Student’s Handbook | B.Tech (EEE VII Sem) · 3 PEE753 Industrial Training Seminar 0 0 2 0 0 25 25 50 4 ... Circuit Braking: Arc ... Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, SF6, Vacuum Circuit Breakers,

2018

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Student’s Handbook |

B.Tech (EEE VII Sem)

Subjects:

Switch Gear & Protection

ANN & Fuzzy Logic

Optical Fibre Communication

Utilization Of Electrical Energy & Traction

Non-Conventional Energy Resources

18

Student’s Handbook | B.Tech (EEE VII Sem) 2018

FOREWORD

Dear Student,

We, at DBGI, are committed to facilitate all aspiring students in their selection of different streams of B.Tech. by putting our efforts in terms of commitment, providing the services of quality and skill oriented education.

The exponential expansion in the field of technology has offered a plethora of job opportunities in emerging sectors. It has also resulted in innumerable demand for qualified “skilled” manpower in these sectors.

At this crossroads of your life where a wrong turn can take you miles away from your goal. Choosing

your career path is an important step because your future is at stake. It is generally observed that a large section of students are unaware of what they want to achieve in their life. This amounts to a

situation like boarding a train without knowing one’s destination. Undoubtedly it may result in waste of precious time and money.

Student Handbook is purposely designed for the students. We have been planning for some time to

provide collective information about academics as well as Institute to our new comers. It comprises complete information of syllabi of all subjects, Lecture Plans, assignments, question bank, tutorials,

marking scheme etc. However in addition to this, if students have any problem or query they can contact Student Information Cell.

We are living in a competitive world; the key to edging out of competition is information and preparation. We hope that this booklet gives you enough leverage to understand about the institute and academics.

Success to a large extent depends on your attitude which includes your sincerity and strong will to

vigorously pursue your goal. It’s your determination to fulfill the requirements that are needed to enable you achieve your goal. It means you have to acquire the required academic qualification and

skills followed by professional qualification and training in your particular field. Once you have these,

you will be able to compete.

With Best Wishes

Mr. Rohit Dobriyal

(H.O.D)

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engg.

Dev Bhoomi Group of Institutions



CONTENT

1 Evaluation Scheme

2 Syllabus 2.1 Switch Gear & Protection

2.2 ANN & Fuzzy Logic 2.3 Optical Fibre Communication

2.4 Utilization Of Electrical Energy & Traction

2.5 Non-Conventional Energy Resources

2.5 Power System Lab

2.6 Project

2.7 Discipline

3 Lecture Plan 3.1 Switch Gear & Protection 3.2 ANN & Fuzzy Logic

3.3 Optical Fibre Communication



4 Assignment 4.1 Switch Gear & Protection

4.2 ANN & Fuzzy Logic 4.3 Optical Fibre Communication



5 Question Bank 5.1 Switch Gear & Protection 5.2 ANN & Fuzzy Logic

5.3 Optical Fibre Communication





1 Evaluation Scheme

S

Course

Periods Evaluation Total

N

Subject

Marks

Sessional External

o No

L T P

Exam

CT TA Total

Semester: VII

Theory

1 TEE701 Switch Gear and Protection 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

2 TEE702 ANN & Fuzzy Logic 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

Optical Fiber Communication

3 TEC701 System 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

4 TEE-011

Utilization of Electrical

Energy and Traction 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

5 Open Elective 3 1 0 30 20 50 100 150

Practical/Design

1 PEE751 Power System Lab 0 0 2 0 0 25 25 50

2 PEC751 OFC Lab 0 0 2 0 0 25 25 50

3 PEE753 Industrial Training Seminar 0 0 2 0 0 25 25 50

4 PEE754 Project 0 0 2 0 0 50 50 100


Prerequisite: Knowledge of Elements of Power System

Unit I: (7L) Introduction to power system: Introduction to protective system and its elements, function of protective relaying, protective zones, primary and backup protection, desirable qualities of protective relaying, basic terminology.

Relays: Electromagnetic, attraction and induction type relays, thermal relay, gas actuated relay, design considerations

of electromagnetic relays. Unit II: (8L) Relay Applications and characteristics: Amplitude and phase comparators, over current relays, directional relays, distance relays, differential relays. Static relays: Comparison with electromagnetic relays, classification and their description, over current relays, directional

relays, distance relays, differential relays. Unit III: (9L) Protection of transmission line: Time graded protection, differential and distance protection of feeders, choice between impedance, reactance and MHO relays, Elementary idea about carrier current protection of lines, protection of bus, auto reclosing, pilot wire protection Unit IV: (8L) Circuit Braking: Arc phenomenon, properties of arc, arc extinction theories, recovery voltage and restriking voltage, current chopping, resistance switching, capacitance current interruption, circuit breaker ratings.

Testing of circuit breakers: Classification, testing station & equipments, testing procedure, direct and indirect testing.

Unit V: (8L) Apparatus protection: Types of faults on alternator, stator and rotor protection, negative sequence protection, loss of excitation and overload protection. Types of fault on transformers, percentage differential protection, Ungraounded neutral system, grounded neutral system and selection of neutral grounding.

Circuit breakers: Need of circuit breakers, types of circuit breakers, operating modes, principles of construction, details of Air

Blast, Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, SF6, Vacuum Circuit Breakers, DC circuit breakers.

