Sustainable Architectural Materials · materials(both structural andnonstructural)targeted for diversion. Approximate a percentage of the overall project waste that these materials

SustainableArchitecturalMaterials

© Copyright 2013, CaraGreen, Carrboro, North Carolina 2

Our Mission

Create availability of sustainable alternatives to conventional building materials

Identify the best existing and emerging materialsSimplify the product selection process by serving as a resource for education and information

Increase building sustainability, create healthier spaces, and reduce carbon through more effective use of materials.


Best Practice

CaraGreen is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion

of this program will be reported to CES records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non‐AIA members are available upon

request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material

of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the

conclusion of this presentation.


Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display

and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© CaraGreen 2013

5

Building Materials for Sustainable Interiors


Learning Objectives

Why Focus on Interior Materials?

Understand Materials and Resources Credits Overhaul in LEED v4

Optimize material selection for LEED Credits and reduced environmental impact

Understand the impact of material selection when designing sustainable spaces


The Impact of Buildings

Source: USGBC Website

Existing buildings consume: Green Building can have a huge impact:


The Impact of Building: Interior Spaces – Environmental Health

Today: Very little is recycled, much is incinerated or dumped into landfillsToday: Very little is recycled, much is incinerated or dumped into landfills

Ideally: All is recycled or reused in new materials or composted and recoveredIdeally: All is recycled or reused in new materials or composted and recovered

Choose products that use minimal raw materials (i.e., reused, reclaimed, recycled) and those that have an end‐of‐life plan for disposal of the material.


Economic Considerations and ROI of Building Green

Operating costs Building value ROI Occupancy Rent

New construction drop 13.6% rises 10.9% improves 9.9% rises 6.4% rises 6.1%

Existing building projects drop 8.5% rises 6.8% improves 2.5% rises 1% rises 19.2%

Source: McGraw Hill Construction (2010). Green Outlook 2011: Green Trends Driving Growth.

The cost benefits of building green…. (according to building owners)


LEED Rating Systems – v4

Credit CategoriesIntegrative Process (new!)

Location and Transportation (new!)Sustainable sitesWater efficiency

Energy & atmosphereMaterials & resources

Indoor environmental quality

Two bonus credit categoriesInnovation in design or innovation in operations

Regional priority


Commercial and Policy Driven Adoption of LEED

0500

100015002000250030003500400045005000

GreenSchools

HigherEducation

Fed. Govt State Govt Local Govt

LEED Projects ‐ Government and Schools

Registered

Certified

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Commercial

LEED Projects ‐ Commercial

Registered

Certified

400+ Localities, 30+ States, 14 Federal Agencies with LEED initiatives

Over 184,000 Total LEED Projects(Registered and Certified)

USGBC Market Update – March 2013


But the focus of LEED v4 moves to Transparency (Disclosure and Optimization) in Material Reporting and Life Cycle Impacts

Materials in Construction

Materials Use Buildings use 40% of global raw

materials (3B tons/yr)

Waste 36M tons/yr of building‐related construction and demolition debris is generated in the U.S.

Source: Lenssen and Roodman (1995). Worldwatch Paper 124: A Building Revolution: How Ecology and Health Concerns are Transforming Construction. WorldwatchInstitute

LEED (MR) has focused on choosing materials with sustainable attributes:

Recycled, Reused, Reclaimed, Rapidly Renewable, Sustainably Harvested

The issues remain the same

13

LEED: Materials and Resources


Materials & Resources (MR) – LEED 2009

MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables Required

MR Credit 1.1: Building Reuse – Maintain Existing Walls, Floors, Roof ` 1 ‐ 3 pts

MR Credit 1.2: Building Reuse – Maintain Interior Nonstructural Elements 1 pt

MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management 1 – 2 pts

MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse 1 – 2 pts

MR Credit 4: Recycled Content 1 – 2 pts

MR Credit 5: Regional Materials 1 – 2 pts

MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials 1 pt

MR Credit 7: Certified Wood 1 pt

Up to 14 points available for materials and resources


Materials & Resources (MR) – LEED v4

MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables Required

MR Prerequisite 2: Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Planning Required

MR Credit: Building Life Cycle Impact Reduction Up to 5pts

MR Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization

Sourcing of Raw Materials up to 2 pts

Environmental Product Declarations up to 2 pts

Material Ingredients up to 2 pts

MR Credit: Construction and Demolition Waste Management up to 2 pts


LEED V4 MR Changes – In a Nutshell

“The benefits of recycling old tires are obvious. It saves energy. It avoids new or additional toxic manufacturing inputs. Recycling also forestalls landfilling tire waste. Tire dumps pollute groundwater and can catch fire and smolder for months or even years.”

