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2012-2013 Strategy Report for Safety, Health and Environment for environment friendly and sustainable copper mining in Myanmar.
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Responsible MiningMyanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited
2012 2013
Environmental & Social SustainabilitySafety, Health & ConservationProgramming
Community Support Village Medical Care & Education
Employment & Opportunity
Developing with Care
Every Step of the Way
MytClStrategy Report for Safety, Health and Environment of the Sabetaung & Kyisintaung Mines
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1
MytCl
2
3
Message from the Chairman ..................................................................................................................................4
A Word from the General Manager ......................................................................................................................5
Mission Statement, Code of Ethics & Environmental Policy.........................................................................7
International Certifications .................................................................................................................................12
An Introduction of Sabetaung & Kyisintaung Operations
About MYTCL .....................................................................................................................................................14
S.H.E. Report ..............................................................................................................................................................16
......Safety, Occupational Health & Environmental Management..............................................................18
Taking Care of Our Greatest Asset β Our People
Safety Performance................................................................................................................................ 22
Health Performance ...............................................................................................................................23
Mine Site Clinic .........................................................................................................................................24
Mine Town Hospital ................................................................................................................................24
Medical Services in Yangon..................................................................................................................24
Competency Training
Creating Jobs for the Impoverished .................................................................................................27
Technical & Trades Training ..................................................................................................................27
Safety and Environmental Training................................................................................................... 28
Environment
Environmental Management Systems ............................................................................................ 32
Earth, Wind and Acid Impact Management......................................................................................33
Containing Hazardous Materials........................................................................................................35
Village Education on Environmental Concerns ............................................................................ 38
Community Support initiatives ..........................................................................................................................41
New Projects
Employee Organizational & Operational Development ............................................................44
Policies for the People ..........................................................................................................................45
Mine Closure Planning ..........................................................................................................................................48
Verification Statements
SGS - SociΓ©tΓ© GΓ©nΓ©rale de Surveillance............................................................................................50
Knight PiΓ©sold Consulting ....................................................................................................................51
Inside this Edition
4
Chairman and Managing Director
MYTCL
The environmental concerns at local and regional levels have highlighted the importance that we, the Monywa
Copper Mine Project and MYTCL, have placed on cooperation, consensus building, communication and the
involvement of international environment agencies in policy-making decisions.
Sustainable development requires a continuous adaptation of the society and the economy. It requires
a well balanced approach in order to allow for a better management of potential future anxieties, both
environmentally and socioeconomically. Economic growth is the prerequisite for societal development, yet it
needs not be development at all costs but more of one that is well balanced.
Mineral resources continue to play an important role in Myanmarβs economy by contributing to job generation,
government revenues and the course of industrialization. Building on the results achieved so far and on the
lessons learned from our experiences, we are identifying concrete policy actions and measures that will ease
the present social challenges and advance sustainable development regarding social and economic themes.
The enhancement of a 10-year framework of environmental programs is the corner stone issue that will be
thoroughly analyzed and integrated into the 2013 year of progress by the management of MYTCL.
We should not forget that the core of sustainable development is human development and progress. By
improving the quality of life, by using local and natural resources and by promoting a healthy environment,
we will succeed in preserving the Earthβs life-support systems for present and future generations.
As Chairman and Managing Director of MYTCL, I commit myself to work with all of you in order to facilitate
harmony and ensure the success of our futures.
MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRMAN
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Friends, Family, Employees, Clients and Critics;
I welcome you all to our Environmental Strategy Report for the year 2012 and our defined International
tactics for 2013 onward.
It has always been my belief that people constitute 75% or more of any business, regardless of the type
of industry they represent. We as Management may have great visions and fantastic plans, but nothing is
capable of coming to fruition without people making it happen; People who are motivated, who are enthused
and people who are diligently committed to delivering to the best of their abilities.
It is not just a matter of hiring good people, although in an industry such as ours this is a vital step. It is also a
matter of providing those people we already have within our Organization with the necessary tools they need,
and rewarding people whom we believe to have the proper background and the appropriate skills with the
opportunities to advance and succeed. The most important tool we have to offer is knowledge, knowledge
of the environment in which we work, knowledge of safety in every area of the production of our Cathode
Copper, as well as the knowledge to preserve and rehabilitate our lands to reduce the environmental footprint
that mining is undeniably capable of creating, should care not be taken.
I believe we have built a great company, and thus far we have made improvements that positively impact
each and every employee of MYTCL. We will continue on this path to encourage, hire and reward the very
best of Myanmar Nationals into, and from within, our company. In the final analysis the companies which
achieve the best results are the ones with the best strategies, with positive futures for the employees and
that allows the workforce to grow alongside the business aspects of development. I have confidence in you,
in our goals and in our mutual future as a distinguished company.
I look forward to a year of success and prosperity for us all!
A WORD FROM THE GENERAL MANAGER
General Manager
MYTCL
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OUR MISSION
STATEMENT
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Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited
MYTCL, was established with a vision that there
is essential value, personal reward and financial
stability in supplying a quality product derived from
the unified labor forces of a local mining community.
We, meaning each employee of MYTCL, succeed
because we are part of a much larger community
to which we are compelled to act responsibly. Our
accountability is transparent as we build local and
National relationships, provide economic opportunity
fairly, work safely, and consider the environmental
impacts in all of our affairs.
Our central focus is providing sustainability in the
social, ecological and conservational aspects of the
mining projects that fall under our umbrella, utilizing
the International Standards of Nations from around
the world.
Our goal is to cultivate our organization as a leader
in the industry, setting the bar for delivering the
highest level of Environmental Management Systems
and to share our expertise as educational partners
for all the people within the Republic of the Union of
Myanmar.
8
Our Core Values solidify who we are...
and what we believe.
MYTCLβs core values drive everything we do. Incorporating
these core values into our daily work and making them
an integral part of our culture is the key to our continuing
success.
β’ Uncompromising Commitment to Quality, Health,
Safety and Environment
β’ An Open Relationship with our Employees based on
Mutual Trust, Respect and Success
β’ Transparency, Accountability and Discipline in our
Business
β’ Responsible Leaders in the Industry-Risk Awareness
β’ Integrity in All We Do
β’ Financial Accountability to our Stakeholders
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OUR ENVIRONMENT
POLICY
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MYTCL is dedicated to the ethic that embodies
responsible planning and management of resources.
As an industry leader in a challenging profession,
we recognize the need for social responsibility and
bringing stewardship to the preservation of our
environment. We are constantly working with our
global partners, contractors and suppliers to find
sustainable solutions to our projects while proactively
protecting the world around us.
MYTCLβs primary environmental goal, as laid out in
our Code of Business Conduct, is the prevention of
environmental contamination and the rehabilitation
of our production footprint. We strive to develop
techniques and utilize products and equipment that:
β’ Have no environmental impact.
β’ Meet or exceed International Standards.
β’ Are efficient in their consumption of energy.
β’ Can be recycled, reused or disposed of safely.
MYTCLβs Code of Business Conduct requires all
employees to conduct their duties and responsibilities
in compliance with all applicable laws and current
industry standards when it comes to pollution
prevention. We not only train our employees in the
areas of environmental awareness and relevant
environmental issues, but also the communities and
villages in our regions.
Our efforts to create a sustainable future take
precedence in our three major objectives:
β’ To reduce the potential environmental impact of
operations under our control including prevention
of environmental contamination.
β’ To comply with applicable legislation and to
surpass relevant industry standards.
β’ To conserve, rehabilitate and protect natural
resources while reducing waste and emissions.
We ensure our projects conform to these objectives
through our internal policies and procedures, as
well as with International training, programs and
assessments. Our success is measured through the
establishment of regimented and scientific objectives
with a constant review of the progress made towards
achieving them.
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Certificates
12
International certifications have been awarded to MYTCL
and sustained in adherence to SGS - SociΓ©tΓ© GΓ©nΓ©rale
de Surveillance guidelines and stringent management of
conformity.
β’ OHSAS 18001 Certificate relating to Occupational Health
& Safety Management
β’ ISO 14001 Certificate for Environmental Management
β’ ISO 9001 Certificate relating to Quality Management
In 2012 MYTCL maintained cathode quality in accordance
with LME Grade A specifications, as well as sustaining a best
practices international performance standard throughout
operations, while achieving continual improvements in
value, environment, health and safety standards.
IS0 140
01
ISO
9001
OHSAS 180
01
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An
Introduction
of Sabetaung &
Kyisintaung
Operations
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The Sabetaung and Kyisintaung (S&K) Mine is
located in the Monywa District of Sagaing Division in
Myanmar. Established early in the 20th Century, west
of the Chindwin River, the mine site is approximately
40-minutes by road from Monywa and within a
populated area of nearly 500,000 people. This semi-
arid expanse offers about 700mm of annual rainfall,
and where shrub-covered rolling hills and Palm trees
dotting the landscape are the common scene.
Many international companies have been involved in
the development of this mine under several eras of
ownership. Pit re-optimization of the Sabetaung and
Sabetaung South deposits was completed in 2006
with consultants from GRD Minproc, an Australian
consultancy group. In September of 2000 the
Kyisintaung pit optimum design was also completed
by this company. Others such as Knight PiΓ©sold Pty
Limited, Coffee Partners International Pty Ltd., The
World Bank, Westec (Welsh Engineering Science &
Technology, Inc.), Haskoning (Royal Dutch Consulting
Engineers and Architects), Golder Associates and
Ivanhoe are some of the more prominent world-class
names that have been involved in the consultation
and operations of the S&K projects.
Today the S&K Mine is operated by Wanbao Mining
Limited with the name of Myanmar Yang Tse Copper
Limited β MYTCL. Joining hands with mining
businesses at home and abroad, based on the
principles of international cooperation and mutual
benefit, Wanbao Mining is developing high-quality
mineral resources from around the world.
This Environmental Strategy booklet exhibits defined
evidence that Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited
is leading the industry in Myanmar in regards to
safety, health and environmental impacts. It is with
dedication to the people, the future and the country
of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. MYTCL is
proud to present to the public this transparency of
operations.
Please feel free to contact us should you have any
concerns, questions or comments. MYTCL maintains
an open door policy for not only our employees, but
also for our extended communities.
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The S.H.E. Report
Safety, Occupational
Health & Environmental Management
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MYTCLβs Integrated Management Systems Policy
provides the foundation for sustained, high quality,
safety, occupational health and environmental
performance. Standard operating procedures and
departmental instructions provide safe work systems
while internal and external audits provide assurance
and feedback for improvement planning.
MYTCLβs approach to management of Safety,
Occupational Health & the Environment Management
relies on:
β’ Line management ownership and responsibility
for SHE performance.
β’ Clearly documented SHE objectives and targets
for line management and employees through
management programs.
β’ The provision of training to help supervisors and
employees identify hazards, potential injuries and
to encourage personal action to minimize risks.
MYTCLβs commitment to safety, occupational
health, the environment and product stewardship is
unwavering. MYTCL manages all its activities with
concern for people, communities and the environment,
and conducts its business for the benefit of society
without compromising the quality of life for future
generations. This is MYTCLβs commitment to ensuring
a long-term, sustainable business that is socially and
environmentally responsible, and which provides a
good return on investment to the shareholders.
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Achieving
Ecologically
Sustainable
Development
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MYTCL maintains long-standing preventative and
progressive environmental control procedures
outlined in detail in the MYTCL Sabetaung β
Kyisintaung Project Environmental Control Procedure
Manual (ECP). Last updated 14th December 2012,
and approved by the Project Operations Manager
and the General Manager.
The ECP Manual, designed and implemented based
on Environment Australiaβs incorporation of the
environment programs of the Federal Department
of the Environment and Heritage, and integrating
the Myanmar ME1 legislations distributes the
conservational considerations of the MYTCL mining
organization into 36 specific areas relating to
ecological maintenance, sustainability, preservation
and rehabilitation, as well as safety precautionary
contingency planning. Attached to these 36 areas
are 13 MYTCL authorities whose expertise is directly
related to each category.
A Condensed 3 Part Overview
The following points are an outline of the best
practices, existing activities, plans in action and
means of execution, adherence to stipulations of
mining legislations, as well as the continuing future
planning towards closure and mine rehabilitation.
All data and certifications, training schedules and
planning developments for environmental protection,
improvement and management are available for
public viewing.
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Acknowledgement and assessment of environmental
risks, immediate challenges-remediation due to
previous ownership and suspension of activity -
troubleshooting measures-adaptations to plan -
current certifications in hand-community relations
and education - workforce environmental awareness
training - mine planning for environmental protection
- rehabilitation projects and further planning -
anticipating predictability and control - water
management - tailings containment - energy efficiency
- atmospheric (non-dust) emissions - dust control
- noise - vibration and blast control - hazardous
materials management - storage and disposal
management - managing sulphidic mine waste
and acid drainage - environmental monitoring and
performance - environmental auditing contaminated
sites (SGS ISO certification standards)
2nd. Next Actions of Responsibility
Planning in progress - adaptations due to results
- evaluation of current Environmental Impact
Statements (EIS), Environmental Impact Assessments
(EIA) and Environmental Management Plans (EMP),
critical path definition of end of mine closure -
aggressive strategies - optimization of performance
- proactive responsibility - advanced certification -
reinforcement of Environment Department outreach
- research and development of global trends-
department training and awareness - rehabilitation
projects and execution - monitoring matrix additions
- public relations enhancement and building
relationships.
3rd. Future Developments, Decommissioning
and Post Mine Management
Landform design for remediation, rehabilitation and
revegetation projects - Ministry of Forestry, Mining
and Environment cooperation-Mine Completion
Provisions, coordination and performance of public
environmental involvement-post remediation follow-
through, community consultation and involvement,
cleaner production - mine decommissioning
MYTCL has record compilations to indicate not
only the adherence to legislative requirements and
defined environmental best practices, but also shows
forward thinking ecological necessities through
proactive measures and institutions to bind with the
global interests in sustaining our future environment.
1st. Active Reassurances, ImpactandResolutions
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21
Taking Care
of Our
Greatest Asset. . .
22
Since April 22, 2003, an Occupational Health &
Safety Management System (OHSMS) based on
the AS/NZS 4801:2001 standard was introduced at
S&K project and replaced with OHSAS 18001:2007
standard on 25th July 2012. This implementation
effectively assists in International and National
legal requirements, while committed to sustained
improvement in OHS performance.
Personnel are MYTCLβs greatest asset, and
occupational health and safety risks associated
with MYTCLβs activities are constantly reduced and
effectively managed. MYTCL believes that all injuries
and occupational illnesses are preventable and
places heavy emphasis on hazard identification,
risk assessment and hazard control. Procedures
for Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
(HIRA) were developed and implemented based
on the AS-4360 standard. Risks are evaluated
and registered within each department, as well
as for the entire operation. Identified risks have
been controlled through a preferred order of
control methods commonly referred to as a
hierarchy. Safety objectives and targets have been
established, based on the risk ranking, and detailed
management programs for achieving those objectives
and targets also have been developed.
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is the primary risk
assessment and management technique used for all
operational activities. Task - list development, job -
safety analysis and risk assessment are performed
within a team-based environment.
The Departmental Management Plan (DMP) for each
department are also continually reviewed and revised
to comply with the latest developments within each
department.
Personnel involved in operations must be competent
to perform tasks that may impact occupational health
and safety in the workplace. MYTCL has therefore
established education, training and awareness
schemes to ensure that all personnel have the
necessary capabilities and skills to perform their
tasks safely.
Health and safety competency assessments, including
identification of hazards, risk assessments, and the
elements of operational control and emergency
response are conducted with each employee to
ensure that health and safety risks are controlled to
prevent harm from occurring.
Although the MYTCL, on whole, did not have a
perfect safety performance record for 2012, some
departments achieved over 5,100 LTI free days with
over 4.8 million hours worked.
Contractors and temporary employees make up a
large portion of MYTCLβs workforce, especially in
project activities. We recognize that the temporary
operators and workers may be more at risk of injuring
Safety Performance
23
themselves where they are unfamiliar with MYTCLβs
operations, and are undertaking non-routine tasks.
Therefore, much of our efforts in the next 12-months
will be devoted to the establishment of safe work
practices, focusing on contractors and temporary
employees.
A standard procedure was developed for incident
reporting and investigation. All incidents are
reported and investigated with the aim of preventing
recurrence within our organization. Incidents also
are classified and analyzed for common trends.
Health Performance
Y.I.C Medical Services has been providing medical
service to S&K Project since July of 1999. Health care
is given not only to staff but also to family members,
to Mine Town High School, police and army personnel
assigned to the mine-site, monks and subcontractors.
MYTCL has also established a special service to visit
more than 30 neighboring villages to assist in our
Good Neighbors Program.
The Mine-Site Clinic and the Mine Town Hospital are
responsible for the medical needs of the Mine Town
community, while Yangon Clinic of Y.I.C Medical
Services takes care of our Yangon office staff.
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Mine Town Hospital
The 16 - bed Mine Town Hospital is staffed by 3
medical doctors, one dental surgeon, 6 nurses and
6 nurse-aids with plans of further expansion in the
very near future. The hospital is equipped with an
anesthesia machine, X-ray machine, semiautomatic
blood analyzer, dental chair and dental X-ray
equipment.
The hospital offers treatment to a wide range of people,
including families of the workers for emergency
care, immunizations and medical checks. Both out-
patient and in-patient treatment are provided, as
well as major and minor surgeries are performed.
In addition, prenatal care for pregnant women,
vaccination clinics for children under the age of one,
as part of the Universal Child Immunization Program,
and prevention and control of blindness caused by
Vitamin A deficiency are regularly completed.
Medical Services in Yangon
Y.I.C. Medical Services in Yangon provides free
medical health care to office staff of Yangon office.
Pre-employment medical examinations, medical
checks, medical consultations and medicines and
laboratory tests, excluding specialist consultations
and hospital care, are also provided.
25
26
Global Competency
Training
27
Creating Jobs for the Impoverished
For many of the local people, higher education is
simply not a possibility. At MYTCL we recognize this
fact, and have therefore devised training programs
and on the job training to allow for our Myanmar
Nationals to receive free knowledge to enhance their
abilities to succeed in our modern world. For the
upcoming year of 2013, MYTCL has in the works an
intensive focus on educating individuals who wish to
pursue a career in the mining industry. Scholarships,
bursaries and in-house training will give locals the
advantages of learning several vocations on site, as
well as being supported for overseas educational
experiences.
Technical & Trade Training
The S&K Technical & Trade Training Program began
in 2001, and now it is running the 8th session of this
incredible, free program.
The objective of our Training Department is not only
to provide our trainees with basic knowledge, but also
with updated theories for practical skill needed in the
work-site. MYTCLβs Training Programs and systems
have proven to produce well-skilled trade persons
and to have assisted employees with technical
subject courses at high-quality world standard levels.
So well in fact, that many have taken professional
employment outside of our company and now work
with international institutions.
Training Period
MYTCLβs training period has evolved over the past
decade, and now institutes a training duration
consisting of a full 24-month program, including
12-months of theory and 12 - months on the job.
New trade trainees are educated in common subjects
of Safety and Environment, Computer Basics and
the English language. Upon completion of this
network of skills each trade trainee team is placed
into educational niches regarding their respective
professional subject of choice.
Training Performance
MYTCL is proud to announce that our Technical
Training Program has nurtured 110 trainees who
are now assigned as qualified Tradespersons within
the Mining, Process and Maintenance Departments.
The 34 Trainees of the programβs eighth session are
presently continuing with their courses. One Hundred
and Forty-Four Trainees to date have participated in
the program.
Employee Development Training
Continuing in the spirit of internal development,
MYTCL has programs in action for existing employees
in English Proficiency and Computer Courses, and
also provides trade specific training courses in areas
such as maintenance for employee advancement
opportunities. A total of nine classes have been
opened in 2011-2012.
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Safety and Environment Training
In keeping with our current international status
as a World-Class Mining Operation, modern
technologies expected to improve efficiency and
safety, as well as to reduce costs and environmental
impacts are actively sought out and implemented
through departments such as the Safety and
Environment Research Department and from the
Operations Management level. MYTCL is fully
committed to providing in-depth and comprehensive
training programs to assist each and every employee
in maximizing their own potential, all the while
developing alongside the international communities.
Safety and Environment learning, in every area of
operations, is a ceaseless array of refresher courses
and of attaining modern knowledge.
Session Period Duration Trainees
First 2001-2003 30 months 9
Second 2002-2004 30 months 11
Third 2003-2005 30 months 15
Fourth 2004-2006 29 months 15
Fifth 2005-2007 29 months 14
Sixth 2006-2008 29 months 20
Seventh 2007-2009 24 months 26
Eighth 2011-2013 24 months 34
Total Participants 144
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Subject Number of Employees
Pre-Intermediate English 21
Pump Application and Maintenance 5
Basic Electricity 11
Basic Hydraulics 7
Workshop Practice 4
Wiring Rules 3
2012
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1st Phase OJT 2nd Phase Theory 2nd Phase OJT
2013
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
3rd Phase Theory 3rd Phase OJT
2011
Sep Oct Nov Dec
1st Phase Theory
30
31
OUR Environment
32
Environmental Management System
The Environmental Management System (EMS),
integrated into Operational Management by the
S&K Project, records and monitors compliance with
stated environmental policies and objectives. This
compliance has been demonstrated through MYTCLβs
SociΓ©tΓ© GΓ©nΓ©rale de Surveillance (SGS) certifications.
The current EMS requires MYTCL to continue to
establish environmental planning and to continuously
monitor the environmental impact of the operations.
Four main environmental issues have been identified
at the S&K Project:
1. Acid Rock Drainage (possibly released from
mine-pit walls and waste dumps)
2. Dangerous Goods (hydrocarbon products,
sulphuric acid and process reagents waste)
3. Land Disturbance (land disturbed by extensive
operations)
4. Non-Process Waste (including rubbish,
paper and plastics, rubber and batteries)
β’ An Environment Management Program has been
developed to control the environmental issues
identified above. The program is being actively
monitored for potential environmental impacts.
β’ Results are reviewed for any trends, findings
are reported and corrective measures are
implemented, if required.
β’ Detailed Environmental Control Procedures have
been develope and implemented.
β’ An Environmental Emergency Response Plan has
been established, practiced and basic training is
given to employees of all departments.
β’ Environmental Impact Assessments are
conducted for new MYTCL projects.
β’ A technology transfer program has been
developed and environmental awareness training
is ongoing on and off site.
β’ All employees are trained to respond quickly and
effectively to any environmental impacts.
β’ All environmental documents are of high quality.
Records are well stored, maintained and are
easily accessible. Documents are reviewed and
updated to ensure continuous improvement.
Compliance
In order to maintain the status as a world-class mine,
the S&K Project has monitored the effectiveness of
its Environmental Management System by having its
performance audited regularly. The SGS auditors from
Singapore conduct an audit of the MYTCL operations
for certification in the ISO 14001 and the ISO 9001
in the middle, and at the end of each year. The SGS
Certification Audit for OHSAS 18001 began in July
of 2012. Internal audit teams formed with MYTCL
personnel, and professionally certified for auditing
33
Incidents
Environmental incident reporting is required to
identify areas for improvement and to track progress
on the treatment of an area following an incident.
In 2012 there was only 1 incident of environmental
concern and consequence.
Following a 6.5 earthquake recorded on the Richter
Scale, and 10 minor quakes within a few days period,
the foundation earth beneath the NE Waste Dump
failed, and unexpectedly collapsed. Operations
Management and a team of investigators from the
renowned Knight PiΓ©sold Australian consultancy
company determined through scientific means that
the failure was due to what is called Punching Sheer.
The increased seismic activity activated a below-
ground shift and surface collapse, and the NE Waste
Dump dropped and spilled out approximately 17
meters towards the East. Due to sound stability
engineering, well-defined geotechnical surveys and
data collection prior to waste dump creation, this
incident was contained through mining methodology.
