Stress Health n Coping

8/12/2019 Stress Health n Coping

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STRESS, HEALTH ANDCOPING

NURDIYANA ABD HALIM

COLLEGE OF FOUNDATION AND GENERAL STUDIES

PPYF103


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STRESS PANIC DISORDER

Panic disorder: characterized by recurrent andunexpected panic attacks.

The person become so worried about havinganother panic attack that it interferes with normalpsychological functioning.

Panic attack: period of intense fear or discomfort

Pounding heart, sweating, trembling, shortnessof breath, feelings of choking, chest pain, nausea,dizziness and fear of losing control.


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STRESS PANIC DISORDER

Definition of Stress:

the anxious or threatening feeling that comes

when we interpret or appraise a situation as beingmore than our psychological resources can

adequately handle (Lazarus, 1999)


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PRIMAR

YAPPRAISALS

HARM/LOSS

THREATS

ENVIRONMENTALFACTOR

Primary Appraisals: initial/ subjective interpretation of a

potentially stressful situation (Lazarus, 1999 &2000)


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PRIMARY APPRAISALS

HARM/LOSS

Have alreadysustaineddamage/injury

Elicits negativeemotions

More intense ve emotionsare, more

stressfulsituation willseem

THREAT

Harm/loss notyet taken placebut you know it

will happen inthe future

Elicits veemotions

Situation may

seemsespeciallystressful

CHALLENGE

Have the potentialfor gain but alsoneed to mobilizeyour physicalenergy andpsychologicalresources to meetthe challengingsituation

Elicits positiveemotion; lessstressful


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APPRAISAL TO AROUSAL


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FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE

A. direct great resource of energy to muscle and brain

B. triggered by physical stimuli that threaten oursurvival or psychological situation that are challenging

or threatening.

C. involve numerous psychological responses that

arouse and prepare body for action.


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ACTIVATION OF FIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE

APPRAISAL

HYPOTHALAMUS

AUTONOMICNERVOUS SYSTEM

FIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE


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Psychosomatic Symptoms

DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOSOMATIC SYMPTOMS: Genetic predisposition

Lifestyle

Threat appraisals

Psychosomatic symptoms


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GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME

Continualactivation of fight-

flight response

General AdaptationSyndrome (GAS)

General adaptation syndrome (GAS):

- bodys reaction to stressful situation

- Increase the chances of developing

psychosomatic symptom.


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3 stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

1. Alarm Stage Initial reaction to stress

Activation of fight-flight response (cause physiologicalarousal)

2. Resistance stage reaction to continued stress

most physiological responses return to normal

Body uses up great stores of energy

3. Exhaustion stage

long term, continuous stress

Actual breakdown in internal organ / weakeningimmune system


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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)


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STRESSFUL EXPERIENCES


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Situational stressor

Adjustment disorder:

Unable to cope with major life changes it include

emotional and behavioral symptom.

(depression, overwhelmed, poor performance,

reckless decision, aggressive)


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Situational Stressor

Violence:

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD):

Disabling condition; fro personally experiencing anevent that involves actual/ threatened deathh/serious

injury/witnessing something.

Symptoms: recurring and disturbing memories, terrible

nightmares, intense fear and anxiety


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Conflicts

Feeling of having to choose between 2 or more

incompatible options.

1. Approach (+) Approach (+) = both option ispleasurable

2. Avoidance (-) Avoidance (-) = both options are not so

good3. Approach (+) Avoidance (-) = single option having

both pleasurable and disagreeable outcome.


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Styles of Dealing with Conflict

avoidance : avoid facing the problem

accommodation : give in to conflict to avoiddiscrepancies

domination : do everything to win

compromise : manipulate and misrepresent to end

conflict

integration : finding the best possible solution for all- beopen and emphasize similarities.


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TYPES OF STRESS

Distress

negative stress brought about by changes oralterations in an individuals life.

anxiety, severe trauma or mental sufferingresulting from exhaustion or an accident.

Acute stress: short-term and caused by exposureto trauma, such as rape, robbery, combat or

natural disaster. Chronicstress: long-term stress that occurs

frequently and if not dealt with accordingly manyserious health problems may develop


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PERSONALITY & SOCIAL FACTORS

Hardiness: Personality traits (control, commitment, challenge)

that protect us from harmful effect of stressfulsituation and reduced the development of

psychosomatic illness.

Optimism:

Stable personality traits that lead to believing andexpecting that good thing will happen.

Pessimism:

Stable personality trait that lead to believing andexpecting that bad thing will happen


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LOCUS OF CONTROL

Internal locus of control :

A belief that you are basically in control of lifeevent and what you do influence the situation

(you are in charge)

External locus of control:

A belief that chances and luck determine whathappen and that you have not much influence inlife (you are being control)


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Social Support

Three factors

Having a group or network of family or friend who

provide strong social attachment Being able to exchange helpful resources among

family and friend

and feeling or making appraisal that we have

support.


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Kinds of Coping

Problem focused coping : Try to decrease stress by solving the problem through

seeking information , changing our own behavior ortaking whatever action is needed to resolvedifficulties.

Emotion focused coping:

We do things that primarily to deal with our

emotional distress, such as seekingsupport and sympathy or avoiding or denying

the situation.


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Stress Management Program

Uses variety of strategies to reduce anxiety, fear and

stressful experience by changing three different

aspect of lives:

Thought (appraisal)

Behavior

Physiological responses


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Changing Thoughts

Use challenge appraisals

Substitute positive self-statements


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Changing Behaviours

Emotion-focused coping; in short term serves to

reduce stress by decreasing negative emotion

feelings.

Problem-focused coping ; better for long run


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Learning to Relax

Biofeedback

Voluntarily learning to control physiologicalresponses by recording and displaying responses

Progressive Relaxation

Practicing tensing and relaxing the major musclegroup until able to relax any muscle at will

Transcendental Meditation / yoga Removing all worrisome/ stressful thoughts and

replacing them with peaceful ones.


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Stress Health n Coping