Sub-regional Analysis of the Status of Aichi Biodiversity ... · Sub-regional Analysis of the Status of Aichi Biodiversity Targets 11 & 12 Capacity-building workshop for Latin America

Sub-regional Analysis of the Status of Aichi Biodiversity Targets 11 & 12 Capacity-building workshop for Latin America and the

Caribbean on achieving Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 and 12

Curitiba, Parana, Brazil

Dr. Sarat Babu Gidda

Convention on Biological Diversity 28 September 2015

Explanation of the Elements for Aichi Targets 11

By 2020,

at least 17 % of terrestrial and inland water areas, and 10 % of coastal and marine areas,

… especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services,

… are conserved through … protected areas that are…

… effectively and equitably managed,

… ecologically representative,

… well connected systems, integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes,

… and other effective area-based conservation measures

Status of Target 11s and 12

17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water are protected

10 per cent of coastal and

marine areas are protected

Areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services are

protected

Protected areas are

ecologically representative

Protected areas are effectively and equitably

managed

Protected areas are well connected and

integrated into the wider landscape and seascape

Extinction of known threatened species has been

prevented

The conservation status of those species most in decline

has been improved and sustained

Target 11- quantitative aspects

17% terrestrial and 10 % of coastal and marine areas ?

15,37%

8,4%

10,9%

13,07%

2,20%

7,83%

0,00% 2,00% 4,00% 6,00% 8,00% 10,00% 12,00% 14,00% 16,00%

Percentage of global areas protected in 2004 (red) and 2014 (blue)

Land

Areas within national jurisdiction (0-200 nautical miles)

Territorial Seas (0-12 nautical miles)

Percentage of Protected Areas in Latin America and the Caribbean

By 2020, (globally)

at least 17 % of terrestrial and inland water areas, and 10 % of coastal and marine areas, are conserved through protected areas

National targets should be accumulative to reach global target

1,3 0,2

2,7

13,9

16,1

24,4

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

Caribbean Central America South America

% Marine PA

% Terrestrial PA

2014 data from

WDPA

Percentage of terrestrial protected areas in Latin America and the Caribbean

5,4 6,8

13,3

0,1

36,7

24,8

28,4

18,3

23,1

27,4

12,4

21,6 22,9

25,8

8,4

2,2

31,8

8,7

0,3

21,6

15,9 12,9

37,1

20,6

6,5

31,4

3,3

16,8

22,4

14,7

32,5

2,7

53,9

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

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* Amazonian countries

Percentage of marine protected areas in Latin America and the Caribbean

0,0

0,6

0,1 0,0 0,0 0,2

4,5

8,4

0,0 0,0 0,0

7,8

7,3

0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,0 0,2 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1

0,0

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

9,0

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By 2020,








Target 11

What are areas of particular importance for biodiversity?

Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs)

Important Bird Areas

Important Plant Areas

Alliance for Zero Extinction sites

Areas rich in wild relatives of crops

Vulnerability and Irreplaceability

Target 11 Ecosystem services of Protected Areas

Water security

Food and health security

subsistence, livelihoods

CC adaptation & mitigation

48

88

85

26

28

31

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0-16.99%

17-49.99%

>50%

The number of countries with different levels of protected area coverage for Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (red) and Important Bird and

Biodiversity Areas (blue)

Protection Status of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in Latin America

and the Caribbean By 2020,

areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved

93 44

588

63 83

388

20 28

201

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400


Number of IBAs with complete protection

Number of IBAs with partial protection

Number of IBAs with no protection

Protection Status of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in Latin America

and the Caribbean


10

170

37 7 16

80 67 59

2 6 2 3

50

6 5 6 7 3 5 25

40 72

2 1 10 7 15 12 2

79

5

6 20

93

23 51

19 14 1 11

36

14 1 11 3 11 15

18 9

18

1 3 5 4

6

6

49

16

14

61

31 6

8 1 7

21

4 2 14

10 8

26

1 2

1 1

15

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

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Number of IBAs with complete protection

Number of IBAs with partial protection

Number of IBAs with no protection


Protection Status of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in danger in Latin

America and the Caribbean

4 5

20

1

2

4 3

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


Number of IBAs in danger with complete protection

Number of IBAs in danger with partial protection

Number of IBAs in danger with no protection

Protection Status of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in danger in Latin

America and the Caribbean

4

3

4 4

1

3

2

5

3

2

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

4

1

2

2

1

2 2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 Number of IBAs in danger with complete protection

Number of IBAs in danger with partial protection

Number of IBAs in danger with no protection


Protection Status of Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZEs) in Latin America and

the Caribbean

14 7

81

13 19

64

7 3

31

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200


Number of AZEs with complete protection

Number of AZEs with partial protection

Number of AZEs with no protection

Protection Status of Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZEs) in Latin America and

the Caribbean

7 5 7 4

25

8 9 4 6 3

32

1

23 3

9

4

17

3

7 12

1

4 10

3

21

1

9

1 2 10

2

4

6

1

3

1

2

2

8

2

15

2

4

1

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80Number of AZEs with complete protection

Number of AZEs with partial protection

Number of AZEs with no protection



By 2020,








Ecologically Representative

.