Had MYTCL not adhered to proper mining and waste
dumping procedures, the waste dump may have slide
out into the neighboring villages hundreds of meters.
Immediate actions were taken, the groundwater and
Aquifers monitored, and containment successful.
Consequently there was no damage with the
exception of one Secondary Miner hut pushed along
the tailings from its base. No
changes to the Aquifer and groundwater to date
are recorded. The incident has been identified as
a very rare event, nonetheless precautionary
measures have been implemented by Operations
should such an event reoccur.
Land Disturbance
MYTCLβs leased area totals 2,300 hectare, and is
comprised of vegetated land, hills and ancient pits
left by previous mining activities. Mining operations
and the processing of ores have inevitably change the
natural landscapes. MYTCL assumes the responsibility
to minimize land disturbance and to rehabilitate
the areas affected. Since 2001 the company has
established and implemented a rolling program of
progressive rehabilitation and revegetation within
the lease, which has made excellent progress and
continues in effect.
To control land disturbance on the S&K Project, a
permit system is used to ensure personnel and
departments understand that the areas to be
disturbed shall have minimal environmental impacts.
Impacted Site Management
In 2012, 9-sites have been recorded as disturbed and
as either contaminated, impacted or affected. These
locations will be closed as part of the Mine Closure
Plan, which will rehabilitate all MYTCL sites detected
34
to date. The old Flotation Plant and limestone waste
stockpile are among several sites used by previous
mining operations and listed as contaminated. MYTCL
is not responsible for remediation of any pre-existing
sites. Sabetaung Pit, Sabetaung South Pit and the
heap-leach pads are disturbed sites that remain
in operation. Additionally, 9-sites previously listed
as disturbed have been closed and rehabilitated.
MYTCLβs Environmental Site Management Program
monitored by Operations references standards set
by the National Environment Protection Council of
Australia.
Rehabilitation and Revegetation
MYTCL is responsible for restoring the natural
landscape and for rehabilitating the area during
and after mining operations. Minimization of land
disturbances and progressive rehabilitation has been
carried out in the following areas of the mine site:
β’ Land disturbed by previous mining activities.
β’ Decommissioned areas.
β’ Tailings-spills reclaimed area from previous
mining.
β’ Abandoned waste dumps from previous mining.
β’ Areas where no future mining activities are
expected.
The company has developed a rolling three-year
rehabilitation plan to re-vegetate areas disturbed
by previous mining activities and areas where no
future mining activities are expected. The three-
year work plan is carried out through MYTCLβs
annual rehabilitation program. This ensures that the
amount of disturbed area is kept to a minimum at
all times. The rehabilitation program has achieved
excellent results. A total of 363 hectares have been
rehabilitated since 1999. The goal of the 2012 plan
was to plant 10,000 trees in 9.1 hectares. In fact,
approximately 11,000 trees were planted and 10
hectares were rehabilitated in 2012. This included
9.0 hectares in rehabilitation blocks West of the foot-
ball grounds and middle South of Mine Town where
10,000 trees were planted and 1.0 hectare at the
side slope of Sabetaung Waste Dump Site near New
Dondaw Village with 1,000 trees planted and 1.0
hectare of assorted native seeds scattered at the
various areas disturbed by MYTCL activities. In 2013
the S&K Project plans to rehabilitate 27.3 hectares
of disturbed land by planting 30,000 trees, and also
1,000 assorted native trees.
Surface water
The MYTCL S&K Project is located in a dry-zone area
with a high rate of evaporation and medium levels of
rainfall. The few surface-water bodies that exist in
the project area are summarized as follows:
Wetlands: An environmental control of fresh water
run-off during the rainy season which maintains a
natural wetland ecosystem.
Ponds: A series of constructed control ponds to collect
contaminated run-off from active operating areas.
Process solution collection ponds are monitored to
prevent contamination to the surroundings, such as
35
the Chindwin River or the Yama Stream.
Ground Water
A shallow, semi-unconfined aquifer lies beneath the
mining operations area of the S&K Project.
The water level of this aquifer varies with the wet
and dry seasons. MYTCL has installed 60 boreholes
around the S&K Project to monitor the groundwater
quality. Ground water is observed 10-meters below
the surface in boreholes. Excess aquifer fresh water
from the mine pit is pumped out into a silt trap
pond and then released into the Yama Stream. An
independent laboratory is employed to analyze and
check the samples.
Dust Emission Controls
Mining operations generate dust on roads and in
crushing, conveying and stacking areas. MYTCL
operates a dust-separation technology by the
spraying of water to control dust rising up from the
mine pits, primary crusher, crushed-ore stockpiles
and Haul Roads. Thirty-one dust-monitoring stations
are installed in major dust-emitting areas, and
recorded levels are reviewed monthly. Grass cover
and re-vegetation is employed on exposed soil
around the mine site. Results have been variable
because dust is caused by different sources, and
different locations and results are mostly seasonal.
For comparison, results at 31 spots indicate that
dust-fall trends to lessen in the rain season. The main
source of dust is the ore crushing and conveying
system, particularly during the dry months. The
heaviest dust-fall was recorded in the area nearby
the Primary and Secondary Crushers. Point DM-4
(East of Primary Crusher) recorded the highest
dust-fall during March and April. The dust-fall at the
remaining spots indicates acceptable amounts in all
seasons. Elevated dust fall levels were also apparent
in areas adjacent to the access roads and Haul Roads
in the dry seasons.
Acid-Mist Monitoring
The processes of Copper Heap Leaching and Electro-
winning emit acid mist into the atmosphere. Acid-mist
emissions are monitored monthly around the heaps,
and daily within the tank-houses of the SX-EW plant.
Results show that acid-mist levels are well below
the allowable exposure levels, and this is measured
directly inside the area.
A recent study was conducted due to complaints from a
nearby monastery, and acid mist levels were monitored
within the monastery. This study of tank house and heap
genereated acid mist spreading to the surrounding
area did not show any measurable presence.
Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
MYTCL uses various kinds of products, reagents and
explosives in its production processes. Some are
hazardous substances and control procedures have
been developed and implemented to minimize the
risk of handling such materials. These substances
may cause injuries or health problems if their use is
36
not controlled. MYTCL has trained all personnel and
issued HAZMAT guidelines for handling and storing of
Dangerous Goods.
Acid Rock Drainage (ARD)
Mining operations produces, in addition to inert waste,
potential acid-forming waste containing oxidized or
Sulphidic minerals that are capable of producing an
acid contaminant (ARD material) when exposed to
air and water.
MYTCL is committed to a Zero Discharge Policy, and
maintains control over acid rock drainage as per the
ARD Management Plan. Waste dumps are designed
and constructed with clay lining and inert material
on the sill, then encapsulated or βbundedβ with clay
and inert material around the dumps to prevent from
ground contamination.
Potential seepage water from the waste dumps will
be collected and contained in interception drains
dug along the toe of the waste dumps, and pumped
back to containment ponds. Contaminated water
from the pit is pumped into the Overflow Pond,
while run-off released from the process leach pad
areas is contained in the Storm-Water Pond and any
excessive water is then pumped into the Tailings Dam.
All contaminated solution is recycled as make-up
water for the process of irrigating the Heap Cells.
37
38
Tailings Reclamation
Earlier mining activity that preceded the formation of
MYTCL resulted in considerable spills of tailings over
150 hectares of land East of the present operations
area, where artisanal miners recover residual copper at
subsistence levels. Most of this area is under the control
of the local Myanmar Authorities. MYTCL assumed
responsibility to clear out the leftover tailings spills within
the leased area to achieve its ISO 14001 Certification
and honored its moral obligation to help clean up part
of the area outside the lease, when permitted to do
so. In 2006-2007, part of the affected area along
the Kyaukmyet Road and in some lease areas was
cleaned-up and reclaimed with local contract workers:
old tailings were sent back to the Tailings Dam. Several
requests were sent out to the Myanmar Government
in 2012 to allow MYTCL, at our own expense, to assist
in complete restoration of these lands. Although this is
not MYTCLβs responsibility, we see the need to aid the
people in recovering good farmlands and to cease the
undesirable polluting of the groundwater, the Aquifer
and of the self-inflicted poisoning that these activities
produce.MYTCL is seeking full cooperation with local
and National Authorities.
The Safety and Environment Department is diligently
working with local villages and their leadership to
educate the people of our communities the safety
and environmental issues affiliated with MYTCL and the
S&K Project, as well as how to make an environmental
reduction of their own Carbon Footprint. The objective
of this well-planned exercise is to make all of our
neighbors aware of the care for the environment that
we altogether must take, and that we at MYTCL are
following internationally recognized and scientifically
proven measures to reduce, reuse, rehabilitate and
respect our environment. Every month through to
July of 2014, a new village has been scheduled for a
consultation from the S&E Department. During this visit,
our teams will discuss current or past issues and take
the time to test well-water and complete healthcare
checkups on some of the inhabitants or newborns
from each village, listening to concerns and offering
assistance or advise for solutions.
Village Education on Environmental Concerns
39
Poly. (Max Concentration)Max Concentration
Worker Exposure Limit ASTM, AES : 1mg/m3 (260 ppb)
H2SO4 Acid mist, PPB
y = -0.1677x2 + 5.4375x + 32.206RΒ² = 0.0823Alert Level (208 ppb)
9/12/2012
9/13/2012
9/14/2012
9/16/2012
9/17/2012
9/18/2012
9/19/2012
9/20/2012
9/21/2012
9/22/2012
9/23/2012
9/24/2012
9/25/2012
9/26/2012
10/8/2012
10/9/2012
10/13/2012
10/18/2012
10/19/2012
10/20/2012
10/26/2012
10/16/2012
10/17/2012
10/21/2012
10/22/2012
10/23/2012
10/24/2012
10/25/2012
0
50
100
150
200
40
Community Support Initiatives
41
In 2012 Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited will
spend approximately 70,000,000.00 FEC within the
country on local goods and services, and will employ
by the end of 2013 approximately 1,700 employees.
This year MYTCL & Myanmar Wanbao Mining
Copper Limited - MWMCL collectively have donated
231,900.00 FEC and an additional 958,780,450 Kyats
to local communities for assistance.
In addition to monetary assistance, MYTCL and
MWMCL will help on a more personal level by
committing to the following:
1. Free of charge Medical Care will be provided to
all local villages.
2. A Scholarship Program and other educational
donations will be contributed to nearby villages of
Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited and Myanmar
Wanbao Mining Copper Limited.
3. Creation of job opportunities and setting a priority
to recruit those from relocated villages and who
lost their farming land to our mine areas.
4. For aged persons who are not able to work in
our company and who have no other family
members in relocated villages, the company will
provide them with investment money to purchase
domestic animals such chicken, cattle, sheep,
goats and so on.
5. Our company will establish one pre-primary
school and one technical training school for the
local community, where the local villagers can
attend these schools free of charge.
6. Our company will set up a Scholarship Program
for local outstanding students who cannot afford
secondary Institutions due to their financial
situation. After completion of their course,
company will appoint them in their applicable
trade and professionally work according to the
degree or diploma achieved, if they are willing to
work within our mines.
7. Donations of basic household foodstuffs such as
rice, oil and salt, etc. will be provided to relocated
villages on occasion.
8. Our company will provide the means to obtain
drinking water and domestic water for local
villages.
42
Supporting Healthier Communities
Under this program over 10,000 patients have been
treated in 2012, and a total of 28 villages. Within the
Medical Care Program, there are 3 doctors, 6 nurses,
5 nurse aides and another 3 general helpers, totaling
17 members participating as a mobile medical team.
An Ambulance was also donated for emergency use
for the local villagers.
In addition to the monthly group health seminars
held at the Mine Town State High School, the
health care staff members travel to villages to hold
educational talks at the local schools and villages
eldersβ homes. They work with government health
officials during Clinic Days, they visit every pregnant
woman, every sick child under the age of 5, providing
all with individual health care and education. These
doctors and aides visit schools and homes to inspect
sanitation and personal hygiene practices. Toilets
and drinking water supply is also inspected. As a part
of the Nutrition Promotion Program, staff has been
monitoring the weight of children under the age of 3
since 2003.
These healthcare activities have been both productive
and beneficial to all of the communities. Helping
children and adults in communities and around the
Mine-Site is allowing people to live healthier and
within higher-quality environments.
MYTCL is always willing to extend a helping hand in
making our world a better place.
43
New Projects
44
The previous employer, MICCL - Myanmar Ivanhoe
Copper Company Limited, was governed by a Board of
Directors and limited to the number of employees and
positions that were available to the βaverageβ Myanmar
person. Many positions in upper management were
in fact taken by ex-ME1 employees or those from
other government areas. At full strength the company
held 845 approved employment positions, with
an additional 100 employees permitted as Casual
Laborers. Many people were displaced and holding
positions from departments that were not their own,
simply for the fact of gaining salary, and therefore
true department fulfillment was not achievable.
Operations Management and Human Resources
of MYTCL took a good look at the structure of the
internal workings of the company, and with full
agreement from the new MYTCL Upper Manage-
ment and Owners, recognized that it was time to
make some drastic, yet advantageous change. At
the start of 2013 approximately 1,300 employees
will have signed new contracts for employment that
will grant them permanent status until the age of 60
with full benefits.
Another 300 Casual Laborers will also be employed
at MYTCL on and off during the course of the next
year. This number is expected to double with the
construction planning that is in progress.
The Organization Charts were reorganized, people
placed back where they belonged, and those who
had worked for many years in Casual Laborer
positions without receiving salary increases or a
change of position were able to apply for better jobs,
and much better income. Casual Laborers who had
Employment Status MICCL MYTCL MYTCL2013 - 2014
Year 2010 2010 2012 2013β¦
Expatriate 2 5 6 6
Permanent 643 680 873 1.500+aprox.
Contract 11 20 263 20 approx.
Casual Labor 320 440 503 350+average/year
Total 976 1145 1445 1.876 approx.
Employee Organizational &
Operational Development
45
worked up to 15-years in their positions were granted
permanent status with benefits, and people were
finally recognized and rewarded for their dedication
and work performances as they should be.
Uniforms were redesigned, color brought back into
the dull-trodden company and a spark of future hope
glistened in the eyes of these long-term Miners. Many
thought that such a change was not possibleβ¦
The growth that has begun will not cease through
the coming years, but step by step, and milestone by
milestone MYTCL will encourage, reward and share
the benefits of success with our employees.
Policies for the People
To unify the company, and to empower the people
who had some hesitations of the new ownership, a
Remuneration Committee was established, gathering
together a group of persons to represent each
portion of the Mine Management. This Committee
would become the driving force behind making solid
changes to the company, and approving any and all
internal personnel growth and reward.
Policies were established with the leadership of Upper
Management, and new beginnings with equality for
all began to be placed down in writing.
Hepatitis-B and HIV Policy
New employee must undergo a pre-employment
medical test to obtain permanent status, and those
found to have Hepatitis-B were deemed as unfit for
employment and not accepted to work. Focusing
on the need for not only protection of all existing
employees, Casual - Contract -Permanent, but also
to allow those with this disease to work on site was
carefully reviewed. A new policy was created that
tested all employees and vaccinated all negative
persons, allowing for a safe and protected work
environment.
All persons were also tested for HIV. Those who
test positive are consulted by the MYTCL doctors in
confidence, and close family are invited to come in to
be tested for no cost and also taught how to live with
this incurable disease.
60+ Retirement Policy
There had been no clear definition of how employment
would continue for most people over the age of 60
still fit for work.
MYTCL has devised a special policy to allow valuable
employees to be contracted as Consultants after the
mandatory retirement age of 60, up and until the
age of 65.
For higher management levels, and for persons
with experience and education, an endless
timeframe of employment has been allowed.
All +60 persons are either recommended by their
superior, or on their own accord to the Remuneration
Committee who ultimately makes the terms and
decisions of retired employment.
A fair-level and consistent decision making team
has allowed for employees to plan their futures, and
to have an equal chance of continued work should
there be any differences between the employee and
their superior.
46
Employee Benefits
Social Securtity: MYTCL supports the Social
Security Scheme for the emergency and special
medical care in such case as illness, sustaining injury
from work accidents, maternity and death.
Mine Ownerβs Liability: MYTCL complies with the
Mine Ownerβs Liability (Insurance) to all permanent
and contract employees. In future years to come, all
employees will be insured according to law.
Provident Fund: The Provident Fund has been
established in order to gain retirement funding at
the end of MYTCL employeeβs careers. MYTCL and
each employee who voluntarily join this program
contribute 3% each of the employee salary to a
special bank account for the Provident Fund. Upon
retirement the employee is awarded the full sum of
their fund.
General Good Will
The S&K Community, the Villagers and the surrounding
area of the MYTCL Mine-Site have become family over
the course of the years, and although ownership has
changed the Myanmar National people are the
constant that has endured the ages.
MYTCL is proud to have been adopted into this ancient
network of friends, family and neighbors, and
whenever possible joins in with the cultural
celebrations and festivals of the people and of the
different religions of the area.
Engaging in donations to the community itself, or
directly to monks and monasteries for religious days,
MYTCL provides social welfare to many events during
the course of the year, and also joins in with the fun.
For employees and their families Sport Day Activities
occur every year in December, there is an annual
Water Festival, a Fun Fair during Independence Day,
as well as monthly religious days when holy traditions
are respected and charities offered to the monks.
Along with these special events there also follow
some regular activities to help make life easier within
Mine Town. Housing Allowance is provided to all
permanent employees, water purification centers
are operated and maintained by MYTCL, road-works
and electrical work are completed, and security and
general assistance to the entire Community in any
crisis, or time of need is extended. Myanmar Yang
Tse Copper Limited not only cares for the Community,
we are honored to have become a part of it.
47
Mine Closure Planning
48
A Strategic Framework
After completion of the mining operations, or once
a part of the project becomes no longer viable or
profitable to operate, closing down, removing all
the operation elements and decommissioning of the
mine will take place. A Conceptual Mine Closure Plan
has been established by Operations Management
and will be the basis for the development of a
continuing closure plan that will take into account
both the legal requirements, as well as the unique
environmental, economic and social properties of the
operations. This Conceptual Plan will take the form of
an Integrated Mine Closure Plan at the conclusion of
the construction, or establishment period estimated
in 2014.
MYTCLβs Mine Closure Planning will effectively keep
four key objectives in mind during the life stages and
closure stages of this project.
1. To protect the environment and public health
safety by using safe and responsible closing
practices.
2. To reduce or eliminate environmental effects
once the mine ceases operations.
3. To establish topographic conditions that is
consistent with the pre-determined end-land use
objectives.
4. To reduce the need for long-term monitoring and
maintenance by establishing effective physical
and chemical stability of disturbed areas.
The Mine Closure Planning will focus on creating a
safe and stable landscape that is resistant to wind
and water erosion, while turning the mining lease to a
condition that allows for cultivation or productive land
consumption.
In order to stabilize the landscape the following
works will be completed.
β’ All the drill holes and borrow pits located within
the lease area will be filled, rehabilitated or
redefined, and contained.
β’ Waste rock dumps and exhausted leached heaps
will be battered down and capped with sands or
topsoil for rehabilitation with local plants.
β’ All remaining explosives, reagents and
hydrocarbon fuel will be removed from mine site.
β’ All buildings and supporting facilities will be
decommissioned and removed from the site and
these areas will be rehabilitated.
β’ All the power supply lines above and underground
not required for sustainability will be dismantled.
β’ All residual debris will be removed from the mine
site.
This closure plan will cover Sabetaung, Sabetaung
South & Kyisintaung mining operation areas. The
Integrated Mine Closure Plan will be modified and
updated annually, as well as with ongoing available
data and monitoring results.
MYTCL will maintain a presence on site for five years
following de-commissioning to assess the progress of
rehabilitation and re-vegetation, and to also ascertain
the state of surface water runoff.
49
Verification
Statements
50
Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Company Limited- MYTCL maintains an Integrated Management System
(IMS) to sustain Quality, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety ethics, in-linewith International
and Australian Standards. The IMS continues to be an established operational system for our Company,
accomplished and continually updated for nearly a decade through the support of the Management and
Personnel of MYTCL.
βThis is to certify that an audit according to ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001:2007 was
conducted for Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited. As there was no Major Corrective Action Request raised
during the course of audit, Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited is therefore recommended for registration
to ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001:2007 standards for the scope stipulated in the contract
documents.β
SGS Singapore
The SGS performance reviews are performed through the examination of records and supporting data held
by MYTCL at the Monywa Mine-site, as well as at our offices in Yangon. Sampling for the reviews are com-
prehensive and performed in conjunction with interviews with the IMS Coordinator and personnel from the
individual operational management areas. The reviewsconsistently show that the statements made in the
reports have been substantiated. It is noted that there are clear Objectives and Targets for each Standard
and the performance against these items is monitored on a regular basis. The data alsoshows that the Objec-
tives and Targets are being met. MYTCLβs Environmental Control Procedures Manual continues to support the
key Environmental Performance Indicators as set by our Company, and identifies that they are reliably below
the levels set by the World Bank. The rehabilitation programs are in acceleration with well-defined Mine
Closure Planning and haveshown to be successful through site monitoring, as well as strong management of
ARD issues.
The commissioning of this International assessment is a voluntary move by MYTCL and represents the levels
of Corporate Responsibility and Environmental Stewardship we hold ourselves to. As leaders in our industry
we will continue to indorseSocial and Environmental Developmentthrough the lifespan of the MYTCL Projects
and to establish future sustainability once mining operations are concluded.
Environment, Occupational Health&Safety
51
Knight PiΓ©sold Pty Limited was significantly involved with the Sabetaung & Kyisintaung Project from 1996
until 2005. Geotechnical consulting services were provided to the S&K Project by both Knight PiΓ©soldβs Head
Office in Perth, West Australia and by our branch office in Singapore.
Knight PiΓ©soldβs role as Geotechnical Consultant held responsibility for geotechnical site investigations, and
then subsequent design and construction of all heap leach pads, associated solution and storm water ponds,
tailings dam and open-pit geotechnical advice and implementation for the two pits.
Knight PiΓ©sold also carried out the feasibility investigation and design for the Letpadaung Project. This work
was comprised of investigation and design for the heap leach pads, solution ponds, open-pit dewatering
pond, and recommendations on waste dump design and acid sludge dam design.
During our period of working on site we are happy to be able to state that during all construction work, the
various S&K departments, and personnel involved with these departments assisted us to the utmost degree
in our endeavors to construct to, and comply with QA /QC procedures, as well as to work to Knight PiΓ©soldβs
company standards as a consultancy of international repute.
Inevitably, as the construction work progressed certain geotechnical and topographic conditions on site were
found to be adverse to certain aspects of our designs, and therefore we were required to implement a degree
of field engineering to achieve Knight PiΓ©soldβs requirements. During such periods we were given willing and
very able assistance from S&K personnel and management.
In addition, we are very proud to state that we were able to provide guidance and training to many S&K
personnel in the fields of geo-membrane liner subgrade construction and QA /QC testing, liner deployment
and welding methods, and QA/ QC testing to international standards.
Although Knight PiΓ©sold had a limited role in environmental work, we did assist S&K personnel in their quest
to apply international standards to their intensive water quality monitoring work.
