Study of Structures

Shopping Mall

Parshanth

Sathyavignesh

Structures Earthquake Disaster Management

Barrier Free Design

Basic shape of Shopping Mall

The shape and structure of the shopping mall commercially based on the site shape and

topography to cover the maximum built-up spaces.

Basic shape of Shopping Mall

• The common component that we can find almost all large shopping malls is Atrium.

• Atrium does not come under the built up space but open space. The overall plot coverage of the site.

Spanning Range

Marg junction, Chennai

• The grid system with 15m x 15m with square column size of 60cm

• 30cm square Column with 7.5m spacing

• Material: RC Structure

• Atrium: 30m Steel vault

Mohali Junction, Punjab

Spanning Range

• The column to column spacing 10m and other side are varying with 3m to 5m.

• 45cm square Column is used here.


• Atrium: Steel vault

MGF Mega City, Gurgaon

Spanning Range

• The grid pattern with spacing varies from 5m to 10m

• 60cm square Column is used here.



Inference

• All reinforced concrete including precast slabs

• All metal (e.g. mild-steel, structural steel, stainless steel or

alloyed aluminum.)

Materials used for structural frame

Spanning Range

• Reinforced members are adaptable up to 20m

• Spanning above 20m comes under long span structures where we can use steel structures as truss, vaults etc.

• 23cm or 30 cm square column can support 4m to 8m max.

• Size of the column and depth of the beam should be increased as the span increase

Reference

The Architect_'s Studio Companion, 3rd Edition

Structure - Section

• General floor to floor height for the shopping mall is 3.6m to 4 m including the 60 cm depth for HVAC duct.

• Multiplex floor to floor height is depends upon the capacity of the screen.

Basement parking

Atrium

Multiplex

Retail

Restaurant

Retail

Retail

Retail

Suspension main cables are stranded from galvanized round

wire with a minimum tensile strength of 1770N/mm2.

Khan Shatyr Sizzles in Asia (Kazakhstan)

Cable and Tent roof structures

Cable and Tent roof structures

These structures can be used over the plaza, OAT and in the open restaurant areas

Folded plates

Fabric diffused light membrane at Atrium

Solar panel over

the roof structure

Arch and Truss

Steel frame network

with glass panel

at Atrium

Facade Structures

MyZeil, Frankfurt

Facade Structures deals with the facade aesthetic treatment

• Glass panel over the Steel Spider Web Frame • Aluminum box for light weight projection

Marg junction, Chennai

Facade Structures

• Precast Concrete Pergola • Steel Frame over roof for advertisement

Aesthetic Treatment of Structural Members

Articulation of Vertical members


As functional element


With Color Relationship

Conclusion

Adapazari Shopping Mall, Turkey

• The grid system with 15m x 15m with square column size of 60cm

• 30cm square Column with 7.5m spacing



Folded plate roof and Treatment

Precast Concrete

Steel Frame glass via lit for walkway

Earthquake Disaster management

General section of Multistorey

Orientation of Rectangular Columns

Precautions

Base Isolator

Earthquake Disaster management

Hanging or Floating columns

Considerations –Stair s lifts exits

• Maximum time for evacuation : 3 minutes

Provision of exit staircases

Exit to take people directly to the exit points provision of enough exit points to avoid overcrowding

Stairs and other exits shall be arranged to make

clear the direction of egress to the street

mechanical options of power for lifts

The following grades of concrete mix may be adopted or as required for safe design:

• (a) For RCC columns in lowest few storeys : M35

• (b) For RCC columns in the middle few storeys : M30

• (c) For RCC columns in the top few storeys : M25

• (d) For beams, slabs, staircase etc. : M20

• (e) For raft foundation : M 20 or 25

• (f) Max. Water cement Ratio : 0.45

• (g) Minimum cement content : 300 kg/m3 of concrete.

• (h) Admixtures of approved brand may be used as per mix design

Structural Details

Source: IS code 1893(2001)

Structural Details

For mild Exposure and fire rating of 1 hr. following clear covers may be adopted

• (a) For foundation R.C.C.:

i) Footings : 60 mm. 12

ii) Raft : 60 mm.

• (b) For columns : 40 mm

• (c) For Beams : 25 mm or main bar dia. whichever is more.

• (d) For Slab : 20 mm.

Source: IS code 1893(2001)

Foundation and basement structure should be concrete structure

• Shape should be as aerodynamic as possible.

• The foundation of the house should be placed on leveled ground.

• Regular shapes are a lot more stable than unusual ones.

• The material used should be concrete and fiber glass and as these are the best and most resistant materials in the construction field.

• Cantilevers should not have more than 3-4 feet in length or they should be avoided altogether.

• Columns are very dangerous and could easily collapse causing a lot of harm, which is why the distance between them should be as small as possible.

• Careful with the spearhead water tanks- as they affect the building’s stability. It is advisable that you use more than one tank and that you place them in different locations not to affect the center of gravity.

Inference

Documents

Study of Structures