Reference Books:

1. Power system protection & switchgear, Badriram & D.V. Vishwakarma, TMH 2. Switchgear & Protection, M.V. Deshpande, TMH

Course Outcome Description

CO1 Student gains knowledge on different Protective Equipments or Power Systems

CO2 Different applications of the relays, circuit breakers, grounding for different

elements of power system is also discussed in the subject

CO3 Ability to discuss recovery and Restriking

CO4 Classification of types of testing station & equipments, testing procedure.

CO5 Analyze the types of fault on transformers,implementing percentage differential

protection, Ungrounded neutral system

Dev Bhoomi Institute Of Technology

SEMESTER: VII


Course Level: Expert Course Type:

Core

Credit: 4

Total Contact Hours: 40 LTP -3-1-0 External Marks/Internal Marks:

100/50

Course Title: SWITCHGEAR &

PROTECTION

Course Code: TEE701 Duration of External Exam: 3

Hours

Prerequisite: Knowledge of set theory

Unit-I (7L) Neural Networks-1(Introduction & Architecture): Neuron, Nerve structure and synapse, Artificial

Neuron and its model, activation functions, Neural network architecture: single layer and multilayer feed

forward networks, recurrent networks. Various learning techniques; perception and convergence rule,

Auto-associative and hetro-associative memory Unit-II (7L) Neural Networks-II (Back propogation networks): Architecture: perceptron model, solution, single

layer artificial neural network, multilayer perception model; back propogation learning methods, effect of

learning rule co-efficient ;back propogation algorithm, factors affecting back propagation training,

applications. Unit-III (7L) Fuzzy Logic-I (Introduction) : Basic concepts of fuzzy logic, Fuzzy sets and Crisp sets, Fuzzy set theory

versus probability theory, Fuzzy set theory and operations, Properties of fuzzy sets, Fuzzy and Crisp

relations, Fuzzy to Crisp conversion. Unit-IV (7L) Fuzzy Logic –II (Fuzzy Membership, Rules) : Membership functions, interference in fuzzy logic, fuzzy

if-then rules, Fuzzy implications and Fuzzy algorithms, Fuzzyfications & Defuzzifications, Fuzzy

Controller, Unit-V (7L) Application of Neural Network and Fuzzy logic: Application of neural network, case study, Inverted

pendulum, Image processing. Introduction to neuro& fuzzylogic controller. Reference Books:

1. Siman Haykin,”Neural Networks ”Prentice Hall of India.

2. Moore, Digital control devices, ISA press, 1986.

3. Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications” Wiley India.


CO1 Understand the working concept of biological neural network, Neuron,

Nerve structure and synapse and architecture CO2 Analyze the basic concept & principal of different ANN learning method

CO3 Describes the basic concept & technique of Fuzzyfications &

Defuzzifications CO4 Understand the basic Application of neural network CO5 Introduction to neuro & fuzzy logic controller


SEMESTER: VII



Core

Credit: 4


100/50

Course Title: ANN & FUZZY

LOGIC


Hours

Prerequisite: Knowledge of Communication Engineering UNIT 1 (10L)

INTRODUCTION: Demand of Information Age, Block Diagram of Optical fiber Communication System,

Technology used in OFC System, Structure and types of Fiber, modes and Configuration, mode theory for

circular guide modal equation, modes in optical fiber, linearly polarized modes, attenuation factors, pulse

broadening in optical fiber, single mode fiber, mode field diameter, single distortion in single mode fiber,

Derivation of material dispersion and waveguide dispersion. Attenuation, Signal Degradation in Optical

Waveguides, Pulse Broadening in Graded index fiber Waveguides, Mode Coupling.

UNIT 2 (9L) OPTICAL SOURCES: LED: Visible LED, Infrared LED, LED structure and configuration, Loss mechanism, Application of LED, operating Characteristics materials for Visible LED. LASER: Principle of LASER Action, Efficiency of LASER Diode, principles and structures, index guided and

gains guided lasers, mode separation, quantum well laser, laser modulation.

UNIT 3 (7L) OPTICAL DETECTORS: Optical Absorption in semiconductors, Types of Photo Diodes, Principle of photo

detection, working and structures of p-i-n and APD photo detectors, noises in photo detectors, SNR, detector

response time effects, comparison of various photo detectors.

UNIT 4 (7L) ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF OPTICAL RECEIVER: Receiver Sensitivity, Photodiode for

optical receiver, Optical Receiver Design, recent receiver circuits, System configuration and power budget.

UNIT 5 (7L) OPTICAL NETWORKS: WDM concepts and principles, passive components, SONET/SDH networks,

performance of WDM.

SUGGESTED BOOKS 1. Fiber Optic Communication Systems – Govind P. Agarwal , John Wiley, 3rd Ediition, 2004. 2. Text Book on Optical Fibre Communication and its Applications – S.C.Gupta, PHI, 2005.

3. Fiber OpticCommunications – D.K. Mynbaev , S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner, Pearson Education, 2005


CO1 Understand the propagation of light in optical fiber.

CO2 Understand the principles governing optical sources and amplifiers used in optical

communications

CO3 Design optical communication systems to serve a defined purpose.

CO4 Analyze optical systems for performance and utility.

CO5 Critical review and summarize modern topics in optical communications


SEMESTER: VII



Cross Deptt.

