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Suricata Performance with a S like Security
É. Leblond
Stamus Networks
July. 03, 2018
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 1 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 1 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 1 / 31
What it is not ?
https://twitter.com/randomuserid/status/1012474246503845888
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 2 / 31
A signature based IDS
From individual traffic todetection
Get packet per packetReconstruct to applicationlayerRun detection engine
IdentityGPLv2owned by OISF (non for profitfoundation)Scalability via multithreadingWritten in C and Rust
Example signature
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 3 / 31
Suricata (Bro) NSM features
Supported protocolsProtocol analysis: http, ftp, smtp, tls, ssh smb, dcerpc, dns, nfs,ntp, ftp-data, tftp, ikev2, krb5, dhcpProtocol recognition: imap, msn
Log example
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 4 / 31
What it is ? or how to please developers
https://twitter.com/randomuserid/status/1012705279098490880
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 5 / 31
File related features
File analysisMagic computation and in file data matchChecksum computation and file extraction to diskSupported protocols: http, smtp, smb, ftp, nfs
Fileinfo example
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 6 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 6 / 31
Suricata reconstruction and normalization
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 7 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 7 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 7 / 31
Impact of loosing packets
MethodologyUse a sample trafficModify the pcap file to have specified random packet lossDo it 3 times par packet lossGet graph out of that
Test dataUsing a test pcap of 445Mo.Real traffic but lot of malicious behaviorsTraffic is a bit old
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 8 / 31
Alert loss by packet loss
Some numbers10% missed alerts with 3% packets loss50% missed alerts with 25% packets loss
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 9 / 31
The case of file extraction
Some numbers10% failed file extraction with 0.4% packets loss50% failed file extraction with 5.5% packets loss
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 10 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 10 / 31
The elephant flow problem (1/2)
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 11 / 31
The elephant flow problem (1/2)
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 11 / 31
The elephant flow problem (1/2)
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 11 / 31
The elephant flow problem (2/2)
Ring buffer overrunLimited sized ring bufferOverrun cause packets lossthat cause streaming malfunction
Ring size increaseWork aroundUse memoryFail for non burst
Dequeue at NQueue at speed N+M
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 12 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 12 / 31
Stream depth method
Attacks characteristicIn most cases attack is done at start of TCP sessionGeneration of requests prior to attack is not commonMultiple requests are often not even possible on same TCPsession
Stream reassembly depthReassembly is done till stream.reassembly.depth bytes.Stream is not analyzed once limit is reachedIndividual packet continue to be inspected
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 13 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 13 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 13 / 31
Introducing bypass
Stop packet handling as soon as possibleTag flow as bypassedMaintain table of bypassed flowsDiscard packet if part of a bypassed flow
Bypass methodLocal bypass: Suricata discard packet after decodingCapture bypass: capture method maintain flow table and discardpackets of bypassed flows
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 14 / 31
Bypassing big flow: local bypass
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 15 / 31
Bypassing big flow: capture bypass
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 16 / 31
Bypassing big flow: capture bypass
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 16 / 31
Implementation
Suricata updateAdd callback functionCapture method register itself and provide a callbackSuricata calls callback when it wants to offload
NFQ bypass in Suricata 3.2Update capture register functionWritten callback function
Set a mark with respect to a mask on packetMark is set on packet when issuing the verdict
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 17 / 31
Implementation
Suricata updateAdd callback functionCapture method register itself and provide a callbackSuricata calls callback when it wants to offload
NFQ bypass in Suricata 3.2Update capture register functionWritten callback function
Set a mark with respect to a mask on packetMark is set on packet when issuing the verdict
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 17 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 17 / 31
Stream depth bypass
Stop all treatment after bypassGo beyond what is currently doneDisable individual packet treatment once stream depth is reached
Activating stream depth bypassSet stream.bypass to yes in YAML
