a poerly does oly ino

in yi invduaion is otod by a

oleive divdao wihoM idnis. ha is

deyoog sort-iruiing ansindvduaio

ad heefoe dindvdaed sdvdag addsive o moiv

Te aiast eoomy stily seaig 10 tOlg'r

woks. ease was he sy idvdal t e l

61



FO i A NEW CR ITQ U

dit�. o beoe the "entprene of isfu

whom oective diviao bt ath hogh acoltiv disnivdaion ohesd by ktg

whih xloit he osibiiie of cool eanag

fo he povking of shocits and, sie th

"ovatve volto a olbeals (an

he poj of foding Mef whih a01st Fh taslto f olbeals) thogh a

govet of qal whih s the soia-all

of whh stys the o l tslf wh

theeby beo a secoy leag aly to the

I<:n of inteao whch is the asHio

of ;svao to the eooc she a

i is oeia fo al h oe te gve hat

oio ea in ealy [0 the gowth of

oopol

Osblatowhi th eas an th a

oveet o h sea of egative extenaities to

he lidaio of oe by e akt an to h

deion of oia oces b ansa

by the fCI ha th bogeoisie is swet away by the

aa whch i he e blg th foe ost

onts bt alo of al dvbae aitaisTe aa s t epae th bogeoSie a api

ts kes on a sniy aalk aat fo

the oe that h schat of th wol

62



To wrk

completed. s disenchtmet eoms te o

oger v bu nolu: tee cn 10 log� b�n} rblj,� (hntm-a w. for empe e

dvet of mode (ejtng e "idus a o

wh Fbe s�ks hrough e ce of Jcqes

Arnox)4 boh wih n1d f bOro modr.

We disetment beome bsoute he powe othe poweru pys OU wt!OI (oiscr wo

ion (0 O;m of a kid hou he ghe bef

nd hereorea oue csm h neer h nr

aw

I is whn his epoh of m itlism-tt o a cpm wo ogeoi oe see

devop e Yemi S£e lie dvebd poti

nd n ddcte cosmem nded idus

opulism ssm is di o bougeo cpm

te ue of whch is wig sign foesdoig boute disnhtmen hen e bcomg m

of ilism s o 2ide wic would be moe

o l epheomen: e i s [he oml d ee

nionng o cim n his ,

rozism is unoe one cn u t ketis eu of Petism: is someig mo

eo moe ompe nd moe dcu hnk n

e eu o he sme od sg

Te midde css wi soon dispe s

63



FON A N E W C R I T I Q U

they hve bee pletriaize by the eopme

of consmesm Ts s o sy ey hvebee pupeize the ome is ot the oseqee

of the Je It s [ sy ht the me se e o

lge ay ki of "pey bougeoise�-o bese

th hve bee ppe b thogh mbl

mis [re yif symboi impoveshmem ommseto\ ogh n n�tmic nldetic p-

'nz: wih o, witht ess fo exmpe

o sme pcce wch ws sch deght

to Rl Bhes. f whom t pecio f the

msc o Schm n oy eve om is ntepet

io th s m th ce f pyig it o the pio,

a he expls Ms p25 stmen wh

also lies ehi the efai osy epete o Pee

h s the:

Wrk on yu insrument!

I og hee's e ems s t

is wok th wok lwys ivolves istmet

ee so oo oes uI.

e pey bogeose eve hogh it is o h

eveheless elogs o the ogeose nsoa hs

ess o somethig beyo sbssee c em

cpe itslf om e pe eessy o epocg its

64



To 10rk

lbor powe nd a herfore l sel fom pur

lIegorium, a is rom opleel calcuabl xhageh p bourgois r abl o b msic lovrs [amat

de fIlSiqlt], Wha was once h priilge o e nobili

bcame he ienh cenu pT xcell( h o

h bourgoisi hn bcame s wl h priilg o he

p bourgoisie

1is is wha was liqidd b xsion o

consumrsm o all socil casses ough wha I ha

dscibd wh Nicols Doni as a mhanical ur

in sensbiiy2G cndition o possibili o s ag o

pbnko/ cosiHd b pschohnologis

o pscho·powr.7 cosumersm rsoms ehing

o ds ha is, ino subsisence, and liuidas

dsr a is objcs ootium and sublaion clud

ing o he hghes lvls o he bourgeoisi wo rJS

become a maa Ad as for h wage·eanu 0/t idl

[ls /re l'a� s Jean-Clude Milner c unirsi profssors8 hey oo e unale o escae his

fae

Now h libdinl ad poliicl economies o con

[ribuion a are reconsiued in ssociad milies

nd oward he ropning of his dision which sha o consisncis ad o wha 1 hav cled an h

f pepl.2, Onl oriOl can rcnsie cred h

s an econom: hr is no coom ohr hn whn

65



f O R A NW CRITIQUE

it is ojct io an nve5(me. Thi eoens for

the coemporay =non sytem the quson oprtmiol-'use an eonomy whethe lbnal or

poltal s way an eonoy o rotenon

Economy ofprolo. pOnt o/uon,and conibon

Economc system n gnea n the catt sytem

n cu y contte ystem roucon o

prnton s protent roucton sysem cey

acheves gee ecincy wih the ene f verculac o gammadzton: money, the wo fo

whh in Ladn evok MoS";)O In ie of that

the uesion of protenton ann e reuce (0 e

ueson of uca cet s ooe n a eeona

enseme an ths eneme conute a much ymahine an by the su f ouer onumer

a is y mony-mony whh ea fom o reen

on cone tme into sace ut whch ly o

n a ver c ene

Ifcatsm s a pon prouton sytem whhn tems of peomv s vey emrbethu

when one say ht the stomaet h ost manybons o oas n the course o uh an uh a

6



To wrk

ris. (h m�ans a a pow of aive poenons a

owc of e nctio of penios of aiipaios)ha been o y e erd;1JI-the the eoom

of onuio is w oomi agement idi·O and oiia) vcn gammazd eeio and

penon ofnme

e ptas sym fo eang potcnons i ayse o e w ng aou : nge esyem o eief-y ng ief nto mehigaae an y eoe egenng omengt an e a eas n e ey of 1«0l:

t [cOful. Ced n gene, n a i fomwe ankng egu ery aoiia o iais he oganzaton of penoed e onee so expesson of poenton whch "z r/N, whi s onc

od y adatig An' heo of perfomaityo he qon of edit peomane s i[ as edto te tnsfomaio of mae sia eaios aneaio-at i ofw and om whih oeeds eexaona pmaet oton i w apimsn he nusa vouon s onsitd2

Wha ae ding he COUf of he nie[ec and we ees \ he org ni ion

of e apitSt "oeonaizion of the wo.w ose y n eanm

67



fOR " N E W CR IT IQ U E

legiimatng powe nd he saraion of e:

no n her tcon, b n anformaon noalcuble li. ndng-ugh te aeng f

scientic eie y he producion ppat in oe to

dse wys o anomng mae ntue hnqe

umn beings nd bavio Ts nomtion of

beef w abe o 3ccomps enomos gns n pod�tviy hroughou the nneh cry nablg

rm of mmbership nd scl cohson n h

so projc crred O by h ogose togh

h evpment o schoos. og enggemn t

made pos�

b h naton oy cIn he wn cnry, h mozn ofdin

engs ook pc houg e png and hass

ng of poenon i e channeng of atenton It

w u a mae o �/aboi"g Itd] an indral

po: o causng te ensions ccmd n poenions of consms (0 ec o (fd] toar

ins pouc, poduct wic re te "ea

ion o he proenions o podces, i ( goa o

cung he poenon o consum n produces 1

converge n tu of oveomng e contaon in

wic conisS e tenenal WI in t e o pot

In te cors o ece c, h ptentn31

ytem copsd. af having un of cono as

as divn od vr·mre xrem so-emm

68



To wDrk

vntaly eahing t limit of s u!l""ih;io (3

so-trm nny. whn ampsd to ( ointof fton ads r t dstrion o t tntiona

m in w know onsiss as wl as t dstu

on of t protcnona tm in whi nvstmnt

onsi) Ts olaps of ontions was insibd in

t at of onsumt apasmto t r<s xtnttat his form of Cpsm pnd on t protai

anzaion of r�nion in w h o of cion

onsst, a poon mounng t a oss f

nowg an a o ang onsumpon as m

as oon

"I ntrmttnt worrs of t pfomng a

n a o$ whom Jna Minr as h wag

anrs of t ia, onnu (0 uva a rationshp

TO tpbamwKol. n or tat ty may stil pas nto

h not a fom whih hy raw a tin a

at nnt onsr to mr njoymnt gvn

hat on n a ng o i"j"i/� drlc�.

nw wo prats bng dvopd on h n

wor o t asat iona m owv

hmvs also [n {a t pasag 1 h no

at a goa w ssntay is r motV Su a

mov amonts to a prontion An s a ta o

F awats ony on tn: fo ts onsUtion as a sta

of a n or tat rtntona ystms my

69



F O R A N W C R T I Q U E

no he ervie ofhi potntonal aivity Ad it i to

hi qusio ofa aw uh a h ha a ew iique ofoitica eonomy mt b one-ad h o

o te exte ha hee actics. whih ae eomig

v wiepead, eoSiue he oom l in ts

oi well beyod he ulual seo o t "oial

cto

uh ae he queo whh for a iue of

polal onom ead on e bs of a aali

of he plae of iy io i he oom: hee

ac qui oparmacolg. o w a oo o

oiuion conitute e Jociohtp pope t {h

oepoa age of gammaizio-i oi

i oth wod. is se of e

70



Pharmacolog of Capal dEconomy of Contribuon

ForJ�an.Micbt1Sds

To the nJto ofJI-Floi Ly)(/'d

e suprmc dfon o t wrir a lh art y u-

s i pna) g r u e v g a

g Crg [nruit bre e

o. ', e ys to :

Lk k

Fgr: i ovr nsa

Hog g e qk

Te s e A e OiscMrll'm





On Janua 25, 07 wie papang i a

cqium ded te wk f an-Fan�i

Lyad. I pped a eadng f Tht PosN1dml

COlin i aaerzed ose ta aia

dchd b ad a pig! n f ibdinal

on: a nvend b neis api

is in N Aeica a bgnnng enCy

dng [ eadng, pdeni eued

a nsei gan e ibd eadg

eena 0 e iudain e ibd e

"dn a e dan a bdn en deny e ned-

e idan e ceee i en

r ppe a e end e 1 97s (f <o"dirioll pos-

modt beg pbied a e e Maae

Tae gaind pwe in G Ban iUing begnning e neaie evi)

In e ue eading I red w w

nep enabng e inng f is rOf/lIti!

73



FOR A EW CITQUE

bidna eooY [h s posmoeni wee lessose of Load' eponmou wor! ha of Feud,who. heoe i wa a ma o eeag anenrpeng [ eded to show ha ord a nTbr Postmod Codiio oeed he osbl o anw hnkng of capalm-and o he eeon ooleaanizaon which evew accopae it

and tha h hinking main o e aoa bu asohat dong o pruppos a crqe o h ordanaccount ofMdina ecoomy

J n h ous of he duio ha folow hivenion Jea�iche Salai who wh Coe

nauea oranied th colloquum, od me tha e nolong desoo what t means pak o pi/

no did he undetand discorse which cotinues oconvo his wod: he then delaed tha he coud nonet my own dico

esen wk ike Fol' (1New iqu ofoiEcooJ, o resod o hs emr mde to me ymy rend sortl befoe the cris of capialsm eealhe extet o ae in he monh oOc 08.Te th advaced hee. s presented before he

admnive cuncl of As Iduralis th in auic eso of hi aocaon ghed o Deceme5, 209J coniue he analss g n o Nrl

riq ooN coo.

74



Phnr'olo fCapitl

Ti r xis \o qustions:

How should on unsan "proft phra,

"tendenial ate o po?

• Mo gry. wc s py i onpt

pssd wih rhis s?