Credit: 4


100/50

Course Title: OPTICAL FIBRE

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Course Code: TEC701 Duration of External Exam: 3

Hours

Unit I: Electric Heating (8L) Advantage & methods of electric heating, Resistance heating, Electric arc heating, Induction heating,

Dielectric heating, Unit II: Electric Welding (8L) Electric arc welding, electric resistance welding, Electric Welding control, Electrolyte Process: Principal

of Electro deposition, laws of Electrolysis, application Electrolysis. Unit III: Illumination (8L) Various definition, laws of Illumination, requirement of good lighting, Design of indoor lighting & outdoor lighting system. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Refrigeration system, domestic Refrigerator, water cooler, Types of Air conditioning, Window air

Conditioner Unit IV: Electric Traction – I (8L) Types of electric traction, system of track electrification, Traction mechanics-types of services, speed time

curve and its simplification, average and schedule speeds, Tractive effort specific energy consumption,

mechanics of train movement, coefficient of adhesion and its influence Unit V: Electric Traction – II (8L) Salient features of traction drives, Series -parallel control of dc traction drives (bridge traction) and energy

saving, Power Electronic control of dc & ac traction drives, Diesel electric traction. Reference Book:

1. H.Pratab.”Modern electric traction” Dhanpat Rai & Sons.

2. C.L. Wadhwa,”Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy

“New Age International Publishers.


CO1 Able to figure out the different heat transfer modes. Specification of Metal used for the heating purpose.

CO2 Understand the working of metal extraction, refining and electroplating

CO3 Understand the law of illumination to find out the perfect protection of light whenever designing of indoor and outdoor lightning.

CO4 Introduction of traction system and performance characteristic of different traction system used.

CO5 Understanding the working principle of series -parallel controlling scheme of DC traction system.


SEMESTER: VII



Core

Credit: 4


100/50

Course Title: UTILIZATION

OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND

TRACTION


Hours

Prerequisite: Knowledge of Elements of Power System

Unit I: Introduction (6L)

Various non-conventional energy resources- Introduction, availability, classification, relative merits

and demerits.

Unit II: Solar Cells (9L)

Theory of solar cells. Solar cell materials, solar cell power plant, limitations.

Solar Thermal Energy

Solar radiation flat plate collectors and their materials, applications and performance, focusing of

collectors and their materials, applications and performance; solar thermal power plants, thermal

energy storage for solar heating and cooling, limitations.

Unit III: Geothermal Energy (9L)

Resources of geothermal energy, thermodynamics of geo-thermal energy conversion-electrical

conversion, non-electrical conversion, environmental considerations.

Magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD)

Principle of working of MHD Power plant, performance and limitations.

Unit IV: Fuel Cells (8L)

Principle of working of various types of fuel cells and their working, performance and limitations.

Thermo-electrical and thermionic Conversions

Principle of working, performance and limitations.

Wind Energy:

Wind power and its sources, site selection, criterion, momentum theory, classification of rotors,

concentrations and augments, wind characteristics. performance and limitations of energy conversion

systems.

Unit V: Bio-mass (8L)

Availability of bio-mass and its conversion theory.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

Availability, theory and working principle, performance and limitations.

Wave and Tidal Wave

Principle of working, performance and limitations. Waste Recycling Plants

Books Recommended:

1. Andra Gabdel, "A Handbook for Engineers and Economists".

2. A. Mani, "Handbook of Solar radiation Data for India".

3. Peter Auer, "Advances in Energy System and Technology". Vol. 1 & II Edited by Academic Press.

4. F.R. the MITTRE, "Wind Machines" by Energy Resources and Environmental Series.

5. Frank Kreith, "Solar Energy Hand Book".

6. N. Chermisinogg and Thomes, C. Regin, "Principles and Application of Solar Energy".

7. N.G. Calvert, " Wind Power Principles”.

8. W. Palz., P. Chartier and D.O. Hall," Energy from Biomass".


SEMESTER: VII



Core

Credit: 4


100/50

Course Title:

NON-CONVENTIONAL

ENERGY RESOURCES

Course Code: TOE-01 Duration of External Exam: 3

Hours


CO1 Study various non-conventional sources of energy like wind, biomass etc and its

applications in remote areas of the country.

CO2 Understand the working criteria of various direct energy conversion systems and

study its applications

CO3 Understand and pursue further research work behind the development of non

conventional energy sources as a part of their research work.

CO4 Understand the idirect conversion method of energy and wind

CO5 To understand the energy conversion by ocean and tides from sea and biomass

:

Note: - At least 10 experiments should be performed out of which 3 should be simulation based.

1. To determine direct axis reactance (xd) and quadrature axis reactance (xq) of a salient pole alternator.

2. To determine negative and zero sequence reactances of an alternator.

3. To determine sub transient direct axis reactance (xd) and sub transient quadrature axis reactance (xq) of

an alternator

4. To determine fault current for L-G, L-L, L-L-G and L-L-L faults at the terminals of an alternator at very

low excitation

5. To study the IDMT over current relay and determine the time current characteristics

6. To study percentage differential relay

7. To study Impedance, MHO and Reactance type distance relays

8. To determine location of fault in a cable using cable fault locator

9. To study ferranty effect and voltage distribution in H.V. long transmission line using transmission line

model.

10. To study operation of oil testing set.

Simulation Based Experiments (using MATLAB or any other software)

11. To determine transmission line performance.

12. To obtain steady state, transient and sub-transient short circuit currents in an alternator

13. To obtain formation of Y-bus and perform load flow analysis

14. To perform symmetrical fault analysis in a power system

15. To perform unsymmetrical fault analysis in a power system


SEMESTER: VII



Core

Credit: 2


25/25

Course Title: POWER

SYSTEM LAB

Course Code: PEE751 Duration of External Exam: 1

Hour

Design of following circuit using appropriate software like VHDL/ FPGA and OFC kits.

