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Behaviorism. Stimulus ->. -> Response. What’s inside the black box?. ?. Stimulus ->. -> Response. Behaviorism. Simple Associations: Push gas (stimulus), car goes (response). Information Processing. Let’s build a model of what goes on under the hood when you push the gas. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Stimulus ->Stimulus -> -> Response-> Response
BehaviorismBehaviorism
Stimulus ->Stimulus -> -> Response-> Response
What’s inside the black box?What’s inside the black box?
Behaviorism
Simple Associations:Simple Associations:
Push gas (stimulus), car goes (response)Push gas (stimulus), car goes (response)
Information Processing
Let’s build a model of what goes on under Let’s build a model of what goes on under the hood when you push the gas.the hood when you push the gas.
Cognitive Revolution!Cognitive Revolution!
Assumptions of CognitivismAssumptions of Cognitivism Learning involves changes in your mental
representations - doesn’t have to be a change in behavior.
Observable behavior is still important for studying learning in a scientific way. But now we are going to make inferences about the hidden mental process that may be affecting the behavior. I.e., we’ll make theoretical models about what’s “under the
hood,” propose theories based on the models, and then put the theories to the test.
Let’s Be Cognitive Theorists!Let’s Be Cognitive Theorists!
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What Are Effective Ways of Learning?
Advanced ideas
Factors Influencing Memory
Model of Information Processing
Sensory Register
Working Memory
Long-term MemoryAttention
Control Processes
Association,Meaning
Recall
Internet as a metaphor for Long Term Memory
UT site
My web page
Sid’s web page
Internet as a metaphor for Long Term Memory
Information A
Information B
MemorizationDeep understanding/
Personalized knowledge
Elaborate, organized network of knowledge
What would I. P. Theory have to say about this situation?
Advantages of a Rich Network
Information will be stored more effectively in long-term memory so that it will be able to be retrieved in the future.
You won’t forget it immediately after the exam!You will create a flexible knowledge structure
that will allow you to apply what you learn in complex, real-world situations (i.e. “transfer”).
Imagine that! Being able to actually apply what you learn!
What Metaphor Can You Come Up with to Represent
Effective Learning?My Examples:
Effective learning is like a website with lots of links.
Effective learning is like seeing the picture instead of the individual dots.
Implications
“It’s all about the network”
The network can include the following:Prior knowledgeOther new ideas Personal experienceEmotionsSensory representations (auditory, visual, kinesthetic)
The network needs to be:Integrated
Connected ideas/experience; cross-cutting themesElaborate
Many connections; crisscrossing the landscapeOrganized
Big ideas; patternsMeaningful
Personalized connections
“It’s all about the network”
Bad Studying:Psychologize = blah, blah, blah
Transformative Experience = blah, blah, blah
Ideas = blah, blah, blah
Good Studying (brace yourself):
Newton, Mozart, etc.
Dewey
Map Analogy
Explorers
The Map
Teacher
Student
The curriculumGuide to
Experience
Experience
Instruction
Dead Poets
Society
Trans-formative
Exp.
Art“Classics”
Enrich Exp.
“Ideas”
Model & Scaffold
Metaphor
Re-seeing Psychologize
Sugar Coat
Motivated Use
Expansion of Perception
Expansion of Value Your
Experience
C.P. Context
Past Classes
Concepts
Building Integrated Knowledge Structures
“Crisscrossing the landscape”To really get to know a city, you should crisscross it
from multiple directions, modes of transportation, etc.Applied to learning, study the same content from
multiple:PerspectivesRepresentationsDirections
Learn content in an integrated way with crosscutting themes.
Building Integrated Knowledge Structures
Dewey
Goals
Prior Kg.
Role of Individual
Instruction
Behaviorism
Information
Processing
Let’s revisit our initial ideas about effective learning. Have they changed?
Make an updated list of effective and ineffective study strategies.
The True Power of Learning is Unlocked When We Teach
Students to Monitor Their Learning and Use Effective Strategies
This is know as fostering metacognition.