Ecological Gap Assessment

88

111

150

124

221

129

0 50 100 150 200 250

<2%

2-4.99%

5-9.99%

10-16.99%

17-39.99%

>40%

Number of terrestrial ecoregions at different levels of protection (2014)

80

40

34

78

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

<2%

2-4.99%

5-9.99%

>10%

Number of marine ecoregions at different levels of protection (2014)

Ecological Representativeness in Latin America and the Caribbean

Number of terrestrial ecological regions (ER) and level of protection in the country

20 10

51 4 5

19

20 43

150

0

50

100

150

200

250


Number of terrestrial ER with >10% protection

Number of terrestrial ER with 5% to 10% protection

Number of terrestrial ER with ≤ 5% protection


Number of marine ecological regions (ER) and level of protection in the country

14

7

26 1

3

8

3

6

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


Number of marine ER with >10% protection

Number of marine ER with 5% to 10% protection

Number of marine ER with ≤ 5% protection


3 8

1 1 3 9

5 9

1 1 3 2 4 4 3 5 2

12

1 4 3 2 1 2 3 1

1

1

2

5

1

2

2 2 1 3

11

1 1 3

1 1

1

10

1 4

12

37

7

25

8 3 1 5

10 1

7 2

6

3

24

10 7 3

13

1 1 2 6 3

2

23

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

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Number of terrestrial ER with >10% protection

Number of terrestrial ER with 5% to 10% protection

Number of terrestrial ER with < 5% protection



1

4

1 1

5 6

1 1 1 2

1 2

1 1 1 2

1

3

1 2 2

1 1 1 1 2

3

1

1

4 1

1 2

1

2

1 1

1

1

1

1

1 2

1 2

3

1

1

4

1 1 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

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Number of marine ER with >10% protection

Number of marine ER with 5% to 10% protection

Number of marine ER with < 5% protection


Overlaps between candidate ecoregions and Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZEs) – An example

Site Number

Site Name Total area (ha)

Ecoregion Number

T/M Ecoregion Name % in country

Overlap (ha)

Overlap (%)

14425 Serranía de las Quinchas 86,655.0 60137 T Magdalena-Urabá moist forests

100.00 2,810.5 3.2

14444 Paramillo Natural National Park (Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo IBA)

521,241.8 60137 T Magdalena-Urabá moist forests

100.00 90,496.0 17.4

14451 Serranía de los Yariguíes 241,739.6 60137 T Magdalena-Urabá moist forests

100.00 40,411.3 16.7

14460 Ciénaga Grande, Isla de Salamanca and Sabana Grande RAMSAR biosphere reserve

251,655.9 60229 T Sin· Valley dry forests 100.00 67,061.8 26.6

26528 Páramo de Sonsón 62,993.8 60207 T Cauca Valley dry forests 100.00 3,300.2 5.2

26529 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Natural Park and surrounding areas

509,766.0 60229 T Sin· Valley dry forests 100.00 67,829.4 13.3

26531 Río Saija 42,801.6 20170 M Panama Bight 34.01 16.7 0.0

29707 Cuenca Hidrográfica del Río San Francisco and surrounding area

4,761.5 60221 T Magdalena Valley dry forests

100.00 62.4 1.3

29708 Municipio de Pandi 2,915.0 60221 T Magdalena Valley dry forests

100.00 94.9 3.3

29711 Vereda el Llano 2,890.3 60221 T Magdalena Valley dry forests

100.00 370.7 12.8

•If protection is extended to 3 AZEs which are not protected hitherto in Colombia, those actions also improve protection status of endemic or nearly endemic (80-100% in the country) terrestrial ecoregions that have a worldwide protection of less than 10%. •If protection is extended to 6 AZEs which are partially protected in Colombia, those actions also improve protection status of endemic or nearly endemic (80-100% in the country) terrestrial ecoregions that have a worldwide protection of less than 10%. •If protection is extended to 1 AZE which is partially protected in Colombia, this action also improves protection status of a marine ecoregion that has a worldwide protection of less than 10% and a significant occurrence in Colombia (20-80% in the country).

Overlaps between candidate ecoregions and Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in Latin America

and the Caribbean

227

21 13

117

21 21 29 7 14 3 3 8

31 21 7

30 34 24

56

3 8 4 1 13 3 20 0

50

100

150

200

250 Number of terrestrial overlaps

Number of marine overlaps


Overlaps between candidate ecoregions and Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites (AZEs) in Latin America and

the Caribbean

8 2

10 9 13

4 4

60

1 5 1 6 1 1 1 4 1 3 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 Number of terrestrial overlaps

Number of marine overlaps



By 2020,








Target 11 What is effectively managed ?

Effective management

By 2020, areas are conserved through effective management…

• Conservation needs equity: a fair sharing of the costs and benefits of preserving biodiversity and managing natural resources in a sustainable way

• Conservation needs respect to human rights: “do not harm”…and have a positive impact on livelihoods wherever possible

• So…what can we do to avoid further loss of habitats, species and natural resources?

• How can we ensure the very base of life, of livelihoods, and development ?