1) 3-input NAND gate.

2) Half adder, Full Adder

3) D-Latch, T Flip Flop

4) Serial in-serial out shift register, Bidirectional shift Register

5) 3 Bit synchronous counter

6) To set up Fiber Optic Analog link.

7) To set up fiber Optic Digital link.

8) Measurement of Propagation loss and numerical aperture.

9) Characterization of laser diode and light emitting diode.

NOTE: The institution can add 2 more practical in above prescribed list.


SEMESTER: VII



Cross Deptt

Credit: 2


25/25

Course Title: OFC Lab Course Code: PEC751 Duration of External Exam: 1

Hour

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 7th

/4th

DEPARTMENT: EEE

COURSE: Switch gear & Protection CODE: TEE-701

S.

No.

Topic Name

Referenc

e/ Text

Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of

Lectur

es

Delivery

Method

Remar

ks

Introduction to power system

1. Introduction to protective system and its elements R1

2. Function of protective relaying R1

3. Protective zones R1

4. Primary and backup protection R1

5. Desirable qualities of protective relaying R1

6. Basic terminology R1

7. Types of Relays R1

8. Electromagnetic R2

9. Attraction and induction type relays R2

10. Induction type relays R2

11. Thermal relay R1

12 Gas actuated relay R1

13. Design considerations of electromagnetic relays R2

Relay Applications and characteristics

14. Amplitude and phase comparators R1

15. Over current relays R1

16. Directional relays R1

17. Distance relays R1

18. Differential relays R1

19. Static relays R1

20. Comparison with electromagnetic relays R1

21. Classification and their description R1

22. Over current relays R1

23. Directional relays R2


24. Distance relays R2

Protection of transmission line

25. Time graded protection R1

26. Differential protection of feeders R1

27. Distance protection of feeders R1

28. Choice between impedance, reactance and MHO

relays R1

29. Elementary idea about carrier current protection of

lines R1

30. Protection of bus R1

31. Auto reclosing R1

32. Pilot wire protection R1

Circuit Braking

33 Arc phenomenon R2

34 Properties of arc R2

35 Arc extinction theories R1

36 Recovery voltage R1

37 Restriking voltage R1

38 Current chopping R2

39 Resistance switching R1

40 Capacitance current interruption R1

41 Circuit breaker ratings R1

42 Testing of circuit breakers R2

43 Classification of circuit breakers R2

44 Testing station & equipments R2

45 Testing procedure, direct and indirect testing R2

Apparatus protection

46 Types of faults on alternator R1

47 Stator and rotor protection R1

48 Negative sequence protection R2

49 Loss of excitation and overload protection R2

50 Types of fault on transformers R2


51 Percentage differential protection R2

52 Ungrounded neutral system, grounded neutral

system and selection of neutral grounding R2

53 Need of circuit breakers R1

54 Types of circuit breakers, operating modes,

principles of construction R2

55 Details of Air Blast, Bulk Oil, Minimum Oil, SF6 R1

56 Vacuum Circuit Breakers, DC circuit breakers R1

Total Lectures: 52

TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] “Switchgear & Protection”, S.Rao, Khanna Publisher

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[R1] Power system protection & switchgear, Badriram & D.V. Vishwakarma, TMH]

[R2] Switchgear & Protection, M.V. Deshpande, TMH

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 7th

/4th

DEPARTMENT: EEE

COURSE: Utilization of Electrical Energy & Traction CODE: TEE-011

S.

No.

Topic Name

Referenc

e/ Text

Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of

Lectur

es

Delivery

Method

Remar

ks

Illumination

1. Various definition, laws of Illumination. R3 2 C & T

2. Requirement of good lighting, Design of indoor

lighting & outdoor lighting system. R2,R3

3 C & T

3. Refrigeration R2,R3 2 C & T

4. Domestic Refrigerator R2,R3 1 C & T

5. water cooler R3 1 C & T

6. Air Conditioning R2,R3 2 C & T

7. Types of Air conditioning R3 1 C & T

8. Window air Conditioner R3 2 C & T

Electric Heating

9. Advantage & methods of electric heating. R2,R3 2 C & T

10. Resistance heating. R2,R3 1 C & T

11. Electric arc heating R2R3 2 C & T

12 Induction heating. R3 1 C & T

13. Dielectric heating. R2R3 2 C & T

Electric Welding

14. Electric arc welding R3 2 C & T

15. Electric resistance welding R3 1 C & T

16. Electrolyte Process: Principal of Electro deposition. R2,R3 3 C & T

Electric Traction – I

17. Types of electric traction, system of track

electrification. R1,R3

2 C & T

18. Traction mechanics-types of services, speed time

curve and its simplification. R1,R3

2 C & T

19. average and schedule speeds, Tractive effort specific

energy consumption,

mechanics of train movement, coefficient of

adhesion and its influence.

R1,R3

5 C & T


Electric Traction – II

20. Salient features of traction drives. R2,R2 2 C & T

23. Series-parallel control of dc traction drives (bridge

traction) and energy saving. R1,R2

2 C & T

24. Power Electronic control of dc traction drives. R1,R2,R

2

2 C & T

25 Power Electronic control of ac traction drives. R1,R2 2 C & T

26 Diesel electric traction. R1,R2 2 C & T

Total Lectures: 47

TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] J.B Gupta, “ Utilization of electric power and electric traction”

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[R1] H.Pratab.”Modern electric traction” Dhanpat Rai & Sons.