TLS bypassencrypt-handling: bypass
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 18 / 31
Selective bypass
Ignore some trafficIgnore intensive traffic like NetflixCan be done independently of stream depthCan be done using generic or custom signatures
The bypass keywordA new bypass signature keywordTrigger bypass when signature matchExample of signature
pass h t t p any any −> any any ( content : " s u r i c a t a . i o " ; \ \h t tp_hos t ; bypass ; s id :6666; rev : 1 ; )
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 19 / 31
Selective bypass
Ignore some trafficIgnore intensive traffic like NetflixCan be done independently of stream depthCan be done using generic or custom signatures
The bypass keywordA new bypass signature keywordTrigger bypass when signature matchExample of signature
pass h t t p any any −> any any ( content : " s u r i c a t a . i o " ; \ \h t tp_hos t ; bypass ; s id :6666; rev : 1 ; )
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 19 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 19 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 19 / 31
Extended Berkeley Packet Filter
Berkeley Packet FilterVirtual machine inside kernelArithmetic operations and tests on the packet dataFilters are injected by userspace in kernel via syscall
Extended BPFExtended virtual machine: more operators, data and functionaccessVarious attachment points
SocketSyscallTraffic control
Kernel and userspace shared structuresHash tablesArrays
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 20 / 31
LLVM backend
From C file to eBPF codeWrite C codeUse eBPF LLVM backend (since LLVM 3.7)Use libbpf
Get ELF fileExtract and load section in kernel
BCC: BPF Compiler collectionInject eBPF into kernel from high level scripting languageTrace syscalls and kernel functionshttps://github.com/iovisor/bcc
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 21 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 21 / 31
And now AF_PACKET
What’s neededSuricata to tell kernel to ignore flowsKernel system able to
Maintain a list of flow entriesDiscard packets belonging to flows in the listUpdate from userspace
eBPF filter using mapseBPF introduce mapsDifferent data structures
Hash, array, . . .Update and fetch from userspace
Looks good!
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 22 / 31
And now AF_PACKET
What’s neededSuricata to tell kernel to ignore flowsKernel system able to
Maintain a list of flow entriesDiscard packets belonging to flows in the listUpdate from userspace
eBPF filter using mapseBPF introduce mapsDifferent data structures
Hash, array, . . .Update and fetch from userspace
Looks good!
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 22 / 31
Test methodology
Test setupIntel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2680 0 @ 2.70GHzIntel Corporation 82599ES 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+Live traffic:
Around 1Gbps to 2GbpsReal users so not reproducible
TestsOne hour long runDifferent stream depth valuesCollected Suricata statistics counters (JSON export)Graphs done via Timelion(https://www.elastic.co/blog/timelion-timeline)
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 23 / 31
Results: stream bypass at 512kb
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 24 / 31
A few words on graphics
Tests at 512kbWe have on big flow thatkill the bandwidthCapture get almost nullEven number of closedbypassed flows is low
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 25 / 31
Results
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 26 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 26 / 31
A Linux kernel feature
Run a eBPF code the earliest possiblein the driverin the cardbefore the regular kernel path
Act on dataDrop packet (eXtreme Drop Performance)Transmit to kernelRewrite and transmit packet to kernelRedirect to another interfaceCPU load balance
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 27 / 31
Implementation
Similar to eBPF filterSame logic for bypassOnly verdict logic is different
But annoying differenceeBPF code does the parsingNeed to bind to an interface
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 28 / 31
Results
TODO: Ask OISF marketing for some fake numbers to show
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 29 / 31
1 IntroductionFeaturesReconstruction work
2 ProblemPacket loss impactElephant flowWork less to get more
3 BypassIntroducing bypassBypass strategy
4 Hipster technologies to the rescueeBPFAF_PACKET bypass via eBPFXDP support
5 Conclusion
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 29 / 31
Conclusion
Suricata, eBPF and XDPA fresh but interesting methodNetwork card bypass for Netronome comingAF_XDP capture is now in Linux vanilla
More informationStamus Networks: https://www.stamus-networks.com/Septun II: https://github.com/pevma/SEPTun-Mark-II/Suricata doc: http://suricata.readthedocs.io/en/latest/capture-hardware/ebpf-xdp.html
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 30 / 31
Questions ?
Thanks toJesper Dangaard BrouerAlexei StorovoitovDaniel Borkmann
Contact [email protected]: @regiteric
Want more fun ?Come to Suricata and SELKSworkshop !Suricon:https://suricon.net/
É. Leblond (Stamus Networks) Suricata Performance with a S like Security July. 03, 2018 31 / 31