Study Guide for Exam 5

True/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 1. Ependymal cells engulf and destroy microbes and cellular debris in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue.

____ 2. Most injuries to the brain and spinal cord cause permanent damage.

____ 3. The sensory fibers from the skin generally conduct impulses up to about 130 meters per second.

____ 4. A neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory, not both.

____ 5. A neurotransmitter can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the postsynaptic receptor.

____ 6. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine always has an excitatory effect.

____ 7. Enkephalins and endorphins are subclasses of amines that are pain relievers.

____ 8. Seizures, headaches, or neurological deficits may be indicative of astrocytoma.

____ 9. Multiple neurofibromatosis starts as small nodules in the Schwann cells of nerve fibers and can spread throughout the body.

____ 10. Once repolarization has occurred, an impulse can now be conducted.

____ 11. Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

____ 12. When “central” and “peripheral” are used as directional terms in the nervous system, a nerve fiber may be called peripheral if it extends from the cell body toward the central nervous system.

____ 13. Oligodendrocytes are found only around dendrites of neurons of the central nervous system.

____ 14. Gray fibers probably do not have nodes of Ranvier.

____ 15. An electrical synapse occurs when a strong action potential is able to arc across a small synaptic cleft.

____ 16. The neuron is able to maintain an internal negative charge by pumping out sodium ( ) and

pumping in chlorine ( ).

____ 17. Besides providing protection, the cerebrospinal fluid can influence the respiratory center.

____ 18. The spinal cord completely fills the spinal cavity in the vertebrae.

____ 19. Funiculi consist of tracts divided into smaller bundles called nerve fibers.

____ 20. Peripheral sensory neuron cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves.

____ 21. The primary motor area, located in the precentral gyrus, is thought to activate individual muscles in the hands and feet.

____ 22. Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs mainly in the choroid plexus.

____ 23. The lateral ventricles are located within the cerebellum.

____ 24. The dura mater is the periosteum of the cranial bones, and the pia mater attaches the brain tissue.

____ 25. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the 5th lumbar vertebra.

____ 26. The dorsal root ganglion consists of cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons.

____ 27. Each white column in the spinal cord consists of large numbers of cell bodies divided into smaller bundles called tracts.

____ 28. In one individual, brain waves are consistent in various parts of the brain.

____ 29. The pyramids are two bulges of white matter on the ventral surface of the pons.

____ 30. The “tree of life” (arbor vitae) is found in the cerebellum.

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 31. The autonomic nervous system consists of the:a. peripheral and afferent nervous systems.b. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.c. sympathetic and efferent nervous systems.d. parasympathetic and somatic nervous systems.

____ 32. The myelin sheath is formed by:a. Nissl bodies. c. Schwann cells.b. nodes of Ranvier. d. neuron cell bodies.

____ 33. Which is not true of the myelin sheath?a. It is associated with white fibers in the brain.b. It is important for nerve impulse conduction.c. It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord.d. It is destroyed in multiple sclerosis.

____ 34. Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the:a. endoneurium. c. macroneurium.b. perineurium. d. epineurium.

____ 35. The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is:a. the membrane potential moves immediately to 30 mV.b. the potassium channels open.c. the sodium channels are inactivated.d. some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open.

____ 36. Which is true of an action potential?a. The plasma membrane is impermeable to and ions.b. ions move extracellularly.c. The charges become equal on the outside and inside of the plasma membrane.d. The outside of the plasma membrane is negatively charged, and the inside is

positively charged.____ 37. During a relative refractory period:

a. the action potential cannot be initiated.b. a resting potential exists.

c. the cell membrane is impermeable to and .d. the action potential can be initiated with a strong stimulus.

____ 38. Within the nervous system, coding for the strength of a stimulus is accomplished through:a. changes in the magnitude of the action potential.b. changes in the length or duration of the action potential.c. the frequency of nerve impulses.d. an increase in the number of opening sodium channels.

____ 39. Which of the following is not one of the main chemical classes of neurotransmitters?a. Triglycerides c. Amino acidsb. Amines d. Neuropeptides

____ 40. Interneurons reside:a. in the CNS and peripheral nervous system.b. in the CNS only.c. in the peripheral nervous system only.d. None of the above

____ 41. Schwann cells have a similar function in the peripheral nervous system as these cells have in the central nervous system.a. Oligodendrocytes c. Microgliab. Astrocytes d. Ependymal cells

____ 42. Which of the following is not a factor in the velocity of nerve impulse conduction?a. Length c. Whether it is myelinated or notb. Diameter d. Both B and C

____ 43. In a three-neuron reflex arc, the afferent neurons synapse with the:a. interneuron. c. contralateral neuron.b. efferent neuron. d. ipsilateral neuron.

____ 44. The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct an impulse that is how much faster than the slowest fibers in the body?a. Almost 50 times faster c. Almost 300 times fasterb. Almost 100 times faster d. Almost 500 times faster

____ 45. The nervous system can be divided:a. according to its structure.b. according to direction of information flow.c. by control of effectors.d. All of the above

____ 46. The other term for cell body is:a. telodendria. c. Nissl body.b. perikaryon. d. axon hillock.

____ 47. If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose:a. sensory perception related to that pathway.b. willed movement related to the pathway.c. reflex activity only, related to that pathway.d. both reflex activity and sensation related to that pathway.

____ 48. Which of the following is not true?a. The spinal cord does not completely fill the spinal cavity.

b. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra.c. One bundle of nerve fibers (nerve roots) projects from each side of the spinal cord.d. The spinal cord has anterior and posterior grooves that almost divide the cord into

symmetrical halves.____ 49. Several “vital centers” are located in the:

a. basal ganglia. c. cerebellum.b. cerebrum. d. medulla.

