Student Times Engineering

EngineeringYOUR GUIDE TO THE AMAZING WORLD OF ENGINEERING St

uden

t TIM

ES

IntroductionPage 2

Engineering TodayPage 2

Jobs in Engineering

Page 3

Engineering the Future

Page 4

Roles for GraduatesPage 5-6

The Big Players in Engineering

Page 7

Industrial Engineering

Page 7

Study Engineering

abroadPage 11abroadPage 11

Contacts and

associationsPage 12

CONTENTS

Aerospace Engineering

Page 8

Chemical EngineeringPage 9

Study Engineering and be a Top

EarnerPage 10-11

Yes, it’s Rocket Science and it’s British!

www.studenttimes.org

GIOVE-A satellite designed and built by SSTL in Guildford, UK. Launched in December 2005 as a technology demonstrator and to validate transmission frequencies for Europe’s global navigation system. www.sstl.co.uk

2 Issue 4 2007 StudentTIMESINTRODUCTION

TODAY, MOST engineering sectors are thriving. In particu-lar, chemical engineering graduates command some of the best salaries for new entrants. They can work in any fi eld that involves the development of industrial processes: food and drink; pharmaceuticals and healthcare; and extraction industries. The most contemporary of these is energy pro-duction: climate change, alternative energy sources, inno-vative recycling methods, the development of sustainable technologies and the safe transportation of hazardous sub-stances. These are current issues of public and governmen-tal concern in which chemical engineers have a large part to play. Many chemical engineers also call themselves environ-mental engineers due to their commitment to sustainable energy production.

Nowadays, increasing numbers of engineers of all persua-sions and working in the full range of industries are undertak-ing work that has a link to sustainable energy. Concern over the safety and sustainability of our current energy sources has led to developments in alternative energy such as generating electricity from wind, waves and tides. The off shore alternative energy industry is growing at the rate of 20% a year and is mov-ing ahead rapidly with government backing in response to the Kyoto agreement to cut the generation of greenhouse gases. This is a global industry with developments in other European countries, especially Scandinavia. In itself, it will provide a small but signifi cant number of opportunities for a wide range of engineering graduates.

Looking at the energy picture more widely, mechanical engi-neers have been instrumental in the development of renewable power, working on turbines and blades converting energy from wind into electricity. They have designed low-carbon car engines, and have developed more eff ective use of equipment in power stations. According to the Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), opportunities for mechanical engineers were up 7.9% in 2005 from the previous year (The AGR Graduate Recruitment Survey 2005: Summer Review, 2005). Just about anything with

moveable parts has been worked on by mechanical engineers and there are job opportunities in many areas including trans-port, energy, health, defence, manufacturing and building.

Higher oil prices have enabled the British oil industry to exploit previously uneconomic oil deposits off the British coast. BP and Shell have now established new wells, and these devel-opments have resulted in more jobs in the industry, especially for engineering graduates. Developments in other parts of the world, including Angola and Azerbaijan, have increased oppor-tunities for petroleum engineers, wellsite geologists, mudlog-gers, wireline loggers and drilling engineers. The upsurge in the industry also provides equipment for chemical engineers in processing; mechanical and structural engineers, in the design of equipment; and electrical engineers, in providing control sys-tems and telemetry.

The aerospace industry employs 250,000 people and has an annual turnover in excess of £18billion in the UK (Society of British Aerospace Companies, 2006). The industry off ers numer-ous opportunities, at many diff erent levels, including modern apprenticeships and graduate development schemes. The UK’s aircraft and aerospace industry is the largest in the world out-side the USA and is a signifi cant driver of regional and national economic growth and productivity. The UK-based industry is a major technology innovator, acting as a key stimulus to academ-ic research. The aerospace industry is another sector that works internationally. For example, Airbus makes the diff erent parts for its aeroplanes in diff erent countries and then assembles them in another.

In the UK defence equipment market, products include civil and military aircraft, satellites, rockets and missiles, navigation and electronic guidance systems. Hundreds of small fi rms act as suppliers to the industry and there is work for a broad range of engineers from disciplines including aeronautical, structural, electronic and mechanical engineering.

In telecommunications, employers include cable companies, mobile operators, internet service providers, as well as techni-

cal companies that develop equipment and technology for the communications infrastructure. There are approximately 300 telecoms-related employers in the UK, for example BT, Cable and Wireless, AOL and Orange. China has become a major market for new telecommunication systems, leading to the recruitment of more engineers in this sector.

Developments in health, education and transport have a huge impact on the outlook for civil engineering jobs. At the moment, due to the government’s policies in these areas, pros-pects for civil engineers have never been better. The prospects for structural engineers tend to refl ect those of civil engineers, as their work is to ensure that built structures stay watertight, stable and don’t collapse under everyday pressure.

Similarly, activity in construction, transport, utilities and com-munication sectors, as exists at present, is good news for electri-cal engineers. Companies such as Metronet, Network Rail and Mott MacDonald are all on the lookout for electrical engineers and are off ering highly competitive salaries.

The engineering sector is huge. The Engineering Employers’ Federation (EEF) is more than 6,000 member fi rms strong. There are an estimated 800,000 engineers in a sec-tor employing roughly 1.7 million people in total. At the end of 2005 the total number of Engineering Council UK (ECUK) registered engineers stood at 243,077. Of these, 188,367 were chartered engineers, 41,603 incorporated engineers and 13,107 engi-neering technicians.

IntroductionEngineering is the application of art, science, knowledge, mathematics, tech-nology and practical experience to the design and production of objects, tools or processes. Professional practitioners of engineering are called engineers. Engineers design and build aircraft (Aerospace), roads and buildings (Civil / Architectural), computers andnelectronics (Electrical), machines and vehicles (Mechanical), medical devices (Biomedical) and much, much more. Without en-gineering, the world would be a very different place.

Engineering Today

There are approximately 300 telecoms-related employers in the UK, for example BT, Cable and Wireless, AOL and Orange.

StudentTIMES Issue 4 2007 3JOBS IN ENGINEERING

from this…

…to this

leadership in formulation science

ICI’s graduate and internship opportunities in Europe andChina cover areas as diverse as:

To find out more about a uniquely rewarding future visit our website:

www.icigraduates.com

• Sales

• Marketing

• Research & Development

• Engineering for Manufacturing

• Human Resources

• Purchasing

• Supply Chain

• Finance

• Planning & Logistics

The CompanyICI is one of the world’s major coatings, adhesives, starch and synthetic polymers businesses. The Group’s principal busi-nesses are National Starch and ICI Paints.

