Supplementary Material

Table S1: Requirements for spectrally neutral terrain used to create average neutral spectra for ratioing purposes, with parameters (defined by Viviano-Beck et al., 2014) listed for each

cube for which spectra are shown. Mineral mask is used to produce spectra shown in main text, but the dust mask is a viable alternative, as shown in Figure S1.

Parameter FRT47A3 FRT5C5E FRT5850 FRT1182A HRL40FF

Mineral Mask

R770 > 0.01 > 0.01 > 0.01 > 0.01 > 0.01

BDI1000IR < 0.035 < 0.02 < 0.015 < 0.035 < 0.035

OLINDEX3 < 0.09 < 0.09 < 0.07 < 0.09 < 0.12

BD1300 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.02 < 0.02

LCPINDEX2 < -0.03 < -0.02 < -0.015 < -0.025 < -0.03

HCPINDEX2 < 0 < -0.01 < -0.005 < 0 < 0

D2200 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.005 < 0.005

BD2290 < 0 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.004 < 0.005

D2300 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.002 < 0.005 < 0.005

BD2500_2 < -0.005 < -0.005 < -0.005 < -0.005 < -0.005

Pixels selected 3,458 16,113 10,568 21,930 1,200

Dust Mask

R770 > 0.01 > 0.01 > 0.01 > 0.01 > 0.01

RBR > 3.8 > 3.4 > 3.5 > 3.5 > 3.5

RPEAK1 > 0.73 > 0.73 > 0.725 > 0.725 > 0.73

BD2500_2 < -0.005 < -0.005 < -0.005 < -0.005 < -0.005

Pixels selected 2,490 2,148 1,353 1,471 10,577

Figure S1: Comparison of ratio spectra produced via mineral mask (dashed line) and via dust mask (solid line), as detailed in Table S1. Each plot is equivalent to figure in main text as

labeled. Mineral mask-derived spectra are used in main text, as it tends to produce clearer 2.5 μm bands.

Table S2: Summary of marginal carbonate deposits in terrestrial, modern and recent, endorheic, perennial lakes. Brackets indicate ranges.

Table S3: Summary of microfossils encased in marginal carbonate deposits of terrestrial, recent and ancient lacustrine settings.

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