“But there is a flip side to this equation that has, to date, been poorly considered: tires contain a host of toxic ingredients to which people may be exposed when this material is brought into homes, schools, gyms and offices.*”

Old Rating Systems Reward Single Attribute ‐ “Recycled”

New Systems take a Look at the Product over it’s Lifetime

Old Rating Systems Reward Single Attribute ‐ “Recycled”

New Systems take a Look at the Product over it’s Lifetime*Healthy Building Network, “Avoiding Contaminants in Tire-Derived Flooring,” Vallette,Jim


So many words, so little time!Let’s look at the new credits


MR Prerequisite Credits

Storage and Collection of Recyclables

Intent

To reduce the waste that is generated by building occupants and hauled to and disposed of in landfills.

Requirements

Provide dedicated areas accessible to waste haulers and building occupants for the collection and storage of recyclable materials for the entire building.

Collection and storage areas may be separate locations.

Recyclable materials must include mixed paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals.

Take appropriate measures for the safe collection, storage, and disposal of two of the following: batteries, mercury‐containing lamps, and electronic waste.

Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Planning

Intent

To reduce construction and demolition waste disposed of in landfills and incineration facilities by recovering, reusing, and recycling materials.

Requirements

Develop and implement a construction and demolition waste management plan:

Establish waste diversion goals for the project by identifying at least five materials (both structural and nonstructural) targeted for diversion. Approximate a percentage of the overall project waste that these materials represent. Specify whether materials will be separated or comingled and describe the diversion strategies planned for the project. Describe where the material will be taken and how the recycling facility will process the material.

Provide a final report detailing all major waste streams generated, including disposal and diversion rates.

Alternative daily cover (ADC) does not qualify as material diverted from disposal. Land‐clearing debris is not considered construction, demolition, or renovation waste that can contribute to waste diversion.

Storage and Collection of Recyclables

Safe collection and storage of batteries, mercury-containing lamps, electronic waste

Paper, cardboard, glass plastic metal

Construction and Demolition Waste Management and

Planning

Report on alll waste streams and how much is generated and diverted.

PLAN TO Divert Materials from Landfills and Incineration Facilities


Option 1. Historic Building Reuse (5 points BD&C, 6 points Core and Shell)

Option 2. Renovation of Abandoned or Blighted Building (5 points BD&C, 6 points Core and Shell)

Option 3. Building and Material Reuse (1–4 points BD&C, 1-5 points Core and Shell)

Reuse or salvage building materials from off site or on site as a percentage of the surface area, as listed in Table 1. Include structural elements (e.g., floors, roof decking), enclosure materials (e.g., skin, framing), and permanently installed interior elements (e.g., walls, doors, floor coverings, ceiling systems). Exclude from the calculation window assemblies and any hazardous materials that are remediated as a part of the project. Materials contributing toward this credit may not contribute toward MR Credit Material Disclosure and Optimization.

Option 4: Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (3 points)

Minimum of 10% reduction in at least three of the six impact measures listed below, one of which must be global warming potential. No impact category assessed as part of the life-cycle assessment may increase by more than 5% compared with the reference building.

• global warming potential (greenhouse gases), in CO2e;• depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, in kg CFC-11;• acidification of land and water sources, in moles H+ or kg SO2;• eutrophication, in kg nitrogen or kg phosphate;• formation of tropospheric ozone, in kg NOx or kg ethene; and• depletion of nonrenewable energy resources, in MJ.