ICI products today include starches for the food industry, specialty polymers for personal care products, adhesives for the electronics and packaging markets as well as a wide range of decorative coatings and specialty products for domestic use and the construction industry. Within the ICI Paints business, we have a number of the biggest brands in DIY and are brand leaders in all of the markets we compete in. Our brands include Dulux Glidden, Hammerite, Cuprinol and Polycell. Around a quarter of ICI’s sales are made in Asia Pacifi c, with 30% in Europe and over 40% in the Americas.

Listed on both the London and New York Stock Exchanges, ICI is a member of the FTSE100, FTSE4Good and the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. ICI has approximately 26,000 employees worldwide and sales in 2006 were £4.8 billion.

OpportunitiesGraduate, Industrial Placement and Summer Internship opportunities at ICI cover a range of diverse areas, so it is important that you identify the right one for you. Each of our businesses has a distinct culture and envi-ronment, as well as its own range of products and opportunities. Areas include Research & Development, Supply Chain, Engineering for Manufacturing, Customer Business Devel-opment, Marketing, Sales, HR, Purchasing, Finance and IT.

We have a wealth of opportunities for you to develop your career with ICI, but too much respect for your individual ambitions to dic-tate what your starting point should be. Our opportunities give you the chance to take advantage of what we can off er and devel-

op a unique future for yourself. As such, we ask you to apply not to join a generic graduate programme, but to fi ll a specifi c position, which will act as a starting point for your career with ICI.

Ici european graduate development programmeYour development is as important to ICI as it is to you. We see you as a future senior business manager and can off er you the opportunities to challenge you to achieve that vision.

Your individual programme will be unique, defi ned by your roles and supported by your ambition and motivation. Far from telling you what to do, we expect you to take the initiative and drive your career yourself.

Alongside your functional and individual training you will be provided with develop-ment opportunities under “The ICI European Graduate Development Programme”. This Programme has been developed to provide graduates with an understanding of the ICI Group as a whole and a network of contacts throughout Europe. Each training event aims to enhance your business-based knowledge and your management and team working skills. Your manager will be familiar with the aims and objectives of the programme and will provide opportunities for you to put your learning into practice.

What we’re Looking ForWe are looking for individuals with strong drive and motivation, as well as being able to take ownership for delivering on your com-mitments. You must have achieved or be expecting to achieve a minimum 2:1 degree and have achieved a minimum 280 UCAS points.

How to ApplyAll applications are via our website: www.ici-graduates.com

PROFILE: ICI

Aerospace EngineerAerospace Engineering TechnicianAgricultural EngineerAgricultural/Horticultural TechnicianBroadcast engineerChemical EngineerChemical Engineering TechnicianClinical EngineerComputer Hardware EngineerConstruction Plant MechanicDesign EngineerElectrical EngineerElectrical Engineering TechnicianElectricity Distribution WorkerElectricity Generation WorkerElectronic Engineering TechnicianElectronics AssemblerElectronics EngineerEngineering Construction TechnicianEngineering Craft/CNC MachinistEngineering Maintenance FitterEngineering Maintenance TechnicianMarine EngineerMarine Engineering Technician

Materials EngineerMaterials TechnicianMeasurement and Control TechnicianMechanical EngineerMechanical Engineering TechnicianMining EngineerMotor Vehicle Body Repairer/Refi nisher/BuilderNaval ArchitectNDT Technician/SpecialistNuclear EngineerOffi ce Equipment Service TechnicianOil and Gas EngineerOil and Gas Industry Technician

Production EngineerSatellite Systems Technician

Security Systems InstallerSignalling TechnicianSound Engineer (Recording Industry)Sound Engineer (Theatre)Traction and Rolling Stock Engineer

Jobs in Engineering

Production EngineerSatellite Systems Technician

Security Systems InstallerSignalling TechnicianSound Engineer (Recording Industry)Sound Engineer (Theatre)Traction and Rolling Stock Engineer

DID YOU KNOW...

...that only one of the 266 1076 Class

steam locomotives built for the Great

Western Railway was named, and

the rest had only numbers?

Ever thought of being a Satellite System Technician?

Or at a chemical refi nery?

4 Issue 4 2007 StudentTIMESENGINEERING THE FUTURE

NanotechnologyNANOTECHNOLOGY PROMISES to have a huge impact on engineering. It is best considered as a catch-all description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a metre, that is, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of human hair, or ten times the diameter of a hydrogen atom.

The discovery of spinning molecular structures seems to herald the beginning of the ‘bottom-up’ stage of nanotech-nology. These structures may open the door to understanding the basis of power generation and controllable motion at the molecular level, with huge applications in many industries, but none more than medicine.

It will provide earlier and better diagnostics and treatment will combine earlier and more precisely targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology, in the form of fl exible fi lms containing minia-turised electrodes, is expected to improve the performance of retinal, cochlear and neural implants. It could also lead to the miniaturisation of medical diagnostic and sensing tools. In this respect, nanotechnology could enable developing nations to leapfrog older technologies, in the way that copper wire and optical fi bre telephony were superseded by mobile phones.

Another feature of nanotechnology is that it is the one area of research and development that is truly multidisciplinary. Research at the nanoscale is unifi ed by the need to share knowl-edge on tools and techniques, as well as information on the physics aff ecting atomic and molecular interactions. Materials scientists, mechanical and electronic engineers and medical researchers are now forming teams with biologists, physicists and chemists.

EnergyA cursory glance at the Engineering and Physi-cal Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) web-site leaves us in no doubt that energy is the major issue exercising the minds of engineers and scientists alike. The major research highlights listed on the website are: ‘Effi ciency begins at home’; ‘Locking carbon in’; ‘Bioenergy benefi ts fusion’; and ‘Fusion: the materials challenge’.

More and more of our engineers, regardless of their discipline, are involved in projects concerned in some way with the problem of energy. A combination of rising energy prices, fears over potential disruption to

power supplies in the coming years, and mounting evidence that the UK is not on course to meet the government’s carbon emissions targets, all mean that the subject of energy is cur-rently never far from the headlines. The immediate challenges facing engineers are to reduce emissions from carbon-based fossil fuels, to identify alternative sources of energy and to help manage the economic transfer of dependency from one source to another. Replacing nuclear energy with nuclear fusion off ers the potential for limitless, environmentally friendly energy. How-ever, it is unlikely to realise this potential for some time and, until then, engineers will have to come up with ways of extending the lives of the nuclear power stations and developing alternative sources of energy.