In summary, Knight PiΓ©sold has been more than pleased to assist the Sabetaung & Kyisintaung project in the
past; we commend them on their care for the environment and look forward to repeating our role with them
continuing into the future. John Birrell Senior Geotechnical Engineer
KNIGHT PIΓSOLD PTY LTD
SINGAPORE
52
53
MytCl
54
55
Inside this Edition
Message from the Chairman ...................................................................................................................................... 56
A Word from the General Manager .......................................................................................................................... 57
Mission Statement, Code of Ethics & Environmental Policy...........................................................................59
International Certifications ....................................................................................................................................... 64
An Introduction of Sabetaung & Kyisintaung Operations
About MYTCL ............................................................................................................................................................66
S.H.E. Report .................................................................................................................................................,....................68
Safety, Occupational Health & Environmental Management .............................................,.....................70
Taking Care of our Greatest Asset β Our People
Safety Performance ..........................................................................................................................................74
Health Performance ........................................................................................................................................75
Mine Site Clinic ..................................................................................................................................................75
Mine Town Hospital ........................................................................................................................................76
Medical Services in Yangon.............................................................................................................................76
Competency Training
Creating Jobs for the Impoverished..............................................................................................................79
Technical & Trades Training ...........................................................................................................................79
Safety and Environmental Training............................................................................................................79
Environment
Environmental Management Systems........................................................................................................84
Earth, Wind and Acid Impact Management................................................................................................88
Containing Hazardous Materials....................................................................................................................88
Village Education on Environmental Concerns .....................................................................................90
Community Support initiatives ................................................................................................................................. 93
New Projects
Employee Organizational & Operational Development ....................................................................96
Policies for the People-...................................................................................................................................97
Mine Closure Planning.................................................................................................................................100
Verification Statements
SGS - SociΓ©tΓ© GΓ©nΓ©rale de Surveillance..................................................................................................102
Knight PiΓ©sold Consulting .........................................................................................................................103
56
α₯αα αα α₯αΈα±αα¬αααααΎαα¬αΈα±ααΈααΈ
MYTCL
αααΌα¬α±αΎααΈαα ααααΈα‘α±αα MYTCL αα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈα±ααΈααααΌα α±ααααα¬αΈα α±ααα‘α¬αα¬αα α‘αααααα
αα ααΈα±αα«ααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα α‘αα¬αΈααα΅ααα»αααΈα α‘αααΈαααΈαα±αα¬αα¬αΈα‘α»αααααα»αααΈαα αααααα¬ααα¬ααααααΈααα α
αααααΌαα α±αααα ααΈα»αααααα¬αΈααα‘α ααα±αα¬αα‘α±αα¬αα‘αα α±αα¬α±αα¬αα»αααΈαααα α‘ααα‘α±ααΈαα«α±αα¬ α‘ααα‘α»αα
αααα«ααα
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α‘ααΈαα αΌα¬ ααΈαααα¬α±α αα α‘αα¬ααααΌαα»αα αα¬αα ααααααααΈαααα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααααα α±αα¬ααΈα αΌα¬ααααΌα
α ααααααΌαααααααΈ αα‘ααα«ααα
ααααΌααΈααΌα α‘αααΈα‘α»αα αα¬αΈαα α»αααα¬αααα±αα¬ α αΈααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈααΌα α‘αααα¬αα±αα¬α±ααα¬α αα«ααααααα±αααα‘αα
α‘ααα±ααα¬αα¬αΈ ααΌααΏααΈααΈααα»αααΈα α‘α αΈαα‘ααΌαα±ααΌ ααΈααααα»αααΈαα α αααααΌααΏααΈααΈααα»αααΈαα¬αΈα‘ααΌα α‘αααα±αα¬
α‘αααΈααααα«αααα«ααα αααΈααα»αα ααΌααΈαα¬αα α‘ααΈααα¬ααα¬αΈα α‘α±α»αααα α‘α±ααΌαα‘αΎααα¬αΈ ααααααΈα α¬ααΏααΈ αα
αααα¬α±αα¬ααα±αα¬ααααα¬αΈαα‘α±αα¬αα‘ααα±αα¬α±αα¬ααΎαααα»αα αα«ααα ααααα¬ααα±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±αα¬ ααΌααΏααΈααΈααααα‘ααΌα
α αα±αααααα¬αΈαααααα±α»ααααΈααααα»αα αα«ααα
MYTCL αα (αα)αα αα¬αα¬αα‘ααΌααΈ ααα¬ααααααΈαααααα¬ αααΈαααΈα±αα¬αααΌαααα α‘α α‘α α₯αα¬αΈα α±α‘α¬αα»ααααα
ααα±αα¬αα‘α»αα α αα¬αΈαΏααΈ αααα ααα αα α ααααΈααα±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±αα¬ α ααααααΌαααα¬αΈαα α±αα¬αααΌαααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«ααα
αα½αΌααααααα»αααα‘αααα¬ αααΈαααΈααα±αα¬ααΌααΏααΈαααααααααΌααΏααΈααΈαααααα¬ α»αα αα«ααα αα½αΌαααααα ααα¬α»α±α»ααα
α‘αα¬αα ααΈαααα αα¬αΈα‘ααΌα ααα¬αα‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈαα¬αΈ ααΈααα»αααα¬αΈα±α αα α±ααααα¬αΈαα ααα¬αα‘αααΈα‘α»αα αα¬αΈα
α‘ααΈα»αα αααΈαα¬α»αααΈααα αΏααΈα»ααα α±αα¬ αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αα¬αΈα ααααΈααα±αα¬ααα α»αα αα«ααα
MYTCL α α₯αααα α₯αΈα±αα¬αααααΎαα¬αΈα±ααΈααΈαα α₯αΈα‘α±αα»αα ααααα‘α¬αΈααΈαα α‘ααααΌ ααααΌαα αΌα¬ ααΈα±αα«ααΈα±αα¬αααΌα
αααααΎαα»αααΈαΏαα α±α‘α¬αα»αααααααΈααα α ααααααΈαΎααα«α αα
α₯αα ααααααΌααΈαααααααα¬
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α‘α±ααΌα±ααΌααα±ααα¬α αααααΌααΈαααααααα¬
ααα±ααΌαα¬αΈ ααα¬αΈα αααα¬αΈ αααααΈαα¬αΈ αααααΈααα±αα¬αααααα¬αΈ αα α±αααα‘αΎαα»αααα¬αΈαααα¬αΈ-
αα½αΌαα±αα¬ α‘α±αα»αα αααα ααα α‘ααΌα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ααα¬ α‘α αααα α¬αα αααα ααα αα α α‘α»ααα»αα αααα¬αααΈααα¬
αα¬αΈ αααα±αα¬αααΌαααααα»αα ααααααααΌααΈααααα«ααα
αα½αΌααααΎαααα¬αΈαααα¬ - ααα¬αΈαα ααα αΌααΈα‘α¬αΈα αα % α ααα±αα¬ααΈα αΌαααΎαα»αααΈα»αα α α ααααααααΈααααα α»ααα
ααα»αα α±α α αα½αΌαααα α ααααααΌα±ααΈαααΈα‘α±αα»αα αααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬ α‘α±α»αα¬α‘α»αααα¬αΈ α±α»αα¬αα±α»αα¬αα±αα¬ α ααααΈαα¬αΈ αααα±α αα¬α
α‘α±αα¬αα‘ααα±αα¬ α±αα¬αααΌαααα¬αΈα α αΌααΈα‘α¬αΈ ααα«ααα α‘ααΈααα¬α ααααααα«α αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα αα α₯αΈαααΈα
α‘α±αα»αα ααα α αΌααΈα±αα¬ααα α‘α»αααα¬αΈααΈ αααΈα α¬αΈα αααα ααα αΌααΈα₯α¬αα αΌααΈαα¬αΈα»αα α±αα¬αααΌαααα α»αα αα«ααα αα½αΌαααα
α αααααααΈα αα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈα ααααα¬αΈαααααα»αα ααα±αα¬αα±ααΈαα«α αα½αΌααααα‘α±αα»αα αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα
αα‘ααα αααα¬αααα¬ααα¬αα¬αΈα α»αααααΈα±ααΈααα α»αα αα«ααα ααα»αα α±αα¬αααΌαααα¬αΈα αααααΈαα½αΌααΈαααα
ααα±α‘α¬αα»αααααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα ααΈα±α»αα¬ααααα»αα αα«ααα α‘α±ααΈα‘αΎααΈααΈ αααα¬αααα¬ααα¬ αα‘ααααα¬ ααααα»αα αα«ααα
αααααΈααα α±ααα¬ α±αα α‘α±αΎαα¬ααΈ ααααα ααααα»αα αα«ααα α±αΎααΈαααα α αααααααα±αα αααααΈααααΌα
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬α αααΈαααΈα±α αα ααα±αα¬αααα αααααα¬αΈ αααα αα‘ααα«ααα
ααα‘α»αα αα½αΌααα ααα¬α»α±α»αα‘α¬αΈ αααΈαααΈαα¬ααΌαα±ααΈα»αααΈαα α»ααααααΈα±αα¬αα±ααΈα»αααΈ αααααΈ αααααα¬αΈαααΈ αααα«ααα
ααααα¬ ααααΌααΈαααααΈ αα ααα‘α±αα»αα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααααα αΈα±α αααααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ α±αα¬ααααΌα¬αΈαα αααΌαα±ααΌ
ααα±αα¬αααΌα¬αΈαααα«ααα
αα½αΌααααααΎαααα¬αΈαααα¬ αααΈααα α ααΌαα ααΈααΏααΈα»αα α ααΈαααα α‘α»ααα±αα¬α±αα¬αα±αα¬ α»αα ααΌααΈαααα¬αΈ αααααα»αα ααα
MYTCL αααααΈαα¬αΈα‘α±αα»αα α α ααΈαααΌαα αΌα¬ α±αα¬αααΌααΎαααα α»αα α ααα¬ααα¬αα¬αΈα α‘α±αα¬α α‘ααα±αα¬α±αα¬α αΎαα»αααΈα»αα
α±α‘α¬αα»ααα±αα¬ α‘αα¬αααα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΎααα α»αα αα«ααα αα½αΌααα‘α±αα»αα ααααα‘α±ααα α‘α¬αΈαα¬αΈααΎαααα α‘α»ααα‘ααα
αααΈαααα α±αα¬αααΎααΏααΈ αααα¬αΈα±ααααΌαα±αα¬ αααΈαα‘α»αα α±αα¬ααα±α‘α¬α αΎααΈα α¬αΈα±αα¬αααΌααΎαααα α»αα αα«ααα αα½αΌαααα
α‘α±αα»αα αα¬αααα α‘α¬αΈ α±α‘α¬αα»αααΏααΈ α»ααα α±αα¬ αα αα αα α‘α»αα α±αα¬ααα±α‘α¬α α±αα¬αααΌααΎααα«α α
α‘α±ααΌα±ααΌααα±ααα¬ - MYTCL
58
αα½αΌααα α α‘ααΈαα¬αα
59
MYTCL β Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited αα α±ααα
ααααΈα±αα¬α±ααΈ α‘ααΌ α‘α ααΈα ααα‘α¬αΈα»αα ααΌαααα¬α±αα¬
αααα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈ ααα±α ααα‘ααΌα α‘αααα±αα¬ ααααΈα
ααα’αα±ααΈα±αα¬ααα¬α»αααααααα¬α±ααΈαααΏαααααα¬αΈ ααααΈα±ααΈ
αα α αααΈ α ααααΈ αα αα ααα ααα±αα¬ααα¬αΈ αα«
ααα
αα½αΌαααααα MYTCL α αααααΈαααΈ α±α‘α¬αα»αααααα
α‘αααΈα¬αααΌα ααα«ααα α‘α±αΎαα¬ααΈααα¬αΈ αα½αΌαααααα αΎααΈ
αα¬αΈα±αα¬ α‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈαΎααΈα α‘ααΌαααα»αα αΏααΈα α±α‘α¬αα»αααα αα
α±α‘α¬αα±αα¬αααΌααα»αααΈααα‘ααΌ ααα‘αααα¬ααα»αα αα«ααα
αα½αΌααααα αα¬ααααααα ααα¬ α»αααα¬αα αα½αΌαααααα
α±αααααα α‘ααΈαα¬αΈαααα¬ α‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈαα¬αΈαα ααααΌα
ααααααα αΏααΈααααααα¬αΈαα‘α±ααΈαα¬αΈα α₯αΈα α¬αΈα±αα¬α
ααΌα αα«ααα
αα½αΌαααααα α‘ααΈαα¬ααα»αα ααααααααΏααΈ α αΈααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈ α‘
ααΌαα‘αααΈαααα αΌα¬α±αα¬α±αα¬αα±ααΈαα«ααα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈ
α αΌα¬α‘ααααααα ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ ααααααα¬αΈ
ααααΈ α‘α±ααΈαα¬αΈα α₯αΈα α¬αΈαα«ααα
αα½αΌααααα α‘αααααααΈαααα¬ - ααααΈα±αα¬α±ααΈ α ααααΈ
αα¬αΈα αααα±ααΈαα¬α α‘αααααααα« ααααΌαααα±ααΈαα¬α αααααΈ
αα αααΈαααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ ααα±αα¬ααα¬αΈ αα¬ααααα αααΏααααα¬αΈ
α»αα ααΌααΈα±ααα±αα«αα±α αα αα½αΌααααα α‘ααα‘α¬αα«α α±α‘α¬αα
ααααααα α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα»αα ααα»α¬α‘αα α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬ α
ααααΈαα¬αΈ αα αααΌαα αΌα¬ α±αα¬αααΌααααα αΎαααα»αα αα«ααα
αα½αΌαααα α αααΈαααα¬αααααα¬ α ααααααααΈ α±αα¬αα
α±αα«ααΈα±αα¬αα±αα¬ααΈα‘α»αα α₯αΈα±αα¬ααα α±ααΈαααααα αααααΈ
ααα±ααΈαα¬α ααααααΌααααΌα α»αααα¬αΈα±αα¬ ααα¬ααα¬αΈαααα α»αα
α±αα¬αα αααΌα α»αααα¬ααααα¬αΈαα¬αΈαα αα½αΌααΈαααα α‘αα‘α
α‘α α‘αα»αα αααΎαα¬αΈα±αααα±ααΈαα α»αα αα«ααα
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αα½αΌαααααα‘ααααααΈαα¬αα½αΌαααααααα±ααΌ αα¬α
ααΎαα αααα±αα¬ α‘α±αΎαα¬ααΈα α‘α±αα¬αα‘αα
α±αα¬α±αα¬α αα αΏαα αα«ααα
MYTCLα α‘αααα¬αΈαααα¬ αα½αΌαααα αααα α‘α¬αΈααΈαα α»αα αα«
ααα α±ααα α₯αααααΈααΌα α€α‘αα ααααΈαα¬αΈα α‘α±α»αα α‘αααΈ
αααα αα½αΌααααααα₯α±ααΈααα‘α»αα α±αα«ααΈα α α±αα¬α±αα¬α αα
α±αα¬ααΏαααΈαα αα½αΌααααα ααααα±α‘α¬αα»αααα α±αα¬αααα
α»αα αα«ααα
β’ α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα α±ααΈαααΈαααα αααααΈαααααΈ
αααΈαααααα¬αα α₯αααα¬αΈααΌα ααΈα αααααααα±αα¬ ααα
ααα»αα»αααΈα
β’ αα½αΌααα α αααααΈαα¬αΈαα ααΌααααΈα αΌα¬ αααα±αα«ααΈαααΈα»αααΈα
β’ αα α₯αΈαα αα ααΎαααα α±ααΈα α¬αΈαα αα α±α‘α¬αα»αααααα¬αΈα»αα
ααα α»αααΈα
β’ ααΌααααΈα»αααα¬αα α αα¬ααααα α α ααΈαα₯αΈα ααΈαααΈαα¬αΈααα‘α
α αΈααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈαααααΈ ααααα»αααΈα αα¬αααα±αα¬ α±αα«ααΈα±αα¬α
αα¬αΈα»αα α ααααααααααααΈ ααα±αα¬αα»αααΈα
β’ α αΌααα α¬αΈα±αα¬αααΌαααα αααααΈαα¬αΈααΌα ααΈαΎαα¬αΈ αααα»αααΈα
αα½αΌααααα α±αα¬αααΌαααα‘α¬αΈααΈ ααααα‘α¬αα»αααΈα
β’ ααα¬α±ααΈ α‘α¬ααααααα α‘α αααα¬αα α‘α±ααααΌα α‘α¬αα
αα¬αα αααααα
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αα½αΌααα α ααα¬α αααααΈααα ααα ααΌαα ααα«ααα¬αΈ
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MYTCL ααα‘αααΈα‘α»αα αα¬αΈα αααααΈα αααα»αα α ααααααΌ
αααα¬αΈα ααααααΈαααΈ ααα‘αα±αα¬αααΌαααααααααα·αα¬α
ααα¬αΈααΏααΈα»αα αα«αααα‘ααα±ααΌαΈαααΈα±αΎαα¬ααΈαααααΈ α αα±αα
ααααΌα α ααααααααΈαΎααΈα‘α»αα αααα±ααΈαα¬αααα¬αΈα αα¬αΈααα
α±αα¬α±αα«αα αΌα¬α»αα αααααΈαα αααΈαααΈα±α α¬αα±αα¬αααα α₯αΈ
α±αα¬αα₯αΈααΌααααααα«ααα αα½αΌααααααα‘α α₯αα α ααα¬α»
α‘ααααα αα‘ααΌααα¬αΈα ααααααα¬αα¬αΈα ααΌααΈα‘α¬αΈα αα α₯ααΈαααΈ
ααα¬αΈ αα αααα αα½αΌααααα α ααααΈαα¬αΈααΌα αααΈαα¬αΈ
ααα±αα¬αααααΈα±α‘α¬αα»αααααα¬αΈ ααα»αα ααΌααΈαααα αα½αΌαααααααΈ
ααα‘α±α»ααα±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±α‘α¬α αααΈαααΈα±α α¬α α±αα¬αααααα«
ααα MYTCL α αααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αααΈαα αα¬αα½αΌαααα
αα αΈααΌα¬αΈ α±ααΈααααααα‘α¬ααααΈαααα±αα¬α»ααα¬αΈααα‘αααΈ
αααααΈαααα αααΈαααα¬ααΌαα±ααΈαααα½αΌααααααααα
α‘α±α»αα α»αααααα±αα¬αα»αα ααΌααΈα±ααΈααα»αα αα«ααα αα½αΌαααα
α‘α±αα»αα ααΌααΏααΈααΈααα±αα¬ αααΈααα¬αα¬αΈ αα α±ααα
αααα¬αα¬αΈα α‘ααΈα»ααα
β’ αααααΈααα±αα αααααα α
β’ α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬ α ααααΈαα¬αΈα α»ααα (α ) α±αα¬ααΌαα±α‘α¬α
α±αα¬αααΌααα α
β’ α αΌααΈα‘α¬αΈααΈα αΌααααΌα α»ααα αα±αα¬αααααα α
