• Supported Martin Luther’s reform

• Believed in Predestination – God has already

determined who will go to heaven before birth• Nothing people can do

can change this

– Chosen people were the “elected”

• Ideas spread through Europe– Germany, Holland,

France, England, and Scotland

• Calvin setup a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland – A government based

on religious teachings

• People who followed Calvin's teachings

• Believed people were sinners and need strict rules to regulate behavior– Church attendance

was mandatory – Dancing, singing,

feasting, wearing jewelry were forbidden

• Became King of England in 1509

• Was a devout Catholic who spoke out against Luther – Pope gave him title

“Defender of the Faith”• Married Catherine of

Aragon – Had a daughter Mary • Wanted a male heir

• Henry asks the pope to annul his marriage– Declare it invalid and

allow him to remarry

• Pope refuses to grant Henry’s request

• Henry VIII asks Parliament to end the Pope’s authority in England

• Parliament made Henry the head of the Church of England and granted his divorce –Married Anne Boleyn – 2nd of six marriages

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• Act of Supremacy required subjects to swear oath that Henry VIII was the Supreme head of the Church– Anglican church (Church of England)

• England became a Protestant country

• Henry closed Catholic monasteries and took their lands – Gave the lands and wealth to nobles

•

• What is predestination? • What event led to the Protestant

Reformation in England? • Who was the head of the Church of

England?

• Act of Supremacy required subjects to swear oath that Henry VIII was the Supreme head of the Church– Anglican church (Church of England)

• England became a Protestant country

•

•

•

European Religions European Religions TodayToday

• Sometimes known as the Catholic Reformation

• Developed as an attempt to keep Catholics from becoming Protestants

• Instituted reforms to the Church

• Meeting of Church officials to guide Church reforms –Met on and off for

twenty years

• Reforms– Church interpretation of the

Bible was final• Any Christian who substituted

their own view was a heretic

– Faith and good works only way to get to heaven

– Stopped sale of indulgences – Created the Index of

Forbidden Books • Banned and burned books

that were offensive• included Protestant Bibles

• Formed the Jesuit order – Emphasis on spiritual

and moral discipline – Strict obedience to

Church authority• Focused on

education and missionaries as way to stop spread of Protestant faith – Established schools – Sent missionaries to

Africa, Asia, AmericasSpanish solider who dedicated his life to Jesus after being wounded in battle

• The Church established a court to fight Protestantism and find religious heretics– Beliefs that

differed from official church teachings

• Tried people accused of being Protestants, witches, & breaking Church laws– Used torture and

execution

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• Spanish Inquisition 1478– Spanish monarchs

wanted Spain to be a Catholic country only• Tried Jews,

Muslims, and Protestants as heretics

• What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?

• What was the purpose of the inquisition?