7ere no tendnc withuta couter-tenden

W h hid vom pm tis hink wih

p "d f in th ae o "-e

k wc y cnot mea: in t th u p ' s(+)-is uege dyuc

tt, posits, woud in pi b ih o

ps syst od d d wih odi

o ds pii uld us dyni

sm rnd y a i i tt woud d i is tndn to whih th y 1C[oning o

prof gis is i cmpln

[s opJ.

s s iny no ow s b inpd is

teo: o oy wht Mxi a pnoin s d t /be Iopis o ti

tndn And M is poy d i hs wy

Bu i i ndny t t o pof o f

75



IOR A N E W C R I T I Q U

then there must also be couner·tendenc, awe lern

fom both N1he d Feud. \ee hs nor hec,

we wod no ogebspekig of tedec} but ther

of spe d ner h s deteist evoluon

l:H Mis d M hself (d befoe hm '

1= Hegen d:lc) dd ot anage ro esn ths

wy-n er of edeis-is pobem beq

by x U tha does nO nvaldte hs to o the

bersh tendecy o h prot rae

"Iis way o thng n tes o ndenes ass

thogh psrbo/ng. ha s tugh a dsore on uls

o the logc nd he eooy on the logc ns

s c is n eooy

Give th cSiy of debe on e endnl ll

n the rte of pro the queston s no whether sch

endnc st rhe t cocens the e of s

couer�endecy (orcounterendenes. Whr s ry

ste s kowig how o tn he y of ene

7prot to which Ma rf is th� um oninvst

Tuig to how the wod prot sold be under

stood the queston is f po cn be deed a the

etu on nesten tha s s ction o a syste

76



Phanacol fCpital

nblng mun:on o nvted captal nd hnc

for isk t e tken h soud this denon ofpo id o ecude seaio-wic teds o

droy e SYSem of invtmet en ta, I�u, tI�

smie tim�. :d moe pely ta whch aes the

pyi o of tsort trm ad e og term both

wtI oe noter nd fimt one aoter?

e pot devng om the nncialed cono

lly d not opond wth what M ls th

e o pot , wer p /(). P deeds n

e sYSem o produtio a costat apal ad i�

ble ptl. Te pots dervng om ana1zaon

tend on the con (Q dcul o p n latont 5(+V) nd to ecom snally peulte rots

Te thee ai e qeso of w a calls

"ciios apia

Proft, durabili and txc

An ojton raid aganst e theory of th ee·

i fl he rte of po is we hae seen apa

acmue enomou gan ovr he at ew dcdes.Bt the o208 lke tose thH pecded t u

mo tn ny o he le ) mkes t ns

to examne Oh th a d the soidy of ths

77



F O R A N W C R IT QU E

proabil-a pro{bliy whi during hi r h

o o appar JlCn1ytxic.

T quson of pro i rs o al. and joly:

ha o s xognos ssanabl ha or

r o soi (pos anno b durab hy

droy so);• ha o is ndognou draliy rm is o apal

isl (i s one i valu or im

• ha o porat whih og [ha is, as

conns iou apial h uon o qa

o h aniipaions in whih i onis gn ha

iious capil insoar as a sm ofn4tive/

C1KIltd prt, s a nssay union o

ssm b t rgrd o r sula4

on wh nrprial inv onss y

anr p o aiipaion

I is onl hin uch ysms o aniipaion whih

us b quald and onsolidad by rul ha pro

can b produd

Could h gain ahd by Brnad Mado s

mad a 50 bllion dollrs and hos o e pulaorakn in by h ha b ralizd <S pro? Y

wiho doub u h pro "r audln nO

y durbl and plrt" o ba hy wr crad

78



Pharmclgy fCapl

throg oor anticpatios And for Mados

cI nt. h ha bco dad loesWhn Albrt paggari. a cimn who wa alo a ml-tant of th trm right. robbd th Soct Gnral

bank in Nic in 1 76, hrby accomplishng hat h

bn calld "h ht o h ny h mad a prot

of 50 million fn Bt h prot a r bn

rcogzd a such: rathr hy ar qald a tft

1 wh ar arls in the pharmaclog fapial

Shol w onld ha a cio apt lay

tnd to prodc ym a ar [oxi. f not radult

(hat ,pre toc)? T w arly poitiv mor e

hn y other hum pyc hotec hlique. ctitiou aptl

s aphrko15 and mor prci. a ccountig gmVeu d'critm, dmmy ntri] and th anicipaion

ystm mad posib by thi phU of cat pr-

ppos th stnc of a fr capital which trctall

d to djnvt wh it e it prots dn6

diivmn ar shortcircui, in tsam way a cial and yponsic mmoth i,

th hJo of writingcan hocircit living ad

anamnc mmo'

79



FOR A NW CRITIQUE

Lt s propose ha hs enden eds (Q c"l1

[iri: one cas a specaor (ad. i mes o wa a�proer") somoe who sco a he ecoomca wel: sci conqencs of probe desons Sch

peson logs o heCHeO of hose whom oe oh·

ews alls he ndieen he urig o the r

incrL] those "who are nt

e qim"

011 u ] . tht s who dn't have nyhng to do wh

nyhing-Ose wh S. "I dOI ' r. se who

moc he wod s bes the s uh d to rUS,

ad bese i is cbl eg iscibed wihn thi

phmogy. that lao sysems e mposd

whch am [) m he decve eecs f s spc

ave tenden of fee ap-d o keep a ufc

nd sdyhl o thng hn. on nJtm givn he

insijy ofcapal crclao

I he pals eoomic ssem. h crclo offee pa s sppod o mesue he Cdi ha he

nnci sys� ccords o such and such an o

nomc o hi the prodco suem-ad.

thrg ths sytm fmesreme, sash [he beef

tha socey nvets i his acviy The cculaoof fee capial s a spc ptentinl oza'io

esg o compex. le d corupe sysem of

phrmak whch oe nds mo acos ad o

80



Pblncog fCpin

b>ions variou nanca nsumnt, aTngs agences

ec's capia. howver nds o ecome purey spec·

Iave hen it no onge measure a capita o condenc

n the Ure o he ast o (he prodcon apparHs

n reaon to whch t contittes as a sem of

ancpaton, capacs or nvmnt-ut nteadrees on operon whh are ethr pe ef·efern·

al such tha he ancp;on created te nca

use :cpe nothng teF d com t h

expene of the producto sm) or ese r ornd

ward te prodcon aparats u ar suray

shorrm that s ased on dnvestment hat s on

eping� of producon apparaus

Innovation, short-trmism. and spelation

Let us now ren o poductive capia

A common ojto r {he this o the endena

fll n the pro rae is ha he technca novaon

ng at the hear o [he producton appatus enae

the ystem o ceasy stmuae t derenaton.th conStant capta here conferrng a competve

advantage upon he nnovatve entepreneu

e qson o nnovaton hoee no o

8 1



POR A N W C R I T Q U E

man�r o coc�po a oucto as rp·

urs aJ� tchologcl ivros a sccscovr OO hr bssss: ovao s alsoa bfor ayhg ls th ociniztiol of ovato-tha s, h asormao of sod. Now htw�th c hs tsformao op hogh

th orgzao of cosmpo ha s hrog hmplo of appa\s for soc's adaptaion

o chsrl chg b o s h dption ofovo b so

l wo b :1 r of opo ehsl chg ws coproc sor sl B

h orgro of cosmpo prposs, o cor a h bcomg o soal Ist s ·furl !bmi o t bcomg of th (OlOmie SJm.

somhg abl b grrg rh lr ll corol

ovr choogcal bcomg tha s, ovr h ehc

hs sbsso bg obta b captga harssg ano of cous b vg

h lba rg towa objct of ovato a

b coolg h�r bhavor va makg

ow sch harsg of lba rg as o

s sruco sbms o caclao ha whch sobc of sr s ol cos hrogh bcomg

7 h s rogh srpsg all cacloTs rco of sr ls o a v·bs

82



Pana�o0 opt

Mfusttion," org syste wth hat.

cmethe oes soci), codto thesa asopton of ovato did by Shte

as eoo eolo eadng to te istlaton ofa

sst (ng ro po ("ni nd sru/ obw·

n sysem o whih the Iol dato to oje

beoes dpob. A f naaZo onst·n aspet of at sste, en both sesse

as stat apt a woke as aae ap;

beoe s su sosaea a oth ot o

oupo

Cosumo beoes, thee, bo exta a ou-gga:g fusao b

disng on a e soNe bas owa te neet

obet of onsupo poe y ths peaet

iovton." Nory s thus seata vozd t

te epese o ub' a hs O

;Uofdtach m, h , of nhlnN or ili (ul

aled Rxb)11 oes o he eoosto

o e ba eoo o te sa o eae

ehaos d to e iuidion of oal ses

A odio of hs ssem ogzio o

h oete pCse a b

e quidio of pm dn3on12 d the

oao of le syaptogcssJ y hose

shots indued i soey Ia I he dscrbe

83



FO A N W CRI T Q UE

a "disoiHion'1-e Y!m of aicpao of ee

capia an1

ypabie bhavor f cne acn aony a e "pocizd [poiast), in

�ne tht mbing dugs an pOUlti u IormabJ"1

hi cave bUI alo ei oic eects (a when fo

insmnce cool is mbned wh psychotrops o

an I-n Aaaoris).

Aiciptons o fO api'l nd cone bhv-

o hefo om orlavey and Jma/

o-us spCIa ad d"bd

Economy ofprotnio1

Fcitou capial s a ym of ancpaons and

gmb w( an D akjtlm ao imiol,

(h i platos a auaion bou u os-

sibite wk ay ver b ald. I his syteof pojco of pres wh, e orgaztion

of ik-ing mre o es imied). give he capili

ye am: apialim psuppo t nc

of f Clptl o�n 1 speculaion undeood in th

sense .Th dvnce on ealiy a poducs thee an

paion hweve, such tht Ihe ucualy exposd

(0 pecuaio, mSI poc bfoe ythg ele om

84



Phaacolo ofCpilI!

a molof, islf incrd within an «nomy ofmoti-

oU. whch s as an economy of nasy: such aneconomy is wha podc poan libdinal ene o,

10 exps n mo pciy psychoanlyica m,

polymopho libidinl n.

1s poymophim mus nid by wha Ma

We cald a spiit

pppoe an invmnin

a ibidnal economy whh in som way conr pon

i symolic cliio and i conStion wihin

a sym of exchang fomin a polymophos a

comm

ch ar h qion peadng 'Jt N�l Sprt of

Cpi!J n wih L Blki and E Chiapllo

ref o oh Max W d Albe Hirschman n

ode o how ha

sYfemc ontns [wh ar erd on ll e aos

wln te ptas sys) re su on own

10 l t gn. Du kOI"a1t) ut b

ntera d jused15

In oh wod i ppposs ha a liidinal economy

eeps in sv an chngMb bda r, whih

eows conncy on h "adan ha h ym

maes pon isl ad a is dynamic hoghoU h

aio oms of moiain ha i ics

85



FOR I NW CRTIQUE

In lbia economy e vac"� p·

eonl ructu o thi eomy6- conttLedby ds, nd uch dee i tucturly te. a cacul� to th extent ha! t ted (0 Kinniiz

t objctS: [h bidnal econmy the ecoomy o th

nnii2ion nd a uch conttut ystem o itin

ically longtem ceCnvery the deuct o thi vnce foundd

on eie. th i. o ymblic cpil-a detruction

uced by the 7to" o t objct. and s the

gnizion o t Hinc dpbliy. icudig

wke nd buesesdey motitn itsel in

"I m

I thu ecm a adv bsed on te dive

But ven a he drve ae by atue hoermi.

hi led to diinvetmet, tha , to e ucton

o ptabity udesood a bmtr ead f the

uco o proabily udesood h� nliaio o te yamm ad duabity o te ytem, a

a whch do yem gd fe qli u bien It

lhm·J.