Engineering is an ever-changing industry. We may not know the future with certainty but there are clear signs of developments to come.

Engineering the Future

With worrying levels of carbon emissions the and targets to meet, the UK will be looking to develop renewable power sources in the future

It could also lead to the miniaturisation of medical diag-nostic and sensing tools. In this respect, nanotechnol-

ogy could enable developing nations to leapfrog older technologies, in the way that copper wire and optical fi bre telephony were superseded by mobile phones.

“The discovery of spinning mo-lecular structures seems to

herald the beginning of the ‘bot-tom-up’ stage of nanotechnology. These structures may open the door to understanding the basis of power generation and control-

lable motion at the molecular level, with huge applications in many industries, but none more

than medicine.”

Molecular nanotechnology illustration

A cursory glance at the Engineering and Physi-cal Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) web-

in projects concerned in some way with the problem of energy. A combination of rising energy prices, fears over potential disruption to

DID YOU KNOW...

...that forensic electrical engineer-

ing is a branch of forensic engineer-

ing whose primary role is to

investigate whether a fi re was

caused by the failure of an

electrical appliance?

StudentTIMES Issue 4 2007 5ROLES FOR GRADUATES

Division of Engineering��

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If you want to join the engineering profession, and study in a welcoming environment, then our degrees are for you.

For further details please visit our website www.kcl.ac.uk/diveng or email the admissions tutors on [email protected] or [email protected]

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ROLES FOR GRADUATES

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERAeronautical engineers apply scientifi c and technological principles to research, design, maintain and develop the performance of civil and military aircraft, missiles, weapons systems, satellites and space vehicles. The role is focused on enhancing high-quality fl ight safety and standards, as well as reducing system costs. Aeronautical engineering off ers a wide range of roles. Most engineers specialise in a particular area, such as research, design, testing, manufac-ture or maintenance. Professional roles within the indus-try include: chartered engineer status, with overall man-agerial responsibility for projects; incorporated engineer level, with day-to-day responsibility for problem solving and team supervision; and engineering technician level, with responsibility for manufacture and assembly.

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERAutomotive engineers design, test and develop vehi-cles and/or components from concept stage through to production and are involved in improving the vehicle in response to customer feedback once on the market. Spe-cialising in areas such as aerodynamics, alternative fuels, chassis, electronics, emissions, ergonomics, manufactur-ing, materials, motorsport, powertrain, rapid prototyping, vehicle and pedestrian safety or supply chain manage-ment, they use both traditional methods and state-of-the-art technology to engineer vehicles to increasingly high standards. Although not directly involved in pre-concept development or manufacture, they will work with stylists and production engineers to ensure that the whole pro-cess is effi cient and thoroughly planned.

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERBiomedical engineers apply engineering principles and materials technology to healthcare. This can include: researching, designing and developing medical products, such as joint replacements or robotic surgical instruments; designing or modifying equipment for clients of all ages with special needs in a rehabilitation setting; or manag-ing the use of clinical equipment in hospitals and the com-munity. Working closely with health professionals, such as occupational therapists and physiotherapists, biomedical engineers are often members of multidisciplinary teams. The amount of direct patient contact varies between posts but most engineers fi nd job satisfaction in the diff erence they can make to the quality of people’s lives.

CHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERA chemical development engineer creates and develops industrial processes and plant to make the products on which modern society depends. These products include fuels, food and drink, artifi cial fi bres, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, plastics, toiletries, energy and clean water. They may focus on one or more of the following: researching and developing new or improved product lines; bringing these new products and processes to an industrial scale; developing and modifying the manufacturing and pro-cessing plant that produces the products; designing and commissioning new plant. Protecting the environment and safety are signifi cant concerns for the chemical development engineer.

CIVIL ENGINEER (CON-SULTING)Civil engineers are involved with the design, development and construc-tion of a huge range of projects in the built and natural environment. Their role is central to ensuring the safe, timely and well-resourced completion of projects in many areas, including highways construc-tion, waste management, coastal devel-opment and geotechnical engineering. Consulting civil engineers are responsible for working with clients to plan, manage, design and supervise the construction of projects. They work in a number of diff erent settings and, with experience, can run projects as project manager. They may also monitor the quality of work and safety on site in conjunction with

contracting engineers.

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERA communications engineer works in a range of job

roles. Some roles focus on managerial activities, with others placing an emphasis on apply-

ing technical knowledge. These roles exist within a number of sectors, including

internet and computing technologies, networking and telecommunications, and radio. For those following the managerial route, the role involves planning and managing projects, ensuring that they are delivered on

time, within budget and to the agreed standards of quality. Communications

engineers following the technical expert route use specialist knowledge to design

and deliver solutions, as well as provide tech-nical guidance to others within their organisation.

These are some examples of roles commonly undertaken by graduates in engineering

Automotive engineering can involve every-thing from designing to customer feedback. Image by S Jursen ©

A chemical development engineer explores substances such as fuel. Image by Brith-Marie Warn ©

Some roles in communication engineering focus on managerial activities, with others placing an emphasis on applying technical knowledge. These roles exist within a number of sectors, including internet and computing technologies, networking and telecommunications, and radio.

CIVIL ENGINEER (CON-

tion, waste management, coastal devel-opment and geotechnical engineering. Consulting civil engineers are responsible for working with clients to plan, manage, design

roles. Some roles focus on managerial activities, with others placing an emphasis on apply-

ing technical knowledge. These roles exist within a number of sectors, including

internet and computing technologies, networking and telecommunications, and radio. For those following the managerial route, the role involves planning and managing projects, ensuring that they are delivered on

time, within budget and to the agreed standards of quality. Communications

engineers following the technical expert route use specialist knowledge to design

and deliver solutions, as well as provide tech-nical guidance to others within their organisation.

DID YOU KNOW...

...that KATRIN is an experiment

to determine the mass of the

neutrino by measuring the

energies of electrons given

off from the beta decay

of tritium?