[R2] C.L. Wadhwa,”Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy “New Age

International Publishers.

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 7th

/4th

DEPARTMENT: EEE

COURSE: NCER CODE:

S.

No.

Topic Name

Reference/

Text Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of

Lectures

Delivery

Method

Remarks

1. Indian and global energy sources T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

2. Energy exploited Energy planning T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

3. Energy consumption and GDP, Energy

demand analysis

T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

4. National energy plan T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

5. sources of non conventional energies. T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

6. Solar radiations and its geometry T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

7. Spectral distribution, Solar constant T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

8. Solar radiations on earth T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

9. Measurement of solar radiations, T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

10. Solar radiation geometry T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

11. flux on a plane surface T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

12 latitude, expression for angle between T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

13. incident beam and the normal to a plane

surface


14. Local apparent time T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

15. Apparent motion of sun, Day length T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

16. Solar collectors T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

17. Solar energy storage. T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

18. Properties of wind, Availability of wind

energy in India


19. wind Velocity, wind machine

fundamentals,


20. Types of wind machines and their

characteristics


21. Horizontal and Vertical axis

wind mills,


22. Elementary design principles, T1/R1 4 Chalk & Talk

23. Coefficient of performance of a wind mill

rotor


24. Aerodynamic considerations in wind mill

design


25. Principal of working, types of geothermal T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

station with schematic representation

26. Tides and waves as sources of energy, T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

27. Fundamentals of tidal power T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

28. Use of tidal energy, Limitations T1/R1 2 Chalk & Talk

29. Hydrogen Energy T1/R1 1 Chalk & Talk

Total Lectures: 54

REMARKS/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE:

EXTRA CLASS TAKEN (IF ANY):

TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] Andra Gabdel, "A Handbook for Engineers and Economists"

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[R1] Peter Auer, "Advances in Energy System and Technology". Vol. 1 & II Edited by Academic Press.

DBIT DEHRADUN

LESSON PLAN

SEMESTER/YEAR: 7th/4th DEPARTMENT: EEE

COURSE: Optical Fiber communication CODE:

S.

No.

Topic Name

Reference/

Text Book/

Web

(R/T/W)

No. Of

Lectures

Delivery

Method

Remarks

1. UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION: Demand of Information Age, T1,R1 1 Board &

marker

2. Block Diagram of Optical fiber Communication

System,

T1,R1 1 Board &

marker

3. Technology used in OFC System, Structure and types of

Fiber,

T1,T2 2 Board &

marker

4. modes and Configuration,

mode theory for circular guide modal equation,

T1,R1 2 Board &

marker

5. modes in optical fiber, linearly polarized modes,

T1,R1 2 Board &

marker

6. attenuation factors, pulse broadening in optical fiber, T1,T2 2 Board &

marker

7. single mode fiber, mode field diameter,

single distortion in single mode fiber

T1,R1 3 Board &

marker

8. , Derivation of material dispersion and waveguide

dispersion.

T1,R1 2 Board &

marker

9. Attenuation, T1,R1 1 Board &

marker

10. Signal Degradation in Optical Waveguides, T1,R1 2 Board &

marker

11. Pulse Broadening in Graded index fiber

Waveguides,

T1,R1 1 Board &

marker

12 Mode Coupling. T1,R1 2 Board &

marker

13. UNIT 2 OPTICAL SOURCES: LED: Visible LED,

Infrared LED,

T1,R1 1 Board &

marker

14. LED structure and configuration T1,T2 2 Board &

marker

15. , Loss mechanism, Application of

LED,

T1,R1 1 Board &

marker

16. operating Characteristics materials for Visible LED T1,R1 2 Board &

marker

17. . LASER: Principle of LASER Action, T1,R1 1 Board &

marker

18. Efficiency of LASER Diode, T1,R1 2 Board &

marker

19. principles and structures, T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

20. index

guided and gains guided lasers,

T2 2 Board &

marker

21. mode separation, T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

22. quantum well laser, T2 1 Board &

marker

23. laser modulation. T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

24. UNIT 3 OPTICAL DETECTORS: Optical Absorption in

semiconductors

T2 2 Board &

marker

25. , Types of Photo Diodes, T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

26. Principle of

photo detection,

T2,R1

1 Board &

marker

27. working and structures of p-i-n and APD photo detectors, T2,R1 2 Board &

marker

28. noises in photo

detectors,

T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

29. SNR, detector response time effects, T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

30. comparison of various photo detectors T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

31. UNIT 4 ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OF

OPTICAL RECEIVER: Receiver Sensitivity,

T2 2 Board &

marker

32. Photodiode for

optical receiver,

T2 1 Board &

marker

33. Optical Receiver Design,

T2

1 Board &

marker

34. recent receiver circuits, T2 1 Board &

marker

35. System configuration and

power budget.

T2,R1 2 Board &

marker

36. UNIT 5 OPTICAL NETWORKS: WDM concepts and

principles,

T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

37. passive components, T2,R1 1 Board &

marker

38. SONET/SDH networks,

performance of WDM.

T2,R1 4 Board &

marker

Minimum Lectures Required : 58

REMARKS/RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE:

EXTRA CLASS TAKEN (IF ANY):

TEXT BOOKS:

[T1] Optical Communication System- R. K. Singh,Wiley India, Delhi [T2] Optical Fiber Communications – John M. Senior, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

[R1] Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, Mc Graw-Hill International edition, 3rd Edition, 2000.

