Strange FruitStrange FruitSouthern trees bear a strange fruit,Southern trees bear a strange fruit,

Blood on the leaves and blood at the root,Blood on the leaves and blood at the root,Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze,Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze,

Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees.Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees.

Pastoral scene of the gallant south,Pastoral scene of the gallant south,The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth,The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth,The scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh,The scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh,Then the sudden smell of burning flesh. Then the sudden smell of burning flesh.

Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck,Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck,For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck,For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck,

For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop,For the sun to rot, for the trees to drop,Here is a strange and bitter crop.Here is a strange and bitter crop.

Strange FruitStrange Fruit

Written by Abel Written by Abel Meeropol – Lewis Meeropol – Lewis AllenAllen

Inspired by Thomas Inspired by Thomas Shipp and Abram Shipp and Abram SmithSmith

Made famous Made famous

by Billie Holidayby Billie Holiday

Gilded Age Gilded Age & &

Progressive Progressive EraEra

Lesson of PurposeLesson of Purpose

Review problems Review problems

of Gilded Ageof Gilded Age

Understand the Understand the Progressive ResponseProgressive Response

Defining “Gilded AgeDefining “Gilded Age

Gilded Age:1865-1900Gilded Age:1865-1900• ““gilded” – to cover with gilded” – to cover with

a thin layer of golda thin layer of gold• Time of corruption, Time of corruption,

greed, poverty, weak gov. greed, poverty, weak gov. overcrowded cities, etc.overcrowded cities, etc.

• Industrialization, Industrialization, immigration & immigration & urbanizationurbanization

Defining “Progressive Era”Defining “Progressive Era”

Progressive Era: 1890-1913Progressive Era: 1890-1913• Gradual movement towards Gradual movement towards

something bettersomething better• Response to the Response to the

Gilded AgeGilded Age• Political, EconomicPolitical, Economic

& Social reforms& Social reforms

Main IssuesMain Issues

1.1. Poor working conditionsPoor working conditions

2.2. Consumer fraudConsumer fraud

3.3. Unfair business practicesUnfair business practices

4.4. Political corruptionPolitical corruption

5.5. Environmental degradationEnvironmental degradation

The “Progressives”The “Progressives”

Reformers; people Reformers; people

fighting for changefighting for changeOrdinary white Ordinary white

middle classmiddle classAccepted industrialism Accepted industrialism

& urbanization& urbanizationStrong belief that Strong belief that

reform NEEDEDreform NEEDED

The “Progressives”The “Progressives” Roosevelt & Wilson - Provide Roosevelt & Wilson - Provide

leadership for Progressive causeleadership for Progressive cause Roosevelt’s CauseRoosevelt’s Cause

““The Square Deal” :The Square Deal” :

1. Regulate business1. Regulate business

2. Consumer protection2. Consumer protection

3. Worker’s rights3. Worker’s rights

4. Natural resources4. Natural resources Wilson’s CauseWilson’s Cause

Economic policyEconomic policyClayton Antitrust ActClayton Antitrust Act

A. “Fighting Bob”A. “Fighting Bob”

Robert La FolletteRobert La FolletteProgressive governor WisconsinProgressive governor WisconsinLater become Rep. SenatorLater become Rep. SenatorFought for progressive reformsFought for progressive reformsNickname – “Fighting Bob” or “Battlin’ Bob”Nickname – “Fighting Bob” or “Battlin’ Bob”CausesCauses

Expand democracyExpand democracyIncrease gov. efficiencyIncrease gov. efficiencyProtect natural resourcesProtect natural resources

B. Muckraker Ida TarbellB. Muckraker Ida Tarbell

Ida TarbellIda TarbellInfluential journalist of Influential journalist of Progressive EraProgressive Era

Defining “muckraker”Defining “muckraker”Expose problems to publicExpose problems to publicUsed words & imagesUsed words & images

B. Muckraker Ida TarbellB. Muckraker Ida Tarbell

Muckraker figures:Muckraker figures:

1. Lincoln Steffens – city gov. 1. Lincoln Steffens – city gov. corruption,corruption,“The Shame of the “The Shame of the Cities”Cities”

2. Jacob Riis & Lewis Hine – took 2. Jacob Riis & Lewis Hine – took pics of lower class working & pics of lower class working & living conditions living conditions

B. Muckraker Ida TarbellB. Muckraker Ida Tarbell

3. Ida Tarbell – exposed 3. Ida Tarbell – exposed Rockefeller business tactics, Rockefeller business tactics, “History of the Standard Oil “History of the Standard Oil Company”Company”

4. Upton Sinclair – exposes 4. Upton Sinclair – exposes Chicago meat- packing Chicago meat- packing practices, practices, “The Jungle” “The Jungle”

B. Muckraker Ida TarbellB. Muckraker Ida Tarbell““ThereThere wouldwould be be meatmeat storedstored in in

greatgreat pilespiles in in roomsrooms; and the ; and the water from leaky roofs water from leaky roofs wouldwould drip drip over it, and thousands of rats over it, and thousands of rats wouldwould race about on it…a man race about on it…a man could run his hand over these could run his hand over these pilespiles of of meatmeat and sweep off and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and These rats were nuisances, and the packers the packers wouldwould put poisoned put poisoned bread out for them; they bread out for them; they wouldwould die, and then rats, bread, and die, and then rats, bread, and meatmeat wouldwould go into the hoppers go into the hoppers together.”together.”