6 Issue 4 2007 StudentTIMESROLES FOR GRADUATES

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERElectrical engineers design and develop electrical systems and/or components to high specifi cations, focusing on: economy; safety; and reliability. They are involved in proj-ects from the design concept through to implementation, acceptance testing and handover. Within these projects, most electrical engineers work as part of multidisciplinary teams, not only with engineers from other specialisations, but also with architects, marketing and sales staff , techni-cians and customer service personnel. Electrical engineers need technical knowledge along with the ability to project manage and multi-task. Additional skills, such as the abil-ity to work in a supervisory capacity, are usually required as careers in this role progress.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERElectronics is the technology concerned with the develop-ment and behaviour of devices and circuits (televisions, computers), which make use of electronic components such as transistors or silicon chips. Electronics engineers develop and design products, processes or devices in the fi eld of lowpower electricity. Their main areas of work are in com-puter applications, control systems (from satellite tracking to domestic appliances), medical equipment, radio and tele-vision and telecommunications. Many organisations now operate cross-functional project management teams with electronics engineers involved at every stage of develop-ment, in collaboration with colleagues in research, design, testing, implementation, marketing and after-sales service.

MATERIALS ENGINEERMaterials engineers are responsible for the research, specifi cation, design and develop-ment of materials to advance technolo-gies of many kinds. Their expertise lies in understanding the properties of dif-ferent materials. They are involved at many stages of production: from the materials used in the actual process-ing plant, to the materials used in a fi nished product. They work with many diff erent materials, including: ceramics; glass; chemicals; compos-ites; metals; minerals; plastics; polymers and rubber. Working in a diverse range of industries, they aim to combine or mod-

ify materials in diff erent ways to improve the performance, durability and cost eff ectiveness of processes and products.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERMechanical engineers use engineering principles to provide effi cient solutions to the development of processes and products, which can range from small component designs to extremely large plant, machinery or vehicles. They work on the design, development, installation, operation or main-tenance of plant, machinery or products, working at the concept stage in: research and development – searching for new engineering solutions; design – looking to develop new or existing products and processes; production – working to develop more effi cient production processes. Mechanical engineering is often thought to be one of the most diverse engineering disciplines with opportunities available in a wide range of industries.

NAVAL ARCHITECTNaval architects are professional engineers responsible for the design, development, construction and repair of sur-face and underwater vessels and operating systems. These include: civil and military vessels (eg, merchant ships and warships); submarines; high speed craft (eg, hovercraft and multihull ships); yachts; recreational craft; and off shore drill-ing platforms and other marine structures. Building marine vessels involves teams of specialists: engineers, technicians and craftspeople. Naval architects lead and co-ordinate the design and build activity to ensure safe, practical and economic design and construction processes. Advances in marine technology, processes and materials mean that a

naval architect’s role is constantly developing.

PROCESS ENGINEERA process engineer develops economi-

cal industrial processes to make the products on which modern society depends. These products include: food and drink; fuel; artifi cial fi bres; pharmaceuticals; chemicals; plastics; toiletries; energy; and clear water. The work concerns large-scale chem-

ical and biochemical processes in which raw materials undergo change.

This involves scaling up the manufacture of products and processes from the labora-

tory bench to full production plants. Designing equipment, understanding the reactions taking place, installing control systems, starting, running and upgrading the processes are all part of the job. Protecting the environment and safety are also signifi cant concerns for process engineers.

OTHER ROLES FOR GRADUATES■ Armed Forces offi cer, technical■ Biochemical engineer■ Brewing engineer■ Building control surveyor■ Building project manager■ Building services engineer■ Cartographer■ Chartered management accountant■ Civil engineer (contracting)■ Civil engineering surveyor■ Control and instrumentation engineer■ Customer service engineer■ Distribution/logistics manager■ Drilling engineer■ Energy conservation offi cer■ Engineering geologist■ Environmental consultant■ Environmental engineer■ Financial manager■ Geological mapper■ Geophysicist (fi eld seismologist)■ Higher education lecturer■ Maintenance engineer■ Management consultant■ Manufacturing engineer■ Mining engineer■ Mudlogger■ Network engineer■ Personnel offi cer■ Petroleum engineer■ Quantity surveyor■ Rail operations manager■ Sales promotion account executive■ Seismic interpreter■ Site engineer■ Software engineer■ Structural engineer■ Systems developer■ Technical author■ Technical sales engineer■ Training and development■ offi cer/manager■ Water engineer■ Water quality scientist■ Wellsite geologist

Mechanical engineering is often thought to be one of the most diverse engineering disciplines with opportunities available in a wide range of industries. Image by Oziris©

Materials engineers are responsible for the research, specifi cation, design and develop-ment of materials to advance technolo-gies of many kinds. Their expertise lies

and rubber. Working in a diverse range of industries, they aim to combine or mod-

naval architect’s role is constantly developing.

PROCESS ENGINEERA process engineer develops economi-

cal industrial processes to make the products on which modern society depends. These products include: food and drink; fuel; artifi cial fi bres; pharmaceuticals; chemicals; plastics; toiletries; energy; and clear water. The work concerns large-scale chem-

ical and biochemical processes in which raw materials undergo change.

This involves scaling up the manufacture of products and processes from the labora-

DID YOU KNOW...

...that ANTARES, a neutrino tele-

scope under construction in the

Mediterranean Sea, will fi nd

neutrinos from outer space

by looking downward,

into the Earth?

Naval architects design, developement,construction and repair of civil and military vessels.

StudentTIMES Issue 4 2007 7

Aerospace, engineering and defenceTHE PRODUCTS of these sectors set the tech-nological standards. Global players such as Boeing, EADS, BAE Systems, MBDA and Tha-les operate in the international aerospace and defence industries. Such a high-tech industry requires highly qualifi ed engineers with strong academic backgrounds. The cus-tomers in the UK are the Ministry of Defence and the Armed Forces (The Army, Royal Navy and Royal Air Force (RAF)) and commercial aircraft producers such as Airbus. QinetiQ, the defence procurement company, recruits around 300 graduates every year who need to be ‘analytical, proactive and forward thinking’. BAE Systems, operating in the international aerospace and defence indus-tries, takes on around 150 recruits every year, including all engineering disciplines. Airbus recruits around 80 graduates annually for work in aircraft design, engineering, manu-facture and assembly, wings and systems.

Rolls Royce spans the range from aero engine to turbine-producing engines for both civil and defence aircraft and ships, as well as turbines for electricity generation. Approximately 100 gradu-

ates are recruited each year for jobs in engineer-ing, logistics, purchasing, fi nance, commercial careers and human resources.