86



Plmuoog O/Cpi

Consumrst cptal andfnny mon {monnaie

de sig} h� mah�mation ofcarknSI

Th tendmial l n the at of prot whh hantd

th poducv y chaactertc of the nnetnth

cey and of Euoea dal7to (ad whch

rovkd veI

re) wa aborbed a the gn.nng of he wnteth ce Noh A b

a cnter-tendn baned hgh he cnerst

ogazato o he lbdal cooy: b the ab

lhet f ste of oon d b cal

f he d of conut conal ,Id d

relaon o fee cal ned and "rnlJ

n h e Te pleeaon o h conrt

ocety wa [he nal epoe hat he Arcan

coo fod (0 h yt tdcand

for f captal therfore cannot be hough wth

Ma ocp aone

Ir wa whn th erng ontext a the pduc

tt dral d bea con ha n

1913 Shp wote h eolona ho of th

ptalt oo Fod th otU h pfct

xal of th deate that h all h

He Wbr hang hl uppld a r

eron o th dl·ty throgh he ge o h nre

eur o Plaa1 Bt od eteenual

87



F O R A N W C R I T I Q U E

inntn. bU n Taysm pupps t

ganztin f mss cnsumptn-th hanng andpln lbdina n n th src f cnstnbhaia n I s fr is rn tht ths frm

f pitasm ques mbilzin f Fudian

cnps

s nsmrst uNndnnnd as way f tugglng agans t ndal ll n th t

f p and mplmnd a ntn th sstm

whh Max ws unawar, ht s maktng, and

which d t the gn1tn of ous aial

and th F.C tht m:Onr f cntrlng pdu

tn shts nrpenul conl t sharehol

managmntts cntrtndn u bcm

bsh towad th nd f th Wi cy

nd de th mmnt that un pwr

dmns. rywh sng p mv prce f

pprn ecnstuing t chractrstc trts ft nntnt r

Hing dtred t bidn enmy upn whi

t was fundd nsmrst cundncy tn

sstm aggaats th xit f nanal pa

mal. tat s r tndncy. tsef dribsd ndshomt, ctts apal, accntating pu

peitn n a l of t populatn s wl a

unminng t appatu f pductn, wh is

8



Phaml oCpil

plged v rg byos nd ohe specltve

:hniqu d slly anst usne

The Sugge gnst he endena l n he e opot hus indces a endenl l n lbdnl ene.

whch renoc he spelave endeny of aph is. s dsnve, heeby ndenng po

Te enous ccuulion o cpta tends heeoe o tansoed no unny oney [o1ie dr

sil- he penso nd syse ppes o whai i ne pole o yst clled cs cpl sht havin tJ/(uid pham/tlogI f

1 cnelrsS, h pole is onsud y deons("u dbmy orgnzing the ilmion esonsty deeptons wh nmes such as "subpescu1aon Bernad Mdo ec

7�Ihrt�rilt mo-tdc

I e way n whch rx cacae he e o poled o ake he sve tendency in whch -ous cpal eenialy onss fu o CCQ hsonly sevs o show precisely h he cpals nves-en sye s subje as a dync sye. h o aearsh endency or (0 a speculave unconn whihnecesily eces destrucive d le

89



fOR A N E W C R I T I Q U E

Schumper COradc t pptv by showig

how ovato fmcHonl/ arHmbs pov�Cp ad citou itl- risk il oieed

to\ad "chologa values But Schum peer oe

ot teg� t� queso f cosumpto a e h

essig o libidinl eer, r h� eash e ha

hi aig idue ove is �er fom sstao cnsumeris pialm he eoemt of the

eny towad hoHst aessess hat h

eect invibly vk in tos apa.

In e o descib th, he fnining h

appau prout-uch a i is moed y

mnen innvion quing n oganizion

cosumpio by me appa o psyopow tat

maketg coes i on eas fom Ma

Ih� sepaao of tiio om poutve apital

is formulato of he calculato ofwe wod need

o:

1 . ad o is formua a iovato fuo a

a cosumpto fucto oer [0 es a

appa of proui whh, oa is o oge

merly podutivis, ut osumeist;

2. inegc a eta fU a eg ha is,

a edey for e to eompose io ts om

onn divs.

90



Phanacl fCapit

If, in addon one admts:

hat ous apal i ssena o he cm as s

te organizaon of aluable antaons;

• that t s cotituted y staly shot�ems

endeny. that is y a endeny to aessnss

w n he onsmest ndusial mod forms asstem wth an nrsng oesene ods

and seies. proded by a onsan aeeon

of e oess o nnovation and techolog�

cl tfr. d by a oeave aggessveness f

makeng

ten it aps viden a he onsmers mod

as eahed s limis bse aommdaes a shor-

tnit mar-t. w n e c ony lead

to osng he sem o om ny ue at s oa lokage of e o of anaon wheter

enepenea o nana and o a genere dega

dation of soa and p movatons b equay of

«onomiemovaions

Given he exsene o sch a mao-enden teeon eom o knw wha the mt-Olur

nn mgh be

91



fOR A N EW CITIQUE

Shrhor capitalism aem rene

To quadons of urbty snity, of

sfegurng the ynmic ystem cpm is s

syem of moons. mus � e the pobem

o negtve exenlitie: the csis o 2008 coincs

wih the ullment of he prcions of te Mows

repo n of Ren Psse nmey. e consumer·

s nus moe s conemne o oveshoo s own

ms by esroyng geoogic ours n geogrp

cl n meeooogc sysems l wle provokng

mogrphc expoion

lhisesron f pys sysem combne w

e esrucon of psyc n soc ysems wc re

the ndtons of prouction o a lbna eneg-

tht o uce s wel s signe invsts n

consumes e pot rlU en ens vey ceny to

f, whie te "prot is only mrained t hg velsbu hs beome ninsly suv n re·

ler roug unous nsrumens of nnc

rmcoogy or by fnkly Meue opertions

inee on r mnestly mn n sctly

;)1'In s se wt s ugmene s pro no

nger �s ny rn o e pro e cute by snce 1p n (e ce of e evenu obsolcence

92



Phn/olo ofCptnl

of innovation iuef, and tkng into accont the sen

aly ive-base chacer o consmpton. end[

bcome caly cio. a to be nethe

10 c no r in the denition which ppot e cacaion /(c+): i this endeny wic i concetey

exps in managemen comng saeolde

bs wch e FogEADS nie tding

cand eeae camito eecsand which inas a

genney systemic cenes

Economy ofexcessvess[demsurJ

nd nniteponsbl

Howe spcative ciio capal migh b i

m ncipaton making em laivly clcla

ble Poenons of pychosocia tempoiy howee

ae not absoey ccable an ways c ative

ancpaton: y emege fom a idin economy

tha in6niz il [ht is, an «01omy of aci-

nt ta podc a pychosocl wi. othewise ld

movaon that ha pocs motiv r x;uig.

ohewise caled meanng and which pppos waSimondon names the ansindividaondC on

poce of anindividation n which pQ[nions ae

eaote into the fomaion of long cis I

93



FOR A NEW CRITQUE

In othe words, he proenion at consit psy�

chosoal emoiy uposs a eationof an if"iu mpo,ibilit will oe "bak up this

emoly as a knd of (rt, whe ed nnot be

rded to ust [cuianl underso s aon.'9

bt euposs 3 desire invesed in an nnitbe

objet

A he orgn of cpialsm t wa he God of

reformed monotheism who assumed the symbol n

tion of this innite esponsibi we arc infomed by

Webe But wha old ak on he syboi fnton

of hs innie responsibii when apitaism trns no

a roess of disenhantet nihiim and the death o

od? n what then wi this raton o innt onsist

a aton whih slaion end to dle nd to lq

udate (thogh whh however i is the ym telf

whh beomes diutd-e mtazation of ose

only alowing soal and yh stems o abob thsduton by dstoying he a lle more hat s by

dung hemsees n oder o pree me nania

sbyte wihn e piJS[ ono syem and

aways to he deiment of he prodon sbsystem)?20

Ts nnite obe s tha of dese What bo Freudand Niezshe gae s o tink-nd wha hy ga

u to think as the pay of endenies-in the ntion

ig of wha he Viennese analys wi he psyhi

94



Phanaclg o/Cpital

aparaus, s hat mph� is innsally onstd

by s aton o nty. 1s ty s that objt oftd�rwhch cen hough t s ot exst ( s

a asy) nevem cons.

Such cnsnce one alow a geeal onoy o

perpetate that is, to ced speclav de

ue whh s encoun when seulaion alulang an ung anans oes nnsall

caeless becue has beoe e ncaaton of a

shor-tes, ha s de-ba= teneny Tse are

aso hsak of gee eonoy aong to Geoges

Balle

Fo h on ha Aan catals le

e e "Arcan way of s a new lbdnl

ecooy mogh e psychoower of retg tc

oly khs ny whh s nnedir, non

by 6nizg , tat s by dsoyg h aats of

roucon of lbnl erg a of al sublaory

by-rodu It c theefore oy ase ts yston

Te n2on oft psyhoower howeve

whh e a he se ie he tie of sof

po�r, w for a long ti c ts ntzg eects

throgh a bl powe heorze by Keyes an ate

lzd by Roos s ubl owe, caled e

w/rt sta, wll:

95



fOR A N E W CRITIQUE

• o the oe had. maitai beth pyhopower.

ocial ad ublim:no ystem fo e poduo oflibida eergy rlar edatoa ytem

o the othe had. limi the ela iv tedecieo c[ou capia tha Ihi pyhopowe erethogh the ol of egulato ad adjustmet

asumed by the pl powe whe ed wth theect of ddutme egedeed by the emuao of the dutral tehial ytem, whih

estlizes ohe soal ytem

To ay ths aothe way the were sate ot meelya avat fiopowe added (0 it i h quetio o py�opowe hi i e aae of he tae i he poch

of what Adoo ad Hoeme wiU aJl e leidty-ad the epoh whe ee du

vetor of the merica way of lif. i to ht oe

th of ocial ge.

7� "orVaiv� rvo/uonI ubordination ofh� chnical s o h COnomic z

ual poit mut hee e mphai

1. Beoe maketig ad o pital too oolo idsial eomig ad eore he mas medi

96



Phncolog o/Capital

bee thoouhly dive-bad. tat is at rhe begi

ig of the 970s he pot te o busieesbonomed out ecoomc Ct whch meat that

at (har e w dut o age hat e e

deta i the e o ot was a abud

poosito

2. It was ode to evese ths stuato stad

thoughout the Wste wod by Keyes:,

tha the "cosete eoto was memeted

b Maget Tatche Egad om 1979 ad b

Road Raga Noth Aeca m 9BOt

system based al te etto Wods m

hag bee abadoed 9 , t Aca aa

atus o oucto havg dsticl egessed JUSt

s ad occued to te om itish eme ad

the "cosevatve voo amg o aca

e d o gobiz Weste cas ode

[0 sue hat it coued o dect the course ogobato a satg whch w a ameabe

e)

3. hs g to qeso o he saewhh k

he om o deocg he wee state o the

gouds t destoys iddua esosi adhece that goemet had become "the obem

ad ot the souto to aaase Ragaad

the goa o akg t ossibe o cata TO cm£y

97



FOR A N E W C R IT QU

det (va he ntermey of shoowe me

mene hrug makeing he ourse of whaBertran Gle alle {he ajustme beween he

ehna ssem an he Qher humn ssems, a roe

whh from the begnnng o the nustr evo

on gh u un ha moment had beonged o

govrnmen.

I ohe wods aer he "onsevave rvoion

he eomng o he hni ysem n the ose

of gob7on (eadng o a oess of eonom

globalizaion which aer 1989 no longer fc ny

obsaes)onsiu[cd he nsrte of

roduon. the orion o onsmion (via ps

hoenooge) and e oes an serves of hs

onsmon se (a of whh ae hemseves dus

e and ehnized)-the beomng o this gba

thnical ym eds o beome ttal intatd nto theonomicsu and submid to i protisa NUat

i oadi.

In adon the eonomi ysem is hencefo

amos omee dree b he na subsem

te gobaize and t nan subystem n rns sef sruural deorreaed from he rouon

subsysem

98



Phrmaclg oGpi

Technia stem, ol systms, and markeing

From the Npoleoni stte un vous foms o

Keynesinism, nd pssing throgh Gllism one unc�

on o the stte hs been [0 ense the eton nd

egultion o the disdjustment povoked by evemoe

pid evolutions of the technicl system a to imple

men processes ofeustmenta they beome necessy.