QUESTION BANK (OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION)

UNIT –I

Introduction to Optical Fibers 1. Explain the Elements of an optical fiber Transmission link.

2. Discuss the Mode theory of Circular Waveguides.

3 a). Explain the function of each block with a help of neat block diagram of a digital optical

fiber communication system?

b). A light wave is travelling in a semiconductor medium (GaAs) of refractive index 3.6.It

is incident on a different semiconductor medium (Al GaAs) of refractive index 3.4 &

angle of incidence is 80○. Calculate numerical aperture & θa .Will it result in total

internal reflection comment on the result?

4 a). List the applications of optical communication?

b). Consider multimode fiber that has a core R.I of 1.480 and core cladding index

difference 2.0%. Calculate NA, Critical angle and acceptance angle?

5 a). With the help of electromagnetic spectrum, explain about the historical development of

optic fiber communication?

b). List the advantages of optical communication?

6 a). Write about total internal reflection with the help of suitable optical cable setup?

b). What is MFD of single mode fiber? Explain with suitable structure

7 a). Determine the propagation modes in single mode fibers?

b). Fiber has normalized frequency 26.6 & operating wavelength 1300nm, if the radius of

the fiber core is 25µm. Compute the numerical aperture.

8 a). Compare step index & graded index fiber?

b). Illustrate about the propagation modes in multi mode fibers?

9 a). Illustrate about the propagation modes in single mode fibers?

b). Calculate number of modes of an optical fiber having diameter of 50µm & n1 =1.48 &

n2=1.46 having operating wavelength 0.82µm.

10 a). Why do we prefer Step index single mode fiber for long distance communication?

b). Define Critical angle & Acceptance angle?

c). what are Ray and Modes?

d). A light ray is incident from glass to air. Calculate critical angle?

e). Derive Snell’s Law in Optics?

UNIT –II

Signal Degradation in Optical Fibers 1. Describe any two types of Losses in Optical Fiber Communication System.

2. Explain the Design Optimization of Single mode fibers.

3. How attenuation is caused by scattering losses & bending losses?

4 a). Define linear scattering? Explain about Rayleigh & Mie scattering?

b). Derive the expression for waveguide dispersion.

5. Explain dispersion occurring in multimode fibers in detail with expressions?

6 a). Distinguish between intrinsic & extrinsic Absorption ?

b). Determine the theoretical cutoff wavelength for single mode fiber?

7 a). What is attenuation? Explain in detail?

b). Derive the expression for material dispersion.

8 Analyze pulse broadening in graded index waveguides?

9 a). Derive the total dispersion in single mode fiber?

b). How refractive index profile optimizes the design in a single mode fiber?

10 a). What are the two main causes of Intra Modal Dispersion?

b). Explain the phenomenon of Rayleigh scattering in scattering loss?

c). What are the Mechanisms which causes Absorption? ]

d). How to minimize the micro bending losses in the fiber?

e). Derive Signal distortion in single mode fibers?

UNIT –III

Fiber Optical Sources and Coupling

1. a). Explain LED Structure with neat sketch.

b). A planar LED is fabricated from GaAs which has a refractive index of 3.6. (i)

Calculate the optical power emitted into air as a percentage of the internal optical

power for the device when the transmission factor at the crystal-air interface is 0.68.

(ii) When the optical power generated internally is 50% of the electric power

supplied, determine the external power efficiency. .

2. a). Explain in detail the various Lensing schemes for coupling improvement

b). Discuss about Fiber splicing.

3. a). Determine the possible losses due to lateral and angular misalignment in an optical

fiber?

b). Explain the various connectors used in fiber optics?

a). Illustrate the factors involved in launching optical power from a light source to fiber.

b). What is a pig-tailed device?

4. a). What is fiber joint? Explain joint losses and alignment losses

b). List out the advantages and disadvantages of pig tailing either as fiber optic source or

as fiber optic detector.

5. a). Derive an expression for power coupling from a large surface emitting LED into

smaller step index fiber.

b). A GaAs optical source with a refractive index of 3.6 is coupled to a silica fiber that

has a refractive index is 1.48. If the fiber and the source are in close physical contact

then find the Fresnel reflection at the interface and power loss in dB.

6. a). Differentiate between dispersion limited and an attenuation limited fiber optic links.

b). Discuss about the point to point fiber optical link.

7. a). Explain about cylindrical ferrule connectors?

b). An LED has a 500 µf space charge capacitance, 1.003 ρA saturation current and a 5

ns minority carrier lifetime find out the half current and 10 to

90 percent risk time when the drive current is

a. (i) 50mA and (ii) 100mA respectively.

8. a). Derive the expression for lasing and threshold condition of LASER.

9. b). What power is radiated by an LED if its quantum efficiency is 3% and the peak

wavelength is . 670nm?

10. a). Write a short note on Fiber Splicing.

11. b). Draw the schematic diagram of a high radiance surface-emitting LED.

12. c). Differentiate between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission?

13. d). Derive rate equation for LASER diode?

14. e). Define Population Inversion.