β’ α±ααΈαααΈα αΌα¬α»αα α»αααα α‘ααΈα»αααα±αα¬α αΌαααα αα α₯ααΈ
αα¬αΈα α»ααααααΈα αΌαα αα α±ααΈαααΈα αΌα¬ α αΌαααα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈ
αα αΌαααα ααα
MYTCLα α αΈααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈααααααα‘α¬αα¬ α₯αα±ααα α‘ααα
αα¬αΈ αα αααααΈα‘α¬αΈααΈααα‘α±αα»αα ααα¬αΈαα α₯αα±αα±αΎαα¬ααΈαα
α‘αααα α αααα ααααΈαα¬αΈααα‘α ααααα±αα¬αααΌααΎαααα
α‘ααΈαα»αα αα αααΈαα αα¬ααΌααα¬αΈααΈα±ααΈα α‘α±ααΈαα¬αΈ
α±αα¬αααΌααααααΎααα α»αα αα«ααα
αα½αΌαααααααααααΈαα¬αΈααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αα¬αΈα α‘αα‘
α»ααααΎαααα α‘α±ααΈαα¬αΈ ααα»ααΎαααα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬
ααα»αααααα¬αΈα αα α»ααααα¬αΎαααα αααα¬ααα αα
αααΈααα α±ααΈααΌα¬αα¬αΈαα αα‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈαα¬αΈα α‘α±ααΈαα¬αΈ
ααα»ααΎααα α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈ α±ααΈαα¬αα«ααα
αα½αΌααααα‘α±αα»αα αααΈαααΈαα¬αΈααα α‘αα¬ααα‘ααΌα αααΈ
αααα‘α»αα α‘αααααΈαααΎααΈ (α)αα ααααα¬αΈαα«ααα
β’ αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα±αΎαα¬α αααααΈαα ααααα αα¬αα
α‘αααΈααΈα»αα α±α αα αα½αΌαααααααααααΈααα ααα
ααΌααΈ α±α‘α¬α αααΈααααααα αα±αα¬αααΌαααααααα
β’ αααα₯αα±ααα¬αΈαα α‘α αααΌαα αΌα¬ α±αα¬αααΌααα
αααα ααααααα α ααααΈαα¬αΈ ααα±αα¬ααΌα ααΌαα
α±α‘α¬α α±αα¬α ααΌαααα
β’ α‘α±αα‘ααΌααα α αΌαααα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα α±αα¬αα«αΈα±α αα α
αα¬α α‘αααΈα‘α»αα αα¬αΈα αααΈαααΈαα¬ααΌαα»αααΈα α»αααα
ααΈα±αα¬α α±ααΈα»αααΈαα ααααααΈα‘αααΈ αααΈαααΈααΌα¬αΈααα
αα½αΌααααα α ααααΈαα¬αΈα‘α±αα»αα α€αααΈαααα¬αΈααα‘α α±αα¬α
ααΌααααα α»ααααΌααΈααα«ααα¬αΈα ααααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈααααα
α±α ααα±αα¬αααΌαααα¬αα α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈ
αααα¬αΈα α‘αα»ααααααα‘α α‘ααα¬αΈαα α‘αα±ααααααΎαα¬αΈ
αα¬αΈαα«ααα αα½αΌααααα αααΈαααααααΈαααΈααααααΈαα
αααααααΈαΎααΈαα αααα±αα¬αααΌα¬αΈααα αααααΈα α₯ααΈαααα
αα¬αΈαα α₯αααα»αα α‘αΏαααα±α‘α¬α αα¬ααααΈαααααα¬αΈα»αα α»α
ααααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«ααα
63
α‘αα‘ααα»α αααααα¬αΈ
64
IS0 140
01
ISO
9001
OHSAS 180
01
α‘αα‘ααα»ααααααα¬αΈ
MYTCL αα αααααα¬α α‘αα‘ααα»α αααααα¬αΈ ααα»ααΈ α»αα αα«ααα
SGS- SociΓ©tΓ© GΓ©nΓ©rale de Surveillance α‘α α α¬ααα α¬αααΈ
ααα»ααΈα»αα αα«ααα
* ISO 14001 αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α ααααααΌααα‘ααΌα
* ISO 9001 α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈα ααααααΌααα‘ααΌα
* OHSAS18001 αααααΈααΌααααΈαα¬α±ααΈααα±ααΈαααΈα±ααΈα ααααααΌααα‘ααΌα
MYTCL αα αααα ααα ααΌα α±αΎααΈαααα αα α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈα LME
Grade A α‘ααααα±α‘α¬α αααΈαααΈαα¬αΈαααα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈ
α±ααΈα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈα±ααΈαα ααααααααΈ
αα¬αΈα α‘α α₯ααΈαα α±α‘α¬αα»ααα±αα±α ααα‘ααΌα αααααΈα α₯ αα±αα¬α
ααΈ α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬α ααααΈαα¬αΈ ααα α‘αα‘α±αα¬ααΈααΈαααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬α
ααΌααααααα«ααα
65
α ααα±αα¬α αα α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α αααααΈαα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ
ααααα±ααΈα»αααΈ
66
α ααα±αα¬αααα±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α(S&K) ααααΌααΈαα αααΌα¬ααα
α α αααΈαααΈα±αααΎααΈ α»αααα¬ααααααααα«ααααααΈααΌααΈα»αα
α‘α±αα¬α αααααΈα±ααα (αα) αα¬α αα α‘α ααΌα α αααα
α±αα¬αααΏααΈα αααΌα¬αΏα α αααΈαααΈαααΈ (αα) ααα αα ααΌα¬αΈααα«ααα
α±αααααΈ αα₯αΈα±ααα¬ α αα,ααα αα ααΎααα«ααα ααα‘ααααΈ
α±ααα»αα α αα αα ααΈα±ααα αααααααα¬αααααΌα¬ααΌααΈαα«ααα
α±αα¬ααααΈ αα¬αΈα±ααα αααΈαααα¬αΈα ααα αα±αα¬αα¬αΈαα α»αα
ααα±ααα«ααα
α€ααααΌααΈα αααααα¬α αααΈααα¬αΈα αΌα¬αα αα«ααα±αα¬α
ααΌαααΏααΈ α»αα αα«ααα α ααα±αα¬α αα α ααα±αα¬α (α±αα¬α)
αααΈααΌαααΈα±αα¬αα α‘α α‘α α₯α ααααααα ααΌα αΎαα α±αΎααΈα
αααΈα GRD MINPROC αα±αα¬αααΌαααα«ααα αααα α»αααα α
α ααααα¬αααΌα α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α ααααΈαα α±ααΈααΌα αΏααΈα αΈ
ααα«ααα (S&K) α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α αα α ααα±αα¬α α ααααΈα
ααα¬α»α‘ααα αααααΈαΎααΈαα¬αΈα α‘αααα αααααΈα»αααΈαα
α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈαα¬αΈ α»αααααΎααα«ααααααΈαααα¬ Knight Piesol
Pty.Limited, Coffee Partners International Pty Limited,
The World Bank, Weste(Welsh Engineering Science &
Technology Inc), Hasconing(Royal Dutch Consulty
Engineers and Architects), Golder Associations and
Ivanhoe α α»αα αΎαααα
ααα‘αα« α ααα±αα¬α αα α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬αα Wanbao Mining
Limited αα Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Limited MYTCL
α‘α»αα α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬ α‘ααΈα ααΈα±αα«ααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα α‘ααΈ
ααα±ααα α¬αΈαα α‘α±α»ααααα¬αΈα»αα α»ααααΌααΈαα α»ααα ααα α
α±αα¬αααΌαα±αααα Wanbao Mining αα ααα¬α»α‘αα αααααΈ
α»αα αα¬αΈα α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈα»αα αααα¬αΈ ααΈα±αα¬ αααααα
ααα«ααα
αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ ααα¬ααα¬ αααΈααα¬α»αα α»αα αα¬αΈαααα
MYTCL α α»αααα¬αααα α±ααΈαααΈααα αααΈαα¬αααα αααααΈαα
ααααααα¬αΈ ααα±α‘α¬α α₯αΈα±αα¬α ααααα±αα¬α ααΌαα±ααΏααΈ
α»αααααααα»ααα±αα¬αα αααΌα α»αααα¬αααα±αα¬ α‘αα¬αα
α‘ααΌαα»αααα‘α¬αΈααα±α αΏααΈα»αααα¬αααα¬α»αα α±α‘α¬α αααααΈ
α±αα¬αααΌαααα ααα»ααα»αααΈα»αα αα«ααα
ααααα ααααα αα½αΌααααααα‘αααα±ααΌαΈ ααααΌαα
α±αααα‘αΎα αΏααααα«ααα MYTCLα‘α±αα»αα αααααΈαα¬αΈ αα¬αα
ααΈααααα‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈαα¬αΈα ααααΌα α‘αΎαα»αα±ααααα ααα«αΈ
ααΌα αα¬αΈαα«ααα
67
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈα±ααΈα αααααΈααΌα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈ αα
αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α ααα ααΌαα α‘α αααα α¬
68
MYTCL α ααα±αα«ααΈα α±αα«ααΈα ααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬α ααααααΌα±ααΈα αα
αα¬αΈ αα«αααα ααα«ααα αα¬ααααααα α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈ
α»αααα¬αΈαΏααΈα±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈααα αααααΈααΌααααΈαα¬α±ααΈα α
αα¬ααααααΈαα α±ααΈαα¬α±αα¬αααΌααα α ααααΈαα¬αΈαα αααΌαα
αα±αα¬α ααααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈ αα¬ααααα¬ ααααΎαα¬αΈαααα¬αΈ
ααα‘α α±ααΈαααΈαα»αα±αα¬ αααααΈαα α‘α±α»αα‘α±ααα¬αΈα
αα¬αααΌααΈαααααΈα α αα¬αΈ αα α»ααααααααΈα α αα¬αΈα α α α±ααΈ
α‘αα α»ααααα¬αΈ αααΏααΈ ααΈααα»αααα¬αΈαα α ααααΈα‘α»αα
αααα α±αα¬α±αα¬αα±ααα«ααα
MYTCL α α±ααΈαααΈαα»ααα αααααΈααΌααααΈαα¬αααα αααααΈαα
α±ααΈαα¬ α ααααααΌαα αα₯αΈααα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈαα¬αΈαα¬ α±α‘α¬ααα«α α
α‘αααα»α ααα±αα¬ααα«ααα
β’ SHE ( Safety, Occupational Health & Environmental )
α±αα¬αααΌαααα‘ααΌααα¬ααααα αα α‘αααα α αααααΌαα
αα¬αΈα
β’ SHEα‘α α‘ααα¬αΈααα ααα₯αΈα α±ααα¬α αΌα¬ α±αα¬ααααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬
αααΈαααα¬αΈ αα αααααΈαααα¬αΈ αααα»αααΈα»αααααααΈαα¬αΈ
αααα¬αΈαα αα±αα¬α±αα«ααΎαα±α α»αααΈα
β’ αΎααΈαΎααα±ααΈααΈαα¬αΈ αα αααααΈαα¬αΈα α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈ
α±ααΈα»αααΈ α»ααα±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααα¬αΈα α‘ααααααααα¬α α»αααΈ
αα¬αΈαααα¬αααα¬αΈα αΌα¬ αα»αααααΏααΈ α αΌααα α¬αΈααα±αΎαα¬αα»αα αα¬
ααα‘ααα¬ααα¬αΈα±αα¬αααΈα±α‘α¬αα α α₯α±αα¬αααΌαααα»αααΈ α
MYTCLα α±ααΈαααΈαααααααΈααΌααααΈαα¬α±ααΈαααααααΈααα±ααΈ
αα¬α αα±αα¬αααΌααααααααααα α₯ααΈα₯αΈα±αα¬αααααααααΈα
ααααααα αΌα¬α₯αΈααα₯αΈα±αα¬αα±ααα«ααα MYTCLαααα±α:
αΏααΈα±αα¬α‘αααα¬ α±ααααααα±αα¬ α αΈααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈ αααααΈαα
αααααα±αα¬αα»αααΈα»αα α αααα±ααΈααααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈ
αα¬αα¬αααα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΌααΏααΈ α‘α αααα¬αααα¬αΈ α‘α±ααααΌα
α±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±αα¬α‘ααΈααα¬ααα¬αΈααα±ααααΌααΈα±α αα« ααα
69
α‘αα αα αααα« ααααΌαααα ααΌ αΏααΈααΈααα±ααΈ ααα±α αα
70
MYTCLα‘α±αα»αα α±ααα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ ααΌααΏααΈαα αα αα¬ααΌα
ααα‘α α‘α α₯αα¬αΈ α‘α αααΈαααΈ α±α α¬αα±αα¬αα±ααΈ ααααΈαααααΈ
αα¬αΈαα‘α±ααΈα αα‘α¬αΈα»αα MYTCL αα ααα±αα¬αααα±αΎααΈα α
α±αα¬αα ααααΈ αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ αααΈαααΈα±ααΈ ααααΈαα
αααΈααα αΌ(ECP)α‘α»αα αααΈαααΈα±αα¬αααΌααα«ααα
αααα ααα α ααααα¬(αα)ααα±ααααΌα α ααααΈαααααΈααα±α αα¬
αα α‘α±ααΌα±ααΌααα±ααα¬ ααα‘ααα»ααΏααΈαα ααα αΌ αααΈαα
αΎαα α±αΎααΈαααα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬α‘ααΌαα α‘αα α»αααα»αα
α»ααα±αα¬αα α±ααΈαα¬αααααΈααααα‘α±ααΌα‘αα αα¬ααα‘α α‘α α₯
α»αα α±αα¬αααΌαααα»αα αα«ααα
α»αααα¬αααααΈαα α±ααΈαα¬ α₯αα±αα»ααα¬ααΈαααα¬αΈ αα MYTCL
α‘α±αα»αα ααα α‘αααααααΈαααα±αα¬ ααααΌαααα‘α α‘α
α(αα)α±ααα¬αααα»αααααα±αα¬αααα αααΈαααΈ α±α α¬αα±αα¬αααα
αα¬ααααααα α±ααΈαααΈαα»αααα±ααΈαα¬ αα α₯αα αα¬αΈα α‘ααΈααα»α
α±αα¬αααΌα α»αααΈα»αα αα«ααα α‘α±ααΈα±ααα ααααΈ α‘α±αα»αα MYTCL
α αα½αΌααΈ ααα(αα) α₯αΈαα α‘αααΈαα α‘ααα‘ααΈα»α
ααΈααα»αα ααΌααΈα±α‘α¬α α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈαα ααα«ααα
α‘αα₯αΈααααΈαααα(α)αα - α±α‘α¬ααα«α‘αααα¬αΈαααα
αα±αα¬αααΌααααα¬αΈααΌα α‘α±αα¬ααΈααΈα±αα¬ ααα±αα¬ααα
αα¬αΈα»αα αΎαα ααααΈα±ααα»αααΈ α₯αα±αα‘α α ααΈαααΈαααα¬αΈ αα
α‘α ααααΌααΈαααααΈαα¬ααΌα ααααΌααΈ ααααΌαα±αα¬ααΈ
αα¬αΈαααα¬ααααα‘α»αα ααα»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈααα«α±αα¬α
ααΌαααα»αα αα«ααα
α‘α¬αΈααΈα±αα¬α‘ααα‘ααα α α¬ααα α¬αααΈ αα¬αΈ αα α‘ αα¬αα
α ααααΈ ααΌααΏααΈαααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ αα¬ααΌαα±α α¬αα
α±αα¬αα»αααΈ ααΌααΏααΈααααα ααααααΌαααα¬αΈα α»ααααα¬αΈ αΎαααααα
α±α‘α¬α α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌααα¬αΈαα«ααα
71
αααα‘αα-ααα±ααΌαα‘α¬αααααα¬αΈαα±αα¬αα±αα¬α‘ααΈ
ααα±αα¬ααααα ααΈα»αααααα¬αΈ
αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α αΌααα α¬αΈααα‘ααα¬ααα¬αΈ αα αααααα α
α±αααααα¬αΈα‘α±αα α‘αα»αααα αααΈααααααααααΈα»αααΈα»αα
α±α»αα±αα¬α±ααΈα±α α»αααΈα α»αα αααα¬αΈαα±α»αα±αα¬αα±ααΈα»αααΈα α ααααΈ
αααα±αα¬αα±ααΌα»αα αα α»ααααα»αααΈα αααα±α»ααααΈαααα¬αΈ
α»ααααα‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈαα¬αΈαα αααα»αααΈα α‘αααα¬ αααΎαα¬αΈα±ααΈ
α»αααΈαα‘ααααα¬αΈαα‘α¬αΈααΈ αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α‘αα αααΎα
ααα±ααααααΎαα¬αΈα±ααΈα»αααΈα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αα¬ααΌαααα»αα
ααααΌααΈα ααααΈα α±αα¬α±αα¬αα»αααΈα α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈ
α ααααΈαα¬αΈ α»ααααα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα α±αα¬ααα α ααααΈα±ααΈ
ααΌα»αααΈα αΎαααααααααΈαα αα αααΈαααααα±αα¬αααΈα»αααΈα α±αα¬α
ααΈα±α ααα±ααΈα ααααααΌαα α»αααα»αααΈα α±αα¬αααΈα αΌαααα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈ
αααΈααα»αααΈα α αΌααΈα‘αα»αααααα α±ααα ααΌααα±αα¬ α‘α±ααΌαα‘
αααααα¬αΈ α‘αααααΈα αα»αααΈα α‘ααααα«αααα ααα±αα¬ααα
αααΈααα»αααΈα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬αα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα αααΈααα»αααΈα α
α±αα¬αα»αααΈ αα α αΌαααα α»αααΈ α αα α±αα¬ααΈα±α‘α¬α α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα
ααα αα«ααααα αΌαααα α»αααα α₯ααΈ αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα α ααααααΌα»αααΈα
α‘ααα ααααΈα αΌαααα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα α αα»αααΈα αααααΈααααΌα
α αα αα α αΌαααα α αΈαααΈα±α α»αααΈα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬α±α α¬ααΎαα
αΎαααα ααΈααα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα αα αααΈαα α±ααα¬αα¬αΈα
α ααααααΌ α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα
αααα‘ααα‘α±αα»αα- ααααΈαα¬αααα±αα¬αααΌααααα¬αΈ
ααΈααα±αα¬αααΌααα α ααααα¬αΈα ααααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬
αα ααα α±αα¬α»ααααα¬αΈα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ ααααα ααα»α
αααα¬αΈα α‘αα»αααααα αααααΈαα α±ααΈαα¬α ααααααΌαα α ααααΈ
αα¬αΈα ααααΌααΈαααααΈααα α±αα¬αααΌαααΌααα α₯αααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ
α‘αααΈα‘α±α α¬ααΈαα α±αα¬α±αα¬αα»αααΈα αααΎααΌα±αα¬ ααα¬ααα¬
αα¬αΈα ααΈααα±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±αα¬ α±αα¬αααααα¬αΈ ααα±α α»αααΈα
αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αα¬αα α‘αα‘α¬αΈα»αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα±α α»αααΈα
ααα»α¬α‘αα α±α»αα¬ααΈαααΈαααααα¬αΈααα α₯αΈααα±αα¬ αα±α
αα α»αααααΌααΏααΈα±α α»αααΈα α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈ α±αα¬
α±αα¬αα»αααΈαα α±αα¬ααααα»ααα±αα¬ αα¬αααα±αα¬αααΌααα
αα¬αΈ α±α α¬ααΎαααΎααααα»αααΈα α»αααααααα±ααΈ α‘α α‘ααα¬αΈ
ααΈα»ααα±αα¬α±αα¬αα»αααΈα αααααΈαα α»αα ααα±ααααΌααΈαααα¬αΈαα
ααααα α‘α α‘ααα¬αΈααΈααα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα
αααααα‘α±αα»αα- α‘αα¬ααααΌααΏααΈαααα¬αΈ αααααΈαα ααα
α±α»αα±αα¬ααα
α‘α α‘ααα¬αΈ αα ααααΈα±αααα αΏααΈααΈα±ααΈ α ααααα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΌα
α»αααΈα α±α»ααα¬αα ααααΈαα¬αΈα α»αα»ααα α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈα»αααΈα
α»αααα αα±αα¬αα±ααΈ αααααΈαα¬αΈ α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα α»αααα
α ααΈαααΈα α»αααα α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈα»αααΈα αα α±αα¬α±ααΈαα¬αααΎααΈαα¬αα
ααααΌααΈαααΎααΈαα¬ααα¬αΈ αα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ ααΈα±αα«ααΈα±αα¬α
ααΌαα»αααΈα ααααΈα±αααααΏααΈααΈα»αααΈ α»ααα¬ααΈαααα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΌα
α»αααΈα α»ααααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ αα«αααααααααα¬αΈα α±αα¬α
ααΌαα»αααΈα αΏααΈααΈαΏααΈα±αα¬ααααΈ ααα ααααααΈαα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΌα
α±ααΈα»αααΈα α»ααααα αααααΈαααα αα«αααααα α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈ
α»αααΈα ααααααααΈα±αα¬ ααααααα‘α α‘α α₯ αααα±αα¬αααΌα
