Subject and Predicate review

Sentences have two parts

SUBJECT PREDICATENoun or Pronoun Verb Answers: Who or what? Answers: What

about it?

What makes a sentence?

What makes a sentence? Here are three sentences:

1. He smiles.2. Autumn leaves twirled gently to the ground. 3. The park district will open an outdoor ice skating rink

in November.

• Use a vertical line to divide between the complete subject and the complete predicate.

1. He smiles.2. Autumn leaves twirl gently to the ground. 3. The park district will open an outdoor ice skating rink in

November.

Sentence Fragment review

Sentence FragmentsA complete sentence will have at least

one subject and one verb. Sentences are considered fragments when they are missing either a subject or a verb.

◦ No Subject: Went to the store to buy brownie mix.◦ Added Subject: My dad went to the store to buy

brownie mix.

◦ No Verb: Brownie mix at the store expensive.◦ Added Verb: Brownie mix at the store was

expensive.

Sentence FragmentsIn addition to containing a subject and

verb, a complete sentence will express a complete thought.

◦ Incomplete: When he went to the checkout counter to pay for the brownie mix.Complete: When he went to the checkout counter to pay for the brownie mix, he got distracted by a display of cake mixes.

◦ Incomplete: The variety of yummy cake mixes.Complete: The variety of yummy cake mixes convinced him that he’d rather bake a cake than brownies tonight.

Simple and Compound sentences review

Simple sentenceDefinition:A very basic sentence that contains one independent clause.(An independent clause is a group of words that express a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence).

Examples:Leslie will sing in the talent show.

Joe camped with his Boy Scout troop.

Aaron draws very well.

Simple sentenceA simple sentence may contain a compound subject, a compound predicate, or both.

Examples:Leslie and Mark will sing in the talent show.

Joe camped and hiked with his Boy Scout troop.

Aaron and Susan draw and paint very well.

Compound sentenceDefinition:A sentence that contains two or more

independent clauses.

The independent clauses are usually joined by a comma and a conjunction.

Examples:Leslie will sing in the talent show, and we expect her to win first place.

Joe camped with his Boy Scout troop, but they had to come home early.

Aaron draws very well, so he was selected to enter the poster contest.

Conjunctions review

A conjunction joins words or word groups.

There are 7 coordinating conjunctions:ForAndNorButOrYetSo

Remember these conjunctions with the acronym: FANBOYS.

What conjunctions tell you:And – joins similar ideas in a neutral/positive way

Cap held tai chi and tye dye classes at school.

Nor – joins similar ideas in a negative waySophie did not know that Cap sent her the bracelet, nor did Mrs. Donnelly.

But – joins contrasting ideasNaomi wanted to be Zach’s girlfriend, but she disagreed with what he was doing to Cap.

Yet – joins contrasting ideasCap was treated unkindly by Zach, yet he never showed any signs of anger.

What conjunctions tell you:So – joins cause and effect ideas

Sophie was thankful to Cap for giving her the bracelet, so she drove him to the school dance.

For – joins cause and effect ideasUntil Cap came, Hugh was sure he would be elected class president, for he had always been the most picked on student at Claverage Middle School.

Or – joins choices of ideasHugh had to decide if he was going to be friends with Zach or Cap.

Combine two simple sentences that are related to make a compound sentence. Add a conjunction between them, and replace the period of the first sentence with a comma.

Peter plays tennis. He sings in the choir. Peter plays tennis, and he sings in the choir.

Katie practiced her spelling words for an hour. She got 100% on her test. Katie practiced her spelling words for an hour, so she got 100% on her test.

Wendy ran to catch the train. She got there too late. Wendy ran to catch the train, but she got there too late.

Stores in town were decorated. The holiday season was coming quickly. Stores in town were decorated, for the holiday season was coming quickly.

It rained hard last night. They still held the soccer game in the morning. It rained hard last night, but they still held the soccer game in the morning.

Sentence combining

Compound Sentence:Sometimes longer linking words called

conjunctive adverbs can be used to make a compound sentence.

Replace the period after the first sentence with a semicolon. Use a comma after the conjunctive adverb.

◦Example: I play several varsity sports; consequently, my friends are impressed.

conjunctive adverb

Conjunctive Adverbsalsoanywaybesidesconsequen

tlyfinallyfurthermor

ehowever

incidentally

indeedinsteadlikewisemeanwhilemoreoverneverthele

ss

nextnonetheles

sotherwisestillthenthereforethus

Proper Punctuation:How do you punctuate this compound sentence correctly?WRONG: We should leave early otherwise

we will miss the start of the movie.

CORRECT: We should leave early; otherwise, we will miss the start of the movie.

conjunctive adverb

Run on sentences review

Run-on SentencesA run-on sentence occurs when two or more simple

sentences are combined without correct punctuation.

Run-on example: The grocery store was really packed with people there must have been a big sale today.

◦ Correction #1: The grocery store was really packed with people. There must have been a big sale today.

Here, the error has been corrected by simply breaking the run-on sentence into two simple sentences.

◦ Correction #2: The grocery store was really packed with people, so there must have been a big sale today.

In this case, the sentence has been corrected by adding a conjunction and a comma. This is a compound sentence.

Comma splice review

Comma Splices Comma splices are similar to run-on sentences because

they also incorrectly connect two simple sentences. A comma splice occurs when two simple sentences are

connected with only a comma.

Comma Splice example: My family bakes together nearly every night, we then get to enjoy everything we make together.

◦ Correction #1: My family bakes together nearly every night. We then get to enjoy everything we make together. The comma splice has been corrected by breaking the sentence into two

separate sentences.

◦ Correction #2: My family bakes together nearly every night, and we then get to enjoy everything we make together. The comma splice has been corrected by adding a conjunction and a

comma. This makes a compound sentence.

Homework

Worksheet