SURVEY OF LIVING CONDITIONSSURVEY OF LIVING CONDITIONS

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Company

LOGO

Poverty Study Methodology

Survey of Living ConditionsParticipatory Poverty AssessmentInstitutional AnalysisInstitutional AnalysisMacro-Economic and Social Analysis

Cross-section and Longitudinal Analysis

Methodology of SLC

Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute’s (CFNI) software (FOODPROG) was used to generate the minimum daily cost diet for an ad lt based on 2 400 kilocaloriesan adult based on 2,400 kilocalories.

The indigence or food poverty line for Trinidad was TT$8.22 per day, based on 2,400 kcal diet for an adult; For Tobago the food povertybased on 2,400 kcal diet for an adult; For Tobago the food poverty line was TT$11.49 per day.

The weighted daily cost of the food basket for Trinidad and Tobago is thus TT$8 35 per adultis thus TT$8.35 per adult.

Based on this figure, the monthly indigence line is estimated to be TT$255 (TT$3,060 annually).$ 55 ( $3,060 a ua y)

The reciprocal food share method was used to derive the poverty line of TT$665 per month.

Absolute Poverty

The Poverty Line comprises two parts:y p p

• Food Component (Indigence Line)

• Indigence + Non Food (Poverty Line)

CFNI FOODPROGCFNI FOODPROG

Adult Equivalence Scales

What are Equivalancy Scales

The needs of a household grow with each additional member but – due to economies of scale in consumption–pnot in a proportional way. Needs for housing space, electricity, etc. will not be three times as high for a household with three members than for a single person.with three members than for a single person.

With the help of equivalence scales each household type in th l ti i i d l i ti t it dthe population is assigned a value in proportion to its needs. The factors commonly taken into account to assign these values are the size of the household and the age of its

( )members (whether they are adults or children).

Adult Equivalence Scales

S t ti ll id tifi th t iti l i tSystematically identifies the nutritional requirementsappropriate to each respective member of a household

“normalize” the members of the household into theconcept referred to as “consumption per equivalentconcept referred to as consumption per equivalentmale”

An equivalence scale will measure the number of malesthat the household is deemed to be equivalent tothat the household is deemed to be equivalent to

Adult Equivalence Chart

Looking at Absolute Poverty

The definition of poverty will be based on Adult Equivalent PerThe definition of poverty will be based on Adult Equivalent Per Capita Expenditure

Total Expenditure for every household comprises Food andNon Food Expenditure

Food expenditure includes:Expenditure on food itemsExpenditure on food itemsValue of gifts of food items receivedValue of meals eaten outside the homeHome production

Non Food Expenditure Items

ClothingMedical ExpensesMedical ExpensesTransportationR tRentUtilitiesRecreationConsumer Durables

Treatment of Selected Non Food Items

T & I d t t tiTaxes & Insurance do not represent consumption and are excluded (do not contribute to welfare)

Expenditure on household durables such asExpenditure on household durables such as furniture household appliances and vehicles provide a flow of service over time. Only a percentage (20%) of value is allocated as current expenditure

Deriving Per Capita Adult Equivalence ExpenditureEquivalence Expenditure

Total Household Expenditure comprises: Total Food +

Total Non-Food Expenditure

Total Food Expenditure/adeq= AE Per Capita ExpTotal Food Expenditure/adeq= AE Per Capita Exp.

Sort/Arrange data file from lowest to highest per capita and

divide into five equal groupings (quintiles)

Computing The Indigence Line

Is the “Food” share of the Poverty LineIs derived using data obtained from surveyIs derived using data obtained from survey of food prices at major establishments

RPI surveySpecial survey executed in parallel with the SLC/HBS

Minimum Cost Food Basket

Conversion Units

Conversion Units cont’d

Computing the Indigence Line foran Adult Equivalent Householdq

The market cost per adult of the food basket isThe market cost per adult of the food basket ismultiplied by the households AE value to derive thedaily Indigence line for each household ($4 33 * 3 3)daily Indigence line for each household ($4.33 3.3)

This value is $14.29

$Annual Family Indigence Line is $5,215 (14.29 * 365)

Computing the Poverty Line

The non-food value of the Poverty Line is yderived by using multiplier derived from the food share of the two poorest quintilesshare of the two poorest quintiles

This value is multiplied by the Indigence Line to derive the Poverty Line

Computing the Poverty Line cont’d

Based on Indigence Line value at $1,580 per annum and food share of 3.2 for the poorest p40% the Poverty Line is derived as follows:

