Name:_______________________________________________________ Date:___________________________ Block:______________ Biology I: Unit 5 Genetics Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Review 1. What is a nucleic acid? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the two main types of nucleic acids? Write out their names not just their abbreviations. a. Abbreviation _________ full name________________________________________________ b. Abbreviation _________ full name________________________________________________ 3. What is a nucleotide? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. What are the three main parts of a nucleotide? a. ________________________ b. ________________________ c. ________________________ 5. Label the three parts of a nucleotide in the diagram below. 6. Explain THREE differences between DNA and RNA . a. __________________________________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________________________________ c. __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are complementary bases? _____________________________________________________________ 8. In DNA, What nitrogen base does A bond to ___? What nitrogen base does T bond to ___? What nitrogen base does C bond to ___? What nitrogen base does G bond to ___? In RNA, What nitrogen base does A bond to ___? What nitrogen base does T bond to ___? What nitrogen base does C bond to ___? What nitrogen base does G bond to ___? 9. Identify the following molecules as DNA or RNA and explain your answer choice. A. I think it is DNA or RNA (circle your answer) because:_______________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ B. I think it is DNA or RNA (circle your answer) because:_______________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________
Microsoft Word - study guide long version.docBiology I:
Unit 5 Genetics Molecular
Genetics and Biotechnology Review
1. What is a nucleic acid?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What are the two main types
of nucleic acids? Write out
their names not just their
abbreviations.
a. Abbreviation _________ full
name________________________________________________
b. Abbreviation _________ full
name________________________________________________
4. What are the three main parts
of a nucleotide?
a. ________________________ b.
________________________
c. ________________________
a.
__________________________________________________________________________________
b.
__________________________________________________________________________________
c.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. In DNA,
What nitrogen base does A bond
to ___? What nitrogen base does
T bond to ___?
What nitrogen base does C bond
to ___? What nitrogen base does
G bond to ___?
In RNA,
What nitrogen base does A bond
to ___? What nitrogen base does
T bond to ___?
What nitrogen base does C bond
to ___? What nitrogen base does
G bond to ___?
A. I think it is DNA or
RNA (circle your answer)
because:_______________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
B. I think it is DNA or
RNA (circle your answer)
because:_______________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
12. What makes up the sides of
the DNA ladder? ________________________
& _________________________
13. What makes up the steps of
the DNA ladder?
___________________________________________________
14. Label the diagram of DNA below
using the following terms: A.
Complementary Base Pair
B. Deoxyribose Sugar C.
Phosphate Group D. Nitrogen Base
E. Nucleotide
15. What is a chromosome?
____________________________________________________________________
16. What is a gene?
___________________________________________________________________________
17. How many genes can there be
on each chromosome?
____________________________________________
18. Explain how DNA is the code
of life (genetic code).
_______________________________________________
19. What are sex chromosomes?
________________________________________________________________
20. What are autosomes?
______________________________________________________________________
21. Do all organisms have the
same number of chromosomes?
________________________________________
22. Which two organisms below are
more likely to have similar
chromosomes? ________ & _______
Wolf Dog Tree
Snail
Why do you think this?
_____________________________________________________________________
23. Explain why organisms that are
similar in structure or function
often share many of the same
proteins and
genes.
__________________________________________________________________________________
25. The diagram to the right
represents the process of
___________________________.
A. I think it is DNA or
RNA (circle your answer)
because:_______________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
B. I think it is DNA or
RNA (circle your answer)
because:_______________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
12a.____ _
12b.____ _
12c.____ _
12d.____ _
12e.____ _
27. Explain the role of enzymes in
DNA replication.
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
28. During DNA replication each original
strand serves as a template for
the new strands. If one of
the original
________________________________________________________________________________________
30. What are the two stages of
protein synthesis?
__________________________________________________
32. Explain the process of
transcription.
__________________________________________________________
33. If a gene on DNA had the
following bases T G T T A
A C G C, what would be
the mRNA bases transcribed from
this gene?
_______________________________________________________________________________
34. Explain the role of mRNA,
rRNA, and tRNA in protein
synthesis.
a.
mRNA:____________________________________________________________________________
b.
rRNA:_____________________________________________________________________________
c.
tRNA:_____________________________________________________________________________
___________
___________
_________
38. What is a codon?
_________________________________________________________________________
39. What is a stop codon?
_____________________________________________________________________
40. What is an anticodon?
_____________________________________________________________________
41. What are peptide bonds?
__________________________________________________________________
Where does this process take
place? _____________________
place? _____________________
Amino Acid Anticodon Codon
mRNA Polypeptide
Chain Ribosome tRNA
43.
44. Look up the following mRNA codons
using your genetic code chart
(previous handout) and determine the
amino acids it codes for: AUG
GGC UAC
______________________________________________________
45. What is a gene map?
_______________________________________________________________________
46. What is a genome?
________________________________________________________________________
47. What is genetic engineering?
________________________________________________________________
48. What is gene therapy?
_____________________________________________________________________
49. What is cloning?
__________________________________________________________________________
50. What are some applications of
genetic engineering on plants?
a. ________________ b.
________________ c.
________________ d.
______________
52. Explain how inbreeding is used in
selective breeding.
_____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
56. What is a mutant cell?
_____________________________________________________________________
57. Mutations in your ______________ cells
can be passed to offspring
while mutations in your ____________
cells are not passed to offspring.
58. Are all mutations bad/harmful?
______________________________________________________________
59. What are mutagens?
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______
_____________
_____________ _____________
_____________
_____ __
________