____ 50. Impulses from the ____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum.a. pons c. cerebellumb. thalamus d. hypothalamus

____ 51. The layer of the meninges that adheres to the outer surface of the brain is the:a. pia mater. c. dura mater.b. arachnoid membrane.

____ 52. The part of the cerebrum integral to articulating words is:a. Broca’s area. c. the limbic system.b. the reticular activating system. d. the insula.

____ 53. The corpus callosum connects the:a. cerebral hemispheres. c. mammillary body.b. hippocampus. d. central sulcus.

____ 54. Axons from the gray horns of the spinal cord terminate in:a. the cerebral cortex. c. skeletal muscle.b. sensory receptors. d. None of the above

____ 55. A way to distinguish between the anterior and posterior part of the spinal cord is:a. the dura mater is thickest on the posterior side.b. the posterior fissure is deeper and wider than the anterior fissure.c. the anterior fissure is deeper and wider than the posterior fissure.d. Both A and B are correct.

____ 56. The central section of the cerebellum is called the:a. arbor vitae. c. central sulcus.b. vermis. d. longitudinal fissure.

____ 57. Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is not involved in the language function?a. Frontalb. Occipitalc. Temporald. All of the above are involved in language function.

____ 58. If a person received a lumbar puncture that removed 15 ml of cerebrospinal fluid from the spinal cord, that amount would be what percent of the cerebrospinal fluid?a. 20% c. 5%b. 10% d. 25%

____ 59. Which of the following structures is not part of the spinal cord?a. The gray commissureb. The conus medullarisc. The cauda equined. All of the above are part of the spinal cord.

____ 60. The corpora quadrigemina is a landmark of this part of the central nervous system.a. Midbrain c. Hypothalamusb. Cerebellum d. Cerebrum

Matching

Match the neurotransmitters listed with their chemical classification.a. Acetylcholine c. Amino acidsb. Amines d. Neuropeptides

____ 61. serotonin____ 62. endorphins____ 63. glutamate____ 64. epinephrine____ 65. acetylcholine____ 66. substance P____ 67. histamine____ 68. glycine____ 69. dopamine____ 70. cholecystokinin

Match the landmarks of the brain with their description or location.a. Longitudinal fissure e. Fissureb. Lateral fissure f. Central sulcusc. Sulci g. Gyrid. Parietooccipital sulcus

____ 71. frontal lobe lies in front of this groove____ 72. groove that separates the occipital lobe and parietal lobe____ 73. general term for a convolution or raised area on the cortex____ 74. the deepest groove in the cerebrum____ 75. the island of Reil lies deep in this fissure____ 76. general term for a shallow groove in the cortex____ 77. parietal lobe lies behind this groove____ 78. divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres____ 79. general term for a deep groove in the cortex____ 80. the deep groove above the temporal lobe

Study Guide for Exam 5Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 443TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers

2. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 443 TOP: Repair of Nerve Fibers

3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 449 TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential

4. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 456 | Page 457TOP: Classification of Neurotransmitters

5. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 456TOP: Classification of Neurotransmitters

6. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 456 TOP: Acetylcholine

7. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 461TOP: Neuropeptides

8. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 463 TOP: Mechanisms of Disease

9. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 464 TOP: Mechanisms of Disease

10. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 448 TOP: Action Potential

11. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 TOP: Amino Acids

12. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 432 TOP: Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

13. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 434 TOP: Glia

14. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 434TOP: Glia

15. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 450 | Page 451 TOP: Types of Synapses

16. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 445 | Page 446 TOP: Resting Membrane Potential

17. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 475 TOP: Cerebrospinal Fluid

18. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 478 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord

19. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 478 | Page 479 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord

20. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 478 | Page 479TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord

21. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 495 TOP: Motor Functions of the Cortex

22. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 475 TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

23. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 475 TOP: Cerebrospinal Fluid

24. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 472 TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord

25. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 478 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord

26. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 478 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord

27. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 479 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord

28. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 494 (Box 13-9) TOP: The Electroencephalogram (EEG)

29. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 483 TOP: Structure of the Brainstem

30. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 485 TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum

MULTIPLE CHOICE

31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 433 TOP: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 434 TOP: Glia

33. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 443TOP: Nerves and Tracts

34. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 443 TOP: Nerves and Tracts

35. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 447 | Page 448 TOP: Action Potential

36. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 447 | Page 448TOP: Action Potential

37. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 449 TOP: Refractory Period

38. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 449 TOP: Refractory Period

39. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 456 | Page 457 TOP: Classification of Neurotransmitters

40. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 440 TOP: Functional Classification

41. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 434TOP: Glia

42. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 439 TOP: Neurons

43. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 442 TOP: Reflex Arc

44. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 449 | Page 450 TOP: Conduction of the Action Potential45. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 432 TOP: Organization of the Nervous System46. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 438 TOP: Neurons47. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 478 | Page 479

TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord48. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 478 | Page 479 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord49. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 484 (Box 13-6) TOP: Vital Centers50. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 487

TOP: Thalamus51. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 472 TOP: Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord52. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 498 TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex53. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 499 TOP: Specialization of Central Hemispheres54. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 478 TOP: Spinal Cord55. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 478 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord56. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 485 TOP: Structure of the Cerebellum57. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 494 | Page 495 TOP: Integrative Functions of the Cortex58. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 475

TOP: Formation and Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid59. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 478 TOP: Structure of the Spinal Cord60. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization

REF: Page 484 TOP: Midbrain

MATCHING

61. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

62. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

63. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

64. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

65. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

66. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

67. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

68. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

69. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

70. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 459 (Table 12-3) TOP: Neurotransmitters

71. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

72. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

73. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

74. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

75. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

76. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

77. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

78. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

79. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex

80. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: MemorizationREF: Page 490 TOP: Cerebral Cortex