MR Credit: Building Life Cycle Impact Reduction (possible 5 points)

Historic Building Reuse (5pts)

Renovate Abandoned or Blighted Building (5 pts)

Building and Materials Reuse (1-4 pts)

Whole Building LCA (3pts)

10% 10% 10%


Currently these programs are not yet defined (can’t get this option yet)

MR Credit 2: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization‐ Environmental Product Declarations (possible 2 points)

(Base product value * valuation factor based on attribute criteria)*(valuation factor based on location)

IntentTo encourage the use of products and materials for which life-cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life-cycle impacts. To reward project teams for selecting products from manufacturers who have verified improved environmental life-cycle impacts.

Requirements

Option 1. Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) (1 point) - min 20 products with the following:Product-specific declaration (valued at ¼ of a product)Industry-wide (generic) EPD (valued at ½ of a product) Product-specific Type III EPD (valued at 1 whole product) USGBC approved program - other EPD frameworks approved by USGBC

Option 2. Multi-attribute Optimization (1 point) - products with at least one of attributes below for 50%, by cost, of the total value of products in the project.

Third party certified program or USGBC approved program. –Certifications that verify impact reduction below industry average in at least three of the following:

global warming potential, depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, acidification of land and water sources, eutrophication, formation of tropospheric ozone, depletion of nonrenewable energy resources.

Calculation: Products are valued according to source location: (100 mi – 200%; domestic and 150mi – 150%)

Structure and enclosure materials may not constitute more than 30% of the value of compliant building products

Option 1Minimum of 20 products with EPDs

Industry Wide EPD

Product Specific Type III EPD

Option 2Multi‐attribute Optimization


Intent

To encourage the use of products and materials for which life cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life cycle impacts. To reward project teams for selecting products verified to have been extracted or sourced in a responsible manner.

Requirements

● Option 1. Raw Material Source and Extraction Reporting (1 point) –min 20 products with report including:

◗ Raw material supplier extraction locations◗ A commitment to long‐term ecologically responsible land use◗ A commitment to reducing environmental harms from extraction and/or manufacturing◗ A commitment to meeting applicable standards or programs that address responsible sourcing criteria◗ Products valued as follows:

– Manufacturer declared reports (1/2 of a product)– Third‐party verified corporate sustainability reports (CSR) (1 whole product)

● Option 2. Leadership Extraction Practices (1 point) ‐ products that meet at least one of the responsible extraction criteria below for at least 25%, by cost, of the total value of products in the project.

◗ Extended producer responsibility. (valued at 50% of their cost.) (recycling, take back programs)◗ Bio‐based materials: (Sustainable Agricultural Network Standard, ASTM Test D6866, legally harvested.)◗ New wood products: FSC or USGBC Approved Equivalent◗ Materials reuse◗ Recycled content

Calculation: Products are valued according to source location: (100 mi – 200%; domestic and 150mi – 150%)

MR Credit 3: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization‐ Sourcing of Raw Materials (possible 2 points)

(Base product value * valuation factor based on attribute criteria)*(valuation factor based on location)

Option 1. Raw Material Source and Extraction (1 point) Corporate Sustainability Reports (CSRs)

Minimum of 20 products

Manufacturer declared reports (1/2 of a product)

Third-party verified (CSR) (1 whole product)

Option 2. Leadership Extraction Practices (1 point)

Min 25% of products by cost

Extended Producer Responsibility – recycling, take back programs

Bio-based materials, New wood products (FSC or USGBC Approved Equivalent), Materials Reuse, Recycled Content

MR CreditMR CreditMR CreditMR Credit

MR Credit: Option 2:Leadership Extraction Practices

LEED 2009Rapidly RenewableRecycled ContentFSCMaterials Reuse

LEED v4


Not yet defined (can’t get this option yet) – Working Group underway

MR Credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization‐Material Ingredients (possible 2 points)

IntentTo encourage the use of products and materials for which life-cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life-cycle impacts. To reward project teams for selecting products for which the chemical ingredients in the product are inventoried using an accepted methodology and for selecting products verified to minimize the use and generation of harmful substances. To reward raw material manufacturers with products verified to have improved life-cycle impacts.RequirementsOption 1. Material Ingredient Reporting (1 point) – min 20 products that use one of the following to demonstrate the chemical inventory of the products.