α»αααΈα ααααΌααΈαΏααΈαααααΈαα α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα
MYTCLαα α₯αα±αα±αΎαα¬ααΈα‘α αααα¬αααα α₯αααα¬αΈαα±αα¬α
ααΌαα»αααΈα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬α‘α¬αΈα»ααα‘α±αα¬ααΈααΈα»αα αα α α α₯
α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ αα‘ααααα¬αΈα α»αααααΈ
α±αα¬αααΌααΏαααΈα α±αα¬ααΈααΌααα α‘α α‘ααα¬αΈαα ααα¬α»α‘ααα α
ααα α¬αΈαα¬αα αα¬αααααα±αα¬ ααα¬ααααααΈααα±αα
α±αα«αααα αα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈα»αααΈαα αα«αααα«ααα
72
73
αα½αΌααα αααααΈαΎααΈ ααααααα»αα α±αα¬
αα½αΌααα αααα¬αΈα ααα αα»αααΈ
74
α±ααΈαααΈααα±αα¬αααΌααα
αααα ααα α§αΏαα (αα) ααα±αα ααααΈα αααααΈααΌααααΈαα¬
α±ααΈ αα α±ααΈαααΈαα»αα±ααΈ α ααααααΌαα α αα αα ααAS/NZ5-
4801-2001 α ααααΈ αα α‘α S&K α ααααΈααΌα α αα α‘α±αα¬αα‘
ααα±αα¬α±αα¬αααΌααΏααΈ ααααααα αααα(αα ) ααα±ααααΌα
OHSAS18001:2007 α ααααΈαα α±α»αα¬ααΈαα±αα¬αααΌα ααα«ααα
α€ α‘α±αα¬αα‘ααα±αα¬α±αα¬ααααα α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬ αα
αααααΈαααα¬α₯αα±αα±αΎαα¬ααΈαα‘ααααα¬αΈααα‘ααααααΈααΌα
αααΈαα¬α±ααΈ ααα±ααΈαααΈαα»αα±ααΈα±αα¬αααΌαααα‘α±αα»αα αα¬
ααααααα α±αα¬αααΌααα α»αα αα«ααα
αααα’ααα MYTCLα αΎααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬α‘αααΈα‘α»αα α»αα α αα
αααΈααΌα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈαα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬α αααΈαααΈα±ααΈα α αΌααα α¬αΈαα
αααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αΈααααα αα±αα¬ MYTCLα αααααΈ α±αα¬αααΌα
αααα¬αΈααα±ααΈα₯αα«ααα¬αΈα±αα¬αααΈα±α αα«ααα MYTCL α‘α±α
α»ααααΎαααααα¬αΈαααα¬ α‘α¬αΈααΈα±αα¬ ααααααα¬αΈαα αα
αααΈααΌαααα¬ααααΈα»αα αααα¬αΈααα¬ααΌααα¬αΈααΈααα αΌααΈ αααα
αααα«ααα α‘ααΈα‘α¬αΈα»αα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬α α‘α±α»αα‘α±αα αα
α±αα¬α»αααΈα α‘αα αΌαααα α‘αα»ααα»αααΈαα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬α αααΈααα±ααΈ
αααα«αααα«ααα
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬α α±αα¬ααα»αααΈαα α‘αα αΌααααα‘αα»ααα»αααΈ αααααΈ
αααα¬αΈα AS-4360 α ααααΈααα‘α α±αα¬αααΌαααααααα«ααα
αα¬ααα ααααΈααΌαα αΌααα α¬αΈα±αα¬αααΌαααααααααΈα‘αααΈα‘αα¬
αα αααααΈαα¬αΈαα¬αΈααα αααααΈα α₯αα αααΈα‘ααΌααααΈ
αααααΈαα¬αΈ ααα«ααα ααΌα»αα¬αΈα±αα¬ααααα±αα¬ α‘αα αΌαααααα¬αΈα
α‘ααα¬αα‘ααα‘αα αααΈαααααααΈα α₯αα¬αΈαα α‘ααααΈαα
ααα»αα αα«ααα α±ααΈαααΈαααααΈαααα¬αΈαα αααααΈαααα¬αΈα
α‘ααα»ααααααα¬αΈααΏααΈ α‘αα αΌααααα‘ααα‘αααΈ α‘ααα‘
α±ααΈα αα αααα‘α α‘α α₯α‘ααααΈαααΈαααα¬αΈαα αααααΈαααα¬αΈ
αααα±α‘α¬αα±αα¬αααΌαααα»αα ααα α‘ααααΌαα±ααΈαααΈαα α
α α ααααα‘α±α»ααα‘αα αΌααααα‘α¬αΈ α‘αα»ααα»αααΈ αα α ααααααΌαα
αααΈααα¬αα¬αΈα»αα α αααΈα αααααΈα α₯α‘α¬αΈααΈα ααΈα αΌααα»αα
αα«ααα
α‘αααΈα‘ααΌα α‘αα αααααΈααΌααΏααΈαα - αααααΈααΌα α±ααΈαααΈαα α
α α αα αα α‘αα αΌαααα α‘αα»ααα»αααΈαα¬αΈα α»αααα±αα¬αααΌα α
αα«ααα
αα¬ααα αα α‘ααΌα αα¬ααααα¬ α ααααααΌααα ααααα¬αΈαα α₯αα
αα»ααα αααΈαα¬αα‘ααΌα α±αα¬αααΈ ααΌααΏααΈαααα¬αΈ αα ααα±αα¬
αα±ααΌ α»αα α±α αα α»αα»ααα±αα¬αααΌαααααα«ααα
αααααΈααα±αα¬ααΎαα±αα¬ααα’ααα¬αΈαα αααααα¬ α‘αα
α±ααα¬αα¬αΈααααααΈααΌα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈαα α±ααΈαααΈα±ααΈ α‘α α‘ααα¬αΈ
α»αα ααα±αα¬αα±ααΌα»αα α±α αα α‘ααα‘αααΈα»ααα α±αα±α ααα«
ααα MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα α‘α¬αΈααΈα±αα¬ ααα’ααα¬αΈαα ααααα
αααααΈαα¬αααα¬αΈα±ααΈαααΈαα»αα αΌα¬α»αααα±αα¬αααΌα αΎαα±α αα
α‘αααα¬ ααα¬α±ααΈα»αααΈα α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈα±ααΈα»αααΈ αα ααα α αΌα¬
α»αα ααααα±αα¬αααΌαααααΌαααΎαα±α αα α αα±αα¬αααΌα αα¬αΈ
αα«ααα
αααΈαα¬α»αααΈαα α±ααΈαααΈαα α‘ααα‘αααΈ α»ααα α αΌα¬ααΎαα±α αα
αααΈααααΌαα±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααα¬αΈαααΌα»αα¬αΈα±αα¬ααααα±α α»αααΈα α‘α
α αΌαααα α‘αα»ααα»αααΈαα¬αΈ ααααα±αα¬αααΌααα¬ααΌα αααΈαααα
αα α‘α±ααΈα±ααα‘α±α»αα‘α±αααΌα ααα»ααααααα αΌααΈαα ααααΎαα±α αα
α‘ααααα¬αΈαααΈαα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααα¬αΈ α αααΈαα αα¬ααΌαα
αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαααααα±ααααααΎαα¬αΈαα¬αΈαα«ααα
MYTCL α‘α±αα»αααααα ααα α‘ααΌααΈ α‘ααΈα αΏααΈα»ααα αα
α±ααΈαααΈαα α‘α α‘ααα¬αΈα αα±αα¬αααΌαααα±αα¬αααΈ α‘αα
α±αα¬αα¬αααΌαα¬αΈα‘α±αα»αα 5100LTI αααΈαααΈα±αα¬α±αααα¬αΈα‘α»αα
α‘ααααα±αα«ααΈ α.α αααΈα±αα¬α‘α αααααΈαα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΌα
ααααα«ααα
MYTCL ααΌα ααααααα¬αα¬αΈ αα¬αα‘ααααα¬αΈαα¬αΈ α‘αα¬αΈ
α αα«αααΎααα«αααα‘ααΈαα»ααα ααααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈαα±αα¬αααΌα
αΎαααα«ααα αα½αΌαααα α‘α±αα»αα αα¬αα‘αα ααα¬αΈαα¬αΈ
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααα¬αΈ αα α‘αα αΌαααααα¬αΈα αααααΎα αααα
MYTCL α αααααΈαα±αα¬ααα¬αα ααα½αΌααΈαα α±αα¬α±αΎαα¬α
α»αα αααα ααααα«ααα αααααΈ ααα¬αα‘α»αα ααα¬αΈααΈα
75
αααα±αα¬α±αΎαα¬α ααα»αααα αα α±αα¬αααΌααΎααα αα‘α
αα«ααα ααα±αΎαα¬α α±α αα¬αα (αα)α αα¬αα¬α α‘ααΌααΈ
ααααααα¬αα¬αΈ αα αα¬αα‘ααααα¬αΈ αα¬αΈ α‘ααΌα α±ααΈ
αααΈαα»αα±αα¬αααααΈαα¬αΈ α±αα¬αααΌααααΎααα α αα±αα¬αααΌα
ααΌα¬αΈ αα α»αα αα«ααα
α‘α±αΎαα¬ααΈαα α αα α α»αα α±ααα»αααΈα‘ααΌα α»αα ααα‘α¬αΈ α‘α αα
αα»αααΈαα α α ααΈα α α±ααΈα»αααΈ α ααααΈααααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈα α»ααα¬ααΈ
αααααΏααΈ α»αα αα«ααα α‘α¬αΈααΈα±αα¬ α»αα αααα¬αΈα αα½αΌααα α
α‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈ α‘ααΌααΈ α»ααααα»αα ααΌα¬αΈαα αα»αα αα±α‘α¬α αα¬ααΌα
ααΌα¬αΈαα ααααΌαααα»αα α»αααα»αααΈ α»αα αα«ααα α»αα αα αα¬αΈ α
αααΈ ααΌα»αααΈα αα»αα¬αΏααΈ α‘α±ααΌα±ααΌα±αα¬ α±α α‘αα¬αΈα‘αα¬ α‘
ααΌα ααααΌαα»ααααα«ααα
αααΈαα¬ααα‘ααΌα α»αααα±αα¬αααΌααα α‘α±αα»αα YIC α±ααΈ
ααααα±αα¬αααα S&K α ααααΈαΎααΈα‘ααΌα αααα ααα ααα
αααααΈααα ααα±αα¬αααα±ααΈαα ααα«ααα αααΈαα¬ α±ααΈ
ααα±αα¬αααα α‘ααααα¬αΈαα¬αΈ αα¬αα ααα¬αΈα αααα¬αΈ ααα«
α»αααα±ααΈααα«ααα ααααΌααΈα α‘αααααΈ α±αα¬ααΈ α α αα
αααα±αα¬αα¬αΈαα¬αΈ α ααα¬α±αα¬αΎααΈαα¬αΈ αα ααα±αα ααα
αααα¬αα¬αΈααα«αααΈαα¬α±ααΈααα±αα¬αααα±ααΈα‘ααα«ααα
ααα»αα α‘ααΈα‘αα¬αΈααΌα¬α±αα«ααΈ (αα) α±αα¬α ααΌα¬αααΌα¬αα¬αΈαα¬αΈα
αααΈαααΈαα¬α±ααΈ α±α α¬αα±αα¬αααα»ααα α±ααΈαα«ααα α‘αααΈαα¬αΈ
αααΈ α±αα¬ααΈααα±α ααα α‘ααΈα»ααα α»αα αα«ααα ααααΌααΈ
α±ααΈαααΈαα ααααΌααΈ α±ααΈααα¬αΈαα ααααΌααΈαΏαα αααα
α α αααααΎαααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα ααααΌα ααΌααα α»αααΈα»αα α YIC
α±ααΈααααα±αα¬ααααα¬ αααα αααααΈαα¬αΈα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈ α‘
ααΌα α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈα»αααΈ α»αα αα« ααα
ααααΌααΈα±ααΈαααΈ
αααΈαα α‘ααα‘α¬αΈα»αα ααααΌααΈ αα±αα¬αααα αα α‘α±ααΈ
α±αααααααα α‘αααα¬ααα»αα α αααααα«αα‘ααΌααΈ (α)
ααααααΈααα (α)αα¬αα αα±α(α )αα¬αα‘α αα¬αααα αα
α±αα¬αααα±ααΈαα«ααα α±ααΈαααΈααα¬αααα αα‘ααα ( αα )
αα¬αααααΈ ααα±αα¬αααα»αααα±ααΈαα«ααα
α‘ααΈαα»αα ααα αααα¬αα¬αΈ αα α‘α±ααΈα±αα α‘α±α»αα‘α±ααα¬αΈα
ααα±αα¬ααα α»αααα±ααΈαα«ααα α‘αααΈ α±αα¬αα‘αααΈαα« αααΈ
αα α±ααΈαα α±αα¬αα« αα¬ααΌαα±ααΈααΈα»αααΈ αααααΈαα¬αΈααααΈ
α±αα¬αααΌα α±ααΈαα«ααα
76
α‘α±ααΈα±αα ααα»αααα α±ααααααΈαα¬αΈ ααααΈ αα¬α α‘αα
α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈαα«ααα α±ααΈαααααα¬ α α α±ααΈαααα¬αΈααααΈ
αααα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈαα«ααα α‘αααααα±αα¬αα α±ααΈα α α»αααΈ
αα S&K α ααααΈα α‘ααα ααααα¬αΈα αααα α α±ααΈ α±ααΈ
αα«ααα α±ααΈα α α»αααΈααΌα αααααΆα¬ α‘α»αααααΈ α α α±ααΈα»αααΈα
α‘αααα α‘α±ααΈααααα»αααΈα αα«αααααα»αααΈαα α±ααΌαΈα±αα¬α
α α α±ααΈα»αααΈα α‘ααααα¬αΈαααΈα αα αα αα αα ααα α±ααΈ
α α α±ααΈααα‘α»αα α‘ααα α‘α±ααΌααα αααααα±ααΌαααα±αα¬
α±ααα¬αα¬αΈα α‘ααααααα¬αΈα (α)ααα αΎαα α±ααΈα α α±ααΈ
αα«ααα
ααααΌααΈα±ααΈα
ααα (αα) ααΈα α±ααΈαα»αα α ααα¬αα (α)α₯αΈα ααΌα¬αΈααα¬αα
(α) α₯αΈα αα ααα¬α»α (α) α₯αΈα α‘αααα¬α»α (α) α₯αΈ αα αα¬αΈ α±ααΈ αΏααΈ
α‘αα¬ααααΌαααΈααααααα¬αΈααα α α₯α±αα¬αααΌαααααα«ααα
α±ααΈααα±αα±ααΈα±ααΈα ααα ααΈα αα«αααααα αα α±ααΌαΈα±αα¬α
α α α αα ααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈααααΈααΈ ααα¬αααα ααΌα¬αΈαα«αααααα αα
α‘ααααΈ αα«αααααα α (Ultrasound) αα¬αΈαα¬αΈαα±ααΈαα«ααα
α±ααΈαα‘α±αα»αα ααα¬αα¬αΈ αα±ααΈ αααα α»αααα±ααΈαα«ααα
α‘ααααα¬αΈαα¬αΈα ααα¬αΈα αααα¬αΈ α α‘α±ααΈα±αααααααα‘ααα
ααα¬αα¬αΈα αα¬ααΌαα±ααΈααΈα»αααΈα α±ααΈα α α±ααΈα»αααΈαα¬αΈα α»ααα
α±ααΈαα«ααα α»αααααα¬α±ααΈαααααα α‘ααΌααΈααα¬ α±ααΈαα
αααααααΈα α‘α±ααΈα α¬αΈ ααΌα αααα»αααΈαα α‘ααααΌα αααα»αααΈ
αα¬αΈαααα»αα ααααα±αα¬ααα¬αΈα α±ααΈααα»αααΈα αα¬ααΌαα±ααΈ
ααΈα»αααΈα αα αα α±α‘α¬α αα±ααΈαα¬αΈα αα¬ααΌαα±ααΈ ααΈα±ααΈ
α»αααΈαααα ααΌααααα¬ααΌαααααα¬ααα±α‘α±ααΈααΈαα¬αΈα»ααα αΌα
α±ααΈα»αααΈαα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΌα αα«ααα
αααααα±ααΈααααα±ααΈα»αααΈ
ααααααΈα αα¬αααααΈα±αα¬ααΎαααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα YIC α±ααΈαααΈα
α±ααΈααα±αα¬ααα α±ααΈαα«ααα α‘αααααα α±ααΈα α α±ααΈα»αααΈα
α±ααΈαααααα¬α±ααΌαΈα±ααΌαΈα±ααΈαΏαααΈα α±ααΈαα«αΈαα¬αΈ αΏαααα±αα±ααΈαΏαααΈα
αα«αααΌαααΈα α ααΈααα α α±ααΈα±ααΈαΏαααΈα α‘ααΈαααα αα α±ααΈα
αααΏαααΈαα¬αΈ αααΌα α‘α±ααΌα±ααΌ α±ααΈαααααα¬αΈα α±αα¬αααΌα
α±ααΈ αα«ααα
77
78
α‘ααα‘αααΈ α»ααααα¬α±α αα αααΎαα¬αΈα»αααΈ
79
αααΈααα¬αΈαα¬αΈα‘ααΌα α‘ααα‘ααα±αα¬α±αα¬αα±ααΈα»αααΈ
α±ααααα¬αΈα‘α±αα»αα α‘αααααΈααα¬αααΎαα¬αΈ αααα¬α»αα ααα±α
αααα«α MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα α€α‘αααααα»αααα«ααα αα α»αα α
α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈα±ααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯α‘α±αα»αα αααααΈααΌα α±ααα
αααΎαα¬αΈααα α αα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα»αα α»αααα¬αααΈ ααααα¬αΈαααΈ
αααα αααα α±αααα ααα¬α»α α±α‘α¬αα»ααααααα±α αα α‘
ααΌαα»αα αα«αααααααααα α‘ααΌαMYTCLααααΌααΈ αααααΈα
ααααα αΎαααα¬αΈα α‘ααΈαΎαααα α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈ αα
α α α₯αα ααα«ααα ααα¬ααααα¬αΈα α±ααΌα α¬αααΈαα αααΈ αα¬αΈα
α‘αααΌααΈαααααααΈαα¬αΈα α±ααααα¬αΈα α»αααα±ααΈα»αααΈ α»ααα α
αααΈα±ααα‘ααΌααΈ α‘ααα±ααΌαΈαααΈα±αα¬ααΈ ααα¬αααα¬αΈαα±α
αα¬αααααα±αα¬ α‘ααΈα±ααΈααΈαα¬αΈ αααα¬ααα»αα αα«ααα αα
α»αα ααααααα»αα¬αΈα±αα α‘α±ααΌαα‘αααα¬αΈααα« αααα αα
α±α αααα«ααα
αααΈααα¬αα αααααΈαααα¬αααααΈ
α ααα±αα¬ααα α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α αααααΈααΌααααααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯
αα¬ααΌαα α±αα¬ αααα ααα αα ααααΏααΈαα (α) αααα±α»αα¬α
α‘αααα αΎαα¬αΈααα‘α α‘α α₯ α»αα αα«ααα α±αααα±ααΈαα¬αα α
αααΌααααα¬αααααΈαα¬αΈαα¬αΈα‘α±αα»ααα‘α±α»αααααααα¬αΈ
α ααααααα‘α»ααααα±ααΌααααααΈααΌαααααΈ α‘ααΈααα
αα ααα¬α αΌααΈααααααα»αα αα«ααα α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈααα‘α
α‘α α₯α αα½αΌααΈααα‘ααααα¬αΈαα¬αΈα±ααααΌααα¬ααααα‘α»αα
α‘αα ααα¬αΈ αα¬αΈα‘α±αα»αααααΈααα¬αα¬αα¬αααααααΈαα¬αΈ
αα¬αα ααα¬α»αα‘ααα»ααα ααααΈ α‘αααα¬αΈααα«αα αα α¬αΈαααα«
ααα
αα‘α±αΎαα¬ααΈα‘αααΈαα¬αΈα±αΎαα¬α αααααΈαα¬αΈαα¬αΈα αΌα¬ αααα
α»αααα α‘ααα±ααΌαΈ αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈ α‘αα αααΈα αα¬αΈααΌα
α‘αααααΎααΏααΈ α‘α»αα α»αααααα¬αα¬ααα¬αΈααααΈ ααααα±α
αΎααα«ααα
α±ααααααα¬α
MYTCL ααααΌααα±αα¬ (αα) αα αααααα αααΎαα¬αΈ α±ααααα
α αααα (αα)α ααααΈααα»αα αΏααΈ (αα) ααα¬ αα‘α α α¬α±ααΌα
αααΈααα¬αα αααΎαα¬αΈααα‘α»αα αααΈα±αα¬ααΈα (αα)ααα¬α‘αα
ααΌαααα±ααΌααααΎαα¬αΈαα α‘α»αα αααΈα±αα¬ααΈ αα«αααα«ααα α€
αα½αΌααΈαααα ααααΈαα αΏααΈααΈα±α‘α¬αα»αααΏααΈα±αα¬α αααααΈαα¬αΈ
αα¬αΈαα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈα±ααΈ αα αααααΈαααααΈαααΈ
αα¬ααΌαα»αααΈα α±ααΈα₯αΈααα¬α»ααααααΈα ααΌαααα¬α‘α±α»αα αα½αΌααΈ
αααααα¬αΈαα α‘αα€ααα α¬ αααααΎαα¬αΈαα¬αΈαΏααΈ α»αα αΎααα«ααα
αα½αΌααΈαααααααααΈαα¬αΈ αΏααΈα±α»αα¬ααΏααΈα±αα¬α α‘ααα±ααΌαΈαααΈ
α±αα¬ααΈααα‘ααΈα‘α α¬αΈα‘α ααΌ α»αα¬αΈαααααΏααΈ α αΈααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈα ααα¬α±ααΈ
α‘ααΌαα‘αααΈα±αα¬ααΈ αα α±α‘α¬α α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈαα«ααα
α±αααααα±αα¬αααΌααα
MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα αααΈααα¬α±ααααα α‘α α‘α α₯α‘α»αα αα
ααΌααΈα ααααααααα±αα¬α±αα¬αα ααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈα αααα
ααα»αααΈα αααΈαααΈαααα¬αααΌαα¬αΈ α ααααα¬αΈαα«ααα αα αααααΈ
ααα±ααΎαα (αα) α₯αΈααα«ααα αα±α α‘α (ααα) α₯αΈ αα
αααΈ ααα±αα¬ααΏααΈ α»αα αα«ααα
αααααΈααΌααΏααΈααααΌααΈααααααΈ
MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα αα¬αααΌα ααΈααααΌααΏααΈαα ααααΌααα
α‘αα€ααα α¬ αα½αΌααΈαααααα ααΌαααα¬ αααααΈαα¬αΈ α αα¬αααΌ
α‘αα α‘ααΌαα‘α±ααΈα±ααΈ α±αα¬αααΌααα«ααα αααα-αααα ααΌα
αααααΈ (α) αααΌααα α±ααΈααα«ααα
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬α αααΈαααΈα±ααΈαα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αααααΈ
ααα¬α»αα‘ααα αα ααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈ αααααΈ α ααααΈαα¬αΈ αα α‘α
α±ααα±αα αααΈααα¬αααα¬αΈαα αααΈαα αααΌαα±ααααΌααΈ
αα¬αα αααα αα αα αααααΈααααααα α±αα¬αααα
80
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈα±ααΈαα αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ αα±ααα
αα¬αααΌα αααααΈ α αα±αα¬αααΌααα αα¬ααααΈα±α‘α¬αα α‘α±αα¬α
α‘ααα±αα¬ α±αα¬αααΌααα¬αΈαα«ααα
α‘ααααα¬αΈαααΈα α₯α¬αα αΌααΈααα»αα αααααΈα‘α α‘α α₯
α‘α»ααα‘αα±ααΈαΏααΈ α‘α»αα α»αααααα¬ α‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈαα¬αΈαααΈα
ααΌααΏααΈα±α‘α¬α αααΌα α±αα¬α ααΌα α±ααα«ααα
α±ααΈαααΈαααα αααααΈαααααα¬ α±ααα¬ αααααα
αααααΈααΌαα±ααα¬αααΈα α₯α¬ααα α±αα¬ααΈ αααααΈ αα¬αΈα»αα
α±αααα α‘α αααααα¬αΈ ααα±α αα¬ ααα ααα»α
α±αα¬αααΌαααα±ααΈ α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌααα ααα«ααα
Session Period Duration Trainees
First 2001-2003 30 months 9
Second 2002-2004 30 months 11
Third 2003-2005 30 months 15
Fourth 2004-2006 29 months 15
Fifth 2005-2007 29 months 14
Sixth 2006-2008 29 months 20
Seventh 2007-2009 24 months 26
Eighth 2011-2013 24 months 34
Total Participants 144
81
Subject Number of Employees
Pre-Intermediate English 21
Pump Application and Maintenance 5
Basic Electricity 11
Basic Hydraulics 7
Workshop Practice 4
Wiring Rules 3
2012
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1st Phase OJT 2nd Phase Theory 2nd Phase OJT
2013
