Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 36
SURVEY AND DOCUMENTATION OF SOME WILD TUBERS/
RHIZOMES AND THEIR VARIOUS USES IN JHARKHAND
*Sudhanshu Kumar
Department of Botany, P.P.K. College, Bundu, Ranchi 835204, Jharkhand, India
*Author for Correspondence
ABSTRACT
Jharkhand a land of forests and tribals with flora and fauna is in itself an interesting subject to be studied
extensively. Recent revival of interest in documenting medicinal plants used by tribal is a centre of focus for different government institutions, NGOs and Science and Technology Department of Jharkhand- state
Govt. Most of the ethnic people here are dependent on forest for their lively-hood. The Mundas, Oraons,
Santhals, Kharias, Birhors, Paharias and Asurs constitute the prominent ethnic groups of Jharkhand. The BPL (Below poverty line) people of those communities work hard and the source of their good health is
the leafy vegetables, corms and rhizomes from wild sources which supplement their mineral and vitamin
requirement and also as substitute of medicine in general health problems. The present survey of the wild
tubers/rhizomes of Jharkhand has been done with an objective to know particularly those wild edible tubers/rhizomes which area used as vegetable or spices and medicine by the folk in this region.
Keywords: Wild Tubers; Vegetables; Spices; Medicine; Ethnic People; Jharkhand
INTRODUCTION
The local tribe in Jharkhand inhibits far flung interiors of forest infested land and is out of the reach of medicinal facility. But Nature has provided them the substitutes in medical emergency. They use herbs
and edible tubers/rhizomes as vegetables and spices in health problems and also apply them as paste in
problems of different part of body.
Again the preliminary investigation has suggested that many edible tubers and roots are somewhat alike in morphology and grows besides each other however some of them are poisonous. For example tuber of
young Butea monosprma (Palsh) is edible but it resembles with that of Gloriosa superba which is deadly
poisonous and much causality have been reported due to consumption of the tuber of Gloriosa in place of Butea in confusion. So, the objective of this paper is also to educate target population about the
identification and proper use of the edible tubers and how to differentiate them with poisonous ones, by
organizing and installing stalls for display of these in ‘Kisan melas’ or other way out..
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Both intensive and extensive ethno botanical survey have been carried out during the Year 2013-2015 in
remote tribal dominated villages and village haats (markets) of different areas of Jharkhand viz. Dumka tin bazar, Sikaripara and Masanjore in Dumka district. In Ranchi districts the markets include Norhi,
Rargaon and Salgadih in Tamar Block; Taimara, Nailagara and Bundu in Bundu Block. The survey
included Runtukel, Lili and Kote in Murhu block of Khunti district also. The information collected and recorded is related to those wild tubers/rhizomes being used as vegetables and spices. The information
was collected by interviews, observations and participation with the ethnic respondents.
Identification of these plants specimens were done with Haines (1921-25), Ghosh (1971), Singh et al.,
(2001), Sarma and Sarkar (2002), and also by matching the herbaria at NBRI (LWG), Lucknow.
Enumeration Abelmoschus crinitus Wallich [Malvaceae]
Local Name: Ban bhindi Voucher specimen: SK 2114
Uses: Fresh root is eaten raw by local tribes.
Asparagus racemosus Wild. [Liliaceae]
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 37
Local Name: Goge Tarang
Voucher specimen: SK 2115
Uses: Boiled root is used as tonic while the raw roots are used in making Rice beer. It is useful to check dysentery, gastric complain and urine problems.
Bombax ceiba L. [Bombacaceae]
Local Name: Semar Voucher specimen: SK 2118
Uses: Root of young plant is eaten raw and also as tonic in case of weakness after boiling.
Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub [Fabaceae]
Local Name: Palas Voucher specimen: SK 2119
Uses: Root of young plant is sweet and often sucked by tribals in forest.
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. [Zingiberaceae] Local Name: Ban haldi
Voucher specimen: SK 2120
Uses: Rhizome are used as paste over swelling and also as spices. Curcuma caesia Roxb. [Zingiberaceae]
Local Name: Neelkanth
Voucher specimen: SK 2128
Uses: Used by Mundas to cure snake bites. Also used to give flavour to rice beer. Its decoction is used in treatment of pneumonia and cough in child.
Dioscorea bulbifera L. [Dioscoreaceae]
Local Name: Piska sanga Voucher specimen: SK 2125
Uses: Yam is used as vegetable and also sold in the village market. It is also applied as paste in the
treatment of gout and joint pain.
Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill [Dioscoreaceae] Local Name: Suthni sanga
Voucher specimen: SK 2124
Uses: Boiled yam is edible after boiling. It is popularly used as offerings to the Sun god during 'Chhath festival' and sold costly prior to this festival in markets.
Dioscorea glabra Roxb. [Dioscoreaceae]
Local Name: Byang sanga Voucher specimen: SK 2129
Uses: The erect tuberous root is sold costly in the village markets as vegetable.
Dioscorea hispida Dennst. [Dioscoreaceae]
Local Name: Kulu sanga Voucher specimen: SK 2130
Uses: The fresh tubers are sweet but cause vomiting. They are eaten only after having been steeped in
water for 36 hours. Dioscorea pentaphylla L. [Dioscoreaceae]
Local Name: Hasear sanga
Voucher specimen: SK 2131 Uses: Boiled tubers are edible.
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. [Asclepiadaceae]
Local Name: Anant mool / Chhoti dudhi
Voucher specimen: SK 2132 Uses: Root is used to provide a different flavor to tea by housewives. Local area and also gives a flavor
to rice beer. Decoction of root is anti inflammatory, diuretic, prevents miscarriage and improves fertility.
Plesmonium margaritiferum (Roxb.) Schott. [Araceae]
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 38
Local Name: Ban ole
Voucher specimen: SK 2134
Uses: The tubers are eaten but have to be boiled several times with lime juice or tamarind. Well grounded tuber are rubbed to reduce swelling.
Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Wild) DC (Fabaceae)
Local Name: Patal kumhra Voucher specimen: SK 2127
Uses: The Yam is eaten raw. The crust yam is rubbed on the body in fever and rheumatism.
Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Kunth [Araceae]
Local Name: Lapra Voucher specimen: SK 2126
Uses: The Yam is used by the Mundas as flavour giving spice. Paste of tuber is used against
protuberance. Schoenoplectus grossus (L.f) Palla [Cyperaceae]
Local Name: Kesor / Khesari
Voucher specimen: SK 2135 Uses: The bulblets are considered delicate food among tribes.
Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich var vaxillata [Fabaceae]
Local Name: Ban mung
Voucher specimen: SK 2136 Uses: The tubers are eaten raw or boiled by tribals. Paste and decoction is applied in case of arthritis and
joint disorders. Decoction is effective in checking internal bleeding.
Zingiber purpureum Roscoe [Zingiberaceae] Local Name: Ban ada
Voucher specimen: SK 2138
Uses: The rhizome is used as flavor spice. Mundas make use of it against cough, intestinal disorder and
rheumatism. Paste of rhizome is applied in case of joint pain and decoction is used to check diarrhea, flatulence and constipation.
Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex. Sm [Zingiberaceae]
Local Name: Harmu sing Voucher specimen: SK 2140
Uses: Rhizome is used as spice. The paste of root is used to cure wounds by Mundas. It is also used to
relieve stomachache. Softened rhizome is pressed into the hollow teeth as long as needed to check toothache. The grounded rhizome is taken with water to check stomachache.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Discussion The survey and documentation reveals that only eight tubers/rhizomes of the above nineteen listed are
found being sold in the village markets. While going through literatures it has been observed that the
various authors have reported varied properties of medicinal value of these tubers/rhizomes. Misra and Misra (2014) reported that boiled root of Abelmoschus crinitus is used as vegetable in Odisha. The root
powder is used by Valmiki Tribes of Muchingibutta Mandal of Vishakhapatnam district of Andhra
Pradesh to increase memory power (Padal & Devender, 2012). Meena and Rao (2010) have found that in Rajasthan Meena community use Asparagus racemosus to increase lactation, check diabetes, muscle pain,
muscular disorders, leucorrhoea and to increase fertility. Root bark of Bombax ceiba is used in
leucorrhoea and urinary problems in Rajsthan and Chattisgarh (Chaudhary and Khadabadi, 2012). Patil et
al., (2006) have reported that root pieces of Butea monosperma are eaten and the juice extracted from the root. This root is used as remedy against impotency in Maharashtra. Rhizome of Curcuma angustifolia is
boiled and used as vegetable in South Odisha (Misra and Misra, 2014). Root and rhizome of Curcuma
caesia is used in piles, leprosy, asthma and in rheumatic arthritis as paste (Das et al., 2013). Yam of
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 39
Dioscorea bulbifera is boiled and used as vegetable in Odisha (Misra and Misra, 2014). Dioscorea
bulbifera is used by tribal ladies of Rajasthan as contra receptive (Choudhary et al., 2008).