TelecommunicationsNow that third generation phones are on the market, recruitment in this sector has improved considerably over the past two years. BT typi-cally looks for over 200 graduates each year and Vodafone, 50. Jobs on off er include research, product development, hardware and opera-tions, marketing, sales and fi nance. Recruitment into telecommunications equipment manufac-turers, such as Nokia, Philips and Siemens, has also improved.

TransportRailThere are over 100 companies in the rail indus-try and at least 40 of these recruit graduates. The biggest of these is the infrastructure operator Network Rail. Their role is to maintain, improve and upgrade an infrastructure that comprises track, signalling systems, bridges, tunnels, via-ducts and level crossings. They require about 50 graduates from a wide range of engineering degrees. Other recruiters of engineering gradu-

ates are the train operators, consul-tants, rolling stock suppliers and London Under-ground.

AutomobileOpportunities in the automobile industry are more prone to peaks and troughs than other industries. In 2005, Peugeot, Jaguar, Rover and the MG sports car all saw their fortunes fall in Britain. A few other car manufacturers, such as Nissan and Ford, have had a better time. None-theless, opportunities for engineering graduates in the automobile industry are hard to come by.

EnergyThis sector has always had its share of big play-ers. It includes the oil and gas companies plus electricity generators and the new sustainable

types of energy such as hydrogen. Employers include BP, Shell, ExxonMobil, Total, BG, Transco and Powergen. Jobs range from the exploration and production of oil and gas, to the manufac-turing of petrochemicals. The work covers most engineering disciplines plus commercial, fi nance and IT opportunities.

ConsultantsEngineering consultancies off er excellent careers for high-fl ying engineering graduates. Most of the leading fi rms, such as Arup, Atkins, Bab-tie and Bechtel, are international concerns with projects worldwide. Civil, electrical, mechanical and chemical engineers are among their recruits. The largest of these organisations typically take on 100-plus new graduates and postgraduate engineers annually.

THE BIG PLAYERS

The MoD is an Equal Opportunities Employer

The Ministry of Defence (Defence Engineering and Science Group)is open to applications from:

17th April to 14th May 2007.We offer World class Graduate opportunities through the DESG Graduate Scheme. Our Engineering and Science Graduates go on to work at the forefront of technology, managing defence projects worth millions of pounds.

The work is fascinating, valuable and unique.

You could add to our community of 9,000 professional engineers and scientists, working within MoD Civil Service, to equip and support the Defence of the UK with state of the art technology.

This fully paid scheme is accredited by: The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, The Institution of Engineering and Technology, The Institute of Civil Engineers, The Royal Aeronautical Society, The Institute of Physics and The Royal Institution of Naval Architects.

We will provide you with a package of solid training and work placements – tailored to meet your individual development needs – and designed to make it possible for you to achieve Chartered status in just four years. You will be given the opportunity to work on a variety of challenging assignments and there are opportunities to work throughout the UK and overseas.

The MoD offers: • Increasingly challenging roles

• Work-life balance

• Career opportunities at many locations, home and abroad

• Flexible working hours You can apply online now, please see the DESG website: www.desg.mod.uk

• A solid training programme

• A competitive salary

• Opportunities for internal education and career development

The engineering sector has several big players that often recruit from the full spectrum of engineering degrees.

“Rolls Royce spans the range from aero engine to turbine-produc-ing engines for both civil and defence aircraft and ships, as well as turbines for electricity generation. Approximately 100 graduates are recruited each year for jobs in engineering, logistics, purchas-

ing, fi nance, commercial careers and human resources.”

The big players in Engineering

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING is a branch of engineering that con-cerns the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, material and process. Industri-al engineering draws upon the principles and methods of engi-neering analysis and synthesis, as well as mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. In lean manufac-turing systems, Industrial engineers work to eliminate wastes of time, money, materials, energy and other resources.

Industrial engineering is also known as operations management, systems engineering, production engineering, manufacturing engi-neering or manufacturing systems engineering; a distinction that seems to depend on the viewpoint or motives of the user. Recruiters or educational establishments use the names to diff erentiate them-selves from others. In healthcare, industrial engineers are more com-monly known as management engineers, engineering management, or even health systems engineers.

Whereas most engineering disciplines apply skills to very spe-cifi c areas, industrial engineering is applied in virtually every indus-try. Examples of where industrial engineering might be used include shortening lines (or queues) at a theme park, streamlining an operat-ing room, distributing products worldwide (also referred to as Supply Chain Management), and manufacturing cheaper and more reliable automobiles. Industrial engineers typically use computer simulation, especially discrete event simulation, for system analysis and evalua-tion.

The name “industrial engineer” can be misleading. While the term originally applied to manufacturing, it has grown to encompass ser-vices and other industries as well. Similar fi elds include operations research, systems engineering, ergonomics and quality engineering.

There are a number of things industrial engineers do in their work to make processes more effi cient, to make products more manufac-turable and consistent in their quality, and to increase productivity.

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

ates are recruited each year for jobs in engineer- ates are the train operators, consul- types of energy such as hydrogen. Employers

The engineering sector has several big players that often

The big players in Engineering

8 Issue 4 2007 StudentTIMESAEROSPACE ENGINEERING

AEROSPACE ENGINEERS design, develop, and test aircraft, spacecraft, and missiles and supervise the production of these prod-ucts. Those who work with aircraft are called aeronautical engineers, and those working specifi cally with spacecraft are astronauti-cal engineers. Aerospace engineers devel-op new technologies for use in aviation, defense systems, and space exploration, often specializing in areas such as structural design, guidance, navigation and control, instrumentation and communication, or production methods. They also may special-ize in a particular type of aerospace product, such as commercial aircraft, military fi ghter jets, helicopters, spacecraft, or missiles and rockets, and may become experts in aerody-namics, thermodynamics, celestial mechan-ics, propulsion, acoustics, or guidance and control systems.

Aerospace engineers are expected to have slower-than-average growth in employment over the projection period. Although increases

in the number and scope of military aerospace projects likely will generate new jobs, increased effi ciency will limit the number of new jobs in the design and production of commercial air-craft. Even with slow growth, the employment outlook for aerospace engineers through 2014 appears favorable: the number of degrees granted in aerospace engineering declined for many years because of a perceived lack of opportunities in this fi eld, and, although this trend is reversing, new graduates continue to be needed to replace aerospace engineers who retire or leave the occupation for other rea-sons.