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
3rd Phase Theory 3rd Phase OJT
2011
Sep Oct Nov Dec
1st Phase Theory
82
83
αα½αΌααα α αααα αΈαα α±ααΈαα¬
84
ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α ααα ααΌααα αα
αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α ααααααΌααα αα αα αααααΈα±αα¬α ααΌα
α ααααα α‘ααΈαααα«αααα α ααα±αα¬α α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α α α
αααΈαα¬αΈααΌα αααααΈααα»αααΈα α±α α¬ααΎαααΎααααα»αααΈαα α‘α
ααα¬ααααααΈαααααΈαααΈα±ααΈααα«ααα¬αΈαα α αα¬αΈ αααα¬αΈ
ααααα¬ ααααα±αα¬αααΌαααααΏααΈ αααΈααα«ααα¬αΈ αααα
α α±α αα α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα αααααΈ αα αααΈ αα αα¬αΈααα
ααΌαα±α‘α¬αα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈαααα SGS (SOCIETE GENERAL
DE SURVEILLANCE) ααα‘α α α α₯ α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈ α»αα αα«ααα
α ααα±αα¬ααα α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬αα ααααΈααΌα α‘ααααα¬ααα
αααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αααααααα‘αααΎααΈα±ααΈααα α α α±ααΌαα
αα«ααα
α) α‘αα₯αα¬ααα±αα¬ α±αα¬αα±αα¬ααα¬αΈ (α»αα ααα±αα αααα¬
ααααΌααΈαααα¬αΈαα α αΌαααα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα α»αα αα αα«ααα)
α) α±ααΈα₯αα«αα»αα α±α α±αα¬ αααα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα (αααααα¬ααΌα
α»ααα±αα«ααΈαα¬αΈα αα¬αααα α‘ααα αα ααααααα α₯ αα«α
α»ααα¬αα»αα α±αααα¬αα α αΌαααα αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα
α) α αααΈα±α»αααααα (ααα»αααα αΌα¬ ααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈα±αΎαα¬α α±α»α
αα¬α±ααα¬ ααααααα¬αΈ)α
α) αααααααααααΈαα αααα ααααααα α αΌαααα
αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈ(α‘αααααααα¬αΈα α ααααα αα α α±αα¬αα¬α
ααααα‘αΈαα¬αΈ)
β’ ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬α αα‘ααααα α‘α α‘α α₯αα¬αΈαα
αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αααα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈαα ααα±αα¬ααα αα¬αΈα
α αα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈ α»αα αα«ααα α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌααααα¬αΈα ααΈ
αΎαα¬αΈ αααΎααΌα αΌα¬ α‘α α₯αα α α±α α¬ααΎαα αΎααααα»αααΈα»αα
ααα¬α αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αα¬αΈα α‘ααΈααα±αα¬αααα
αααααα«ααα
β’ α±ααΌααααα‘α±α»αα¬ααΈα‘ααα¬αΈα ααα¬ααα¬αΈα ααΈαααα
α‘αααα»ααααααα‘α α‘α α₯αα¬αΈαα»αα»ααα±αα¬αααΌαααα«ααα
β’ α‘α±ααΈα α ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬αααΈαααΈαα αα
ααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈα ααα±αα¬αα α‘α±αα¬αα‘αα α±αα¬
α±αα¬αααΌααα ααα«ααα
β’ ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α‘α±ααΈα±αααααα»αααα α‘α α‘α α
α‘α±αα¬αα‘ααα±αα¬ α±αα¬αααΌααα¬αΈαΏααΈαα α‘α»αα αα¬α
αααΈα αααααΈαα¬αΈα α‘α±α»αααα±αα¬ ααα±ααΌαα‘ααΈα»αα
αα¬αΈα α±ααααααΎαα¬αΈ α ααα¬αΈ αΏααΈ αΏαα αα α
β’ ααα¬α αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α‘ααΈααα±αα¬αααααα
ααααΈα»ααα MYTCL α α ααααΈαααΈα‘ααΌα α ααααααΌ
α±αα¬αααΌααα ααα«ααα
β’ αααΈααα¬ ααα±α»αα¬ααΈα±ααΈα»αααΈα α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌαα ααα¬α
αααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α ααααααΌαααα¬αΈα αα¬αΈαααααα±α αα
αααααΈααΌαα‘ααΌααΈαα‘α»ααααααααααΈαααα±αα¬αααΌα αα
ααα«ααα
α‘α¬αΈααΈα±αα¬αααααΈαα¬αΈα ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ααα
αααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα ααα»αααα±αα¬αα αΌα¬ αααα»ααααααα±ααααα
αΎαα¬αΈ α±ααΈαα¬αΈαΏααΈα»αα αα«αααααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ ααα
αααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα α‘α¬αΈααΈα±αα¬ ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬α α¬αα
α α¬αααΈαα¬αΈαα¬ α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈ α»αααα¬αΈαα«ααα αααααΈ αα¬αΈα
α‘ααΌααααααααα α±αα¬ααΈα αΌα¬αααΈαααΈ αα¬αΈαα« ααα
αααΈααα ααΈααα α±αααα±α αααα α α₯αα αα»αα ααΈ
ααααΌααΏααΈα±α αα α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌααα«ααα
αααα¬α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈ
ααα¬α»α‘ααα ααααΌααΈα‘α»αα ααααα α ααα±αα¬α αα
α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α α ααααΈα ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α α
αααααΌαα α αα αΏαα αα±αα¬αα αΌα¬ α±α α¬ααΎαααΎαααααα ααα«ααα
αα α α₯αα αααΈ α ααααΈαααααΈα α α α α α α±ααΈ α±αα¬αααΌααα
ααα«ααα α αα¬α€αααα SGS αααααΈα α α α α α±ααΈαΎαααα¬αΈα»αα
85
MYTCL α ααααΈα αααααΈα‘α¬αΈααΈα‘ααΌα αααααα¬αΈα
αα ααααΌααααΈα±αα¬ααΈα ISO 14001 αα ISO 9001α αα
ααααΌαααα±αα¬ααΈ α α α±ααΈαα«ααα αααα ααα α αααα
ααΌα SGS αααααΈα α α‘ααΌαα OHSAS 18001 ααααα‘ααΌαα α
α±ααΈαααα¬αΈ α»ααααα«ααα MYTCL αααααΈ αα¬αΈα»αα αα¬αααΌααΈ
α α α±ααΈααα‘ααΌα ααΌαα SGS α α α α±ααΈα‘ααΌα αα½αΌααΈαααααααΈαα¬αΈ
ααα‘α (α)α αα αΎαα αα¬αααΌααΈ α α α±ααΈαααα¬αΈ α»αααααα«
ααα
α»αα ααα»αα ααΌα¬αΈαα
ααα¬ααααααΈααα±ααΈαα¬ α»αα αααα¬αΈα α‘α αααα α¬αα αααΈ
α»αα α α₯ α»αα ααΌα¬αΈααα‘ααΌα ααΈααα±α»αα¬ααΈαα»αα»αααααα¬αΈ αα±α α¬α
αΎααα±αα¬αααΌαα±αα¬ααααα»αα αα«ααα αααα ααα ααΌα α
αα¬αααα±ααΈ α‘ααα¬α ααα±ααα±αα«ααα»ααΈ αααΈααααα α
α±αα¬ααΈααΈαα¬αΈ α±ααα±αα«αααα«ααα
α.α α‘ααααααααααααΏααΈα±αα¬α αααααα±αα«ααΈ (αα)αΎαα
αααααααα«ααααααΈααα‘αααΈααα‘ααΌααΈ α‘α±ααα±α»αα¬αα αΌαα
αα α±α»αα α¬αα α₯ααΈααα¬ αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα ααα±αα¬α αααααΈα
αα«ααα αααααΈα ααααααΌα±ααΈαααΈαα α α ααΈα α α±ααΈα±ααΈα‘ααΌααα ααΌα
α»αα αα KNIGHT PIESOLD AUSTRALIAN α‘ααα±ααΈ αααΈα
ααα α α±ααΈαΎααΏααΈ αααΈα»αα ααΌα¬αΈαααα¬ PUNCHING SHEER α±αΎαα¬αα
ααΈα»αααΎααα«αααα±α»αα±α‘α¬αα‘ααα¬α±ααΌααα¬αΈααα±αΎαα¬α α‘α±αα
α±α»αα¬αααα α αΌααα α±α»αα α¬ αααααΈα α‘α±αααααα (αα) α
αααα¬α‘α α±ααΌααα¬αΈ α±αα¬ααα±ααα«ααα α ααα α»αα α α₯α±αΎαα¬α
MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα α±α»αα α¬α αΌαααα αααΈ α αα ααα αΌα¬ αα»ααααα¬αΈαα
α αα αΌαααα α±α»αα α¬αα¬αΈαα α±ααΈααΌα¬αα¬αΈ α‘α α»αααααα±αα¬αα
ααΌα¬αΈαααα«ααα αααααΈ α±αα¬α ααΌααααα¬αΈα α»ααααα«ααα
α±α»αα»ααα±ααα α±α»αα±α‘α¬αα±α ααα¬ αα¬αΈα α±α α¬ααΎαααΎαααααΏααΈ
αααΈαααΈαα α±α‘α¬αα»αααα«ααα
ααα±αΎαα¬α αααα αΎααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬ αααααααΈα ααααα«α αα½αΌααΈαα
α‘α¬αΈα»ααααααΈααα¬αΈαα α₯αΈαααα ααΈαα¬α±ααα±αα¬αα« ααΌα¬αΈ
αα«ααα αααΈα»αα αααα α»αα α±αα¬αα»αα α α»αα αααα αα»αα αΏααΈ
αααΈααα α»αα αααα¬αΈ α±αα¬αααα±ααα±αα«ααα αα α»αααααα
α ααααα¬αΈ α‘αααα α»ααααα¬αΈαα«ααα
α±α»ααα¬ααααα
MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα α±α»αα§ααα¬ (αααα) αααα¬α‘α α±α»ααα¬αΈ α
αα±αα¬αααΌαααααα¬αααΈα±α»αααΌαα αααΈα±α»αααΌααα¬αΈαα±αα¬α
αααΈαα¬αΈα α±ααΈα±αα¬ααΈ ααααΈα±αα¬αα±αα¬ααΌααΈαα¬αΈ αα«ααα«ααα
αααααΈαα¬αΈ ααΈα±αα¬ααααα»αααΈα±αΎαα¬α ααα¬αα±α»α α‘α±α
α‘αα¬αΈαα¬αΈ αααΌαα±ααΌ α±α»αα¬ααΈααααα¬αΈ α»αα α±αααα¬ααα MYTCL
α‘α±αα»αα α±α»ααααΌααΈ ααα αΈαα αααΈαα«αΈ α±α‘α¬αα‘α αΌααΈ ααα±αα¬α
ααΌααα α»αα αα«ααα αααα ααα α α α (α ) αα α ααααΈ α»αα
α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈ αα α ααΈαααΈα α»ααα±ααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯ αα¬αΈα
ααααα¬αΈαα«ααα α ααα±αα¬αα α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α α ααααΈααΌα
α±αααααααα’ααα¬αΈα α‘αααΈ ααΈαα¬ αααα±α αα αα
α»αααα±αα¬αααΌααΎααα α α α₯αα¬αΈ αα«ααα
ααΈααΈααα±αα¬αα±αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ α ααα ααΌαα
S&K α ααααΈααΌαααα¬ααααααΈααα‘α¬αΈααΈααΈ ααα±αα¬α
α±α ααα±αα¬ α±ααα¬ (α)α±ααα¬α ααααααα ααΌα αααααΈαα¬αΈ
αα¬αΈααΏααΈα»αα αα«ααααααΈαααααΈααα‘αα«ααΌα αααΈα±ααα¬αα¬αΈ
αααΈ αααααΈααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«ααα ααα‘ααα α±ααΌαααα¬αΈ
α±αα¬ααΈααΈααα±αα¬ααα MYTCL αα±ααα¬α‘α¬αΈααΈ α»αα
αα α»αα ααΈα±αα¬αααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«ααα ααΌααα±αα¬ αα
ααΈα±αα¬ αααααα αααααΈααΌααα«ααα±αα¬ α‘α»ααα±αα¬αα
αααα αα ααααα αΌαααα ααΈα±αα¬αααα¬αΈαααααΈαααααΈα
ααα αααΈα±α α±αα¬ α±ααα¬αα¬αΈ α»αα αΎααα«ααα MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα
ααα ααααα±αα¬ αα αααΈααα»αα α±ααα±ααα α±ααα¬αα¬αΈ α‘α¬αΈ
αααΈαααΈ α»αα»αααα αα¬αααααα«α
α ααα±αα¬αα α ααα±αα¬α (α±αα¬α)α αααΈαααΈααΌα ααααΌα
αα¬αΈα αααααΈ α‘α ααααΌααα¬αΈαα αααααΈα α₯ α‘ααΌααΈ
86
αααα±ααα ααΈααΈααα±αα¬αααα±αα¬ α±ααα¬αα¬αΈ α»αα αα«
ααα αααΈα±ααα¬αα¬αΈαα α‘αααα« (α) α±ααα¬αα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ ααα
αααΈ αααΈαααααΈα±ααΈα»αααΈα α»ααααααΈα±αα¬αα±ααΈ α»αααΈαα¬αΈ α»α
ααααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«ααα MYTCL α ααααΌααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ ααα¬
ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈα±ααΈα ααααααΌαα α‘α α‘α α₯αα Natural
Environment Protection Council of Australia α α ααα ααΌααΈ
αα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ ααΈαα¬αΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬ αααααΈα α₯αα¬αΈ α‘αααΈ α±α α¬ααΎαα
αααααα ααα«ααα
αα ααα α»αααααα¬αΈαα±αα«αα±αα¬ααα α αΌαααα α±α»ααα¬αΈ α»αααα
αα±αα¬αα±ααΈ
MYTCL αα αααΈαααααΈαα¬ααα α±αα¬ααααΈαα¬ααα ααΌα
ααα¬αααα±α»ααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈααα‘α±α»αα‘α±ααααΈαα α»ααααα±αα¬α
ααα‘ααΌα α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈααΌα α‘αα αα¬ααααα«ααα
α±α»ααα¬αα¬αΈ ααααα»αα αα α±αα¬αα±ααΈαα α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈ
αααααΈαα¬αΈα αααΈααΈα±αα¬ααα α±α‘α¬ααα« α§ααα¬αα¬αΈααΌα
ααααα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈααα«ααα
β’ ααα αααΈααΈα±αα¬ α±αα¬αααΌααα»αααΈα»αα α±α»ααα¬αα¬αΈαααα
α»αα α»αααΈα
β’ α‘ααΈα»ααααα±αα¬α±α»ααα¬αα¬αΈα
β’ ααααααΈααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈα Tailing-spilling α§ααα¬αα¬αΈα
β’ ααα αααΈααΈα±αα¬ α±αα¬αααΌααΏαααΈ α α αΌα αα α±α»αααα¬αΈ
αααΈααα ααα αααΈααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈα±αΎαα¬α αααα α»αα ααΌα¬αΈα±αα¬
α§ααα¬αα¬αΈα (αααΈα§ααα¬αα¬αΈαα α±αα¬αα‘αα¬αα αα¬αααΌα
αααΈ αααΈααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈ α±αα¬αααααα±αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αΈ) ααΌα αα
αααααΈαααα¬αΈαα ααΈααααα¬αΈα»ααααα αααΈα»αα ααΌααΈαααα
α±α»ααα¬αα¬αΈα»αα αα¬αα ααΈαα αα¬αα¬α α ααααΈα»αα α»ααααα
α±αα¬αα±ααΈα ααΌααΏααΈα»αα ααΌααΈα±α‘α¬α α±αα¬ααα₯αΈα±ααΈ ααα«ααα
α€ααΈαα αααααΈα αααα MYTCL α αα ααααα»αααα
αα±αα¬αα±ααΈ α‘α α‘α α₯α αααα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈααΌα¬αΈαα«ααα α€
αα α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈα α‘ααα»ααα±αα¬αααΌα
ααααα»αααΈα»ααααα αΈα±αα¬α±α»ααα¬ α‘αααΈααΈ α‘α±α»αα‘α±ααα
α±α α¬αα±αα¬αα±ααΈααΌα¬αΈαααα«ααα α€α»αααα α α±αα¬αα±ααΈ α‘α
α‘α α₯αααα¬ααΌαα±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±αα¬αααα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈααα±α‘α¬
αα»αα αα αα¬αΈα αΌα¬ αααα«ααα αααα ααα ααααΈα α α α±αα«ααΈ
(ααα)αααα¬α α»αααα αα±αα¬αα±ααΈααΏααΈ α»αα αα« ααα
αααα ααα α ααααΈα αααΈαα αα¬ α.α αααα¬ααΌα
αα ααα±αα«ααΈ (ααααα) α α ααΈ α±ααΈαα α»αα αα«ααα
α‘αααααα‘α¬αΈα»αααααααΈα±α»ααα ααα±αα«ααΈ(ααααα)ααα α α
ααααΏααΈ ααααααα ααΌα (αα) α±α»α αα αα¬α α»αααα α
α±αα¬αα±ααΈααΏααΈα»αα αα«ααα α€αααααΈααΌα αααα¬αΈαΏααα±αα¬ααΈ
ααΌααΈαα‘α±αα¬α(α.α)αααα¬αα±αα¬α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈα‘
ααΌααα¬αΈαα αααΈαΏααα±αα¬α α±αα¬αααα‘αααααΈααΌα α‘αα
α±αα«ααΈ (ααααα) α αααΈα±ααΈααΏααΈα α‘αα αα±αα¬ααα¬αΈα±αα¬αααΈ
α±αα¬ααΌα¬α‘ααΈα ααα±αα¬α α αΌαααα α±α»αα ααα±α»αα±αα¬α±ααα¬ααΌα
α‘ααα±αα«ααΈ (αααα)α α.α αααα¬α±ααααΌα α αααΈα±ααΈ
ααα«αααMYTCL αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈα±αΎαα¬α ααααα»αα α±α
α±αα¬ α±α»ααααα¬ (α.α) α§ααα¬ α‘αα¬αΈα‘αΏαα¬αΈ α±ααααΌα α‘ααΈααΈ
α±αα¬αα α±α ααΈα α ααααα α ααΈα±ααΈααα«ααα αααα α αα
ααΌα S&K α ααααΈαα¬αΈ α‘ααααα α»αα α±αα±αα¬αααα¬α±α»α αα.α
α±ααααΌα α»αααα αα±αα¬αα±ααΈ αααααΈ α‘α»αα αα αα α±αα«ααΈ
(ααααα) αα αα ααΈα α ααΈα αα«ααα±αα¬ αα ααα±αα«ααΈ (αααα)
ααα αα αααΈ α±ααΈ ααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«ααα
αααα¬α»ααα‘α±αααα±α
MYTCL S&K α ααααΈαα α‘ααααΈαα‘ααΌααΈαα±αα¬ααΏααΈα
α‘α±ααΌααα»αααΈααααΈ α‘ααΌαα»αααα¬αΈαΏααΈ ααΈααΌα¬ααΌααΈααα‘αα α‘αα α‘
αααα¬ααα«ααα α ααααΈ ααααα‘ααΌααΈ αα«ααα±αα¬α‘α±ααα
α±αααα α‘αααΈααααααα¬ααΏααΈ α±α‘α¬ααα« α‘αααΈ α‘αα₯αΈ
ααΈα±αα¬α»ααααα«ααα
87
α αα±α»αα±αα
α±αααααα¬ααααααΈααα αααΈααααα»αα ααΈααΌααΈαα¬αααΌα
αα±ααΌαα»αααααα«ααααααΈαααα¬αα αα±α»αα‘αααααααα«αα α
αα¬ααααααΈααααααα±αα¬αα±ααΌα αΌα¬ααΌααααα αα α αααΈ
αα±ααΈαα«ααα
α±ααααα¬αΈ
αααααΈααααααα±αα¬αα±αα±αα¬ααααΌαα±α»ααα¬αΈα ααΌαα
αα¬αα αα αααΈα±αα¬α±ααα¬αΈα α α ααΈαα¬αΈααα αααΈαααα
α±ααααα¬αΈα α‘αααα ααα±αα¬ααα¬αΈαα«ααα Process
Solution α±ααααα¬αΈα α‘α α₯α±α α¬ααΎαα αααΈαααΈαα¬αΈαΏααΈ
αααααΈααα αααΈααΌααΈα»αα αα ααα¬αΈα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈα±αααα αααΈαα
αα»αα α±α ααα‘ααΌα α‘αα¬α‘ααΌαα±ααΈα α α±ααΈα±ααΈαα«ααα
α±α»αα±α‘α¬αα±α
S&K α ααααΈ ααααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈα»αααα±αα±αα¬ α§ααα¬α±α‘α¬α
α±ααααααΈ α±αα±α‘α¬αααα¬αα α αα±ααα«ααα
α€α±α α±α‘α¬αααα¬α α±αα‘ααα‘α»αααα α αΌαα α±αα¬αα¬ααα
αα»αααΈα±αα¬αα¬αα±ααααααΏααΈα‘α±α»αα¬ααΈα‘ααα¬αΈααα«ααα
MYTCL αα S&K α ααααΈααΌα ααΌααΈααα±αα«ααΈ (αα)α±αα¬
ααΈα±αα¬αΏααΈ α±α»αα±α‘α¬αα±α α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈα α α α±ααΈααα«ααα
α±α»αα±α‘α¬αα±αα α±αα¬ααα¬αΈα±αα¬ααΌααΈαα¬αΈ α‘ααΌααΈα αααα¬
α»ααα±α‘α¬α(αα) ααα¬ααΌα αα±αΎαα¬ααΈ α±ααα¬α±ααΌααααα«ααα
αααΈαααΈααΌα ααααΌααΈαα α αααΌααα¬α±αα¬ α±αααα¬α α±αα α
α αα»αα α αααα α±ααα¬αΈααααααΈααα α α α±ααΈαΏααΈ α±αα¬α ααα
αααΈ α±αα¬α±ααα¬αΈα ααα¬αΈα±αα¬ααΈ α‘ααΌααΈαα α αΌαααα αααα«
ααα ααΌααααα‘αα‘ααααΈαα±αα¬ αα«αααΌ αααΈα αααΈα±α
αααα¬αα¬αΈα α‘α α₯αα αα ααΈααα α α±ααΈαααα¬αΈααα±ααΈ αα« ααα
αααα¬αΈα»αααααΌααα»αααΈααααΈααα»αααΈ
ααααΈα±αα¬α±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈαα αααΈαα¬αΈα±αααααααα¬αΈα α‘ααα
αα¬αΈ α±αααα‘α¬αΈα»αα ααααα±α αα«ααα ααα»αα αααααΌα±αα¬α±α
αα¬α αΎααααΌαα ααα±αα¬αα±ααΈα±αα¬α±ααα¬αα αααααΈα ααα¬αΈ
α±αα¬ α±ααα¬αα¬αΈ αα αααΈ ααααα±α αα«ααα MYTCLαα αααα¬αΈα