Betrnd Gile wote in 178one yer before Thtche

me to powe-ht ilng suh egultion, which

onstituts policy of indusil delopmen soil

systems old only n themselves nnihited by

hotic beoming of ths evelopment2e tehl ystem i dyni syste whh

thee tke pe wht Simondon desib poess

o individution Gille shows tht in the couse o this

indvidution, the techn system entes egully into

onRit wih the "ohe sol systems-whih ethemseves poesses o ollective indiviution nd

whih pesuppose pocesses o sychic individtion

d wht eu led psyhic pprtses

is mens tt it is possibe o the indiviution

o he tehn ystem to poceed in wy tht is ontry o the inividuion of socil sysems nd psych

ptses is ontiness howeve, IUO onstitues

he dynmi o e thnicl soil nd psychi

9



FOR A I"EW CITIQU

iviuation processs. (ha is, th phamologa

cnd of the nduation: Smnn sws thatniuatn qu press presupposes he phase er·

ecs [bmag) which eciely uce he ee

ynam o£iuaon an ce esa

On he oher han proess o ch ald scia

id'J/aiol e nOin

ny ase Iaptfiols f thesoca sysems an psyhc appaauses he emng

of Ihe echnc sysem hy are press o adpti.

ha is, c-idvrio1, n which soc sysems an

psychic appaaues poue an inuae {he h

n sysem as muh as hy paTcpae n h wn

resp«e niuaonsa o s in a way (ha is

ransuvy nernke

G ges ha he st3e mt ssume he eguaon

of nabe nd nesay) nc n orer Q avoi

te scon o hse sysems he sae rega y

eermnng he parameers of he ehnia syem an

[he rrae eouon f the sca systems thugh

negotito foring an pning, tht s ough

he ongem orgnizo o ehnolog a nus

al eomng; i must eually nu {h poibi

f esearch nepene of pae nesme whhs hort-ms whe ompare wh ergeneraona

soca me

Such poes a theacmic whch dene gms

10



Phanacolog ofCapt

of indvuaion ba on long o rnn·

vidaon. and whch prb onion n whhthnooga an nduta pharmaoo pdu

nduaon mo han do dsndvuaton

Now, an na ap o th ioogia war

d b h noba o h onvaiv rvoonw\ h onemnaon o govmn ndua

nd ong-tm poy and h orpondng aua

ion hat govnmn nvaby pomo n

mo o onomi admnionevn hogh

the Und S: mta ontnu o drmn h

on o h ndua pi h Aman

a "I nuall ov o th auaontha a/ oia rut h proue ong i

o ndvduaon ar guiy o urng th mod

zaon ma pob b h dvopmn o th

hn tm

Whn Tah an Ragan nad atondng and vnua qudang a at appaa

, h gamb wa ha h adjumn po

d ntrd l h opaton of h marke

aon tha , [0 matng whih hn xpo wirho

lm h phhnoog ontun h mdnrtuuand d o a h v o a ha

oa ono whih ;'naro ha whih i

anathizng an whih produ adn

10



fOR A NE W CRITIQU

Conundng he echncal and eonom semsa a prinpalto ofaelessness

h nlud xploaon lads o h low bu ix·

oab qdaon of [h appart of pOtio of

lbidinaag an apparr(d b conjoiningphi

apparN and soc sy oa o podC Sbi"in

sums (nd whch conctz ndvdaton no t way a onc pchc nd lt). In amn

of 2008 hs d xpoaon wl OU o

have nald a gnpnr ca/n.

The connding of th( t( J ica/ and enomic sums

a caaroph whh nvably ads htO mswhch a thooghl pharmacoogal o ponz

and xacrba teir ox ropc ad fdtv

ndnsfo for rso:

I . bordnaon of h hncal o h onomys, donad by h hghl plav

and shor-m nancal sb-sym rnforcs

drcv t of nnoaon and of h a

aon of nnovaon fo h oth oal stms

te tchnal y ncl ddj fo h

oca S Ad t nd to by ppr and

day h of hs dads sng

for hs oia yss hna pros amo

10



Pharcolog ofpi!

ng Q sece whch ho·cr ha oc o

uanndvdaon of whch hese ocal ytems ae

he oganzaon-he absence o eglaon leadng

n he end o he deson o emoales long

cc) whh ae no mmedaly "monezable,�

ha s abe o beng abobed by a consme

make.

2. The exmey ad and olen eneon o ehnoogy n he deen oal yem (my yem

edcaon yem olcal yem jdal yem

lngsC yem ec) leads t geneazed ole

aanon: ehnologal nnvaon mosed

hogh maeng a oe o adaaon oyh and socal nddal and nO aoaed

a a ec o nddaon and oess o adoon

denng a heec gme ha 14voi·ir

(lhapm ad �m!j4 echnqe o sef d

ohe) Ths s why no longe allows he aono ccs o ansndvdaon and on he conay

e nle e hoccng o he sn

ddaon oceswhh amons a nle

oumicclmr.

3 e hoHm e eeed by o aand shahode managmen oe he deeomen

o a ehnal syem eney bodnaed o hI

eonomy and heeoe o he mae and o whch

103



F O R " N E W C R TI QU E

the only developmena posbities tha come to be

selected ae those enabling the Ir pid ctitl- f�-thby osing o all possbilities

o social invCment in the hnrmnk, boh in

the long (em an as theapeic implementaton

o s socializaionthis pessue o th economic

system on the techia ystem eads to a systemicallycaeless devlomet ftbtfciel s its�1

4. 1he geogrphical biologil, demgaphic and psy-

chic systems d hmelves disadjuse, leading to

their disequilibrum, the than TO benecia disrup-

os hat is to dr

utons that ould be eectivelyngenpic dupons capabe of ading to rhe

poducon olmtbilia, such a ould occur

i hepnnko wee implemented therapeutically)

T.colp" of the sum of movaion

Hun bcoming s he esu o a theeold proce

o individuation or which te technical ystem.

soca systems and psychc appaauses ae he mea-

stable congurations engeneing poCS5 o technical

colectve ad sychic individationTehee nvd

uatio po5 nepble: they om ransdcivaions22

104



Phno o/Cpil

The tsductive rations tie oget thee orga

nologa eves whh mst be distgshed. and whhhve ter own og and h own tendenies. b

whch an no be consdeed n sotion fo one

anothe:

• e pcic appaIs s b- on syste opo

soc ogns;

e technia yse connts atcal orgn whh

becoe te phrka o te psychootic body.

onnectng t to Q(e bodies a th hrt of oca

syses;

So ae [e ogani7tons hog wchthe andvdua eatab and unie th

thaeutc ees whch onste soia bend

ng [r-01] tough me oetve ndvduaton

poces

at e tecnica syte is in tansdutve raton

wth the soi syste a hat it annOt be deve

oped without hua ieu in eaton o wh t s

exogenous. a eu foed U o ychic nd coete

ndivdus cutivang hr sgr' b cuiling cOt. h , ojJ whh d no bt whi

rt �nd whh a suh p te unon

nnt inntey to oe) ofstes nd indduas

105



f O R A N W C I T Q U E

That he psychc appaaus is n sctive daio

wh he chn ys:m meas a psychic appaauss anno soca whou passig hrogh he

phi consve of h echica yem-whch

is also a sym of eray eenons ad whc u

suppors nvua an cocive proenons (an [he

formao of ce, sepbna pem he formaon of boh ong an shor ansviaon cirs.

Recipay soa syemsa procss of coecive

ndvdutin ha s as evoving sytem. cannot pr-

peae hmseves whou aopngpIarma/a hough

he pychc ivuas whotranindvdae

hemsves

t he ear hese soca ytms, plmnkn whch

such sup e oganions in whch he sysems

cons eac oganogca el beng vie i

ansucve dao o h viuo of the oe

ysems

In e weneh ceny hower he economc

syem havng aken a sep byo he ohr ysms

a beng chag wh he ask f nng hem

fnitzg m, ha s sbmng hem o a prO

of geneaize "monezaioan he aci sub

ytem havig ake a sep byo [he prcon

subsysem a {he hea of he economc ym ief

is nfnitiv (mut h aw of esire) contittng

he cdtn of y genune -ndidin of the

lOG



Panac o/Capita

the ogologi level, whh nds elf desoyed.Now hee c be no sJlaiabk (tat is are-l

[mriLtUptnton witot nne onsienc rsJ n boh he qng ofaiipations

imo an uta-hoHe hoon ofspeua£on and he

colape of he te of ovaton Spelaon e

fa fo podung a nw dynai on the coa

folze e: t feezs t nto a waU of e wheepat and fte canel each other Ot and whee allfos of nvten snegate e la-shot-t

tendeny of opetey deeglated ctto apta

wh stecy ho-ccts the pes of an

dduaon thy caes cttos capal o becoeotalzed and exts Ts tenden i, then ntn

ly selfdestie da sch nilat ee

of whh he law deJr,hr it p fht a-

zHon (through ubmati) of moti o imagao

oibi.Sc a tuaon o aelsnewhh c ony

ead to te enropi dinegation of he thee oga

noogica ves whe at e ae tie doyng the

-ogologi ye {geogapha laolog

a geologal and bologil yte)s ndced bya coneist odel whh, hang eached t l

hogh he pead of dsoaed iles24 tha po

leaaned le ecoes elf-detcte nofa a

107



FOR A N E W C R I T I Q U E

wh i doy not me he dr of consurs

b alo hr hlh.T rnvon of th nusl ono prsup

oss ronttuon of iinl ono wiho

h hr n o nv, h a tha

lWappa! ofproduction of/b;a/ m�w J b�

O�d ad td-e3USC c appals

ary 10: hn th ltl nttuon

nd i -u [c�l.\j inhb uC hn

hool n r h [hr [hIlj.

To coo a, h o ru' aga ar�

tmdc inhn o paako c

n dUf o k� f or, n lrl no longr

ps by y of "uing onuon. Bu nr

cn i pss b wy o d n gowh ["dr

o Rthr pthwy to gm growth u b

ound gowh runnng oun t h mgrowt

[cro] h onur s bo25 n

groth whch od ont n nn of sr

Sh bh woud b ed y mntng a

onoy of onrbuon onoy or hh o

o n o k r,"26 nd n onomy

whn hh r ulv o u.!7

108



Pb'ntco ofCpitl

Pharaco ftechnical tendencs

I h ourse ois ethoaphic reseach ad by om-

parig ehi groups Adr LeroiGorha reated

the cocep o wha he clled "(ma eldli.