The work of an aerospace engineer could involve:■ research - to solve complex engineering

problems caused by weight, altitude, tem-

perature and engine performance ■ design - turning ideas into the plans for a

product. Design can range from producing a single component to a whole aircraft engine

■ manufacture - making, modifying and assem-bling parts of an aircraft.

Salaries range from around £18,000 to £50,000 a year or more.

Aerospace engineers should:■ have a logical approach to solving problems ■ have good numeracy and computing skills ■ be able to read and interpret diagrams and

drawings ■ have good team-working and communica-

tion skills ■ have an interest in aircraft and fl ight technol-

ogy.Most aerospace engineers work for aircraft

manufacturing companies, airline operators and the Armed Forces. Other employers include Government departments and agencies, and

regulatory authorities like the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).

Studying for an aeronautical engineering degree is the most usual route into the profes-sion. Entry to a degree course is with at least fi ve GCSEs/S grades and two or three A levels/three or four H grades, normally including maths and a science subject, or equivalent qualifi cations. Apprenticeships may be available. Adults with relevant experience are usually welcomed.

Experienced aerospace engineers are usu-ally either Incorporated or Chartered engineers and it is worth getting as much training and as high a level of qualifi cations as possible.

Promotion could be to senior engineer-ing posts or management roles. There are also opportunities overseas or to work indepen-dently as a consultant.

Aerospace Engineering

The construction of a Boeing

“Most aerospace engineers work for aircraft manufacturing companies, airline operators and the Armed Forces. Other employers include Government departments and agencies, and regulatory authori-

ties like the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).”

Design of a private jet

StudentTIMES Issue 4 2007 9CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (e.g. chemistry and phys-ics), with mathematics, to the process of con-verting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. As well as produc-ing useful materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques; an important form of research and development. A per-son employed in this fi eld is called a chemi-cal engineer.

Chemical engineering largely involves the design and maintenance of chemical processes for large-scale manufacture. Chemical engi-neers in this branch are usually employed under the title of process engineer. The development of the large-scale processes characteristic of industrialized economies is a feat of chemical engineering, not chemistry. Indeed, chemical engineers are responsible for the availability

of the modern high-quality materials that are essential for running an industrial economy.

Chemical engineers are aiming for the most economical process. This means that the entire production chain must be planned and con-trolled for costs. A chemical engineer can both simplify and complicate “showcase” reactions for an economic advantage. Using a higher pressure or temperature makes several reac-tions easier; ammonia, for example, is simply produced from its component elements in a high-pressure reactor. On the other hand, reactions with a low yield can be recycled con-tinuously, which would be complex, arduous work if done by hand in the laboratory. It is not unusual to build 6-step, or even 12-step evapo-rators to reuse the vaporization energy for an economic advantage. In contrast, laboratory chemists evaporate samples in a single step.

The individual processes used by chemi-cal engineers (eg. distillation or fi ltration) are

called unit operations and consist of chemical reaction, mass-, heat- and momentum- trans-fer operations. Unit operations are grouped together in various confi gurations for the pur-pose of chemical synthesis and/or chemical separation. Some processes are a combination of intertwined transport and separation unit operations, (e.g. reactive distillation).

Three primary physical laws underlying chemical engineering design are conservation of mass, conservation of momentum and con-servation of energy. The movement of mass and energy around a chemical process are evaluated using mass balances and energy bal-ances which apply these laws to whole plants, unit operations or discrete parts of equipment. In doing so, chemical engineers use principles of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and transport phenomena. The task of performing these balances is now aided by process simula-tors, which are complex software models (see List of Chemical Process Simulators) that can solve mass and energy balances and usually have built-in modules to simulate a variety of

common unit operations.

Modern chemical engineeringThe modern discipline of chemical engineer-ing encompasses much more than just pro-cess engineering. Chemical engineers are now engaged in the development and produc-tion of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty chemicals. These products include high performance materials needed for aerospace, automotive, biomedical, electronic, environmental and space and mili-tary applications. Examples include ultra-strong fi bers, fabrics, adhesives and composites for vehicles, bio-compatible materials for implants and prosthetics, gels for medical applications, pharmaceuticals, and fi lms with special dielec-tric, optical or spectroscopic properties for opto-electronic devices. Additionally, chemi-cal engineering is often intertwined with biol-ogy and biomedical engineering. Many chemi-cal engineers work on biological projects such as understanding biopolymers (proteins) and mapping the human genome.

As well as producing useful materials, chemical engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable new materials and techniques. Image courtesy of Dfes

Chemical Engineering

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10 Issue 4 2007 StudentTIMESBE A TOP EARNER

THE DEMAND for engineering professionals is set to rise in the UK in the next 10 years due to advances in technology and changes in industry and consumer demands. Research published by the UK Department for Education and Skills highlights this increase and forecasts that the market will expand at a rate of 2% a year.

With the reported rise of six percent in the last ten years of the number of British undergraduates studying engineering, is the UK meeting this demand? Perhaps not. A recent report from

the Engineering Council showed that the ‘drop-out’ rate in engi-neering works before graduation exceeded that of any other subject.

The study reveals that 15,931 UK students were accepted onto engineering undergraduate degree courses in 1999 - six per cent more than a decade earlier - and that they boasted higher average A level scores than their counterparts of a few years previously (19.6 compared to 18.7). Yet the ‘drop-out’ rate in the fi rst year among the 1996-97 intake stood at 12 per cent. Most ‘drop-out’ students, according to the HEFCE (Higher Educa-tion Funding Committee), had relatively low entry qualifi cations. Andrew Ramsay, the Director responsible for Engineers’ Regula-tion, is concerned and has said that:

“Widening the access will lead to undergraduates who are not prepared for the depth of knowledge an engineering course demands. Universities, therefore, unwilling to recognise the importance of a good grounding in science and maths will con-tinue to risk high drop-out rates or dumbing down”.

To this end, the Engineering Council is encouraging universi-ties to provide foundation courses to give students the experience and knowledge they need to have the best chance of completing their degree successfully and thus meet the standards required

to achieve pro-fessional engineer status.

