Subject Contents: Subject Contents:

1.1. Properties of Properties of metalsmetals

2.2. Reactivity seriesReactivity series

3.3. Extraction of Extraction of metalsmetals

4.4. IronIron

5.5. Aluminium Aluminium

Why are metals used Why are metals used in certain materials?in certain materials?

What What physical physical propertiesproperties do the do the

metals have?metals have?

1. Physical Properties:1. Physical Properties:

strongstrong and and toughtough

used to make machines which used to make machines which

can withstand stresscan withstand stress

ductileductile (can be drawn into wires) (can be drawn into wires)

& & malleablemalleable (can be shaped into (can be shaped into

sheets)sheets)

made into drink cans, foils etcmade into drink cans, foils etc

Good conductor of ________

made into wires & cables.

________ boiling & melting points

metal such as tungsten is used

for manufacturing of lamp

filaments.

electricity

High

• Pure metals are ______.

• The atoms are of the same size therefore it is easier for layers of atoms to __________ each other.

soft

slide over

AlloyAlloy

• In an alloy, the bigger atoms are added. Hence, the atoms of different sizes cannot slide over each other.

•Hence, the alloy is harder and stronger than pure metals.

AlloyAlloy Elements presentElements present

StainlessStainless

SteelSteel

73% iron, 18% chromium,73% iron, 18% chromium,

8% nickel , 1% carbon8% nickel , 1% carbon

Bronze Bronze 90 % copper90 % copper

10 % tin10 % tin

BrassBrass70% Copper 70% Copper

30 % zinc30 % zinc

1) Stainless steel is an alloy. 1) Stainless steel is an alloy. Which elements does it Which elements does it contain? contain?

2) Why is stainless steel 2) Why is stainless steel stronger than iron?stronger than iron?

QUICK RECAP:

2. The Reactivity Series (A list of metals placed in order of

reactivity)

Prepared by, Miss Wong

The Reactivity Series

is a list of some metals with the most is a list of some metals with the most reactive metals at the top and the least reactive metals at the top and the least reactive metal at the bottomreactive metal at the bottom

the series is worked out based on the the series is worked out based on the reaction of reaction of

( i) metal with ( i) metal with cold water/ steamcold water/ steam

(ii) metal with (ii) metal with acidacid

Please

Stop

Calling

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Zombie

I

Thank

Ladies

Calling

Myself

Sexy

GirlReactivity decreases

K Potassium

Na Sodium

Ca Calcium

Mg Magnesium

Al Aluminium

Zn Zinc

Fe Iron

Sn Tin

Pb Lead

Cu Copper

Hg Mercury

Ag silver

Au Gold

Potassium with water

I. Reaction of metal with water

Sodium with water

•Lots of bubbles with flashes of light

•Explodes with cold water.

•Lots of bubbles

•Reacts very quickly

metal + water metal + water metal hydroxidemetal hydroxide + + hydrogenhydrogen

Reaction of metal with waterReaction of metal with water

Calcium with water Magnesium with water

•Very few bubbles

•Slow reaction

•Lots of bubbles

•Reacts readily

Potassium Explodes potassium hydroxide+ hydrogen

Sodium Reacts violently

Calcium Reacts readily

Magnesium

Reacts very slowly

Aluminium No reaction

Zinc

Iron DO NOT react with cold water

Tin

Lead

I. Reaction of metals with Cold WaterI. Reaction of metals with Cold Water

Reaction of Metals with SteamReaction of Metals with Steam

Some metals do not Some metals do not react with cold water react with cold water but they do react but they do react with steam. Hence, with steam. Hence, the the less reactive less reactive metalsmetals will react will react with steam.with steam.

The metal is strongly The metal is strongly heated until very hot.heated until very hot.

Glass wool is then Glass wool is then heated to generate heated to generate steam over the hot steam over the hot metal.metal.

Magnesium Hot magnesium reacts violently with hot steam to form white powder (magnesium oxide) and hydrogen.