ecca edeies emerge rom har ierior mlieu"

which he ehn group" ostitures Tehial ede-

cies emergig rom he ehi group ae projeed i

the orm o ehcal objes the oaliy o which co-

stie a meme (or a m ) hrough whih rhe

erhic group akes od of is exerior milieu, hi i

rhus assimilaes ia is enal objecs

eroiGourha's aalysis s grealy inspred o byHri Brgso as eoGourha expiy aknol-

edges wi his reerees o he heoy o lif foe"

ad by Claude Brd who makes use of he coceps

o ierio milie exerior miu well as o mem

ba d cll. i order o describe he metaboliuios o soothni groups

Now he ierior milie i whih techcal edeces

a orme is a he same ime he sear of ote

edecies miing hi ocrete expresso he it-

ior mieu secrees" hes nds bu i a/Jo secreessoehg sm ar toa (auoimme sysm order o

sruggle agais hetx ets that ese eecis may

ar rimes povoke ihi he ieror miliu

109



PO A NEW CRITQUE

n eect conited hrogh a ehnca mle

whch ppos i, whch s i condon. and whch double (in he double ene o he wod. if I may p

ke h): he techncal mle eqalen o what

Bend Gle led the ehnl syem haboed

by he ntero mle and ppon alo doe no

ceae o exceed i and o heaen wih dercon.a hogh wee a paase ha alo happen o be he

condon o plty and o impoby o tha

pon wch paral In ie. a maer o a

pharmacoogca mle. ng endencs whch ae

curive a well as poonouT why wthn the neo mile a ehna

endency. oug h proenance n mle

nee compleey epsed whn ha me a

ehnl tendency oy lzed thog ehnal

t whch ae a compm ween ehnial cha·acerc emeging rom e tendeny. and ethnc

chaaceisic ha Loiouan decibe a degee

o tehna ct18 mng endeny-egee o

whch he tm he p endeny u whch s

heeoe coveed oe y ohe deee whch k tliming s expresion ndeed eurning he echniyo he tendency agn own xpron In ceran

egr he a man coe whch he tech

ncal c) and a atent conen whch he tehnl

1 1 0



P"nncolo� ofCpital

tendenche mait coenr expressn e lrenr

content on by ssimultin t, filg (dntJ it,n ltiang [drnclt itself from i

Suc is the cse ecue the interio mlieu which

constut the ethnic rou) hrbo whn he ech-

nic mileu 3 socil subou (e echnal rou)berer of the teneny wch is stinuishe om

other socil roups themseles erers of couer-tenencis eern om oher socl systes A soclcouertenen cosists n cusn he technc ten

ency to "irct to eect, n een to reese sirection in ore t ensure tht he technicl ten

dency os no estroy those ytes constut heinterior ileu whh woud be nvbe wee i f

be exprese wthout ny lmttion whtsoeer Theteneny whch bes te techni roup is ereforeconcretely epressed a technal ct n he encoun

er wi othe socl roups wi ake hod of tsteneny in cusing it o ifurcte

Ts eectio. ts irction the ifrcons

wch e prouce by t nd whch r spc fors

of wat Derrid crbe s dran� (which s so

n economy29 consttutes the relit of the procs ofconiiuton of the technical sem with e soc

sem. hrouh the the ndution o thepsyc sstems nticipe the nd ralze them

1



FOR A N E W C R I T Q U E

ju uh as {ey re ubied o he and nd

hee codond by he.In conr wh hee oev;ve reon of he

neo e howee he echn gou, whch

end o cle the expeon o he echcl en�

decy ep hed whe cored o he ehngr no1T exeey we o ee o he

exero leu

h: e ms I. .J nden of a ur]

meu, wh s nr cposd fe w re d

nils. bt l r eare he objr d d

diRrl h groups.30

T ehncl gup hen wh ue he png

no on (o he ngon [ I;cun of

he echncl endeny whch ohng ohe hn

oem), he needy o obs nd decong o the eero lku h echn �

le nd hogh whh hey e e hed o he

neor eu e eor goup however ed

o el e h hn eu ode o b

be o le h whch n exeror leu, hhged oehg Le-Gouhn deore wh

h exple o he nowhoe doped y he An

bue he le w eong fzn: eve�

1 2



Pbrmacolog a/CpL

thig here s a manr of aragme bw dyamicm.

Te economy ofonibution s the overtuing{renvesemen} ofthe bearih mc-tenden

tchcal decie propr to huma groupJ

d th huma a uch, ad thrat [h huma a

h: th hra the cohiv ctor uYig he

goup Tcha tedce orgiat fom the ehc

gup tl Leroi-Gourha' "techica miu may e

a tep ahead wh compard wih the ieror iut it i o if o ca put i ik h rom o of thi

ito ad in om way by holwing at trior

I Gl accot o ohr had tcha

em ad it dyamic ee to become exterorzed

t dach fom th itrio mil ad to dcorrlatom oca m what Gl dcrb a

diadjutm

h oct of whch l pak ar o logr

thc ad rbal goup th ar mch argr ocal

group (empir poticall ad coomicaly orgaizd ad harch7d cit church to tc) h

oa ructur of whch ar profoudy dta from

thoe of hc grop a wll a big dividd ad

1 3



FOR A N E W C R I T Q U E

dierentated no sugops. socal clsss, economic

secos etcIn these hiechic oets socl grops e in

relon to othe socl gops wth hch thy fom

uny mperl politic elgos ntionl etc) s

hee "ethnic cells hve integted to fom speo

body constting n nteo meu Fhemoesuch hiechicl societies mintin commecl nd ml-

ty eltons ith one othe, ledng to n eteio

mlie tht is moe nd moe stongly "nhopie"

th s technczd: mle o exchngs d oete-

nl commece thogh hih inenton l c

om hich s $Ometim n onomic ste n t othe

tmes ste o

Disadjtment i mifste n the sptil die

entto hch baition indce B i h ony

become pecepte nd constn cto o the socal

dynmc snce the tme o he ndstl revoluton etechncl ysem then end to blnket bso the

soci ystems st o l y nscbing soijit no

mchnes (y gmmzing knoledge hen y shot

cciing Sir-v;vu i he ppts sppong he

servce ndstes n he consmest epoch) contem-poy etculted society gmming socl reltons

hemsels i sdl mitring.

Tee hve y en n l pecedng peods o

1 14



Pbamac D OfCptaL

human sociey, po�ses de-orrlatg the tehnal

sYSe' from the socia systems and the ehnal mehas away exeeded the ntero miieomethng the

Geeks haraterized as a form of hubris. B or the

pt te thond ear ofsedentar lfe and bnzed

ivilzaton uh prowhh dirpt e soca

ystem and the ovea colectve indivdato p�,and which ae provoked b "eaps i the ndividton

of te tehnial ystcm-lwa onttted exeptional

episodes.Disadjstmen ome hron om the tme o the

dstria revoion. And ths bome ven moe the

c a the begnnng of the wenteh e whennusty stggng agant the tedrtia dee n thete o ot systemacaly o a orm o pemanent nnovation whch prCuses te deveopmentof a omeri oie. and whh depend pon the

ystematc and onna tranfomaion o was of life

From that po, not only d he tecn systemno longe eem to b eeted b e ethnic gopasitton whih beg fom the moment the ethn

"ceU became integated wth ote sma "ces

n ode to om a more ompex oal body-ut tsem thogh the tehia tem i ct eape to

a new inteio me wthi ths omplex bd Suh

s e poc of da;�n, a pro throgh wh

1 5



FOR A N W C T I Q U E

socal ysems ease [0 poe he enia e·

dey by deeg nd ndvdtng t. bu ah whch te sol sysems temees ae shor-ed

d lly ds-egted e ehro of rhe

soa

Wth ts oess he eonom sysem oO s de

oeated fom he ohe soa sysems bo thoglzo nd by kg ool of te tehl

ystem, wh s beoes the o of deeoa

zo 'he ten edees o oge ceed fom

o of e teo le, d o loge seeted by

t to the exte ht thr 0 10g�r isI ilf�riormil:

e teial mle a�sg he ool of a ten

cl ystem tse lgely deeo d gobaled

eads o e e d smle dlto o the reo

e, s f r hd bee astedd osoed

Ths amos, te. ro the g of Im

be e dluon o teo les s also e

dsegao of syh aats s well a e

ota eao of lbd ee ad of aaes

o esmet Con and wl Aodng to

he les of geeal orgaology teal mle

sped of he eo me s oess o tehal

ndduaon Sd of e oss o psyosol

ddao d s hee a poess wh etably

beomes eo, ge r:1 s desoyed ts ee

1 6



Pharmacolog ofCnpi!

be-ldal eerg, hich s a necessary condiion

fo every knd of poton-

a give tht technicltendencies ae ctualized in echnical ts which ae the

mteial expession of es tndecies.

Having ched ths sge. the tendential decline in

the ate f pt an ts consumest and specultive

countetendeny, tgethe engende a beaish mc-

tendency hich eventaly becmes unsustainbe: such

is lot In de t overl tbis tndC. i is essential

[cpt� t ecnsttute a pcess indivdution o

the techicl milieu thugh the individain of new

type of inteio milieu (otd by "multudes o

"ll) vi investment in th elatonl technlgies

chacteisic of eticulted societis

T apuc pogm of this hamacology hich

ests on he formton of ne asocited milieus. is the

eonomy of contibuion32

Organolo ofendencies and ofheirtradcv arrangemen

Tee ae tendencies nd coutetendencies ppe toeach he thr ganlgcl levels, t these ange

and tie togethe he tnsdcive elins eween he

hee levels

1 7





Phmclg of Cpit

f psyhi individuals heselves individuae and

diachnically sngulaized hugh e elatin[0

brk (and ecnical endenc) wheeve

heapetc spaces eiving fm he sial lvel make

his pssible

It is hugh these aangements f muliayeed ten

dencies hat tansindividain cesses ae wven

Each f e scial systems is iself nstiued by specic

tendencies which instantiae e dynam f synch

nizatin and diachnizan and which fm is wn

ci ansinviduan

Nevehels with h nw stage f gammai

zan, nw synchniain pcses tha , new

egimes f mea5abilizan ae enabled. Bu begin

ng wih ha gmaiztn cess which enabled

e dsetain f opoe Rws rn enabling

he calculan via machine ols nd the appara

tus f pductin mnagement ad cnceptin and

evenally via e syhehnlgies esaing cn

spin making i pssble t calcuate the fu f

cnsiusne"avalable bain-time e ecnmic

ysem akes a sep eynd a te he sia sysemsy taking cntl he echnica sysem itselhat

is by nlling whih pssibilities ae selected fm

angs ll se nstituting the eninl eld

1 19



fOR I NEW CRITQU

opd up by tchcal tdcs, and by mpoig

avorabl thal ts o to aptal whch tslf mposd o productv captal

Grammazto-that s. phrmcology-s vr

ths wa lso s w pross o daco

otha o dvduato Fad wth th bars

macrotdy drbd h prdg paragrapha marotdcy moutg to a gatve aragmt

o ds sug rom th thr orgaologl lv

w mu ravat a h ltdmr IOlrd tkV-

ion ha so d whh wa tltd at a

a stag o grammat7ao ad va ypom

phfrmlkn, to h cur o css o h sko

and otum.

T( tendenc to ekvaion-"there ar( a t ofalteatives .

o vy stag o gammazto socs ttut

tauc ssm sSm o cr cnq o

ad o wh ottut sprualt ad dv

ot oms om samat mod to astcmodl pasg through chrchs mdc thraps,

schools spor phloph ad v ystm o ub

maon

120



PbnmO/og fCnpitnl

Tese ysem hch are concree expressions of he

tenency

cult

iva

te consistencs.ne:hJ

presp-pose te apparaus of producton o sbsistences w

wic tey compose an troug wic is orme a

negotumwic as commerce s also a caluaion aout

wat oes exist a wat wl exs. Wat composes

togeter ten, is te olm o consisences, e 1rgoti/m

o subsistenc an tat wic constitutes istences

worty of tis nametroug wic a $(o-vi is

forme tat one can caU xsl.

1e economy o otibution is te stimulation of

esre troug te reconstitution o systems o care

foune on conempor phanflm an constituing

a nw commerce o subsstences in te seice of a new

tence

In th coure o histor, hmn societes rrnge,

combie an economIze ous enencies

couer-tenencies wic weae a metaablize eynamic systms h re ome on t: ree orga

noogical lvels Tse rrangemes are forme y

poentiing [otlia/sfmj e tenencies an counte

tenencies occurring at tese ree eels Te ynamic

istorica processs resulting from tese arrangementsare generate rom Ot of te mits o tose wic

precee tem an tey are subsequently transorme

trog te enconer wi teir own imits We live a

1 2



FOR I N E W C R I T I Q U E

such a momnt-to a v gra dgr: to dgr

h v svvl of humnkd s 31 k.Toward t nd o h wntit cnu h

tndnl ll h o po, couacd bycorndcis nessg lbdal n tnd podcd f cojuction ofrh dv-bad dm

of I} pch d Ih spl mdm

ofh coo J. Bu n h w phamacologca

contx cat by dig n(oks f coT 1"g

m cly «oms mgab: on c ma hamdm! 0 tm cJd b comb wit mi-o dci!

s angmens psppos aticlaions btw[ conomc sm ad h psycic appas t boht orgnizaina lv ad pscosomaic lT� claons ar slad at t l o t

chcl ystm by gg ointtos o cnicadces d mo psey hogh h yps othna C i ar n slcd by h omicstm cjOd o h pycic ystm, chcacs whch oncly xpss cnica tndncis hcl dny ha com o b xpssd

chca systm is no a dtminion o moh h dl ll h o pr dmsth nd o cataism-ad t tchica ait is noh dcy bu h c n t or hnd h

12



Phamacolg ofCpila/

endency o�ns vaious posiblies. ad ta i why

[0 {he TINA deology, "ther is 1 uravt." onemus opose he LO arumen "u nrt o! f

Jvts.

edecies ae potenals yi within he ieo

ad om whih posibitie a b seected: they ope

elds o oteona osiiii Posiilii which ae

eleed e hen exessed oncey a ecnicl FJc

u ese e away oiened hough ocial yem

Sia syes on he ohe hnd ae theelves cu·

ey ioved i a sgle o oo1 o olve

ndivduaon eoch s haaezd by he fCt

tha is th oomi syse doiad y cito

capia hat mposs a thnal ye the evoo

of whi i peens as nelucabean iectabity

poedly xedn to the iqdaion no ony o

he sae b o all lo cicj o anvidaio

whch wa he ve ti advoed by che andRea in e 9805 and sill advcated y Sakozy ad

Beloi n he 200s Bt i ealty suh aae

e ae hisoal ad pely otien-wha i

oe thy ae oody ox

23



FOR A NEW CRIT QU

Fom drv-based npnss to he oving of

he ennc

Te ultbal paamete o the recicaJ sytem

whch ed to wa poved o be the cattope of208

wee dected oey by the shot tem. hat s, by tehn

ca ts oganzed and poduced tough maketg-a

maetng whch dene tat ongIm tendences exst:

nothng ote than the make ca de becomng we

ae nomed by th "manageal dogmatsm)) and t

s js too bad th becomng [d!mrj tun out to no

loge have any tue [niT.