• Manufacturer Inventory – a publicly available inventory identified by name and Chemical Abstract Service Registration Number (CASRN) (Materials defined as trade secret or intellectual property may withhold the name and/or CASRN but must disclose role, amount and GreenScreen benchmark, as defined in GreenScreen v1.2)

• Health Product Declaration : complies with HPD Open standard• Cradle to Cradle; certified at C2C V2 Basic, or C2C v3 Bronze• USGBC approved program.

Option 2: Material Ingredient Optimization (1 point) - products that document their material ingredient optimization using paths below for at least 25%, by cost, of the total value of products in the project.

• GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark (No ingredients have Benchmark 1 hazards –value at 100% of cost; All ingredients pass full benchmark – value at 150% of cost)

• Cradle to Cradle v2 Certified (Gold: value at 100% of cost, Platinum: value at 150% of cost)• Cradle to Cradle v3 Certified. (Silver: 100% of cost, Gold or Platinum: 150% of cost• Intl. Alternative Compliance Path – REACH Optimization (no ingredients on REACH list: value at 150% of cost.)• USGBC approved program.

Option 3: Product Manufacturer Supply Chain Optimization (1 point) - products sourced from manufacturers who procure raw materials from suppliers meeting criteria below for at least 25%, by cost, of total value of permanently installed products in project.

Manufacturers engage in validated and robust safety, health, hazard, and risk programs and document at least 99% by weight of the ingredients used to make the building product or building material are sourced from companies with independent third party verification along the manufacturer supply chain.

Options 2 and 3 can be combined to reach 25%, by cost, of the total value of permanently installed products in the project for a total of 1 point. Products can only contribute to one option and for Options 2 and 3, products that meet above criteria may receive additional value according to source location (extraction, manufacture, and purchase point must be within the distances noted): Products sourced within 100mi of project site valued at 200% of cost

Option 1. Material Ingredient Reporting (1 point)Min 20 products that list the chemical inventory of products using:

• Manufacturer Inventory• Health Product Declaration• Cradle to Cradle; v2 Basic or v3 Bronze

Option 2: Material Ingredient Optimization (1 point) -Min 25% (cost) of products document their material ingredient optimization using paths below:

• GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark • Cradle to Cradle v2 Gold and up• Cradle to Cradle v3 Silver and up• Intl. Alternative Compliance Path – REACH

Optimization

Option 3: Product Manufacturer Supply Chain Optimization (1 point) –Min 25% of products (cost) sourced from manufacturers who procure raw materials from suppliers meeting criteria below Safety, health, hazard, and risk programs Document at least 99% by weight of the ingredients are sourced from companies with independent third party verification along the manufacturer supply chain.


MR Credit: Construction and Demolition Waste Management(possible 2 points)

Intent

To reduce construction and demolition waste disposed of in landfills and incineration facilities by recovering, reusing, and recycling materials.

Requirements

Recycle and/or salvage nonhazardous construction and demolition materials. Calculations can be by weight or volume but must be consistent throughout. Exclude excavated soil, land‐clearing debris, and alternative daily cover (ADC). Include wood waste converted to fuel (biofuel) in the calculations; other types of waste‐to‐energy are not considered diversion for this credit.

Option 1. Diversion (1–2 points)

● Path 1. Divert 50% and Three Material Streams (1 point) ‐ Divert at least 50% of the total construction and demolition material; diverted materials must include at least three material streams.

● Path 2. Divert 75% and Four Material Streams (2 points) ‐ Divert at least 75% of the total construction and demolition material; diverted materials must include at least four material streams.

Option 2. Reduction of Total Waste Material (2 points) ‐ Do not generate more than 2.5 pounds of construction waste per square foot (12.2 kilograms of waste per square meter) of the building’s floor area.