Equation:_______________________

Aluminium No reaction.

Zinc Hot zinc reacts readily with steam

Iron Hot iron reacts slowly with steam

Tin

Lead

Copper NO reaction with STEAM.

Mercury

Silver

II. Reaction of metals with II. Reaction of metals with steamsteam

Question 1: Question 1: Based on their reaction with water, Based on their reaction with water,

deduce the order of the reactivity of these deduce the order of the reactivity of these 3 metals.3 metals.

Most reactiveMost reactive --------------------------- --------------------------- Least Least reactivereactive

Potassium Potassium Calcium Calcium MagnesiumMagnesium

METALMETAL Reaction with waterReaction with water

CalciumCalcium SlowSlow

MagnesiuMagnesiumm

Very slowVery slow

PotassiumPotassium FastFast

Reaction of metal with acidReaction of metal with acid

Example : Mg + 2HCl Example : Mg + 2HCl MgCl MgCl22 + H + H22

Sometimes, hydrogen is placed in the Sometimes, hydrogen is placed in the

reactivity series. (below lead)reactivity series. (below lead)

Metals below hydrogen Metals below hydrogen do not reactdo not react with with

acids.acids.

(E.g copper, silver, mercury and gold do not (E.g copper, silver, mercury and gold do not

react with acid.)react with acid.)

metal + acid metal + acid salt + salt + hydrogenhydrogen

II .Reaction of metal with acidII .Reaction of metal with acid

Magnesium with acid

Zinc with acid

•Lots of bubbles formed

•moderately fast reaction

•some bubbles formed

•slow reaction

Potassium Explosive reaction; Potassium chloride + hydrogen

Sodium Explosive reaction;

Calcium Reacts vigorously, lots of bubbles

Magnesium

Reacts very fast

Zinc Reacts moderately fast

Iron Reacts slowly

Lead Very slow reaction

Copper No reaction

II. Reaction of Metals with Acid (HCl)II. Reaction of Metals with Acid (HCl)

METAL Reaction with

cold water/Steam

Reaction with

dilute HCl

PotassiumReact with cold water

Explosive reaction

sodium

Calcium Violent reaction

magnesiumReact with steam

Moderately fast

Zinc

Iron Slow

Lead No reaction with water or steam

No reaction

Copper

Silver

Order of reactivityOrder of reactivity

1. What metal does not react with HCl?1. What metal does not react with HCl?

a. Calcium b. Copper c. Magnesium d. a. Calcium b. Copper c. Magnesium d. ZincZinc

a. Leada. Lead b. Ironb. Iron c. Zincc. Zinc d. Copperd. Copper

2. Which of the following metals does 2. Which of the following metals does not produce hydrogen when added to not produce hydrogen when added to

acid?acid?

3. a) Arrange the metals below in order of 3. a) Arrange the metals below in order of reactivity, starting with the most reactive reactivity, starting with the most reactive

first.first.

copper, iron, calcium, lead, sodium, zinccopper, iron, calcium, lead, sodium, zinc

b) From the list, name two metals that will b) From the list, name two metals that will not not react with cold water but will react with react with cold water but will react with

steam and to give hydrogen.steam and to give hydrogen.

Displacement ReactionsDisplacement Reactions

A A more reactive metalmore reactive metal will will displace a displace a less reactive metalless reactive metal from a solution of its salts.from a solution of its salts.

i) CuSOi) CuSO44 + Zn + Zn

ii) CuSOii) CuSO44 + Fe + Fe

Cu + ZnSOCu + ZnSO44

Cu + FeSOCu + FeSO44

iii) Cu + ZnSOiii) Cu + ZnSO4 4 iv) Mg + ZnSOiv) Mg + ZnSO44

No Reaction!!!No Reaction!!!Zn + MgSOZn + MgSO44

Websites:Websites:

http://lgfl.skoool.cohttp://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/viewdetails_KS.uk/viewdetails_KS3.aspx?ID=5163.aspx?ID=516