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Sub-Sahara Sub-Sahara Africa: The Africa: The
LandLandCh. 20 Sec. 1Ch. 20 Sec. 1
How Much Do You Know How Much Do You Know about…about…
AFRICA??AFRICA??1.1. The land area of the U.S. fits into the The land area of the U.S. fits into the
land area of Africa a little over three land area of Africa a little over three timestimes
• FALSE- over four times!FALSE- over four times!
2.2. Africa is composed mostly of desert, Africa is composed mostly of desert, jungle, and some grassland.jungle, and some grassland.
• FALSE- 25% desert, 10% jungle, FALSE- 25% desert, 10% jungle, 55%55% grasslandgrassland
How Much Do You Know How Much Do You Know about…about…
AFRICA??AFRICA??3. Africa has lions, giraffes, tigers, and many 3. Africa has lions, giraffes, tigers, and many
other wild animals.other wild animals.• FALSE- no tigers (only in Asia)FALSE- no tigers (only in Asia)
4.4. The cultures of Africa are very similar.The cultures of Africa are very similar.• FALSE- about 3,000 ethnic groups!FALSE- about 3,000 ethnic groups!
5. 5. Most of Africa experiences four seasons Most of Africa experiences four seasons each year.each year.
• FALSE- mostly tropical year roundFALSE- mostly tropical year round
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AFRICA??AFRICA??6.6. Africa is one of the largest countries in Africa is one of the largest countries in
the world.the world.• FALSE- 2FALSE- 2ndnd largest largest continentcontinent
7.7. The “Afro” is a hair style from AfricaThe “Afro” is a hair style from Africa• FALSE- originated in U.S.FALSE- originated in U.S.
8.8. There are very few tribes left in Africa There are very few tribes left in Africa today.today.
• FALSE- many, many, many tribes todayFALSE- many, many, many tribes today
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AFRICA??AFRICA??9.9. Outside of South Africa, there are very few Outside of South Africa, there are very few
ethnic problems in Africa.ethnic problems in Africa.• FALSE- leaders overthrown in Uganda, Nigeria, FALSE- leaders overthrown in Uganda, Nigeria,
Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia…Angola, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia…
10.10. Africa is a poor land with few resources.Africa is a poor land with few resources.• FALSE- lots of water, 70% of world’s diamondsFALSE- lots of water, 70% of world’s diamonds
11.11. The people in Africa live in huts.The people in Africa live in huts.• FALSE- all types of housing from huts to modern FALSE- all types of housing from huts to modern
skyscrapersskyscrapers
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AFRICA??AFRICA??12.12. The male lion is the best hunter of all The male lion is the best hunter of all
African cats.African cats.• FALSE- Female lion called “Queen of Savanna”FALSE- Female lion called “Queen of Savanna”
13.13. Africa has no early history or any advanced Africa has no early history or any advanced civilizations.civilizations.
• FALSE- Egyptians; no FALSE- Egyptians; no writtenwritten record of others record of others for a whilefor a while
14. 14. The largest river in the world is the Nile.The largest river in the world is the Nile.• FALSE- longest riverFALSE- longest river
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AFRICA??AFRICA??15.15. Most Africans speak the same Most Africans speak the same
language.language.• FALSE- speak tribal or European lang.FALSE- speak tribal or European lang.
Sub-Sahara Sub-Sahara Africa: The Africa: The
LandLandCh. 20 Sec. 1Ch. 20 Sec. 1
Highland FeaturesHighland Features
• PlateausPlateaus make a series of make a series of stepssteps make up most of Africa make up most of Africa
• Edges of plateaus are Edges of plateaus are escarpmentsescarpments (cliffs) (cliffs)–Most are <20 miles from coastMost are <20 miles from coast
–Hard to travel inland from coast Hard to travel inland from coast (bad for exploration)(bad for exploration)
Highland FeaturesHighland Features
• Rivers plunge Rivers plunge down down escarpments escarpments making making cataractscataracts (waterfalls)(waterfalls)
Victoria Falls; b/w Zambia & Zimbabwe
Highland FeaturesHighland Features
• Africa has highest overall elevation Africa has highest overall elevation than any other continent…than any other continent…
• But still few But still few mountainsmountains
• Mts. included in Eastern highlandsMts. included in Eastern highlands–Ethiopian Highlands, and volcanoes Ethiopian Highlands, and volcanoes
Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. KenyaMt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Kenya
Mt. Kilimanjaro
19,330 ft; in Tanzania
Mt. Kenya
17,057 ft; in Kenya
Highland featuresHighland features
• Ruwenzori Mts.Ruwenzori Mts.–Divide Uganda & Dem. Rep. of Divide Uganda & Dem. Rep. of
the Congothe Congo–Covered in snow and cloudsCovered in snow and clouds
• Drakensberg RangeDrakensberg Range–South AfricaSouth Africa–Lots of national parks, wetlandsLots of national parks, wetlands
Ruwenzori Mts.; 16,761 ft.