With the increased demand for engineers over the next ten years and the reported high ‘drop-out’ rate, it’s obvious increasingly important that all potential engineers are encouraged and developed. Women represent just over a third of A level Mathematics entrants, one fi fth of those taking Physics and half of the population. They achieve the range of top grades in proportion with men. Based on edu-cational achievement there is no reason why women shouldn’t make up a similar pro-portion of new engineering professionals.

Engineering is a well paid profession for those with the right education, training and skills. The UK Department of Trade and Industry has recently released fi gures that prove that engineer-ing graduates are amongst those who are more likely to start their careers on higher salaries - earning £18 000 pa six months after graduation in comparison to the median of £15 000 pa of all other students. Additionally the report emphasises that engi-neering students rank amongst those more likely to fi nd perma-nent employment on leaving university at 83 % in contrast to 64 % for all graduates.

Most engineers have rewarding and fulfi lling careers and enjoy huge job satisfaction. Some engineers do better still and go on to command high profi le, high paying jobs. In 2000, 15 FTSE top 100 executives held engineering qualifi cations as opposed to 17 with accounting qualifi cations. So contrary to popular belief, engineers do make it to the top.

Big earners with an engineering background include the Chief Engineer at Mclaren who earns in the region of £2 million and Chief Executive of BT, who is a Chartered Engineer and earns in excess of £1 million.

Other Engineers who have found fame and fortune include James Dyson, the man who invented the Dyson vacuum cleaner, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, the American multimillionaire and the dance music sensation Basement Jaxx!

Coming back to the more normal, engineers are involved in every aspect of daily life as well as more

unusual projects that you may not be aware of. Did you know that engi-

neers save more lives than doctors in the early stages of drought

and earthquake disasters, by reconnecting water supplies, thus avoiding the spread of disease? And had you ever wondered who creates and who maintains the technol-

ogy which doctors use to save lives in our hospitals every day

of the year? Clean water, light and heat in

our homes, worldwide transport and

“Widening the access will lead to undergraduates who are not

prepared for the depth of knowl-edge an engineering course de-mands. Universities, therefore, unwilling to recognise the im-

portance of a good grounding in science and maths will continue to risk high drop-out rates or

dumbing down”.Andrew Ramsay, the Director responsible

for Engineers’ Regulation

Engineering is a well paid profession for those with the right education, training and skills.

unusual projects that you may not be aware of. Did you know that engi-

neers save more lives than doctors in the early stages of drought

and earthquake disasters, by reconnecting water supplies, thus avoiding the spread of disease? And had you ever wondered who creates and who maintains the technol-

ogy which doctors use to save lives in our hospitals every day

of the year? Clean water, light and heat in

our homes, worldwide transport and

DID YOU KNOW...

...that the technique of double-

balloon enteroscopy allows any

position along the

gastrointestinal tract to be

visualized in real-time?

the Engineering Council showed that the ‘drop-out’ rate in engi-neering works before graduation exceeded that of any other

The study reveals that 15,931 UK students were accepted onto engineering undergraduate degree courses in 1999 - six per cent more than a decade earlier - and that they boasted higher average A level scores than their counterparts of a few years previously (19.6 compared to 18.7). Yet the ‘drop-out’ rate in the fi rst year among the 1996-97 intake stood at 12 per cent. Most ‘drop-out’ students, according to the HEFCE (Higher Educa-tion Funding Committee), had relatively low entry qualifi cations. Andrew Ramsay, the Director responsible for Engineers’ Regula-tion, is concerned and has said that:

“Widening the access will lead to undergraduates who are not prepared for the depth of knowledge an engineering course

to achieve pro-fessional engineer status.

With the increased demand for engineers over the next ten years and the reported high ‘drop-out’ rate, it’s obvious increasingly important that all potential engineers are encouraged and developed. Women represent just over a third of A level Mathematics entrants, one fi fth of those taking Physics and half of the population. They achieve the range of top grades in proportion with men. Based on edu-cational achievement there is no reason why women shouldn’t make up a similar pro-

Study Engineering and be a Top Earner

Controlling the world: Microsoft founder Bill Gates, the American multimillionaire, made his money in personal computers

and games consoles. Image by Stephen Davies ©

StudentTIMES Issue 4 2007 11BE A TOP EARNER

technological advances in music are all the result of engineers’ achievements. It is the skill of engineers that has improved our quality of life and saved lives by designing and building artifi cial limbs, heart pacemakers and dialysis machines.

But studying engineering not only qualifi es you to work in an engineering-related job, it also opens doors to just about any other career you could think of. Many engineering graduates go into other fi elds such as music, media, fi nance and commerce

because employers know that engineering is a good ‘general’ qualifi cation. Numeracy, creativity, scientifi c knowledge and team working are all skills that professional engineers have and employers want. Today’s music industry relies increasingly on engineering and technology and on the electrical, sound and lighting engineers behind the stars of the pop world. Profession-al engineers are recognised throughout the world so engineer-ing may provide an opportunity to work overseas, using other languages and experiencing other cultures.

Employers want engineers because they recognise that their

skills are good for business and for the national economy. Eco-nomic research demonstrates that the employment of well qual-ifi ed engineers and scientists pays off in terms of national com-petitiveness and company profi tability. Recent developments in the economic theory and research suggest a very important role for technological change and education in the process of eco-nomic growth.

Author: Margareta de la Touche, www.engc.org.uk.

“With the increased demand for engineers over the next ten

years and the reported high ‘drop-out’ rate, it’s obvious in-creasingly important that all

potential engineers are encour-aged and developed. Women

represent just over a third of A level Mathematics entrants, one fi fth of those taking Physics and

half of the population.”

WORKING ABROAD WITH ENGINEERING – CASE STUDY

WE’VE ALL heard from someone or another that “The world is your oyster”. My advice would be to take them seriously! (Not literally as a big oyster would be far too slippery and you might fall off )

Because you asked, my background is as an electrical engineer from Swansea University. I completed my Masters degree in “Electronic Engineering and Computing Science” and haven’t looked back since.

I wasn’t quite the proactive graduate who actively sought work in another country and yet by dint of chance when I fi nished university I was lucky enough to become employed by an international company. An international company who placed me on a graduate training scheme that involved a 6-month stint working in California. This was fantastic and not something I had previously dreamt would ever happen.

Whilst studying for my degree at Swansea University, I never really envisaged marketing myself abroad. After 6 months working in California and 6 months working in Canada I can hardly imagine any other way of life. Inter-action with other cultures is stimulating, becoming a part of that culture, however temporarily, is electrifying (quite appropriate I feel for a member of the IEE).