UNIT –IV

Fiber Optical Receiver

1. a). Explain in detail the operation of Avalanche Photo Diode with its structure.

b). A photo diode has a quantum efficiency of 65% when photons of energy of 1.5 x

10'19

J are incident upon it. (i) Find the operating wavelength of the photodiode, (ii)

Calculate the incident optical power required to obtain a photo current of 2.5 nA when

the photodiode is operating as described above.

a). Discuss any one type of Preamplifier in detail.

b). Give the comparisons of photo detectors.

2. a). Explain the principle behind the operation of an PIN photo diode.

b). Draw and explain the simple energy band diagram for a PIN photodiode?

3. a). Illustrate how noises are entered into photo detector?

4. b). With simple model and equivalent circuit, explain photo detector receiver

a). Derive the equation for S/N ratio of an optical fiber?

5. b). Explain surface dark current and bulk dark current?

6. a). Derive the expression for response time of a photodiode?

7. b). Explain the working of depletion layer photocurrent with diagram?

8. a). List the operating parameters of Si, Ge, InGaAs for PIN diode and avalanche

photodiode?

b). A given silicon avalanche photodiode has a quantum efficiency of 65% at a

wavelength of 900

nm. Suppose 0.5 μW of optical power produces a multiplied photocurrent of 10 μA.

Calculate the multiplication M?

a). Explain the digital signal transmission for an optical receiver?

b). How the noise sources are generated in optical receiver?

9. a). Explain the mechanism of noise sources and disturbance in the optical pulse detection

with

diagram?

b). Define intersymbol interference with diagram?

a) Define quantum efficiency?

b) What are the conditions to be met to achieve a high S/N ratio

c) List out the factors that the Response time depends on.

d) Define bit error rate?

e) What are the various noise sources and disturbances in optical pulse detection

mechanism

UNIT –V

System Design and Appliations

Analyze the Power Budget of Optical Fibre Communication in terms of analog system design.

1. Describe in detail about Rise time Budget of Optical Fibre Communication in-terms of

digital system design.

2. a). Analyze the system performance using link power budget of analog systems.

b). How responsivity and sensitivity of optical receiver will effect on system performance

.

3. a). Define CNR. Derive the mathematical form.

4. b). LED spectral width of 40nm has rise time of 15ns, tmat is 21ns, trx is 14ns and tmod

is 3.9ns. Find total system rise time.

5. a). Explain optical power loss model for a point to point link.

6. b). What is significance of system consideration in point-to-point fiber links? Explain?

. .

7. a). What is meant by detector response type? .

b). Calculate the responsivity of detector of with quantum efficiency of 10% at 800nm

.

8. a). Considering the probability distributions for log 0 and 1 signal pulses, derive the

expression for BER and error function.

9. b). List the system specification for the design of digital system and explain it?

10. a). Derive the system performance using bandwidth budget for analog system.

b). An optical transmission system is constrained to have 500 GHZ channel spacing.

How many wavelength channels can be utilized in the 1536 to 1556 nm spectral

band

a). Analyze the system performance using link power budget of digital systems.

b). Write short notes on multichannel frequency modulation?

10. a) What is Power Budget?

b). Define Receiver Sensitivity

c). Compare LED and LASER light sources?

d). Draw the block diagram of analog link.

e). Derive carrier power for C/ N ratio?

QUESTION BANK (NCER)

UNIT-1

ENERGY SCENARIO

PART –A

1. List three non – conventional energy sources of electric energy in India.

2. Mention the present contribution of different types of plants in India.

3. List any two renewable sources of energy.

4. What is the approximate amount of total power generation in India?

5. Write any four differences between renewable and non renewable sources.

6. A force of 250N is used for pushing a100Kg box through a distance of 5m along a horizontal

floor. Calculate the work done and energy transformed.

7. Define energy.

8. What are the different forms of energy?

9. What are the compounds present in the coal.

10. Name the products that can be obtained from crude oil.

11. What are conventional sources of energy?

12. Name at least three green house gases responsible for global warming.

PART-B

1. Write about the availability energy consumption pattern and growth rate in India.

2. Explain why it is necessary to develop non-conventional method of generating electrical

energy.

3. (a) Discuss energy requirement of rural consumers and state the possible alternative source of

energy to meet the demand. (b) What are the prospects of renewable energy sources in India?

4. Discuss the following (a) Obstacle to the implementation of renewable energy sources. (b)

Advantages of renewable energy sources.

5. What are the conventional sources of energy and explain briefly?

6. What are the non-conventional sources of energy and explain briefly?

7. Explain the following in briefly. (i) Global environmental crisis (ii) Kyoto protocol (iii)

CDM (iv) Prototype carbon finds

8. (a) What is Kyoto protocol and what are its implications for developed and developing

countries. (b) Explain CDM and its objectives.

9. (a) What are the uses of prototype carbon fund (b) Explain ozone layer depletion problem.

UNIT – II

PART –A

1. Write a note on total solar energy received in India.

2. Give three types of solar energy collectors.

3. Mention any two applications of solar energy.

4. Define solar insulation.

5. Define solar constant. 6. Define solar attitude angle.

7. Define incident angle.

8. Define collector efficiency.

9. Define solar energy.

10. What is diffuse radiation?

11. What are the instruments used for measuring solar radiation and sunshine?

12. What are the components of solar water heater?

13. Define PV effect.

14. What are the different applications of solar PV system in rural area?

PART-B

1. Write short notes on different types of solar energy collectors with neat diagrams.

2. Write short notes on (a) Solar radiation (b) Power generation using solar tower concept.

3. (a) Explain the principle of conversion of solar energy into heat. (b) What are the main

components of a flat plate solar collector, explain the function of each?