Figure 1: Abelmoschus crinitus Wallich Figure 2: Roots of Abelmoschus crinitus
Wallich
Figure 3: Asparagus racemosus Wild. Figure 4: Root of Asparagus racemosus Wild.
Figure 5: Bombax ceiba L. Figure 6: Root of Bombax ceiba L.
Figure 7: Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub Figure 8: Root of Butea monosperma (Lam.)
Taub
Plate 1
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 40
Figure 9: Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Figure 10: Root of Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.
Figure 11: Curcuma caesia Roxb. Figure 12: Root of Curcuma caesia Roxb.
Figure 13: Dioscorea bulbifera L. Figure 14: Root of Dioscorea bulbifera L.
Figure 15: Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill Figure 16: Root of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.)
Burkill
Plate 2
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 41
Figure 17: Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Figure 18: Root of Dioscorea glabra Roxb.
Figure 19: Dioscorea hispida Dennst. Figure 20: Root of Dioscorea hispida Dennst.
Figure 21: Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Figure 22: Root of Dioscorea pentaphylla L.
Figure 23: Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. Figure 24: Root of Hemidesmus indicus (L.)
R.Br.
Plate 3
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 42
Figure 25: Plesmonium margaritiferum (Roxb.)
Schott.
Figure 26: Corm of Plesmonium
margaritiferum (Roxb.) Schott.
Figure 27: Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Wild)
DC
Figure 28: Tuberous root of Pueraria tuberosa
(Roxb. ex Wild) DC
Figure 29: Sauromatum venosum (Aiton)
Kunth
Figure 30: Corm of Sauromatum venosum
(Aiton) Kunth
Figure 31: Schoenoplectus grossus (L.f) Palla
Figure 32: Root of Schoenoplectus grossus (L.f)
Palla
Plate 4
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 43
Dioscorea esculenta is boiled and taken to increase body weight by tribals of Assam (Dutta, 2015).
Dioscorea glabra is used as fresh snacks in south Odisha (Misra and Misra, 2014). In Meghalaya the yam
of Dioscorea glabra is boiled and used as vegetable (Sheikh et al., 2013). Root of Dioscorea hispida called ‘Ubi gadong’ by Temuan tribe of Malaysia and is used to decrease the glucose level in blood
(Hanum and Hamzah, 1999). Root of Dioscorea pentaphylla is used as medicine related to digestive tract
and respiration in Malaysia (Nashriyah et al., 2011). Pragada et al., (2012) reported that Hemidesmus indicus root is used by tribes of North Andhra Pradesh to check dysentery in form of decoction. Kumar
and Goel (2008) also reported previously about the use root of Hemidesmus indicus as flavoring agent of
tea in Jharkhand.
Figure 33: Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich var
vaxillata
Figure 34: Tuberous root of Vigna vexillata
(L.) A. Rich var vaxillata
Figure 35: Zingiber purpureum Roscoe
Figure 36: Rhizome of Zingiber purpureum
Roscoe
Figure 37: Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex.
Sm
Figure 38: Rhizome of Zingiber zerumbet (L.)
Roscoe ex. Sm
Plate 5
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 44
Sen and Behera (2008) observed that Root paste of Plesmonium margaritiferum mixed with Piper nigrum
is taken twice daily to cure dysentery by the tribals of Bargarh district in Orrissa. Kapale (2012) reported
from Amarkantak area of Madhya Pradesh that Baiga tribes there eat Pueraria tuberosa tuber to cure abdominal disorder. Chaudhary et al., (2008) observed during their study in Rajasthan that tuber of
Sauromatum venosum have anti-tumor property. Banik et al., (2014) reported that Schoenoplectus grossus
is edible and used for medicinal purposes in Chhattisgarh. Adhikari et al., have reported from Dehradun that root and whole plant is used in the treatment of Rheumatism, ulcer, cholera, weakness. Sirirugsa
(1999) found that in Thailand the rhizome of Zinziber purpurium is used to treat fevers and intestinal
disorder. Various lotions and decoctions applied to swellings, rheumatism, bruise, numb feet, and painful
parts while the rhizome of Zinziber zerumbet is used to relieve stomachache, macerated in alcohol is regarded as tonic, stimulant and depurative. It is also used as the spice ging er. Saikia et al., (2010) also
confirmed that rhizome of Zinziber purpurium called as ‘Bara-ud’ by Bodo tribes in Assam is used for
cure of stomachache and indigestion. The present investigation indicated how poor people of this area have developed an alternative source of vegetables and spices to be used particularly in the times of
scarcity of vegetables. In this way the ethnic community would be having more choices of vegetables and
spices with medicinal properties before them.