'oe agung o and pcy demandng th den

o ogtm eiten and y o tme it (hat

o the nuaon o ngates o eten clam

tha t i ot pobe to pedct te technca utue no

is it possible to bd ay kd o potc wl o bng

t nto ty Bu th dvaung o tcpaton whch

ts ow tems s coadctory to alom o et

me est on a conon opertng be�n tehcl

Ct and technca tendecy

LeoGoua n eect shows that t i etiey pos

be to antcpate echnca becomng on the condtothat we udetand that becomig oented ecou

age ad moved by thl tedences s diacted

ad deAeced nto tecca St whch n te sot

124



Pharmacolog JCpi1

tem can seem pefecty dearly o oay coaic hs

eney U s e cuet of a ve, obsee a avey euce scae can give e feeing of Rowing om

e o wes weeas is n c owing fom wes o

eas. because e osee pOTon being a wipoo

engenes co cuens) inee o uab bock

i (an avaiabe ecique can be uize i oe o

coueac he new ecnue o wc e een is

a bee

Such appaen conacios ae possibe because

enca C ae compomises bewee ecnica

enecies an scia ssems, wic a emseves

ogaizaions esung fom eencies an coue-

enecies consiuing em s mesabe sysmsJ4

e uesion en becomes r know ow a puic

powe ca wiou eucing a soca sems o e

economic sem because is wou be o issove

esie o pue cuabiy) ceae ajusmens ena-ig osrucio o e og em aiipaion

ivesme ec

e ceess enecy subsiuing e mrke fo

commece s cuen omnan a enency esuig

fom a txc cmbnatn fdencs and cu-un�s a e ee ogoogic ves is oxic economy

of egessve enences impemene b consumeism

eecisg e psychopowe of is cuu egemoy

125



FO A N W CR T IQ UE

through [he temediy of ychoechologi, i this

way conols the becomig o divdua ad colectveehavo awel the dyamc pocee o th (ch·

cal sysem. Fom the esulg desucto o circu

of asdividuatio aso rsu the uto of hose

ero mlieus costtug huma gous.

"Iteaizig ,imriorJr") cplsm ad ts

ctoig j oe sll wshes o seak he laguage o

Boask ad Challo presuposs tha h teo

meu h o ee comlely dld-g which

thee s loge y elato u oly ue x

roatio ladig (0 a dived empts Such are

h ysemclly ash cosquces-osqucs

whch clude e oduco o a ims ysmc

sdy3o he tedetia l h rae o o

d cosumet coueNedy

e edecy o crelsss s irucble: re s

o hee ver has � ad hre v wll a aradse o eth Ths is why t s ey o ogz

ecoomy of caessss y culvatg systems o care

whch upose a phrmacoog lgece co

creely essg hs way a a o lg wavg

hepeutc mupes Our epoch is, howve v sigula ul ay oh eoe it b mod rs

ino Ih UtIpincl o/it o2ion. s is wha ca

o oge e edud

126



PhanacologCpal

Suh a h urgy d the hege-gob d

u«m-w od gd ovnurig of (cde the e of gee deed te.

T conomy ofconbutionaa nw r�/on

bW th chnical m and oil stmUe the iu o t«hi di th bo

g of h <h ye- rur the

o drzo hogh hos

«h objt th r hie h

ui rd by 3 ro o etzo hh

rd though th gto o uio r

hogh h ee o o o fod o

ge owhc hu boe urto

G odo yz th oe of bo

g r o o het g: h t

exe h g frm obto the

f), hh o t o o [he ege,

o the obo oded o o the y

e, h he o ds o due c he foe of

th oio of g g h o he hLor ge e h t gie i the er o

he giJ6

Aoh of fo gto h

127



FOR A NEW CITQUE

what Simondo cals th echo-geogphc mlieu asso

cated wih [he Ftiog of a tehal yem.modo devlopd th tho reato to the

Gumbal turb or whch h howd ha Ih marinelme toall tgH o he ege ad

thus beome a asoaed eho-geogaphal mleu

Ohe om o eho-geogphl mleu ext otly aoated wrh he teh tem, u adapted

a a tenqu wh orms an ntermeday bewe

d he geogaphal mleu a whh a uch oma ehogeogaphcal mleu Cosdr, o xampl

coous o a srh o and wokd upo ad

chczd o a a copate a ral work ad

enablg a locoot o be adapd o h ntos o

lad: i his aon, eok ouesa e

c bewee the geogaphcl yem ad the ehl

systmn 190 Philpp Ag and myel put ward e

dea hat the oware du ad dal ework

wil eual cus ssocaed chnogogrpca

milus o a e kid to apper eablg huma geog

raphy to intee wth the ehal sem to mk

non d specal me i olv hak ths eacg;7 collaboatv eholog ad ee

lc sowar et preel o the vorzon ofsuch ssocated huma mleus whch ao cotit

128



Phaltc g oJCapiL

echo-geogaphcal spaces fo e fomao of pose

eees.Ts ocess s a esysemc aoedecy

fomed at he iee of he eccal syse ad

social sysems a opeag a fucoal iegao

bewee heu whee hs iegao s howee

o ecessaily beeal: s highly ph!macologal

ad hece fo example soa eoks ae leay aso

coeced o pcesses of auromaed aeably se

io moio by acios ad eqss ha ewok aos

mosy poduce whou ve owg r bu whh

of o hos wo obai hs maro a ew rype

of powe

Hee, e efae beween he echcal sysem ad

soal syses dos o opeae via he ecooc sysem

but pecisely hugh hose soc syses whch e

beaes of e kowledge (avoirs] whh socey hold

Such foms of owledge ad he alozao ae he

oly possibilies we have fo sugglg ags he p

dco of fomao wihoutowledge Deelopg

such foms of owege ad valug hem ecoom

cy will case a ew ecoomc sysem o emege

fom he hea of he soal sysems ad especghese soc1 sysems mas cosiug a ecoomy of

cobuo contr he eoomy o aelessess

129



NOTES

FoI

N Ciiq ofoliil EooyIio"

" I T� Onpf a do� in T«mqtt t Tts3:L es du ia ' qin - (Par Gle20. A sumay n on n POp/�r pdl,wth El ung {Pa Gllc 4}, pp 74

2 L 7hiq T.

cg f pt1 A pW lbl o A Ina r: p/

naog2 p/-yoava8l3 Can Fa n na

Srcer,Prm

fniI k. Q prp d' (P mon 9)

" n A Go5 An ol b ny [ m np y na

o n o Hann An , 10pi pol o anyng «onom

S�Jy Rkn 7EdWo: btD/h Gb Ft d I DJ /� Po-M r (Ne

Yok Pn Books 1995 An Ml or. "Prceo k F dl v an o a D 26

130



Nou to p�s 2022

7 Dominqe Mda, Lt Tmvil. V /tur l voi disprj-,io

(Paris: Aubier 1995).

8 d; Go, Maorps d l Ciqt I sokOoqut Pas Cm 2004 I Englsh. of &oomir Rton. s Tm�r d C. Hddt(LdonVe. 1989).

9 Aell on nd Mio Lo InJ "p (Pa: A[erd. 2008

10 McKeze Wak. A H:k" Mo brdgeassachst: rvrd Uvt1rS$, 200

I I Peka ae 1 HuJ fr: A &i APPNch / 'os] fB Nw York Rdo oue. 2002

2 The w [ of work s 1s hI o ew dewhch i chnrcmst o [he splons o yr e

ro ! arued

4 t Ot I d asFlo 2006 ha e doSrao o rch UL-

dn aa T CE Coa Premr Epo a bon) w a ele a pro� [ecoo bewn work and jo: o ll eploe5 work no a ob codve h qstio addlope o owlde ad erew. o dda

o pr web yu e a plc foro se a rducer o O Clr

wost job ! ,h epMl w big po� Idivdao s o ,h cor- w wor bdml pt jfoe ded 'wo(Or 1(;O ;n t wo odt o t 1

b ot kow/t ofit ow wo o e exe[! aced go he «d wea e er co. of has beco od ore a e of we ody o oe ecd [0

he e pe eploe: hs s w r ro he

1 3 1



NOES T PAGS 2 -3

p3d o disocae mlu, ea ch is itel th t

oeqene o the gaaio f g and modeo outn in the dstrial reoio oiss�(Tlfi OUrt a dmn. pp 44) I will e

t eo in oe deal hr on1 It s thi 3t l" th31 Imuel Wlletein s pera

veloked i is rerne 10 he he o ye4 r t 1 dere he egve dna o hi eution n

PO j /« mkiSI

1 5 Tt � ay, thc ce n te xed pial poee mas pouto) the cresodin derase \'able pa (wage la hi Ma o e heel! o a d te poay ofnvstme

1 6 Bead Stiege oom d 1 , phO

E;s (IC J V/ BOu (i:Ml une ui� 208)

17 O tV st

1 Jerem i 7t Ag o Ars: N er oHm Wr L Is /(New Yok: nm, 2), p 9

9 K] M, CobI f q ooc! Eooy

. . Ranznay (Moo: Pgs Pblshes970 1956

2 Ib p. 197

21 Gy Deod 7) S o k a Doldcolson-ih e ok: Zone Books 199 p 9

22 Je Dcda m"O an Baba Jonn

{Chiago Ccago Uney J98 ' l pp 61-17.23 Ge ele nd Flix a,A"-d Re

Huley, Mark eem, ad ee . Lne (Mneapoiery o Minesota ress 98 p 1-5

2 �[AJ eoy of wod (m nd lnge a eo f

132





NOTES O PAGE 4 - 6

Bakhtn's daog Iho s c 10 Smondonian

conon of nusc nviduaion: no chongsticnvdon c tk plc o a cog n :ilinguisc ndivdution.