Equitable Management: IUCN matrix of protected areas categories and governance types

Governance

type

Category

(mngmt.

objective)

A. Governance by

Government

B. Shared Governance C. Private

Governance

D. Indigenous Peoples &

Community Governance

Federal

or

national

ministry

or

agency

Local/

municipa

l ministry

or agency

in change

Governm

ent-

delegated

managem

ent (e.g.

to an

NGO)

Trans-

boundary

managem

ent

Collabora

tive

managem

ent

(various

forms of

pluralist

influence)

Joint

management

(pluralist

management

board)

Declared

and run

by

individu

al land-

owner

…by

non-

profit

organisat

ions (e.g.

NGOs,

univ.

etc.)

…by for

profit

organisatio

ns (e.g.

corporate

land-owners

)

Indigenous bio-

cultural areas &

Territories-

declared and run

by Indigenous

Peoples

Community

Conserved Areas

- declared and

run by

traditional

peoples and local

communities

I - Strict Nature

Reserve/

Wilderness Area

II – National

Park (ecosystem

protection;

protection of

cultural values)

III – Natural

Monument

IV – Habitat/

Species

Management

V – Protected

Landscape/

Seascape

VI – Managed

Resource

i.e. Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas, ICCA

WCPA

Equitable Management

ICCA

Community Management

Government Private Community Shared

governance

By 2020, areas are conserved through equitably managed…

http://www.iucn.org/themes/ceesp/index.html


By 2020,








Integration and Connectivity

By 2020, areas are conserved through well connected systems, integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes


By 2020,








Target 11 What are other effective area-based conservation measures?

ICCAs including LMMAs

Private PAs

Building on tradition, tenure and social capital

Ngella, Solomon Islands

Siviri, Vanuatu Photos: Hugh Govan

Aichi Biodiversity Target 12

By 2020,

…the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and…

…their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.

Number of Threatened Species in Mesoamerica

Key: • CR: Critically Endangered Species • CRE: Critically Endangered Endemic Species

COUNTRY Amphibians Birds Mammals Plants Reptiles

CR CRE CR CRE CR CRE CR CRE CR CRE

Belize 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0

Costa Rica 23 9 0 0 0 0 8 7 2 1

El Salvador 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

Guatemala 31 14 0 0 1 1 5 2 4 3

Honduras 29 24 0 0 0 0 41 34 10 9

Nicaragua 1 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 1 0

Mexico 88 77 10 6 31 31 51 47 8 5

Panama 22 6 0 0 3 2 19 19 1 0



Antigua & Barbuda 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 2 1

Bahamas 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0

Cuba 16 16 5 2 5 5 30 30 4 3

Dominica 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

Dominican Republic 10 2 2 1 0 0 4 3 4 1

Grenada 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

Haiti 31 23 2 1 0 0 9 8 3 1

St. Kitts & Nevis 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

Saint Lucia 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Saint Vincent & the Grenadines

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

Number of Threatened Species in the Caribbean



Argentina 3 2 6 0 7 5 7 6 0 0

Bolivia 11 9 3 2 1 1 7 7 1 1

Brazil 12 12 24 17 11 10 78 70 3 2

Chile 10 6 6 2 4 3 21 21 0 0

Colombia 53 45 15 13 7 5 36 34 3 1

Ecuador 38 32 8 6 2 0 252 250 3 2

Guyana 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Paraguay 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 1 0 0

Peru 28 24 10 6 5 3 21 17 0 0

Uruguay 1 0 3 0 0 0 4 1 0 0

Venezuela 19 18 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 0

Number of Threatened Species in the South America

Group Work Element of Aichi Target 11 and 12 Status Gaps Opportunities

Quantitative aspects

i.e. % of total protected areas for terrestrial and marine

i.e. % to reach national target i.e. % gap between current status + implementation and national target

Improving ecological representation

i.e. % of ecoregions protected to national target

i.e. % of ecoregions needing protection to reach national target i.e. tools and partnerships needed to develop ecological gaps assessment

i.e. 20% of 5 endemic ecoregions will be protected i.e. partnership with X for national training on ecological mapping

….

Summarize quantitative

information collected from the

questionnaire in one or two points.

What is needed to complete conservation

gap? Points made can be: - tangible/ quantitative - in-tangible/ qualitative

What specific elements are feasible?

Points made can be: - tangible/ quantitative - in-tangible/ qualitative

Sub-regional Groups

Caribbean Mesoamerica South

America - Antigua and Barbuda - Bahamas - Belize - Cuba - Grenada - Haiti - St. Kitts and Nevis - St. Lucia - St. Vincent and the Grenadines

9 countries Sarat, and John

- Costa Rica - Dominican Republic - El Salvador - Guatemala - Honduras - Mexico

6 countries Marcelo, Thora and

Cristina

- Argentina - Bolivia - Brazil - Chile - Colombia - Ecuador - Guyana - Peru - Uruguay

9 countries Emerson, Mariana, and

Tarsicio

Documents

Sub-regional Analysis of the Status of Aichi Biodiversity ... · Sub-regional Analysis of the Status of Aichi Biodiversity Targets 11 & 12 Capacity-building workshop for Latin America