α‘ααααα¬αΈ ααΈα»αα¬αΈα»αα α±α αα αααΈααα¬αααα α±αα»ααααα»αααΈ
α±ααΈα α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈα»αααΈα αααΈαααΈααΌα αααααΈ αΎααααΌα ααα
αααααΌαα¬αΈα±αα¬αααααΈ α ααα¬αΈα±αα¬ α±ααα¬αα¬αΈαα αααααΈ
αααααα¬αααΈαα±αΎαα¬ααΈαα¬αΈαααΌαα±αααα¬ααααααα‘ααααα¬αΈ
ααααΈααα±ααΈααα»αα αα«ααα α‘ααααααα‘ααααα¬αΈ ααααα
α±ααα α§ααα¬αα¬αΈααΌα ααα α‘ααααα¬αΈαα α α±ααΈα±ααΈ αα
αααα¬ (αα ) αααααααα¬αΈαα«ααα αα α₯ αααααΈαα
αα¬αΈα±αα¬ α‘α±α»αα‘α±αα‘ααα‘αααΈα α»ααααααΈαααα«ααα
αααΈααΌααΈα±ααα¬ααααααααα¬αα¬αααΈαααΈα»αα α±αα±αα¬ α±α»α
αΎααΈα±ααααΌαα»αααα¬αΈ ααΈααααΈαααα α»ααααα αααΈα»αααΈα αα
α±αα¬αα±ααΈαα«ααα αααα¬αΈααΌααααα‘α±α»αα±α α‘αααΈα‘αα¬αΈ α‘
ααααΌααΌαααα¬αΈααα«ααα α‘ααα±αΎαα¬ααα±αα¬ αααα α‘
ααααα¬αΈααα‘ααΈααΈα±αα¬ααααααααα‘α±α»αααα¬αΈαα α»αα¬αΈαα¬αΈ
α±αα¬ααα±ααα¬αα¬αΈαααα±αα¬αααα±αΎαα¬αα»αα αΏααΈα ααΌαααα¬
α±αα¬α‘α±α»αα‘α±ααα¬αΈααα‘αα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈα»αα αα¬αα₯ααα αααα
α±ααα«ααα ααααΈαα₯α»αααΈ α»αααααα‘ααΌα (αα) α±ααα¬α αα αα¬
α±αα¬αααΈα α αααα¬αΈα‘α ααΈαα¬ααα¬αααΌα ααααα‘αααααα¬αΈ
ααααΈαα¬αααΈα±αΎαα¬ααΈαααΈαα«αΈα±αΎαα¬ααΈ α±ααΌαααα«ααα ααααα‘
ααααα¬αΈαα‘αααα±αα¬αααΈα»αα αα¬αααααΈαααααΌα»αααΈααα
ααααΈαααα±ααΈααααα αα α±αΎαα¬α α»αα ααα α‘ααΈαα»αα α€αα
αα ααα‘ ααα αα¬αΈαα»αααΈαα αα»αααΈ α±α»αα¬αα±ααΌαα±αα¬ ααα¬αΈ
α‘ααΌααΈ α»αα α±ααα±αααα«ααα α‘αααΈ α‘ααααααα‘ααααα¬αΈα
αααΈααααααααααΌα ααα ααα αΎααααΌα αα α‘ααΈ
α‘αα¬αΈα±ααααΌα α»αα α±ααα±ααα±αΎαα¬ααΈαααααΈαααα¬αΈαα«ααα
ααΌαDM-4 (αααΎααααΌα αα α‘α±αααα) αα ααααα α§αΏα
ααα¬αΈααΌαααααα‘ααααα¬αΈα‘αααΈα‘αα ααααΈα±ααα±αΎαα¬ααΈ
αααααΈ ααα±ααΌαααα«ααα
αααα±αα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αΈα ααααα‘ααααα¬αΈααααΈα»αααΈ ααααΈαααΈ
α‘ααα¬ααα±ααΌαΈαααααααα±αα¬ααα¬ααα¬ααα«ααα α±α»αα¬α
88
α±ααΌαα±αα¬αα¬ααα¬αΈααΌα α»αααα¬αΈα±αα¬ αααα α‘ααααα¬αΈααααΈ
α±ααααα±ααα¬αα¬αΈαα¬ α‘αα¬αΈ α‘α¬αΈ α»αααα₯αΈαααααΈαα¬αΈααα
ααα±ααα¬αα¬αΈααα±α»ααααα¬αΈαΎααΈαα¬αΈ ααΌα¬αΈαα¬αααΈα±αΎαα¬ααΈ
(Haul Roads) ααααα α±ααα¬ αα¬αΈ α»αα ααα
ααΈαααΈα»αααΈα‘ααΌααΈ α‘ααα αα¬ααα«ααααα α α α±ααΈα»αααΈ
α±αΎααΈααααααΈ α‘α α‘αα‘α¬αΈ α‘αααααΈα α±αα¬ααα±α αααααΈ
α±αα¬ααΈαααα α αα¬αα»ααα±αΎααΈαααΈαα¬ααΌααααΈα±αα¬ααΈ(Electro-
Winning) α‘ααα αα¬αα»ααααααα¬αΈαα α±ααα‘ααΌααΈ α»αααααΌα
αα¬αααα«ααα α‘ααα αα¬αα»ααααα(Acid Mist)αα¬αΈααα
αααΈα ααα¬αΈα±αα¬Heapααα¬αΈα‘ααΈαααααΈααααΌααα α₯ α α α±ααΈ
α±ααΈα»αααΈα»αα αααΈα±αα¬ααΈ α±ααα α₯αααΈ SX-EW α ααα (Tankβ
Houses) α‘ααΌααΈα α α±ααΈ α±ααΈααα«ααα ααΌαα±αααα¬αα α
αα¬ααα¬αΈα‘α α‘ααα α»ααααααα¬αΈαα«αααααα α‘αα¬α‘ααΌαα
αααα¬αΈαα α‘ααα±α‘α¬ααα¬ααα»αααααααααα±αα¬ α
αα¬αα»αα αα«ααα α€ααα¬αααα§ααα¬α‘ααα αααααααΈ
αα¬α»αααΈ α»αα αα«ααα
αααα±αα¬ α±ααα¬ααα α‘ααΈα‘αα¬αΈααααΈαααΈα±αα¬ααΈα
α±αα¬ααΈαααα»αα αααΈαΎααΈα±αα¬ααΈ αααααΈααα‘ααΌααΈ α‘ααα
αα¬αα»ααααα α‘ααααα α α α±ααΈα»αααΈ α»αααααα«ααα Tank
House ααΌα Acid Mist αααΈαα¬α α α±ααΈα»αααΈ α»αααα‘α αα
αααΈαααα α‘ααα α»αααααα»αααααααα±αα¬αα»αααΈαααα αααΈ
αα¬ααα‘α ααα α αα±ααΌ ααα«α
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααα±αα¬ αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈ
MYTCL αα ααα ααααα»αααΈαααααΈα α₯ααΌα α‘ααΈααΈ
α±αα¬ αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα αα¬αα»αααα±αα¬ αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈαα α±αα«αααΌα±ααΈ
αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα α‘ααΈα»αααα«ααα α‘ααα±αα¬αα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈαα¬α±ααΈ
α‘ααα¬α ααα α»αααα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα»αα αΏααΈα αααΈαα αααααα±αα¬
ααααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈ ααΌααΏααΈαα¬αα»αα α±αα¬α»ααα« α»αααα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈ αα
ααΌαα‘ααΈα»αα»αααΈα αααΌαα±αα¬α±αα¬ααα¬ααα»αααΈα α αΌααα α¬αΈ α±αα¬α
ααΌα αα»αααΈαααααΈα α‘αααΈααΈ α‘αααΈα‘αα¬ α»αα α±αα¬αααΌαα
ααα¬αααα«ααα α€α»αααα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα ααααααα¬ααα α»αα αα¬
αα α»αααΈ (αα) αααΈααα‘α¬αΈ α‘ααΈααα¬α αααΈ ααααααααα αααΈ
αα¬α±ααΈα»ααα¬αα¬αααα¬αΈ α»αα ααΌα¬αΈαααα«ααα
MYTCL αα αααααΈα‘α¬αΈααΈα αααααΈα±ααΈα»αααΈαα α±ααΈ
α‘ααα¬αα»αα ααΌα¬αΈ ααα±αα¬ αααα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈ αα±αα¬αα»αααΈαα αα
ααΌαα»αααΈα‘ααΌα HAZMAT αααΈαααααα α¬α‘αα ααα±ααΈ
αα¬αΈαα«ααα
89
90
α‘ααα α±αα¬αα±αα αΌα ααα αα (ARD)
ααααΈα±αα¬α±ααΈα ααΌααα¬αα α αΌαααα α±α»ααα¬αΈααΌα α»αααα±αα
α±ααααα αα±ααΌαααα‘αα« α‘ααα α»αα α±ααα±α αααααα αα
α±α‘α¬ααααα±αα¬αα¬αααα¬αΈαααΈ αα«αααααα«ααα MYTCL
ααααΈαα ααα«αα‘α ααααΈα±αα¬ααααα±ααΈαα αααΈαα¬αΈα
αααααΈαααα ααΈααΈα»αα αααα αααα α‘αα¬α α αΌαααα α»αααΈ
ααα±α ααARDαααΈαααΈα±ααΈα ααααΈα‘αααΈαααα α αααΈαααΈ
α αααα«ααα α αΌαααα α±α»ααα¬αΈα αααα±α αΈ α±α»ααα¬αΈ α»αα α»αα αααα¬αΈαΏααΈ
αααα±α αΈα±α»ααα¬αΈα»αα α±αα¬ααααα¬αΈαα α±α»αααΌαα±ααααΌααα¬αα±α
αΏααΈαααααΈαααααα±ααΌααααα α±α αα α»ααααα«ααα
ααΈααΌα¬α±αα¬α±αΎαα¬α αααΈα αΌα αα α±α»ααα¬αΈα α αΈααΌα αα¬αα α±α
αα¬αΈαα αΌαααα α±α»ααα±α‘α¬αα±α»αααΌαα±αα±α»αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈα»αα α α ααΈααα
α±α αΏααΈαααΈα±αααα±αα¬αααααααα¬αΈα‘ααΌααΈαα α±αα αα ααα¬αΈ
α»αααα ααα±α αα«ααα ααΈααΌα¬αα»αα α»αα α±αααααα ααααααΌα
α‘ααΌααΈαα‘ααα α±αα¬α±ααα¬αΈα αα±αα¬αααα‘ααΌααΈαα αααΈ
α±αα¬ααΈα α±αΎααΈαα«ααα±αα¬ α‘ααααααααα±ααα¬α ααΌααα¬
ααα±ααα¬αΈααααΈα±αα¬ααΈα ααα¬αα±ααΈα±αΎαα¬αααΌα α±αααα¬
ααα‘ααα α±αα¬α±ααα¬αΈααα±αα¬αααα‘ααΌααΈαα α αΈααα±α
αααααΈα±αα¬ααΈα α±ααα¬αΈαα α±α»ααα¬αΈ α‘α»αααΈα αΌαα αα α±ααα¬αα α±
αα αα ααα¬αΈα»ααααααα»αααΈα»αααααΈα±αα¬ααΈααααααα±ααΈ
αααααΈα ααΌααα¬αα α±ααα¬αΈ α‘α¬αΈααΈα αααααΈαααα
ααΈααα±αα¬ααααα ααα¬αΈαα«ααα
α‘ααα« α‘ααα α±αα¬α±ααα¬αΈα α±αΎααΈααα«αααα α‘αααα
αααα¬ ααα±α»ααα¬αΈ α±ααααα±αα»αααΈαα α±ααα¬ααΌα α»αααα
α‘ααΈα»αα»αααΈα»ααααΈα±αα¬α±ααΈαααααΈαααΌααααα±αα¬ α‘ααα
αα«αααααα α±ααα¬αΈα ααΈα±αα¬α±ααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈααΌαα»αααα α‘
ααΈ α»αα»αααΈ α»αα αααααΈαααα ααΈααα±αα¬ααα αα±ααα«ααα
α±ααΈααα±αα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈαα αααα¬
ααα¬α±ααΈα»αααΈ
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬α αααΈαααΈα±ααΈαα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈ
α±ααΈαα¬αααα±ααααΌααΈα±αααααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈα±ααΈα‘ααα¬α αααΈ
αααΈα±ααΈαα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈα±ααΈ αααααΈ α α₯αα¬αΈ
αααα¬α±ααΈα±αα¬α±α»αα¬αΏααΈαα¬ααΌααααααα α±αα¬α α±ααΈαα¬αΈα
α‘ααααΌααΈα±αα«ααΈααα±αα¬ααΎαααα MYTCL αα αααααΈ
αααααΈαααΈα±ααΈα‘ααΌα αααααα¬ α‘αααα±αα¬ αααΈαααΈ
αα»αα αα α±αα¬αα α»ααααΈα α»αααα α α±αα¬αα α±ααΈα α¬αΈαα
αααΈαααΈα±ααΈααΌαα α‘ααΈα»ααα«ααα αααα αααα α‘α
α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈα±ααΈ αα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈ
α±ααΈαα¬ααααα α₯αα α₯αααααΈαααααΈαααΈα±ααΈ α±ααΌαΈα±ααΌαΈ α‘
αΎαα»αα»αααΈαα¬αΈα»αααααΌα¬αΈααααα½αΌαααα‘ααΌαα α±αα±αα¬ααΈα±ααα
ααα±ααΈα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈ α±α α¬αα±αα¬ααααα¬αΈαα±α α¬ααΎααα α α±ααΈα»ααΈ
αα‘αα±αα¬α‘αα‘α αα α‘αΎαα₯α¬ααα¬αΈ α±ααΈααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«
ααα
91
Poly. (Max Concentration)Max Concentration
Worker Exposure Limit ASTM, AES : 1mg/m3 (260 ppb)
H2SO4 Acid mist, PPB
y = -0.1677x2 + 5.4375x + 32.206RΒ² = 0.0823Alert Level (208 ppb)
9/12/2012
9/13/2012
9/14/2012
9/16/2012
9/17/2012
9/18/2012
9/19/2012
9/20/2012
9/21/2012
9/22/2012
9/23/2012
9/24/2012
9/25/2012
9/26/2012
10/8/2012
10/9/2012
10/13/2012
10/18/2012
10/19/2012
10/20/2012
10/26/2012
10/16/2012
10/17/2012
10/21/2012
10/22/2012
10/23/2012
10/24/2012
10/25/2012
0
50
100
150
200
92
α±ααααα¬αΈα ααα¬α αααΈαα ααα±αα¬ααααα¬αΈ
93
αααα ααα ααΌα MYTCLαα αααααα αααααΈαα¬αΈαα αα α
α α₯ααΈααααΌααΈαααα¬αΈα‘ααΌααααα±αα¬α‘ααΌααΈFEC αα,ααα,ααα
ααααΈα αΌααΏααΈ αααα ααα αααααΈααΌα αααΈα±α»αα‘α¬αΈα»αα α‘αα
ααα¬αΈ αααα α±αα¬ α α‘αααααααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα ααα Myanmar
Yang Tse Copper Limited αα Myanmar Wanbo Mining
Company Limited αα αααα ααα α‘ααΌααΈ FEC ααα,ααα
αα α»αααα¬ααα±ααΌ αα α,ααα,αα α α α±ααααΌααΈ α±αααααα¬αΈ
ααα‘ααααα ααΌααΏααΈααα‘ααΌα αααΈαα ααα«ααΈαααα αα
α‘α»αα MYTCL αα MWMCL αα α±ααΌα±αΎααΈα‘αα‘α
α‘αΏαα α±α‘α¬ααα«ααα ααα±αα¬αα±ααΈ αααααα»ααα«ααα
β’ α±ααααΌααΈα ααΌα¬α‘α¬αΈααΈα α‘αα α±ααΈααααα±ααΈα»αααΈα
β’ MYTCLααMWMCLα‘ααΈα‘αα¬αΈαααΌα¬αα¬αΈααΌα ααα¬α±αα¬ αα
α αα α‘α»αα¬αΈααα¬α±ααΈαααα¬ ααα«ααΈαααα¬αΈ α»αααα±ααΈα»αααΈα
β’ α‘ααα‘αα α‘ααΌαα‘αααΈαα¬αΈ ααααΈα±ααΈα»αααΈα ααα±α»α
ααΈαααΈααΌα¬αΈααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ ααΌα¬αα¬αΈ α±α»αα¬ααΈα±αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈαΏααΈ
α‘α±α»αααααααΈα αα¬αΈα α₯αΈα α¬αΈα±ααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈα»αααΈα
β’ Company ααΌα α‘αααααα±αα¬ αααΎααΈααΌαα‘αα¬αΈαα
αα¬αΈα±αα¬αα±αα¬αα ααααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα Company α
α‘αααΈα‘ααΈ α ααααΏααΈ α±ααΌαΈα»αα±ααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈ α α α₯α±ααΈα»αααΈα
β’ α±ααααΌααΈ α±αααααα¬αΈ α‘αα ααα±αα¬ααααα
Company α αααααΈαΎαα±αα¬ααΈ αα α±αα¬ααΈ αα
αααΈααα¬ α±ααααα αααααΈα±αα¬ααΈ αα α±αα¬ααΈ
ααα±αα¬αα±ααΈα»αααΈα
β’ α±ααααΌααΈα α±ααΌα±αΎααΈαααααα±αα¬ ααΈαα½αΌαα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈ
α±αα¬ααΈααα¬αΈα‘ααΌα ααα¬ααα αα α±αα¬ααα±αΎααΈα±ααΈαΏααΈ
αααΈααα±αα¬ααΈαΏααΈααΌα¬αΈααααΌα ααα΅ααα«α ααα±αα¬α±αα¬ α‘
ααα‘ααα‘ααΌα α‘αααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈ ααααΈα±ααΈα»αααΈα
β’ α±αααα±α»αα¬ααΈααΌα¬αα¬αΈα α‘α±α»ααα α¬αΈα±αα¬ααα ααα αα αα¬αΈα
α±ααΈ α ααα»αα ααα«ααΈα»αααΈα
β’ α±ααααΌααΈα ααΌα¬αα¬αΈα‘ααΌα Company α α±αα¬αα±αααΈα±α
α»αα α»ααΈα±ααΈα»αααΈα
94
α±ααααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα±α α¬αα±αα¬ααααααααΈαα¬αΈ
αααα ααα ααΌα α±ααΈααΌα¬ (αα) ααΌα¬α ααα¬ α α α±αα«ααΈ (ααααα)
α±αα¬α αααΈαα¬α±ααΈ α‘ααΈα»α α‘α α‘α α₯α‘α ααα±ααΈαααα
αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα±α α¬αα±αα¬αααα‘α»αα ααα¬αα (α) α₯αΈα ααα¬α»α (α)
α₯αΈα α‘αααα¬α»α ( α ) α₯αΈα α‘α±ααΌα±ααΌα‘α (α)α₯αΈ α α α±αα«ααΈ (αα)
α₯αΈ αα«ααα±αα¬ ααααα±ααΈαααα α‘ααΌαααΌααα¬αΈααα α±αα
ααΌααΈα ααΌα¬αα¬αΈα‘ααΌα α‘α±ααΈα±αα ααα¬αααα¬α₯ααααΈ
ααα«ααΈαα¬αΈαα«ααα α α‘α»αα αααΈαΏα α‘αααααΈα±αα¬ααΈααΌα
αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα±αα¬α±α»αα¬ααΌαα¬αΈ αα α₯α»αααα±ααΈα»αααΈα αααΈαα¬α±ααΈ α
ααααΈαα¬αΈαα±ααααΌααΈαααΌα¬αα¬αΈααααΌα¬αΈαΏααΈαααΈαα¬α±ααΈ α‘αααα¬
α»αααα±αα»αααΈαα¬αΈα»αααα±ααΈαα«ααα
α‘α αΈααααΈαα¬α±ααΈαα¬ααα¬αΈααααΈα±αα«ααΈαα¬ααααα±αα¬α ααα
αα¬αΈαα αα«αΈαα α±α‘α¬ααα±ααΈαααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα±α α¬α
α±αα¬ααααα¬αΈ α»αααα±ααΈ ααα αααΈα‘ααΌααα α±αα‘αααα±αα¬ααΈ
αα¬αΈαα αααα±α ααααααΈα±ααΈ αα α‘αααα αΌαααα αα αααααΌα¬αΈ
α±αα¬αα α α±ααΈα±ααΈααα
α‘α¬αα¬αααα±αα½αΌαΈαα α‘α α‘α α₯ α‘α»αα αααα ααα αα αΏααΈ
ααΈαα α±α‘α¬α αα±ααΈαααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ ααα‘α±ααΈαα α±α α¬ααΎαα
α α α±ααΈα»αααΈαα¬αΈα»ααααααα
αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα±α α¬αα±αα¬ααααααααΈαα¬αΈαα αααααα αααααΈ
αα¬αΈααααααααααΈααα αα¬αΈα αΌα¬ α‘α±αα¬αα‘αα»ααα«ααα
αααΈα§ααα¬α αα±ααΈααα αα¬αΈαα α‘ααΌαα±αα¬αααα¬αΈα
ααα»αααΈαα αα α±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±αα¬ αααααΈααααΌα ααα¬αΈ
αααΈαα¬α αΌα¬ α±ααααααα α»αα αα«ααα MYTCL αα α€
ααα¬α»α±α»αα ααα±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±α‘α¬α αααα α‘α α₯α‘αΏα α‘
αααα±ααα«ααα
95
α ααααΈα‘αα αα¬αΈ
96
α‘ααααα¬αΈα‘ααΌ α‘α ααΈαα αααααΈαααΈαααα¬ ααΌ αΏααΈααΈαααα
ααααααααΈαα MICCL (α»αααα¬α‘αααααΈα±αα¬αα«αΈαααΈα) α
αα«αααα¬ α‘α ααΈα‘α±ααΈ ααΈα»ααααα»ααα‘αααα ααΏααΈ α‘αα
ααα¬αΈα₯αΈα±ααα αααααΈα±ααα¬αα¬αΈα‘αα¬αΈα α α»αααα¬αααΈαα¬αΈα‘
ααΌααααααα¬αΈαααα α‘αααααΈα‘ααα‘ααααα α±ααα¬
αα¬αΈαα‘αα(α)ααααΌααΈ αααααΈα α‘αΏαααΈα α¬αΈ α‘αααααΈαα¬αΈαα
α‘α»αα¬αΈα‘α αΈαα‘ααΌαα‘α ααΈαα‘αααααΈαα¬αΈααααα‘ααααα
αααΈαααΌα α‘ααα‘αα α±ααα¬ (ααα ) α±ααα¬ α‘ααα»ααα¬αΈαΏααΈα
α±ααα α¬αΈ α‘ααααα¬αΈ ααα α±αα¬ ααΌαα»α αα¬αΈ αα«ααα ααααα α¬
ααΈα»αααααα α‘αααα¬ ααααα¬αααα α±αα¬ α±ααα¬αα¬αΈααΌα
α±α»αα¬ααΈαα±ααα¬αα»αααΈαα¬αΈ α»ααααα¬αΈαα»αα αααααΈαα¬ααα¬αΈααΌα
α±αα¬αααΈαα¬αΈαα±αα¬α α±α‘α¬αα»ααααααααααα¬αΈ αααα«ααα
MYTCL α ααααααΌα αααααΈαααΈαααα¬ α αα‘ααααααα
ααα αΌααΈα‘α¬αΈα‘αααΈα‘α»αα αα¬αΈααααΈααα‘ααΌααΈαααΈαααααΈαα
αα¬αΈαα±ααα¬α αΌα¬α±ααα¬ααΈαααΏααΈ MYTCL α‘αααααΈ α‘ααααα
αα αααααΈαααααα¬αΈα αα±αα¬ααααα»αα ααα¬αααα¬αΈ α±
αα¬α±αα¬ααΈααΈααα¬ααα¬αΈααα±α»αα¬ααΈαααα‘ααα»αα ααα
ααααααα αα αααααΈααΌα ααααααΈα±α»α α‘ααααα¬αΈ αααα α‘α¬αΈ
α‘αα (αα) ααα±α‘α¬α α‘ααΈαα α¬αΈααΌα α‘α»αααα α‘αΏααααΈ α
ααααΈα‘α»αα α‘ααααααα¬αΈααα α¬ααα‘αα αααααα«ααα
α±αα¬ααα αααΈααΌα α‘α»αα¬αΈα±ααα α¬αΈα‘ααααα¬αΈ ααα α‘α¬αΈ MYTCL
ααΌα αααααΈ α‘α±αα‘αα¬αΈα‘α α‘α»ααααΈαααααΈ αααα‘αααΌα¬αΈαα«
ααα α€α‘α±αα‘ααΌααα ααα±αα¬ααα αααααΈαα¬αΈα±α‘α¬α
α»αααα¬ααααΌααα αααΈαα¬αα α±αα¬αααΈαα¬αΈααα
αααααΈαα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ ααααα¬ααα¬αΈααΌα α±ααα¬α»ααααααα¬αΈα»αααΈα α
α α¬ααΈα»αααααα α±ααα α¬αΈαααααΈα‘α»αα (αα )αα αΎαα¬αααα αα
αα¬αΈ (αα) ααα±αα¬ααΈααΌαα±αα¬ααα±ααΌαααα α‘ααα‘αα α±ααα¬
α±α»αα¬ααΈαα»αααΈαα¬αΈα»αα ααΌαα ααΈαααα¬αΈα α»αααα ααΌαα ααΈαα¬αΈαα«
ααα α±ααα α¬αΈαααααΈ α‘α»αα αα αα αΎαα¬ αααααααα¬αΈ α‘α¬αΈ
α‘αΏααααΈαααααΈα‘α»αα αα α¬αΈααΌαα‘α»ααα‘ααααααα‘ααΏααΈ αααααΈ
αα¬αΈα αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌααα α‘α αααα¬αΈ ααΈα»ααααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα
ααα ααααα αα¬αΈααααΈ α»ααααα»ααααα±ααΈαα«ααα
αααΈααααΈαααααα αα¬αααα αα¬αΈααΌααααΈ αα αααΏααΈ
αα ααα α±α‘α¬αα»αααα αα ααΏααΈαα α αααααααα±αααα«
ααα MYTCL αα αααααΈαα¬αΈα α‘α¬αΈα±ααΈααΈα»αααΏααΈ
Employment Status MICCL MYTCL MYTCL2013 - 2014
Year 2010 2010 2012 2013β¦
Expatriate 2 5 6 6
Permanent 643 680 873 1.500+aprox.
Contract 11 20 263 20 approx.
Casual Labor 320 440 503 350+average/year
Total 976 1145 1445 1.876 approx.