The variety of work has been interesting, ranging from designing switched mode power supplies in California to writing software for embedded systems in Canada. Test engineering and reliability engineering have also played a large part and being able to work in areas that usu-ally require an inordinate amount of experience is both demanding and thoroughly captivating.

The experience I’ve gained has been two-fold. Obvi-ously I’ve learnt a lot of new material in the fi elds in which I’ve been applying my academic knowledge, but also I’ve learnt a lot about interacting with people who maybe don’t think in quite the same way. People who have been taught to approach problems from diff erent angles or using diff er-ent methods have had a lot to teach me but also in return have learned a lot from my techniques.

What does international experience show a future employer? Of course this is all my own (not so) humble opinion so you can probably treat it with a pinch of salt (and pepper if you like to bring out the full fl avour)... You can work independently, you can work in another culture, you have international business exposure... of course the list could go on and on but I’m sure you get the picture.

What about my qualifi cation? I really feel that hav-ing a Masters degree rather than a Bachelors has helped me out tremendously. Through personal experience I’ve found other countries may be more wary of your qualifi ca-tions and so having a Masters degree helps them to justify employment with thoughts such as “Well it must be worth at least a Bachelors degree here if not more”.

On the surface, work is work and a job is a job. (Don’t moan, I’m not really getting philosophi-cal now I promise!) Wherever you end up you aim to be working in a fi eld you enjoy, whether it be dabbling with com-puter software or happily sending FETs dancing through the air (and yes, before you ask, I’ve done both.) So why not combine your work-ing life with travel? Experience another culture... Before uni-versity I had never have considered it, now I’m just glad I did it!

Most engineers have rewarding and fulfi lling careers and enjoy huge job satisfaction. Some engineers do better still and go on to command high profi le, high paying jobs. In 2000, 15 FTSE top 100 executives held engineering qualifi -cations as opposed to 17 with accounting qualifi cations.

The hustle and bustle of Tokyo-would you be interested in the prospect of working in tokyo? Im-age courtesy of Dieter Vander Velpen

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12 Issue 4 2007 StudentTIMESCONTACTS AND ASSOCIATIONS

CONTACTS AND ASSOCIATIONSInstitute of Acoustics77A St Peters Street St Albans Herts AL1 3BNTel: 01727 848195www.ioa.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Royal Aeronautical Society4 Hamilton Place London W1V 0BQTel: 020 7670 4300www.aerosociety.com/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Agricultural EngineersBarton Road Silsoe Bedford MK45 4FHTel: 01525 861096www.iagre.org/Email: [email protected] Chartered Institution of Building Services EngineersDelta House 222 Balham High Rd London SW12 9BSTel: 020 8675 5211www.cibse.orgEmail: [email protected]

Institute of Cast Metals EngineersICME Metalforming Centre 47 Birmingham Road West Bromwich West Midlands B70 6PYTel: 0121 601 6979www.icme.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Chemical Engineers165-189 Railway Terrace Rugby CV21 3HQTel: 01788 578214www.icheme.org/Email: [email protected] Institution of Civil Engineers1-7 Great George St London SW1P 3AATel: 020 7222 7722www.ice.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

British Computer SocietyFirst Floor, Block D North Star House North Star Avenue Swindon Wiltshire SN2 1FATel: 01793 417417www.bcs.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Energy Institute61 New Cavendish Street London W1G 7ARTel: 020 7467 7100www.energyinst.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Engineering and TechnologyMichael Faraday House Six Hills Way Stevenage, Herts. SG1 2AYTel: 01438 313311www.theiet.org/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Engineering DesignersCourtleigh Westbury Leigh Westbury WiltsBA13 3TATel: 01373 822801www.ied.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Society of Environmental EngineersThe Manor House High Street Buntingford HertsSG9 9PLTel: 01763 271209www.environmental.org.uk/Email: offi [email protected]

Institution of Fire EngineersLondon Road Moreton in Marsh Gloucestershire GL56 0RHTel: 01608 812 580www.ife.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Gas Engineers and ManagersCharnwood Wing Ashby Road Loughborough LeicesterLE11 3GHTel: 01509 282728www.igem.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institute of Healthcare Engineering & Estate Management2 Abingdon House Cumberland Business Centre

Northumberland Road Portsmouth PO5 1DSTel: 023 9282 3186www.iheem.org.uk/Email: offi [email protected]

Institute of Highway Incorporated EngineersDe Morgan House 58 Russell Square London WC1B 4HSTel: 020 7436 7487www.ihie.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Highways & Transportation6 Endsleigh Street London WC1H 0DZTel: 020 7387 2525www.iht.org/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Lighting EngineersRegent House Regent Place Rugby WarwickshireCV21 2PNTel: 01788 576492www.ile.co.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology80 Coleman Street London EC2R 5BJTel: 020 7382 2600www.imarest.org/Email: [email protected]

Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining1 Carlton House Terrace

LONDON SW1Y 5DBTel: 020 7451 7300www.iom3.org/Email: [email protected]

Institute of Measurement and Control87 Gower Street London WC1E 6AFTel: 020 7387 4949www.instmc.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Mechanical Engineers1 Birdcage Walk London SW1H 9JJTel: 020 7222 7899www.imeche.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institute of The Motor IndustryFanshaws Brickendon Hertford SG13 8PQTel: 01992 511521www.motor.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Royal Institution of Naval Architects10 Upper Belgrave Street London SW1X 8BQTel: 020 7235 4622www.rina.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

British Institute of Non-Destructive Testing1 Spencer Parade Northampton NN1 5AA

Tel: 01604 630124/5www.bindt.org/Email: [email protected]

Institution of Nuclear Engineers1 Penerley Road London SE6 2LQTel: 020 8698 1500www.inuce.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Society of Operations Engineers22 Greencoat Place London SW1P 1PRTel: 020 7630 6666www.soe.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

Institute of Physics76 Portland Place London W1B 1NTTel: 020 7470 4800www.iop.org/Email: [email protected]

Institute of Physics & Engineering in MedicineFairmount House 230 Tadcaster Road York YO24 1ESTel: 01904 610821www.ipem.ac.uk/Email: offi [email protected]

Institution of Structural Engineers11 Upper Belgrave Street London SW1X 8BHTel: 020 7235 4535www.istructe.org.uk/Email: [email protected]

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