$1 580 * 3 2 $5 056$1,580 * 3.2 = $5,056

Poverty Estimates for Trinidad and Tobago (2005)Trinidad and Tobago (2005)

Estimates of Poverty2005

National%

Trinidad%

Tobago%

Indigence 1.2 1.3 0.00

Poverty 17.1 16.2 19.0

Socio-Economic Status by Sex

Socio Economic Status

Indigent Poor Vulnerable Non Poor Total Sex Male 49.4% 50.4% 50.3% 49.1% 49.4%

Female 50.0% 49.5% 49.7% 50.6% 50.3%

Not Stated.6% .1% 0% .3% .2%

TotalTotal 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Distribution of Population by Ethnicity and Socio Economic Statusand Socio Economic Status

Ethnicity Indigent Poor Vulnerable Non Poor TotalAfrican 31.0% 42.1% 36.6% 35.0% 36.2%

Indian 30 4% 30 2% 31 4% 38 4% 36 2%Indian 30.4% 30.2% 31.4% 38.4% 36.2%

Chinese .3% .2%

Syrian/Lebanese .1% .0%

Caucasian .0% .5% .3%

Mixed 38.6% 27.6% 31.9% 25.4% 26.6%

Other Ethnic .1% .1% .0%

Not Stated .0% .3% .3%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Distribution of Poor and Non Poor by Countyby County

County Poor Non Poor TotalCounty Poor Non Poor TotalPort of Spain 4.0% 3.8% 3.8%San Fernando 2.8% 4.7% 4.4%St George 27.4% 39.4% 37.3%Caroni 8.1% 15.2% 14.0%N i 4 3% 3 2% 3 4%Nariva 4.3% 3.2% 3.4%St. Andrew 11.9% 3.4% 4.9%Victoria 17.1% 14.7% 15.1%St Patrick 19.0% 10.9% 12.3%Tobago 5.2% 4.7% 4.8%Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Mean Age at First Birth by Socio Economic StatusEconomic Status

Per Capita Consumption Quintiles Mean AgeI 21

II 21

III 2222

IV 22

V 23V 23

Total 22

Labour Force Participation Rate by Sex and Quintilesby Sex and Quintiles

FEMALE Consumption Quintile

Labour Force Participation I II III IV V TotalIn Labour Force

45.6% 46.8% 50.4% 50.5% 50.1% 48.9%

Not in labour Force 54.4% 53.2% 49.6% 49.5% 49.9% 51.1%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Labour Force Participation Rate by Sex and Quintilesby Sex and Quintiles

BOTH SEXES I II III IV V Total In Labour Force

54.9% 58.0% 59.3% 59.1% 58.9% 58.1%54.9% 58.0% 59.3% 59.1% 58.9% 58.1%

Not in labour Force 45.1% 42.0% 40.7% 40.9% 41.1% 41.9%

TotalTotal 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Employment Status Participation Rate by Sex and Quintiles Femaleby Sex and Quintiles - Female

FEMALE Consumption Quintile

E l t St t I II III IV V T t lEmployment Status I II III IV V TotalEmployed

79.2% 88.3% 91.0% 92.4% 95.5% 89.9%

U l dUnemployed 20.8% 11.7% 9.0% 7.6% 4.5% 10.1%

Total100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Employment Status Participation Rate by Sex and Quintiles - Both Sexesby Sex and Quintiles - Both Sexes

BOTH SEXES Consumption Quintile

Employment Status I II III IV V TotalEmployed 82.7% 91.3% 92.2% 94.2% 96.2% 91.7%

Unemployed 17.3% 8.7% 7.8% 5.8% 3.8% 8.3%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Distribution of the Employed and Unemployed Poor by County and Sex

BOTH SEXESBOTH SEXES

COUNTY Employed Unemployed Total

Port of Spain 2.8% 8.8% 3.9%

San Fernando 4.0% 1.3% 3.4%

St George 31.6% 22.5% 29.9%

Caroni 7.5% 2.5% 6.5%

Nariva 4.1% 3.8% 4.0%

St. Andrew 11.4% 11.9% 11.5%

Victoria 15.2% 20.0% 16.1%

St Patrick 16.7% 28.1% 18.9%

Tobago 6.7% 1.3% 5.7%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Distribution of the Employed and Unemployed Poor by County and SexUnemployed Poor by County and Sex