4. (a) Enumerate the different types of concentrating type collectors. (b) Why orientation is

needed in concentrating type collectors? (6)

5. With the help of a neat sketch describe a solar heating system using water heating solar

collectors. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method?

6. What is the principle of solar photovoltaic power generation? What are the main elements of a

PV system?

7. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of PV solar energy conversion? (b) Write

short notes on (i) Solar pumping (ii) Solar Cooking (iii) Solar arrays.

8. Explain the principle of building integrated PV system with suitable sketch.

9. (a) Explain the equivalent circuit for solar PV panel.

(b) Explain the different characteristics of PV system.

10. Explain with a neat sketch the working principle of standalone and grid Connected solar

system. (a) Explain about the applications of solar PV system in rural areas. (b) Describe briefly

about PV system.

UNIT – III

PART –A

1. What is wind power?

2. Mention two important wind turbine generator installations in India.

3. Write and explain wind power equation.

4. What is the type of generator used in wind power plant?

5. Define Tip speed ratio.

6. What are wind farms?

7. How the wind mills are classified?

8. What are the advantages of wind power?

9. What are the disadvantages of wind power?

10. Define Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT).

11. What is meant by pitch angle?

12. What is meant by pitch control?

13. What is called teethering?

PART-B

1. Explain briefly about the horizontal wind mills with neat sketch?

2. Explain briefly about the vertical wind mills with neat sketch?

3. (a) State the essential features of a probable site for a wind form. (b)Explain the terms i.

Yaw control ii. Pitch control iii. Teethering control

4. Distinguish clearly between (a) Constant speed constant frequency WTG unit. (b) Variable

speed constant frequency WTG system. (c) Nearly constant speed constant frequency system.

5. (a) Why a tall tower is essential for mounting a horizontal axis wind turbine ? (b) Describe

the electrical layout of a typical wind form by means of single line diagram. State the essential

equipment.

6. With a neat diagram, explain how wind energy can be converted into electrical energy.

7. Explain the principle and application of wind electric system. State the basic Components

and their working in wind electric system.

8. Explain with a neat diagram the working of various types of wind generators.

UNIT IV

PART –A

1. Name a few projects harnessing tidal power.

2. What is geothermal power?

3. Discuss the disadvantages of geothermal plant.

4. Discuss the advantages of geothermal plant.

5. What are the special problems in construction of barriers for tidal scheme?

6. Give the advantages of tidal power plant.

7. Mention the type of tidal power turbine.

8. Mention some organic materials used in bio-mass plant.

9. Write any two items used as biomass fuels.

10. Differentiate tide and wave.

11. Classify the geothermal sources.

12. What are the spring and neap tides?

13. What are the constituents of biogas?

PART-B

1. (a) Explain how ocean tides are generated and how the power can be tapped? Discuss the

limitations of this method. (b) Describe the construction and principle of operation of a turbine

used for tidal power.

2. Explain with neat sketches, the operation of a geothermal power plant.

3. (a) Write short note on bio energy from agriculture waste. (b) Write short note on bio energy

by burning plants. 4. Explain with neat sketch, the methods of operation of tidal power

generation.

4. What is geothermal energy? How can geothermal energy are utilized for electric power

Generation?

6. (a) Write about energy from biomass. (b) Write about energy from biogas.

7. (a) What are the factors affecting biogas generation. (b) Describe the single basin

arrangement in tidal power generation.

8. (a) What are the advantages and limitations of wave energy conversion? (b) Write short notes

on wave energy conversion machines.

9. (a) Describe the different types of turbines in use for small scale hydroelectric Power Plants.

(b) What are the advantages and limitations of small scale hydroelectric power?

10. What are the main types of OTEC power plants? Describe their working in brief.

11. (a) How are the gasifiers classified? What is pyrolysis? (b) What are the potential

applications of the gasifier?

UNIT-V

PART –A

1. List some applications of fuel cells.

2. List the types of fuel cells.

3. What are the main components of fuel cell?

4. What do you meant by flywheel energy storage?

5. List out different methods of energy storage.

6. Give the classification of batteries.

7. Define energy efficiency. 8. Define life cycle of the battery.

9. What do you meant by power capacity?

10. What is specific power?

11. What are the advantages of flywheel over batteries?

12. What is the principle of ultracapacitor?

13. Draw the equivalent circuit of a battery.

PART-B

1 Explain the performance characteristics of battery and its equivalent circuit.

2. Explain the procedure for designing a battery.

3. Explain energy storage using flywheels.

4. Explain fuel cell energy storage.

5. Explain storage systems using ultra capacitors.

6. What is a fuel cell? Describe the principle of working of a fuel cell with reference to H2 – O2

cell.

7. (a) What is polarization? List the different types of polarizations that occur in fuel cells. Show

how does the electrode structure help in reducing the polarization? (b) What are the advantages

and disadvantages of a fuel cell?

8. a) Explain the working principle of batteries. b) Explain the various types of batteries

9. a) Explain the different methods of battery charging. b) Explain the various types of charge

regulators for batteries.

10. a) Explain the principle of fly wheel operation and derive the energy relation equation. b)

What are the advantages of fly wheel over batteries?

11. a) Explain the construction and working principle of fuel cell with neat sketch. b) What are

the advantages and disadvantages of fuel cell?

12. a) Explain the working principle of ultra capacitors with a neat sketch. b) What are the

advantages and disadvantages of ultra capacitors?

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