97
α‘ααΈα‘α»αααα¬αΈ α αααΈα αα αα±αααΌαααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα ααα
ααααα‘αα ααααααΈα±ααΈαα¬ααα«α
ααααα‘αα α±α»αα¬ααΈαα»αααΈα‘α±αα α±ααΌα±ααααα¬αΈαα±ααα α
αα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ α ααΈααΈα±ααΌαΈα±ααΌαΈαα ααααΌααΈ α ααααααΌαααα¬α αα αα α
ααα¬αΈα»αα ααααα α¬α±ααΈααααΌα α±αα¬ααα ααΌαα ααΈαα¬αΈααα
αααΈα±αα¬αααα αααΈα α α‘ααΌααΈαααΈ αααααΈ α αΌααΈα‘αα»αα
αα¬αΈααΈααααααααΈα»αααααα¬αΈααααα α α α±ααΈαΏααΈααα¬ αααα¬αΈ
α±αα¬ α±α»αα¬ααΈααααα¬αΈ α»αα α±αααα¬α±α αα ααΌααΈα‘α¬αΈα±ααΈαα α»αα
ααα
α‘αααΈα±αα¬α B ααΈαα HIV ααα«α
αααααΈαα αα¬αΈαα α‘αΏααααΈαααααΈα»αα αα αααααΈααΌαα‘αΎα
α±ααΈα α α»αααΈαα¬αΈα α»αααααα α»αα ααα ααΈα±ααΌααααα¬αΈα
αααΈαα¬α±ααΈα‘α±α»αα‘α±α αααα±αα¬αα»αα αααααΈααΌαααΌα
ααα±αα¬α α‘αααααα αααααα«α αα‘αααα‘α αα±αα±αα¬
αααααΈαα¬αΈ (α‘αΏααααΈα αα¬αα α±ααα α¬αΈ) α‘α¬αΈααΈααα¬ααΌαααα»α
ααα±ααΈααα¬ααα±αα¬αα«ααΈαα±αααα¬αΈαααααΈααΌαααΌα α‘αααα
ααΌαα»αααααααΈα±ααα¬α αΌα¬α»ααααααΈααααα
α±ααΈαααΈααΏαα±αα¬ αααααΈααΌαα»αα α±α αα αααααΈα‘α¬αΈααΈα
α±ααΈα α α»αααΈα αα¬ααΌαα±ααΈααΈα»αααΈ α±αααα α‘αα αα¬αΈ α»ααα
αα¬αΈααα αααααΈα‘α¬αΈααΈ HIV ααΈα α α±ααΈαααα HIV ααΈ
αααα¬αΈα MYTCL α ααα¬αΈα αααααΈαα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ α±ααΌαΈα±ααΌαΈαααα¬αΈ
α»αααα ααα¬αΈα αααα¬αΈααααΈ α‘αααα¬α±αα¬α α±ααΈα α ααα
αααα±αα±αα¬ ααα αααααααααααα ααΌα¬αΈαα αααΈ
ααααααα¬αΈ α»αααα±ααΈααα
αααα α‘αα α‘αΏαααΈα α¬αΈαα»αααΈ
α‘αα (αα) αα α‘αααααα¬αΈ α‘αααααα ααα±αα¬α»αααΈα
αααα±αα¬α»αααΈαα ααααα ααα±αα¬ α»ααα¬ααΈαα αααα«α
MYTCL αα α‘αα αα αα α‘αα α‘ααΈαααααααΈ
αα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ αα αα ααα±α‘α¬α α‘αααααα‘α»αα αααααα α¬αα
ααααΏααΈαααα‘αααΌα¬αΈαααα±αα¬α‘ααΈα±αααα αα ααα α»ααα¬ααΈ
αααα α ααααααΌααα‘αααΈαα α‘α±ααΌαα‘αΎαα ααα¬αααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ αα
α‘αααα‘ααααααααααΌαα»αααα α‘αα αα ααα‘αα
αααααΈαα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈααΈαα α‘ααααΎααΈα α±αα¬ααααα»ααα±αα¬
αααΈα±αα¬ααΈααααΈααααααα±αα¬αααΈα±αα¬ααΈα α‘αΏαααΈα α¬αΈα
ααα±αααα αα¬αΈαααα±αα¬α±αα¬ααααααα»αααααααααααΈα‘
ααααΌα¬α»αα¬αΈαααα±α αα¬α αααααΈαα¬αΈ α‘αα¬αα α‘ααΌα α»αααα
αααααα αααααΈααΌαααΌα α‘ααΌαα‘α±ααΈα αααα ααα±αα¬α
ααααα‘ααΌα α±αα¬ααα αααααΈα‘ααα‘αα αααα αα
ααα αΌα¬α±αα¬αααΌαααα
αααααΈαα α¬αΈααΌα
αααααα±ααΈ
αααααΈαα¬αΈα α‘α±ααΈα±αααα α‘ααΈαααΈαα¬α±ααΈ αα α¬αΈααΌα α₯ααα¬-
αα¬αΈαα¬α»αααΈααααααΈααΌαα‘ααΌααΈααααααααΈααΌα¬αΈααΌα αα αα¬α±ααΈαα α₯
αα¬αΈα MYTCL α αααΈαααα α»αα ααα
ααααΌααΈ αααααΈααααααα±αα αα¬αααα»αααΈ
MYTCL αα ααααΌααΈαααααΈα ααα±αα¬ααα αα¬ααα‘α
α‘αΏααααΈαααααΈαα ααααααααααΈαα¬αΈα α‘ααα‘α¬αα
αα¬αΈα±ααΈααα α±αα¬ααα¬αα α‘αα¬αααα¬ααα¬αΈααΌα αααααΈ
α‘α¬αΈααΈα‘ααΌα α₯αα±αα‘α α‘α¬αααα¬αΈα±ααΈααα
αααααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬αα±ααΈα‘ααΌα αααα±ααΌ
MYTCL αααααΈαα¬αΈ αααααΈαα¬α αΏααΈααΈααα‘αα« α±ααΌααα¬α
αα¬αΈαα¬αΈαααα‘ααΌααααααΈααMYTCLααα‘ααααΌ α±αα¬αα±ααΈ
α‘ααΌαα±ααΌα αααααααΈααααΈααα±αα¬ααα¬αΈαα«ααα
αα α₯ αααααααα¬αΈααΌα αααα¬αα±αα¬ αααααΈαα¬αΈ α‘αα¬
ααα‘ααΌα α α±αα¬ααΈα±ααΌα±αα«ααΈα α₯ α±α‘α¬αααΌα αααααΈα αααΈ
αα α¬α α % αα αααΈαα αααααΈα‘ααΌα α α±ααΌ αα ααΈα
98
αααααΈα αα α¬αΈααΌαααα α»αα ααα
α‘α±ααΌα±ααΌααα΅ααΌα
ααααΌααΈαααααΈαααΈααα¬αΈααααα±α»αα¬ααΈα±αα¬αααΈ α€α±ααα¬
α€α±αααααα¬αΈαα α€α±ααα¬ααΌα α‘αΏααα±ααΎααα α»αα αα»αα
MYTCL αα S&K α‘ααΌ α‘α ααΈα αααααΈααα ααΌα¬αααΌα¬αα¬αΈαα¬αΈ
αα ααα¬αΈα αααΌα α‘ααα»αα ααα αααα¬αΈαα«ααα
MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα α€ααα αααααΈααα ααα±ααΌαα¬αΈ αα
ααα¬αΈα αααΌα α±ααααααα ααααα α€α±ααα
ααΈαα¬αα₯α±ααΈααααΌαα¬αΈ αα αα¬αα¬α±ααΈααΌαα¬αΈ α‘α¬αΈααΈααΌααααΈ
αα«ααα±αα¬αααΌαααα»αα αα«ααα
αααααΈαααααα‘ααΌαα‘ α ααΈαα¬αΈ αααα«ααΈα»αααΈα αααΆαα¬αα¬ α‘
αα«αααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈααΌααααΈαααΈαα¬αΈα αααΈαααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈα±αα¬α
ααααα«ααΈα»αααΈαα¬αΈααααΈ α»αααααααΏααΈ MYTCL α‘α±αα»αα
αα α α₯ αααα±ααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈααααΈ αααααΈαα α»αα ααα
αααααΈαα¬αΈαα αααααΈααα¬αΈα αα¬αΈ α±αα¬αααα‘αααΈα±α»ααα α‘αα
αα¬ ααααα¬αα α‘α¬αΈαα α¬αΈααΌαα¬αΈα ααΎαα€αα±ααααααΌαα¬αΈαααΌα
ααα±ααΈα±ααα±αα¬ααΌ αααααΌαα¬αΈ α»αααα±ααΈαα α»αα αΏααΈαα α₯αα¬αα¬
α±ααΈα±αα αα¬αΈααΌααααΈαΎααΈα±αα¬ααΈαα¬αΈααΌα ααα«ααΈα»αααΈαα¬αΈα»ααα
ααα»αα ααα
αααΈαΏααα‘ααΌααΈ αααααΈαα¬αΈ αα±ααα ααα±αα¬ααααα¬αα±α αα
α‘αααα¬ α‘α»αα¬αΈα±αα¬ ααα±αα¬ααααα¬αΈααααΈ α±αα¬αααΌα
ααΌα¬αΈααα
α‘αΏααααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈαα‘ααα¬α±ααα¬αα¬αΈαα‘αααα αα±ααΈα»αααΈα
α±ααααα ααα¬αΈααααα±ααΈα»αααΈα αααΈαα¬αΈα»αα»ααα±ααΈα»αααΈα ααα α
ααΈαα¬αΈααααα±ααΈα»αααΈααα»αα±ααΈααααααα±ααΈααα‘ααΈα αα
α‘αααα±ααΌαΈ αα α±α»ααααΈα±ααΈααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα ααα
MYTCL αα αααααΈαααααα¬αα¬αΈα α‘α±ααΈαα¬αΈααα¬αα
αα αααααΈ α‘α»αα αα«αα αααααα»αααΈααα¬αΈα αΌα¬ αααααα«
ααα
99
ααααΌααΈ αααααΈααα ααα
100
ααααΈα±αα¬α»αααΈαααααΈ α±αα¬αααΌααΏααΈα αΈαΏααΈα±αα¬α ααααα
α ααααΈ α‘α αα‘αααΈ αα α αα α αα±αα¬αααΌαααααα±αα¬
αααΈα±αα¬ααΈα α‘ααΈα‘α»αα ααααα±α ααααα±αα¬αααΈ
α±αα¬ααΈα αααααΈααΌα¬αΈααα»αα αΏααΈ α±αα¬αααΌααα αα α₯ααΈα‘α¬αΈααΈ
α αααα¬αΈαααΈαααΈα»αααΈα»αα ααααΌααΈαααααΈα α‘αΏααΈαα
α±αα¬αααΌααα α»αα αα«ααα α αααΈαα±αα¬αα ααααΌααΈαα
αααΈααα ααα αα ααα αααααΈα ααααααΌα±ααΈ α‘αααΈα ααααΈα±αα¬
α±αα¬αααΌααα¬αΈαΏααΈ α»αα αα«ααα αααΈα‘α α‘α α₯α»αα ααααΌααΈ
αααααΈααα α‘α±α»αααα¬αΈ α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌαααΌα¬αΈαα α»αα αα«ααα
αααΈαα¬α₯αα±αα±αΎαα¬ααΈα‘ααα‘ααααα αΈααΌα¬αΈα±ααΈαααααΈααα±ααΈ
αα¬αααααα±ααΈαα¬αα±ααααΈαα¬αΈα‘ααΈααα±α αα«ααα
α€α αααΈαα±αα¬αα ααααΌααΈ αααααΈαα α αααα‘α±αα
α‘α±α»αααα α ααααα α‘ααΈα α‘ααΈαα αααααα
ααααΌααΈαααααΈα»αααΈα»αα α α±αα¬ααα ααα±ααΈαα¬ ααααα
ααα±αα¬αα±αα¬αααΌααααα¬αΈα ααααααΈαα¬α αααα ααα ααΌα
α‘ααΈαα αααΈαααα α»αα αα«ααα MYTCL αααααΌααΈ
αααααΈααα αααααΌα α±α‘α¬ααα« α‘αααααααΈαα α±ααΈα αα«
ααα αααααΈαα α‘ααααααΌα α‘ααΈαα αααα α±α αα«ααα
αα αααααΈαααα α»αααααααΈαα¬α±ααΈαα α₯α αα¬ααΌα
α±α α¬αα±αα¬ααααΈαααΈααα‘ααΌαα±ααΈαααΈααα¬αααα±αα¬αα
αααΈααα‘α»αα α±αα¬αααΌαααα
αα ααααΌααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈ αααααΈαΏααΈα±αα¬α αααααΈαα
α±ααΈαα¬ααΈααΈαα¬αΈ α±αα¬αααΈα±α αα (ααααα) αα±αα¬ααα
α‘α α‘ααα¬αΈα»αα α±αα¬αααΌαααα
αα α±α»ααααα¬ααΌαα»αααααααΈα‘α±α»αα‘α±ααα¬αΈααα‘αα»αα
α±α‘α¬α ααααΈα±ααΈααα
αα ααΈααΈααα±αα¬αα±αα¬ α±ααα¬α±αααα¬αΈα α±ααα
α±α α¬ααΎαααααΈαααΈαα α±αα¬αααΈα±α‘α¬α α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈααα
ααααΌααΈ αααααΈααα ααααα α±ααΈαααΈα αααα±αα¬
α±α»αα‘α±αα‘αα¬αΈαα¬αΈα α±αααα±ααα ααα α¬αΈα»αααΈα αααΈα±ααΈ
α±α‘α¬α ααααΈαα¬αΈα±ααΈααα α±α»ααα¬α‘α±αα»αα α αααΈ ααΌααααα
αα α‘α±α»αα‘α±ααα±α‘α¬α ααααΈα±ααΈαα¬αΈααα α±α»αα‘α±αα‘αα¬αΈα
αααΈαααΈαα¬ααΌαααα‘ααΌα α±α‘α¬ααα« αααααΈαα¬αΈα»αα α»αα α
α±α‘α¬α α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌααα α»αα αα«ααα
β’ αα¬αΈαααΈα±ααα‘ααΌααΈα ααΌααΈααΈα±αα«ααα¬αΈαα αααΈαααΈααΌα
ααΌααΈαα¬αΈα α»ααααα»αααααΈαααα α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌααα¬αΈ
α»αααΈα
β’ α αΌαααα α±α»αα α¬αα¬αΈαααααααααΏααΈ αααααΈα‘ααΎααΈαα¬αΈ
αα±α»αα±αα¬ααα¬α±α α ααα¬αΈα α‘α±αααα±α»αααα¬αα¬αΈ ααΈα‘α
αα¬αΈαΏααΈ α±αααααΈα‘αααα¬αΈ α»ααααα±αα«αααΌα¬αΈα±α ααα
β’ αααα±αα¬α±αα«αααΌαα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα αα¬αα±ααΈαα α₯ααΈαα¬αΈα αα
ααααα¬ααΌαα±αα¬αα α¬αα¬αΈαααααΌααΈα±ααα¬αα¬αΈααα αα¬αΈ
αααΈαααΈα±ααΈααα
β’ α‘α¬αΈααΈα±αα¬ α‘α±αα¬αα‘α₯αΈαα¬αΈ α‘α±αα¬αα‘ααα α₯ααΈ
αα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈααΈα αααααΈα αααα¬αΈαααΈαααΈαΏααΈ α»αααα
αα±αα¬α αα¬αΈαα±ααΈααα
β’ ααα α αα¬αα‘α¬αΈ α»αααααΈαα α‘α¬αΈααΈ α±α»αα±ααα±α»αα±α‘α¬α
ααα ααα‘ααα αααΈαααΈαααα¬αΈα±ααΈααα
β’ αΎααΌααΈαααα α₯ααΈα‘αααΈα‘α α‘α¬αΈααΈααααΈαααΈαααα¬αΈα±ααΈ
ααα
α€αααααΈα±ααΈ α ααααα α ααα±αα¬αα α ααα±αα¬α
(α±αα¬α)α α±αΎααΈα αα±αα¬α α±αααα¬αΈαα«αααΎααα«ααα α±αα«ααΈα α
ααααΌααΈαααααΈαα α ααααα αα α α₯ α‘αααααα α±α»ααΈα
α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌαααα»αα α α±α α¬ααΎαααΎαααααα ααα¬ααα¬αΈ αα
α±α‘α¬α α α α₯α±αα¬αααΌααα α»αα αα«ααα MYTCL αα αα
ααΌααΈα±ααα α»αααααα±αα¬αα±ααΈαααααΈα α αααΈ α»αα ααΌααΈ
α±ααΈαααααΈαα α±α»αα»ααα±αα αΈαααΈαα α±αα¬α±ααΌα»αααΈα α±ααα¬
α±α‘α¬α α±ααα¬α α α α»αααΈαααααΈααα‘α¬αΈ αα«αΈαα α‘αα±αα αααΈ
αααΈα±αα¬αααΌαααΌα¬αΈαα«ααα
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α α α α‘ααα»α ααα»ααα
102
ααα¬ααααααΈααα αααααΈααΌααααΈαα¬α±ααΈαα α±ααΈα‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈα±ααΈ
α»αααα¬ααα α±αΎααΈααααΈααααα (MYTCL) αα α‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈα ααα¬ααααααΈαααα αααααΈααΌααααΈαα¬α±ααΈαα α±ααΈ
α‘ααα¬ααααΈαααΈα±ααΈαααα¬ αααααα¬αΈα α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬αα αΎαα α±αΎααΈααααααα α ααα ααααΈαα¬αΈαα αα±α»ααΈααα±α αα
α±αα«ααΈα α α ααααααΌαα αα (IMS) α αααΈαααΈα±αα¬αααΌααα¬αΈαα«ααα
α±αα«ααΈα αα ααααααΌαα αα (IMS) αα ααα αα αα αααΈαα«αΈααα MYTCL αααααΈαα¬αΈαα α‘αααααα‘ααα ααα’αααα αααΈαααΈ
αααΈααααα±αΎαα¬α αααααΈαα¬αΈαΏααΈα±α»αα¬αα α±ααααα±αα¬αα±αα¬ α αα αα α ααα±αα¬ααα¬αΈαα ααααα±αα±αα¬
αααααΈα αα αα αα‘α»αα ααααααααα±ααα«ααα
Myanmar Yang Tse Copper Ltd. α ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001:2007 αααα α ααα₯αΈα αααααΈα α α±ααΈαα
α»αααααα«α±αΎαα¬ααΈ α±αα¬αααα«ααα αααααΈα α αα¬αα‘ααΌααΈα‘αα α»αα»ααααΌααΈααα αα‘ααααα¬αΈ ααααα‘ααΌα MYTCL α
α‘α±αα¬αα‘αα¬αΈ α α¬ααΌαα α¬αααΈα‘α α‘αααα«α‘αα‘ααα»α αααααα¬αΈα»αα ααααααα¬αΈααα«ααα
SGS α α»ααααααΈαααα ααα±αα¬ααααα MYTCL α ααααΌααΈααα¬ αααΌα¬α±αααα ααααααΈααα ααα»ααα
α‘ααα‘αααα¬αΈαα αααααΈαα¬αΈα‘α±ααααΌα α α α±ααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα»αααΈ α»αα αα«ααα
ααΈαααααα¬αΈαα αααααΈααΌαα‘ααΈααΈα ααα’ααα¬αΈαα IMS Coordinator ααα ααααααα±αα¬αααα‘α±αα αα¬αΈαααα±αα¬α±αα«α
αα α‘αααΈα‘αα¬α‘α¬αΈ α α α±ααΈα»αααΈ α»αα αα«ααα
α‘α αααα α¬ ααα»αααα‘α±αα ααΈααααα‘α αααααΈαα¬αΈα ααααααααα‘α αααααααΈαααΈαα¬αΈαα±αΎαα¬ααΈ α±ααΌαα
ααα«ααα α ααα ααΌααΈαααΈα‘ααΌα αααΈαααΈα±αα¬ αααααΈααα ααααΌααααα¬αΈ αα¬αΈααΏααΈ ααα±αα¬ααααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈ αααα±α α¬ααΎαα
α α α±ααΈαα ααα«ααα α‘ααα‘αααα¬αΈα‘α±αα ααΈαααα¬ααΌα αααααΈααα ααααΌαααα‘αααΈ ααα±αα¬ααα¬αΈααααααΈ
α±ααΌααααα«ααα
MYTCL α ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈα±ααΈαααα¬ ααα±αα¬ααααααααΈα α₯αα αααΈαα ααααα¬αΈα±αα¬ αααααΈαα
αααΈαααΈα±ααΈαααα¬ ααα±αα¬αααα α‘ααααΈα±αα¬αααα¬αΈα α‘α±αα¬αα‘αα»αααα‘α»αα World Bank αααααα
α‘αααα α±αα¬αααΈα±αα±αΎαα¬ααΈαααΈ α ααααΎααααα«ααα
ααααΌααΈαααααΈαα α αααααα‘αα»ααααα»αα ααΈα±αα¬ααααααααΈ α‘ααα‘αααααααΈ αααααΈααΌα α±α α¬ααΎααα α α±ααΈαα
αα¬αΈααααΈα±αα¬ααΈα ARD Issue α‘α±αα ααα±αα¬αα±αα¬α α αα±αα¬αααΌαααα‘α αααΈα±αα¬ααΈ α±α‘α¬αα»αααα αα±ααα«ααα
α€αααααα¬ α‘αα»αααα αααααΈαα¬αααα MYTCL αα αααααΈαααααα¬ αααΈαΎααα‘ααααααα αααααΈαα¬αα α‘ααααα
αα¬ααααα¬αΈα ααααα‘αα»αα α±α ααα¬α‘α±αα¬α ααα±αα¬αα±ααΈα»αααΈα»αα αα«ααα
αααααααααΈαα₯αΈα±αα¬αα₯αΈααΌαα»αααα¬αΈα‘α±αα»αα MYTCL α ααααΈαα¬αΈα αααααα±αα¬αααΈ αααααααα¬ααααααΈαα
ααΌααΏααΈααΈααα±α α±ααΈ α‘α¬αααα ααααα±ααΈααΌα¬αΈαααα ααααΌααΈαααααΈαα¬αΈ αααααΈααΌα¬αΈααα‘αα« α‘αα¬αααα¬αααΌα
α±αααα‘ααΈα»αααα±αα¬ α±αααΎααΈαα αα‘α»αα ααα±αα¬αααΌα¬αΈαα«ααα
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Knight Piesold Pty Limited αα S&K α ααααΈααΌα αααα ααα α αααα ααα ααα±α‘α¬α ααΈααΈα»αα¬αΈα»αα¬αΈ αα«ααα±αα¬αααΌαααα«ααα
Australia ααα Perth αΏααα Knight Piesold ααΈαααα α αα¬α€ααααα ααΈααΌααα S&K α ααααΈα‘α¬αΈ αααααΈααα¬ αααααα¬ α‘αΎαα±ααΈ
ααα±αα¬ααααα¬αΈ ααα±αα¬αα±ααΈααα«ααα Knight Piesold αα αααααΈααα¬αααααα¬ α‘ααα±ααΈα‘α±αα»αα ααααΌααΈα±ααα
αααααΈααα¬αααααα¬ α α ααΈα±ααα¬α»αααΈ α±αα¬αααααΌ αα ααααΈα±ααΈααΌα»αααΈαα ααα‘αααα (SolutionPond)α α±αα
α±ααααα ( Storm Water Pond) αα α‘αααααΈαα¬αα (Tailing Dam) αααα ααα ααααα±αα¬ αααααΈ α±α»αα α¬α(Heap
Leach Pads)αα¬αΈ ααα±αα¬αα»αααΈα αααΈαααΈααΌαααΈα±αα¬αα αααααΈααα¬α‘αΎαα₯α¬ααα¬αΈαα αααΈαααΈααΌα ααααΌααΈ (α)α
ααα±αα¬α α‘α±αα¬αα‘ααα±αα¬α»αααΈααα‘α¬αΈ αα¬αααα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈααα«ααα Knight Piesold αα αααα±αα¬ααΈ
α±αΎααΈαα ααααΈα‘α¬αΈ αα ααααΈα±ααΈααΌα±ααΈα»αααΈαα α»αα ααα αΌααΈα±ααα¬α α ααΈα»αααΈαα¬αΈα αααΈα±αα¬ααΈ α±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈααα«ααα
αααΈααΌα Heap Leach Padsα ααα‘ααααα αααΈαααΈααΌαααΌααΈαα ααα‘αααα¬αΈ α αααα¬αΈαααα
(Open Pit Dewatering Pond) ααα‘α¬αΈ α α ααΈα±ααα¬α»αααΈαα αα ααααΈα±ααΈααΌα»αααΈααα‘α»αα α αΌαααα α±α»αα α¬ααα α‘ααα α‘ααα‘αα
αα¬αΈααααα ααααΈαα¬αΈα‘ααΌααααΈ α‘ααα»αα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈααα«ααα αα½αΌαααα αααααΈα±αα¬αααΌαα α₯ αα¬ααα±αα¬αααΈ
S&K α ααααΈα αα¬αα±αα«ααΈα αα αα¬αα‘ααΈααΈαα¬αΈα αααααΈαα¬αΈα α αΌααΈα αΌααΈαα ααα±αα¬αααΌαααααααΈα±αα¬ααΈα QA/QC
ααα±αα¬αααα‘αααΈ αααα¬α±αα¬αααΌαααα αααΈα±αα¬ααΈα Knight Piesold αααΈαα α ααα ααααΈαα¬αΈα‘αααΈ α±αα¬αααΌααααα
α±ααΈα»αααΈα±αΎαα¬α α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬ ααααααΈα±αααΈαα α‘ααα±ααΈαααααΈαΎααΈα‘α»αα αααααΌα¬αΈα±α‘α¬α ααα±αα¬αα±ααΈα»αααΈααα‘α¬αΈ
αααααααΈαα¬α αΌα¬ ααα»αα‘ααα«ααα αααα±αα¬ αααααΈααα¬αααααα¬αα α±α»ααααα¬ααΌαα»αααααα¬ α‘α±α»αα‘α±ααα¬αΈαα
αααααΈ ααα±αα¬ααα ααΈαααα¬ααα‘αααΈααΌα αα½αΌααααα±ααΈααΌαα¬αΈα±αα¬ αα ααααΈα ααα‘αα¬ααΌαα»αααα¬αΈαα ααα¬ααααα
α±αααα ααααα±ααΌ ααα±ααΌα αααα«ααα αα½αΌαααα α‘α±αα»αα ααα‘ααααα¬αΈα α±αα¬ααα¬αΈα±α‘α¬αα»αααα ααΌααΈαααΈ α‘αααααα¬
αααααΈαα αα αα±αα¬ααααα‘ααα¬αα«ααα αα‘ααααΌα S&K α αα¬αααααα’ααα¬αΈ αα αααααΈαα¬αΈα α ααα«αααα« αα
α±αα¬αααΌα α±ααΈα αΎααα«ααα αα½αΌααααααααΈS&K α ααααΈ αααααΈαα¬αΈα α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬ α ααααΈαα¬αΈαααααα±αα¬ geo-
membrane liner subgrade Construction αααααΈα QA/QC α ααΈαααααααααΈα α‘αααΈα»αα¬αΈαα¬αΈ ααα±αα¬αα±αα¬α α‘ααΈα»αα»αααΈαα
αααααΈα αα±ααΈα»αααΈαα αααΈααααα«ααα
Knight Piesold α‘α±αα»αα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααααΈαα¬αΈααΌα α‘αααα‘αααααα αααα±αα¬αααΈ S&K α ααααΈ
αααααΈαα¬αΈα α±αα¬ααΈαααα±αΎαα¬α α±αα‘ααα‘α±ααΌαΈ α‘ααΈαΎαααα α±α α¬ααΎαααααααααΈα α‘α»ααα»αααααα¬ α ααααΈααα‘α
α‘ααΈαααΌα¬αΈααα±α‘α¬α ααα±ααΈααα«ααα α‘αααα‘α¬αΈαΏαα Knight Piesold αα S&K α ααααΈα‘α¬αΈ ααααΌααα±αα¬
αα¬ααα¬αΈα‘ααΌααΈ ααα±αα¬αααΌαα±ααΈααααα αααΈαα¬αα α»αα αααα«ααα ααα¬ααααααΈαα αααΈαααΈαααα¬αΈα‘α¬αΈαααΈ
α‘ααΈα±αα¬ααααα±ααΈαααα α‘αα¬αααα¬αααα±α‘α¬α αα½αΌαααααα«ααααα α‘αααΈαααααααΈ αααΈααααα‘α
αααα«ααααα±αααα α±αα¬αααα«α±αΎαα¬ααΈ ααα»αα‘ααα«ααααα½αΌααα¬αα
α‘αΎααΈαααΈαααααΈααα¬αααα¬ α‘αααααα¬
KNIGHT PIΓSOLD PTY LTD
α αα¬α€αααα
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