YUMMY!!!YUMMY!!!

C. Young Coal MinerC. Young Coal MinerWorking ConditionsWorking Conditions

12 hour days, 7 days a week12 hour days, 7 days a weekTextile workers (women & Textile workers (women & children): 60-84 hrs a weekchildren): 60-84 hrs a week

No minimum wageNo minimum wageNo unemployment insuranceNo unemployment insuranceNo worker’s compensation No worker’s compensation

C. Young Coal MinerC. Young Coal MinerTriangle Shirt Waist FactoryTriangle Shirt Waist Factory

1911 fire1911 fireNo fire escapesNo fire escapes100 workers dead, some leaped off 100 workers dead, some leaped off

burning buildingburning building

C. Young Coal MinerC. Young Coal MinerChanging Working ConditionsChanging Working Conditions

Roosevelt sided w/labor unionsRoosevelt sided w/labor unions1902 miner’s strike PA1902 miner’s strike PAthreatened to send troops if threatened to send troops if management didn’t negotiatemanagement didn’t negotiate

11stst time gov. power benefit labor time gov. power benefit laborDept. Commerce & Labor (1903) – Dept. Commerce & Labor (1903) –

activities of industry open to publicactivities of industry open to public

D. Food InspectionD. Food Inspection

GoodsGoodsIndustrial age quantity up quality downIndustrial age quantity up quality downCustomer no direct connection to sellerCustomer no direct connection to sellerNo protection from bad productsNo protection from bad products

Meat packing industryMeat packing industryRoosevelt pressured Congress for lawRoosevelt pressured Congress for lawSoldiers in war died from tainted meatSoldiers in war died from tainted meat

D. Food InspectionD. Food Inspection

DrugsDrugsCompanies make unproven claimsCompanies make unproven claims

Pure Food & Drug Act 1906Pure Food & Drug Act 1906Passed by Congress Passed by Congress Barred use of harmful chemicals in Barred use of harmful chemicals in

foodfoodPrevented misleading statements on Prevented misleading statements on

drug adsdrug ads

E. President RooseveltE. President RooseveltMonopolies Monopolies

Developed in industrial revolutionDeveloped in industrial revolutionDisliked by progressives – too much powerDisliked by progressives – too much powerNeed gov. to regulate businessesNeed gov. to regulate businesses

Roosevelt – “trust buster”Roosevelt – “trust buster”Hated business who abused powerHated business who abused powerBelieved gov. had right to stop illegal Believed gov. had right to stop illegal

practicespractices

E. President RooseveltE. President RooseveltWilsonWilson

Hated monopolies Hated monopolies Federal Trade Commission 1914Federal Trade Commission 1914

Kept large companies from destroying Kept large companies from destroying smaller onesmaller one

Encourage competitionEncourage competitionClayton Antitrust ActClayton Antitrust Act

Stopped pricing policies that would Stopped pricing policies that would destroy competitiondestroy competition

F. Roosevelt & John MuirF. Roosevelt & John Muir

Roosevelt & John MuirRoosevelt & John MuirMuir is a conservationistMuir is a conservationistCA’s Sierra Nevada Mt.CA’s Sierra Nevada Mt.Roosevelt championed conservationRoosevelt championed conservation

Preserved 5 national wilderness Preserved 5 national wilderness areasareas

Known as the father of national park Known as the father of national park systemsystem

G. W.E.B. Du BoisG. W.E.B. Du BoisDu BoisDu Bois

Leader of National Association for the Leader of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Racial IssuesRacial IssuesProgressives sought social justice, plights Progressives sought social justice, plights

of black not a main concernof black not a main concernProgressives felt blacks inferior to whitesProgressives felt blacks inferior to whitesProgressives in south strengthen Progressives in south strengthen

segregation laws & north ignored issues segregation laws & north ignored issues

G. W.E.B. Du BoisG. W.E.B. Du BoisNAACPNAACP

Protect rights of blacksProtect rights of blacksDefended unjust arrests of blacksDefended unjust arrests of blacksSought anti-lynching lawsSought anti-lynching laws1914 – membership at 6,000 in 50 cities1914 – membership at 6,000 in 50 citiesDu Bois most prominent leaderDu Bois most prominent leader

HistorianHistorianOutspokenOutspoken

H. SuffragistsH. Suffragists

National Women’s Social & Political UnionNational Women’s Social & Political UnionProgressive want gov. more responsive to Progressive want gov. more responsive to

people’s willpeople’s willexpand democracy so more votersexpand democracy so more voters

““Political Machines”Political Machines”Political power controlled by men – got Political power controlled by men – got

bribes & favorsbribes & favorslittle accountability for actionslittle accountability for actionsProgressives sought to stop this systemProgressives sought to stop this system

H. SuffragistsH. Suffragists

1913 Constitutional Amendment1913 Constitutional AmendmentDirect election of U.S. SenatorsDirect election of U.S. SenatorsStops “political machines”Stops “political machines”

1919thth Amendment ratified - 1920 Amendment ratified - 1920 Gave women right to voteGave women right to vote

Class ActivityClass ActivityWrite acrosticWrite acrostic““PROGRESSIVES”PROGRESSIVES”

PPreserved America’s national wild lifereserved America’s national wild lifeRRatified 19atified 19thth Amendment giving women Amendment giving women

right to voteright to voteOOGGRREE