FEMALEFEMALE

County Employed Unemployed Total

Port of Spain 2.7% 8.9% 4.1%

San Fernando 3.4% 1.3% 2.9%

St George 35.7% 25.3% 33.3%

Caroni 6.8% 2.5% 5.8%

Nariva 3.4% 2.6%

St. Andrew 7.6% 13.9% 9.1%

Victoria 14.8% 21.5% 16.4%

St Patrick 16.7% 24.1% 18.4%

Tobago 8.7% 2.5% 7.3%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Highest Examination Passed by QuintilesQuintiles

BOTH SEXES Per Capita Consumption Quintiles

Highest Examination Passed I II III IV V Total

None14.3% 12.5% 10.5% 10.0% 7.3% 10.9%

Common Entrance 13.3% 11.9% 10.8% 7.2% 5.9% 9.8%

SEA 7.9% 6.5% 6.5% 5.4% 4.3% 6.1%

School Leaving 4.1% 3.6% 3.8% 4.4% 4.3% 4.0%

CXC Basic 2.1% 2.8% 3.3% 2.5% 2.5% 2.6%

CXC General/GCE 12 0% 17 4% 19 4% 20 3% 19 7% 17 8%CXC General/GCE 12.0% 17.4% 19.4% 20.3% 19.7% 17.8%

A Levels .6% 1.0% 1.5% 3.1% 4.6% 2.2%

Certificate 1.7% 3.3% 4.8% 6.5% 6.6% 4.6%

Diploma .4% 1.4% 3.1% 3.6% 6.9% 3.1%

Associate Degree .1% .3% .6% .8% 1.4% .6%

Undergraduate Degree .0% .3% .4% 1.6% 4.9% 1.4%

Masters Degree .0% .1% .0% .8% 2.1% .6%

phD 1% 0% 2% 1%phD .1% .0% .2% .1%

Other .6% .7% .9% 1.0% 1.7% 1.0%

Not Stated 42.8% 38.1% 34.2% 32.7% 27.6% 35.1%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Labour Force Participation of H h ld H d b S d Q i tilHousehold Heads by Sex and Quintiles

FEMALE Consumption Quintile

Labour Force Participation I II III IV V TotalIn Labour Force

46.9% 54.3% 46.2% 44.7% 46.0% 47.3%

Not in labour Force53.1% 45.7% 53.8% 55.3% 54.0% 52.7%

Total100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Labour Force Participation of Household Heads by Sex and QuintilesHousehold Heads by Sex and Quintiles

BOTH SEXES Per Capita Consumption Quintiles

Labour Force Participation I II III IV V Total

In Labour Force59.2% 66.3% 61.5% 61.0% 61.6% 61.9%

Not in labour Force 40.8% 33.7% 38.5% 39.0% 38.4% 38.1%

Total100 0% 100 0% 100 0% 100 0% 100 0% 100 0%100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Distribution of Heads of Household by Socio Economic Status and CountySocio Economic Status and County

BOTH SEXES Socio Economic StatusBOTH SEXES Socio-Economic Status

County Indigent Poor Vulnerable Non Poor Total

Port of Spain 12.0% 3.2% 2.4% 3.8% 3.6%

San Fernando 2.4% 2.7% 5.5% 4.9%

St George 12.0% 27.9% 41.3% 38.1% 37.1%

Caroni 4.0% 8.8% 7.8% 14.9% 13.6%

Nariva 4.0% 4.8% 6.8% 2.6% 3.2%

St. Andrew 24.0% 11.7% 4.4% 3.7% 4.7%

Victoria 8.0% 18.0% 16.0% 14.4% 14.9%

St Patrick 36.0% 18.0% 16.0% 11.3% 12.5%

Tobago 5.3% 2.4% 5.8% 5.5%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%Total

Sources of Income I II III IV V

Gross Monthly Income - Main Job 76.7 76.8 78.8 72.9 73.9 75.1

Gross Monthly Income - Secondary Job 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.3

Gross Monthly Income - Other Job 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1Public Assistance 2.4 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.6Public Assistance 2.4 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.6

Old Age Pension 4.5 4.8 6.3 4.4 3.9 4.6

Worker Retirement Benefit 4.5 2.5 2.1 6.4 5.1 4.51 5 1 7 1 8 2 6 1 9 2 01.5 1.7 1.8 2.6 1.9 2.0

Disability Grant 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4Other 0.6 5.4 1.7 2.8 1.6 2.3Parents Abroad 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 2.4 1.7Other Relatives Abroad 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.9 3.0 2.4Relatives & Friends in TT 2.7 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.4 2.1

Lottery and Other Games of Chance 0.2 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.8 0.9Other Sources 2.0 0.8 0.8 2.0 2.8 1.9Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0