35 Minas /, p6 p 88,36 On sofdsnomy� n or to q e dc-

dynamic uh ut b niv xtealiti

b nvronmen ddr w a 1 d yconomc aCto ut hc hs frlu th gneconom

37 e o nok be on the web 2.0 are pded bysocil nineig and y dopms in what s lld hsc web most mous nn of wh s Faok,wh n Agt 2008 pased 6 mllon mm ra hw, a s of hr dmnsion to hs gial"relaon I«noo" { ond of te Enmi nouwu inUm'l, ogz b &IUpu tltin t and Pompdou J r I'nnltn, on th sbjectforhcomin fm Mille e une n

38 Sv stud have ghted ts one in pai· dt e of on DV onlden nd hr ea of�I a sd by Frtc

Zimmmn and mit hriss a Unvesy ofWinon. On t sje s Srle, T;"K ( fY n ,h Gns 1r Sp Bakr (Srd:

Sanfod Unvs 010) p 5

T ork

I Maio to shows vey w ow hs "imo f Itfwg CsiI h vy ht of h pojecto govnm of n!; in whc ollsm

13



No top/ 450

niaUy d s :H h V momn whnm idolg aund which wod havc lv Iha

vey ogn apim rpnibl for poranng Ihc Mknwf� [HJ. a Jn-Fn� LyouUd m. od n Fa b md 1 so now-"g e- o I Go d� n.Ci'ur ri "lb/ (Pari: Amcrdam 28)

Mk dt I. 10.

j Maio L1rn P,;sl l·Ot PhDr omqr d Gabril Tm cl Jomr p(s: L Epchc dt Ou n rnd 00 and uCOIJtmrl igalitb. h ay p'd 2002,

L7ar. wh .f 0 Gbrd dTdt, �inglarly k'Sh qion o hpn wh whh p would be possi, an, a10g wih ypomnt. hOV h '1in y� Iha abl Ihe oo h pnio. wll h rlrnza haiy obais , boh on he K o podonand on a o oon On h and n dei h o hi prolaition and e S5mo! aagmen of naiis wh : w, no t c-

con n bns. o omiion tn noy o e, no o wo b mry o mpoymn

4 Yan Moe-Bong, hm ng o, e O h i pam i L 1uw fads (Pas: rdam

5 Himann H Eh.

6 War. A Hk Ma7 Mor-Boang, u pm "t p 1998 On hi qesn a Gd and r PJr ti

jr�' 9 T Jg Ih of dace \ h og

135



NOS TO IA GE $-

o Bakht Tu, rm doc d

8"' mO.0 -&omJ" p' d �· ·Eonom%ing mn5

g c� the ile o a minar I gav the sprn o00 at th CI, ia d,hi,as a o [htorec acvities oA Idwials n auIo eoi iaailab at .indwtrasorg

1 Coi and o, ;nsi p 1 2 1 1 2 b p 111 3 R. 7/, Eldo/k "ution1 JMar Andr L t / f v r iH

a, ma KiN n qu, ag (Pars: ]UF1) p m.

S Mkrilt t ddf I ae tht he oti sol ass

io he ofi at oly ifrily. d heroe i a�

briK]i/rt16 o d Lo. m t«a p. 122.17 o. Gmd ialrt. 418 h Roud. -Prfc" fORik L F u i1 9 O te cneps Ti,om, i2 Ths[ ooc d hsorl s a� ve diref

e thouh O on co thm e specl, pp27). my do ay Fordm h othg10do w -ulton or sibuio. ad i pood no ·i pope·t unioly itr prduio d osummao db ine onsuei Ke}nesini o h ohehad. epn a compomi bw pia and a

a tha5maons o the rfion bwn apld labor c be md lr enogh bu om ha id ot olo ha he hould on on he COt l to distigush thm in ord t ndstd hohyb combied d nal hw fhycdecompo

136



No opg�J 6-6

2 Te dnia o Ihe e:moloia scop of sychanlyss y

Svi p�hol and. mr bradly by Sali�t aristtogot th wold is intrincally d to is qioTs i I cotCI w deofNouwJk ;q"�,in A dios Wo b ie r LNou ir 10 ta a deae been Marxist ads)Y5� I. Youn commun pcianundd h on o e ov omd ho y

condmn i intprmOiJC1 f p§a A Marxi analysis o hs sitin i akingK NOIr ur n

[ v : tis demotan in Cmli"JEr Ufp" (Paris: a. 5 pp 2

23 lss of i5 er sinly ler. 5 inpailar pp 1 oLr COfHm ialh

GUav FlaI.

lsri�2S Rd B aca, aK. s Trxi

(Lndon: otaa, 19, p 4 k mdt but L (p d ibr

ar Gali 5 2 Taing t /Yoh G.28 Ja-aud ilnr. Lr Sit W L t r

t ' Cl I' Xmt Pas i, 7 Mo"c t < I.

0 If mon om of ammazon and o tia ro o ial qton i 1uge su o i [ rona matery for p I m coin [ ro y h yan n

ay a Jon L's pape mon d in rn y tFc Rev si1 Tis is on o t mpostae Je i Rey's Lt tm Pars Osl&-d Ber 2002).

On i qion s (n-Frn\s Lyoad. 1,)m:

1 37



NOTES ..CES 6-

R1r t" T tn G Bnnngon n ch

wlby rdge Polty 99)2 H a n�w Cdg f Lyd' J( POltmod COdi"wu : s Gonnion and Bian Mm(Manc Mnch Unv) P. 1992).

Pamacoog of CaptaadEoomy of

Ctibti

JnFra;o yrd LbdJ £r (loomgn nnaaoli ni ni P, 1993

2 A Insiais. an non sciion n ind1 o «log o r: hp:wnr

"' T ofn eble : hwnuispur-nom a-rb o]

4 pp6an 84 In hsn hich I tak hs em,5p 2f6 Th ndenc fco itl s w 10 c l

to n i not 10 nt th r n ord,a requetly oble, m nlh owe

7 Sp48 I t appc this them o",� i n h t nsance

cg aus ngne oue, in M I d dn dhn ;Itli Pis G20 5 othing n Engh nson m Poi)

Pes Prot de u�e of th wor n h wok Sr l«u ( Ate Sd 1988), p . I m5 tnk lGRr hi renc

9 lW Xpr« ry by Pul Mazu. bn5 row Bas, i A Gor in u01&

13



Nol 10pag

Nw Yok ngn 007), 94 Mazu dd: �Wt shift Ami o a n die ulr I. ./«p rmU[ b ran r Wl ne ng ebfo the old hav bn eniey onsumd�

10 s of rutu with wh Go drb aa·men in errg 10 t hy o John Bowly � A Gosu/t t RrI.

1 oln and Chiaplo 7 he onene thi Rex-

ibili h or coul li.2 I have Hd ho how Ihs d$tuin cus in Tn1'S

Cr of Ylh Id Gtio ns. hn arke(Stand: an fod Un'ey 2010).

3 On this subjt 5: Fdck J Zimmemann imiti Ahrit nd ndw N. Mchwl Tiin and DVVido Viing n Chdn Youngr hn 2 Yers," Arc

PJria Adum Mlr (7), pp 47:and Diitri A. ritki erik J. r Ia.• ly vision E and Sbsqnt Anoa/Pos n hldn Pr (4) pp 83

4 S pp 3 8. and 15 L Boltanski and Ev Cho N prt f

Cptm. ts goy Elio Nw Yok nd LndonVerso 2005) p 10 [ ae tried o show in M«rilt

Jit 3 L pu u ept (a Galil 6)

why Boansk ad Chao i o g de a suh conomy and why hy at h sam imef1 ( dece theconsums dina onomy and h im 1 whih it[ds n paiular, thy l o anal Ih o the q

idation o t pparlus o poin o libidal enrad oe gly of t pyh ppas in lin Ihsoal nd symboi ppI, hen thei dciption o thxibly o aciv aions acks conseun

139



NOTES TO PAGES 86-1 08

6 h is b th bd nomy s ponna and

u� pial is an rnitn the pdn f proei a capas s :n poh f libdinal em17 MaWebr. 71� Pt £lJ aI/ Spirt Cp

(London Unin 1930 p 7118 Ts s h Phlipp Bd and Fnck Cmrs I) to

ink udr hclC. 1t/ f/C �Vlur soci", 10wich rms jon Ie qusn ofon moto.

9 is poi s d\X furth in MU t I. pp95-07and 2-4

2 Te wae of suicid cmied b mp' rHJ&m i th t eali dsrucion of tappau f nnovaon d poducton.el yhindivds w wom thre is nin

2 rtd Gille. Hi;" m; (Pas imad97 p 77 "I is no gr a matt o udenuncin echnll p in s reali (. 1 of

aptn wlny hat crs in te chn domnad et a hion e nc adap[ns domains, h economicawll a e miliay dmaie nm ogzH

22 The nsductiv atin is a cncp! ad b iltimndn a tnsui ren he term of tio ar tit[ed thrh the latin. :nd do no pdth an

23 « p 402 S p 7

25 On Mkisf,

Chistan au Aain Gird ndBrnad Siler POr tir nU 1 mkislu smmarn. 29) pp 2

26 O Is sut. the A Idumais semnar, Trd 0 ,: hp;asindrasog



Nom tag 0817

lesinarruverde-nouve-areco;nra

nal-de-phlooph 7 S p 37 n Bd tele a r dui:I�RdHlmt, I /0: l' pn', (l I ppuldt (as Fammao. 2(06) pp 495 orcomig i Egs trsao om onuum

28 5 d l-Goura. Mil r mq (Pars bnMicl, 1�45).

29 Se Jaqu rrda. ·Dranc MS of 1/Opb(ag Uver hag 1)

3 oa Ml h p. 334.1 dence :e of play o wO fo

py fo$ and bolol foe n s bj. iS Tc J: FI Eprr. Gcrells and Rchd Irdwrt (Sanfo andniy es I9tl e endence ar exdacr all huan groups and i hs sne }aC uvcAl gos r em b c go conc hem ir o wy sy at is by idvdg hemin a spic y ad by didug ms og

3 Tis oomy mt � noduc bu, efr otereao the d o crlzd wor-- lecomuon ug the lehon eer of distbuionof ener thug te c ceer, o prodio anddson g yig ceracg 1 te mof con5u!oa been rogu and ha ien wayto ribuive newrks n ver many domains. n foas o pure raonalty As far the onoY of enes CnCe1 r e:ple ntrat del hae 'eunanble e conom e o mng bdcto e"ok. u a eremy in prdicd. as e

41



NOTES I AG - 8

onbu poduto of gi [0 nduc,

mki il nw nftul wl ld-rrcT Iaa ei � Jlm

(M.

33 s noon of ngJ om co" fom Pnd. i lmnium Munt, L�mpt l Im

(Pa: M C un n 2073

m{bl m is a dymc syem a lmiof bu d deqiu. d GUb Sondono ht : os o nd'iduan con a daicysm rula« hruh c a ili lbShondn L1iuDI ydJqlr if cD/l (aAb 207), thcomng i Elh ta51ain rovy of MnO; Pre

5 Se p. 36 Gib mn 01 of ,U( n bj t«

nl (Pis: A 9). pp 3, oomi igh l!on o n\ o Mt P

We wkd hen wth n Gid nd o h devopeaion of Ihe Bibliohq Naol de Frac t a

i o dopng o for adig d y compuW

14



D E X

abon 2 48 50pion

or ption 82, 1 03emo 7 6

Ado TKor %

A&�ri, Fnck 6Agl Ph 8Ail�g\ Jn-:ua 20uv; 23 ",mll/j 29 <Ade, Jt-Maic 5nii�ton S 781,

. 1 ,2

Ar

A boiK Mi 5af fo 51 t ilis 5 5

5 0 8 2-

mo g of882

uby, 3in 0

d'a cpogaiio of I I

AnLUoa! nua pling 33automt 3 5

Sakh ikhil 1Ih. R

E 5"Ms r�

Bl� GC 5 n

by )w 125l unrin iFion 2-9

s dlda 48Inu} d h IrtlU1

3hni 8 12-5

Bgu 5-8l hn n 78bndiu 20 22 52 5 8

jm. Wt 3Bpon Hnri 1Bni. Si·;o Bnad Caud 10)Bna. w 28N Gio 5bi 3 nf 0 05

tk L, 7 NtUI Sprit !Gpil"um 85 2

ri!iipp:e fh 2JO prj 8

143



I NDEX

BWDn \s 3"r97

Jcu�ly 5 I 5 - 8.93, 125

iIclious n. 78 79-8 8

7--. ' . j17 J

r 7 0 �mucogy r7-Citis

Arcan 7 G�rch�i $r or9big-maa o

92-ni ulUW

<"-7oim (r 0-b o-7 616 69 74ribse 589 62- 97idwni nerz 6Ma Eg o 25 go t

a ) 7nqive yac in 5

- s prOen;O poducn

pr 70ict450hrh 89 _ 0

omft S$e 4 5. 7 1

120 1 6(sn

en of 9

144

talil;o (87-9 9 molog' cpi

791 25-i 3. 102 1

e R 55c. hni' 1 1 7Cia. Eve N w Spirt /

tms 85 2Ch Ja 2c-Indivuatio

100 171 - 1 H:sutS 43C01l�'

cor1 wh kl 1,4. 61{).

di 4-2d cmlir. 13 4

e 15- 14 21oo -9mmbn GOC MlD Ma ad

I p 2wOU\e oh1;o" 25

,7 %, e 10>8 J0 1]oser

raned 2 78.