Conclusion Thus the information documented above about the ethno medicinal properties that nature has bestowed on
these wild roots/rhizome are of much use for these local people and need to be disseminated among more
people around.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to local respondent tribes and people for their valuable help in collection of plant species. We are thankful to UGC (Eastern Zone) for providing financial assistance in form of Minor
Research Project under 12th Plan.
REFERENCES Banik A, Nema S and Shankar D (2014). Wild edible tuber and root plants available in bastar region of
Chhattisgarh. International Journal of Forestry and I Crop Improvement 5(2) 85-89.
Chaudhary PH and Khadabadi SS (2012). Bombax ceiba Linn.: Pharmacognosy, ethnobotany and
phyto-pharmacology. Pharmacognosy Communications 2 2–9.
Choudhary K, Singh M and Pillai U (2008). Ethnobotanical survey of Rajasthan - An Update.
American-Eurasian Journal of Botany 1(2) 38-45.
Das S, Monda P and Zaman KM (2013). Curcuma caesia roxb. and it’s medicinal uses: a review.
International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry 3(2) 370-375.
Dutta Barnali (2015). Food and medicinal values of certain species of Dioscorea with special reference to Assam. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 3(4) 15-18.
Ghosh TK (1971). Studies on Flora of Ranchi District. Ph.D. Thesis. Ranchi University, Ranchi I-II.
Haines HH (1921-25). The Botany of Bihar and Orissa. BSI, Calcutta I-IV.
Hanum F and Hamzah N (1999). The use of medicinal plant species by the Temuan tribe of Ayer Hitam
forest, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(2) 85–94.
Kapale Rupesh (2012). Ethnomedicinal Plants used by Baiga Tribals in Amarkantak Meikal forest of
Madhya Pradesh (India). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology & Life Sciences 1(4) 14-15.
Kumar Sudhnshu and Goel AK (2008). A purview of odoriferous plants found around Itchagarh hills in
Ormanjhi block of Jharkhand. Ethnobotany 20(1&2) 135-137.
Meena AK and Rao MM (2010). Folk herbal medicines used by the Meena community in Rajasthan. Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines 5(1) 19-31.
Misra Sibanjini and Misra MK (2014). Ethno-botanical study of plants with edible underground parts
of south Odisha, India. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science 4(2) 51–58.
Indian Journal of Plant Sciences ISSN: 2319–3824(Online)
An Open Access, Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jps.htm
2015 Vol.4 (2) April -June, pp.36-45/Kumar
Research Article
© Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 45
Nashriyah M, Nur Athiqah MY, Syahril Amin H, Norhayati N, Azhar AWM and Khairil M (2011). Ethnobotany and distribution of Wild Edible Tubers in Pulau Redang and nearby islands of Terengganu,
Malaysia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 60 1832-1835. Padal SB, Ramakrishna H and Devender R (2012). Ethnomedicinal studies for endemic diseases by
the Munchingiputtu Mandal, Visakhapatanam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2(3) 453-459. Patil MV, Pawar S and Patil DA (2006). Ethnobotany of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze in North
Maharashtra,India. Natural Product Radiance 5(4) 323-325.
Pragada PM, Rao DS and Venkaiah M (2012). Study of some ethnomedicinal plants for treatment of
dysentery of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. International Journal of Biosciences 2(1) 18-24. Saikia B, Borthakur SK and Saikia N (2010). Medico-ethnobotany of Bodo tribals in Gohpur of
Sonitpur district, Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 9(1) 52-54.
Sarma TK and Sarkar AK (2002). Flora of Palamu district, Jharkhand. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
Sen SK and Behera LM (2008). Ethno medicinal plants used by the tribals of Bargarh district to cure
diarrhoea and dysentery. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 7(3) 425-428.
Singh NP, Mudgal V, Khanna KK, Srivatava SC, Sahoo AK, Bandopadhyay S, Aziz N, Das M,
Bhattacharya RP and Hazra PK (2001). Flora of Bihar Analysis, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
Sheikh N, Kumar Y, Misra AK and Pfoze L (2013). Phytochemical screening to validate the
ethnobotanical importance of root tubers of Dioscorea species of Meghalaya, North East India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 1(6) 62-69.
Sirirugsa P (1999). Available: http://www.iupac.org/symposia/proceedings/phuket97/sirirugsa.html.©
1999 IUPAC.