Drakensberg Range; 11,420 ft.
Great Rift ValleyGreat Rift Valley
• Stretches from Syria to Stretches from Syria to MozambiqueMozambique
• Formed by shifting tectonic Formed by shifting tectonic plates millions of yrs. agoplates millions of yrs. ago–Volcanoes & earthquakes Volcanoes & earthquakes
continue to shape region continue to shape region TODAYTODAY
Red Sea
Great Rift ValleyGreat Rift Valley
• Forms two branchesForms two branches–Eastern branch = volcanic conesEastern branch = volcanic cones–Western branch= lakesWestern branch= lakes
• Lake Tanganyika (2Lake Tanganyika (2ndnd lgst. lgst. freshwater & 2freshwater & 2ndnd deepest in world) deepest in world)
• Lake Malawi (mt. rimmed, >2,300 Lake Malawi (mt. rimmed, >2,300 feet deep)feet deep)
• Lake Victoria (2Lake Victoria (2ndnd widest in world, widest in world, but shallow; source of White Nile)but shallow; source of White Nile)
Lake Tanganyika
Lake Malawi
Lake Victoria
The African Great Lakes
Water SystemsWater Systems
• Lakes & rivers come from Lakes & rivers come from basins formed millions of yrs. basins formed millions of yrs. ago as land upliftedago as land uplifted
• Travel from plateaus in center Travel from plateaus in center of cont. to the seaof cont. to the sea– Hit escarpments Hit escarpments waterfalls waterfalls near impossible to navigate near impossible to navigate inland/ up riverinland/ up river
Water SystemsWater Systems
• Lake Chad: Lake Chad: –West-central AfricaWest-central Africa
• 20 mil. ppl in 4 countries depend on it20 mil. ppl in 4 countries depend on it
–Faces desertification (droughts + Faces desertification (droughts + natural climate)natural climate)• So shallow, affected greatly by climate So shallow, affected greatly by climate ΔΔss
• 1960s = 26,000 km²; 2000= 1,500 km²1960s = 26,000 km²; 2000= 1,500 km²
Water SystemsWater Systems
• Lake Volta:Lake Volta:–Man-made (1 of lgst. in world)Man-made (1 of lgst. in world)–Flooded 700 villages & displaced Flooded 700 villages & displaced
70,000 to create70,000 to create–Used for irrigation, fishing, Used for irrigation, fishing,
hydroelectric power (Akosombo hydroelectric power (Akosombo Dam) for major aluminum plant and Dam) for major aluminum plant and ppl of Ghanappl of Ghana
Water SystemsWater Systems
• Niger River:Niger River:–““great river”great river” main artery in W. Africa main artery in W. Africa
– 2,600 miles long (32,600 miles long (3rdrd in Africa) in Africa)• Forms arc across 5 countriesForms arc across 5 countries
–Vital for irrigation & transportationVital for irrigation & transportation
–Splits into Niger Delta in Nigeria (150 Splits into Niger Delta in Nigeria (150 X 200 miles)X 200 miles)
Water SystemsWater Systems
• Zambezi River: Zambezi River: –Many waterfalls (Victoria Falls- 355 Many waterfalls (Victoria Falls- 355
foot drop– 2X size of Niagara)foot drop– 2X size of Niagara)• Congo River:Congo River:
–Meets sea at deep, Meets sea at deep, navigablenavigable estuary (estuary (onlyonly one in Africa) one in Africa)
–Largest network of navigable water Largest network of navigable water in Africain Africa
–But still has major waterfalls & But still has major waterfalls & rapidsrapids
Zambezi River
Victoria Falls
Physical BarriersPhysical Barriers• SaharaSahara prevents travel from North prevents travel from North
Africa to South/Central AfricaAfrica to South/Central Africa• Western Western deltasdeltas were treacherous were treacherous
to sail inland to sail inland • Eastern Eastern highlandshighlands made travel made travel
inland difficult (cliffs)inland difficult (cliffs)–Europeans controlled coastal trade Europeans controlled coastal trade
and Africans controlled inland tradeand Africans controlled inland trade
Natural ResourcesNatural Resources• Mineral resources are Mineral resources are abundantabundant
–Plentiful Plentiful oiloil reserves reserves
–Various metalsVarious metals across region across region
–S. Africa has ½ world’s S. Africa has ½ world’s goldgold, also , also found elsewherefound elsewhere
–Major Major diamonddiamond deposits deposits
Natural ResourcesNatural Resources
• Water is ABUNDANTWater is ABUNDANT• The problem lies with The problem lies with harnessingharnessing
power (physical & financial power (physical & financial problems)problems)–More More potentialpotential hydroelectric power hydroelectric power
than U.S. than U.S. • More development is occurringMore development is occurring
–Kenya installed 20,000 rural solar Kenya installed 20,000 rural solar power systems from 86-96power systems from 86-96