Os of e 6 8 16, 2 6J 7

7-, - 1078 1 1 5

12end o47 22- 5} ,1

onSLt; I Sun fI'ir-

f i/ 27



glmnz:uio or 1 1ad L ratn 10 di 2

1.65 824 21 125 88: apJkQ/ os wJ pduo 4.

- 0 90-1smls liy 5

empegn:nal t o rOj� spc 5

rbt. tonmy o J ,-0 6 (9-072 111 22

co/o (>Clc 0-1 4 6 626 88

Cu' Aonl 2 , 1-254.56

�rvY 7 16t 6 80 94 106crq

dcfo a 1 5K 1 9oa conomy

d mphy 5 or oom

1 -19 3 00utue d 56

5.6s. A 71 "w f

2m 6

Dbrd Gy doSTo IS 9 36DUC Gls i·Oip

323

lue.\·

degain 1 10 DridaJq

dT 1 I 1

OG! 29�Pl' 2 6

dso o4. 84. 8

3-6 106o cosmpio 2

1 65 12 1 ddo ev

xes 570d'sulmatin 40 2 59.

6-icniro 1 1 -2dbo' (Ikhin) 41dh 1

itl twrk 2 ow" of3U 1 2,18-9

l tel -50 4 7

7o . 1dl! 135(io 31-

scoom 6, 7mt 50 6-

67S 9qlbm 10ddo 31 37S 414

6ds 7-B 1 6

8ispbili}0 H a , 4950.

8 1 1 5-6mmnst 01

nn Nico! 65

145



I NDEX

dC 40 59-G 8 2eumpo �d aal

12 82 8S9, 927

mc ris (8) 3-7. 22-37 n-9 9-3. 102 14

"e�oo l�(Schp<N) 8 87

:onom tm3nd pyhic 223 o y 8

\8 67 'nd :hnl sr H2

6-8 2 1 9-22'm. aud philoo

2

eonm 17-8o o conihtlon ItiM ecooy of

m ofs,"pronO economy o

ion ytm eon 2-emlout, a m qUCon

51-

Enuu Crine74neg, idina ibdn3

eeEngel. Fri�h 2- 28

uml"';s, Mio 8crpe 87

pi aption67

-7v dlo 49

7 9- h p no ml

9- 4

146

e 6xi 1 24

ad mleu 2 4ei7ion 9 27 2

feo a knwleSI'a10 29-3 ,

Cmateq;ativ 4 7 2 2-o]v ara(lgic

49-. 2an di\idu�

49

:"au lvi ni1iion 8 9

futo 2 H 9-6 8

Fbu\x y 6exby 8}Forsm 2-4 GO t-oul.Md 29 4renh goernmn

mo)me poliy 2-'d inlunr ,pd�

-"

nvcmen poic 45eud gmund 28 74 7

8894Fd� M 22ftoal iegion 278l sbili - 8.

07 24

Gaulism 9

enaon tr.Sdvd�to589

sUi5t



ir Band 98 9 1 0 1-15

gobiion 7 J 6od [e dh o94Go Andr,M'rau

il20\'enaJ o m om o

5 1 , 9-8 01m�tizin 11 1

1 14a oor[on bwn b/"

ndsrio a of13 0-

io of48-50ew for of 1 1- 54

9-0

aphmog 4-4 0 9-0n5for feishs 41hch hoi

nddu�on -9gnmt (retntona g) 0 t 73 9.

1

Cspan, An 4oan. n 3 6Guari lx AmOdp

-

Mhk eh" 8H:chu Amnd lG

hi iei« I I3-1Hmn Pcl 48rsan Ae 5onion omo eoomc Horkhm. Mu6

Ix

'brs 1 1 5Hum/il. L'4

UKr Fn 8hypridria e 01 33-

1 141hprma YP"W(IU 9 - 4

4554hypmc mlu 3yn 3. .J6

ident!on prir 8}

idelg 920 1igr [e idvidato 1 -1

1

caed � o48-501ychc ad oliv

48-0 . 90 99-0 10 1 -1 5 1 1

of ree -8!«a44 11

ivida;o (cOni)Jr Ils oidiidaton

dnddoninido

inuial onomad an bomin 1 1noopoiia of eoy 1

ieto 18ndui moollaS of osol4 -

55 8cnser OsmeSn

ndul poii w 101

147



INDEX

l oon 0 j-3 67 98, 1 14, 12

if'plcC) 44 83nnion ofd:ir 43, 82

869, 68nnovaon

nn i Saion 0(82

ad «I�ion 14 9,

92. 02nidr dn iUins 108hU 289nrrilu 19 1 31

11 J26nton 1, 2cc

mn S 6irnionl lw Om: n:o 7-dNo of, 69

17 6 24n t·P o Qnom 6, 6

1 17 22

rC on 76-s: l 67u pol

opn. on 2

nt. ane, Clq(#/U"R 8

ians 0, 9, nowg

crioriio 1 (29-3"

i\ w 19

148

I ypomnK 3� c .6roliaion los o

3- 4, 4S-. 560,6

and c1ntion; time 69Ih� 3. I1r·f;r. SiNI

LTrJqrk til) I

od;nn ond h qin

fduion 1mation o 8oycdtmine hy h ml (f

on 1

a rl pt 4or o.cr 38-9. 40whu kowed 43 46

a�mc knowlede D rng ictzon of Row f 101.

1-

nd idi'idon78

n 3bw

ad oio 690on "kng W 0 2.

Mauo 2-2 47,1 . 5, .56

L-Gu A 01 1 1 13 12-

lidn ono 2S 27 S6.68. 9 18. 1 8

f 4 7



lbdl e 25. 40. 6 91 89. 824. 86

8 90 2. 10 1 17n: �pp rduoof%. 108 122

l Ih 10lit pg to he 50

76 %. 117. 121lg 1076

f h t� 1

I 1 tu Cil 34Lyma J-F"s hr

l'T,m Oit;w 71

achne-s 3 7 m�n: 0

1 1 2Mauf. ad 7 78 liH 6 '2Ma. Hcn rkt o mark!ol 3 7kg 60. 62 82 889

01 9 8 11 101!hn tcS ;d a

u 9101M K 1 8 35 88

Cp" 39. 7Qmisr M I . 8.

"

ib ti I N /'Poirl &J 1 2267

G UK 1Gi 3

Indo

edcq of C of pl 10 87 7789

17. 0 60 7mM m 67 101Ms t Mk( (Sgl) Mb. Dmiqu 20M�f6mcmc 1mem'

\criouto f l

hypm �n na1eJe5io j ] , 79

icrgr.io )Upp, f

v ppu� dad Z-O

: a clr!· 11mmy (ont.)

oli loo

j,S

mhsi

ad q d«OItaion ob;o 1180. 11mid d� 6

S RIboe pbi

Ml JCI 6 69mi

fh J4 hpmsi d

ni lso 1 7lo if

h 2

149





lii1 st 36uk f nique I I

v. phy 9 36. 4Pbo

J9 1 3 290, , 6ad h lei�t

cnmydn I53 riqu 1 169.

3670{iry Dv

1 1as wy u oaiig

r.Jii·io () )!� w l 6-7 14ii

dve·l63h w 8-J

poulm 41poto 73-4(ufnIV m/ iWc

(SitgeJ 74pwel 9

P, : c of or 4>i Ih din br 1 xn wk m

diin 8 h -m

"rtzon of I I 1

rltio wt p 42, 50 90-1

r 65. 69

rhy nd tiiy 9

Ildrx

ad oft nlc 9 97 retu n 767

e l the te of2. 5960 8 7519

y 4 86rinz

i ;\ 01 25 27-8 5

"Cnio o7 10-4; 10M onwl 33 79

6069oil u y

cosus 6-5oe r t 4

(rijJ' (ro.)w om o 1: 27d hr] �0o 4ctia ri

iti 1 1 . 21ro]cit

dii 40avilrks

7-8

he impn d 8Shg o th 4'bto Ihc 8-36. 35ri fWI alds9

rpmy 2 1nw jct of pl SOi3 55

8 66 9-6 1067 13

<oo670. 78 818-68-9

Pou M 71

1 5 1



INDEX

",p�rinion orhe 4

tion 10 infy9SpC :ppa -100,

04 G17nd �oom sytem 122

ho 6psypowc 4 50650.

98 I 2SG

Reja;q, N:/I ofLAbr40

ro 6 Ra] U 9 1 l )'em 0 6 )

h, lpd piwle

ivlm 00pnhiy 50 9 9inte U

rena �ondr ta' 1 2 lOG

eten Komy 6

cu, dg 0

cv 49pemnnt 0

jeemy 21. 24 26

RMh S6Ro�dl FO 9

nki. JMh 7\ 4ky. Nl 6 2J$wi"ir 6 2 4 42

4

152

Si'" 1 W 44 4 1 2

$tumcter OKph 90"o ia 5cdc1taz 1 2 1 1 5�If

oution bysrJO I

Iniq ote (FouC)5 1} 2

bit meanc lur n65

vkeono. hypcindut5 4 5

hehe man�Jcnt 2 3

homm5, 0 6\81-4 86 89 8-9 .

56 12 7 24Smonon Gt 3 2 545 IOO 2

t A 4 c� 1 40wd engieein 1 1 4soa injuske eomic is

-d 6

sa kngsoia retons

fnHtin o 1 6idai o0

i: embmnf24. 16 12n h ystm 1

2) 1 24 12«hni )'5! nd mkein

< 2epy)6 0Wt pow



Spgi Abt peuo 6 9- 77 788

4 9 2 02. J07117 ad innvo -

iit (Wer8Stli 6-sate - 99-10 3

Nalc 99JUI/Q wr �

�i pa 7sbiin 0 . 6 1

7. 120 �yhron 1 I 1systemc pidty -50 126

Tlm 88�hnil bl"

im) hl yr 1 1 0

ad ecomsym 82 02 9-22

od ph 58ad al S 10-

1 5 1279

al ad arketg9-1 02cnc: tden

nd nm of conibun 137, 8

haal f 1 -t'C 36t!nlgy

mek 1 3 spri

tcprJliw al 556 93rs t

IJd�x

ad contr·tndn< 4

756 7 1 09 1 ].22oolo o 1 7_2veUr f 12-a peals 13 caens 78 1

e tio 1 1 706

a h d poiizto

'Yuin 9-1 Th, Maa 73 7 99

l O 13hiC 6 43-4 0 00-

13 1 7 1 1 1 12"igin 3. -9

pJoy 6r 5-6ua 5u:N t

mmdi.i 27e: oia 00li. 4

o {ermine -inal an e6

erm eu I t

pluti nsci-,66

p( oii

do l1 ti 61fal� pe;

rl)l St;liit 60-

153



N D E X

lxid)parmaogl 5. 49-50. 9

84 88-9 IO . 15opro -9

I�( 2tJ tilhip }4-5.

0 08 17-0nsih'idution . 7 4

4850. 93 0. 8-1926

ofge(t\� 58-9ong o5. 5 7

9 0 2on-J 5 38-) 4

57- 60. , 7tsaobjet 4 7

t a id ('�0 4lh rb, rmnlc uf

29TyDi D 3

mS

«noog90Va JcqC 10\oi 48 49-0 7

1'gc h

Wark M(nm2 , 48

Weber, Ma 8 87. 9w Sa 95, 97-8i Inmao 7 9"

16

wok G- -7o 2! 3. 55-th ·J o2

I fr cmUco u ew 22a 'k c37-

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Stiegler_For a New Critique of Political Economy