Option 1: Path 1 Option 1: Path 2

Divert 3 Material Streams

(Min 50% waste/demo material)

1 pt

Divert 4 Material Streams

(Min 75% waste/demo material)

2 pts

Option 2

Reduction of Total Waste Material(Generate less that 2.5lbs of construction

waste per sq ft of floor area)

2 pts


Low Emitting Materials – up to 3pts

Category Threshold Emissions and content requirements

Interior paints and coatings applied on site

At least 90%, by volume, for emissions; 100% for VOC content

•General Emissions Evaluation for paints and coatings applied to walls, floors, and ceilings•VOC content requirements for wet applied products

Interior adhesives and sealants applied on site (including flooring adhesive)

At least 90%, by volume, for emissions; 100% for VOC content

•General Emissions Evaluation•VOC content requirements for wet applied products

Flooring 100% General Emissions Evaluation

Composite wood 100% not covered by other categories Composite Wood Evaluation

Ceilings, walls, thermal, and acoustic insulation 100%

•General Emissions Evaluation•Healthcare, Schools onlyAdditional insulation requirements

Furniture (include in calculations if part of scope of work) At least 90%, by cost Furniture Evaluation

Healthcare and Schools only:Exterior applied products At least 90%, by volume Exterior Applied Products

IntentTo reduce concentrations of chemical contaminants that can damage air quality, human health, productivity, and the environment.

RequirementsThis credit includes requirements for product manufacturing as well as project teams. It covers VOC emissions into indoor air and the VOC content of materials, as well as the testing methods by which indoor VOC emissions are determined. The building interior and exterior are organized in seven categories, each with different thresholds of compliance.

Option 1. Product Category CalculationsAchieve the threshold level of compliance with emissions and content standards

(Meet 2 (1pt), Meet 4 (2pts), Meet 5 (3pts)

Percentage of total (Surface area, each layer) Points

≥ 50% and < 70% 1

≥ 70% and < 90% 2

≥ 90% 3

Option 2. Budget Calculation MethodIf some products in a category do not meet the

criteria, project teams may use the budget calculation method.

The budget method organizes the building interior into (up to) six assemblies: flooring, ceilings, walls, insulation ‐ furniture (and

exterior applied products)

Detailed calculation steps and standards for compliance for each assembly can be

found in the LEED v4 credit detail.


LEED MR – In Summary

Plan and execute a Recycling Strategy

Limit strain on new resources (building stock)

Disclose Then Optimize

26

What are the problems with building materials

today?


Traditional Building Materials are not “Friendly”

Concrete | Gypsum | Raw SteelHardwoods | Natural Stone

Fiberglass – Petroleum‐based materials

Finite Resources

High Embodied Energy

ToxicCarcinogen

And we Don’t Know Much About Them!

28

Building Materials and Alternatives Today and in

the Future


Concrete, Gypsum, Steel “Alternatives”

Concrete: High recycled content, local● Fly ash can replace up to 30% Portland Cement

◗ By‐product of coal production (flue gas)

Gypsum: High recycled content, local● Up to 75‐100% (including paper)● Fly ash as a filler in “synthetic” or “recycled” gypsum

Steel: High recycled content, local● Up to 95% recycled, average is 66% (1/4 energy to recycle)


Issues with Natural Stone

Extraction

Transportation

Cutting and Finishing

Alternatives to Natural Stone

Recycled glass + concrete

Compressed paper + plant‐based resins

Recycled aggregate + concrete

Finite resource

Harvesting practices

Heavy to transport

Energy Intensive to process


Issues with Hardwoods

Finite resource

Harvesting practices

Regrowth cycle

Alternatives to Hardwoods

Reclaimed Woods

Sustainably Harvested

Bio‐based Materials


Issues with Petroleum Based Products

Countertops: Solid Surface, Engineered Stone (resins)● Recycled Content (stone, plastic)● Plant‐based resins as binders● Paper‐based, concrete‐based etc.

Carpets ● Recycled Content (soda bottles, used carpet)● Rapidly Renewable (cotton, wool)

Vinyl Composition Tile (VCT)● Linoleum (flax‐based, linseed oil)

Alternatives to Petroleum Based

Recycled Content, Bio‐based materials

Energy Intensive

Natural Resources ‐ Petroleum

Chemicals involved in process

33© Copyright 2013, CaraGreen, Carrboro, North Carolina

Issues with Fiberglass

Alternatives to Fiberglass

Bio‐based Materials

Human Health – Carcinogen, Irritant

Petroleum Based material


So….What do these materials need for LEED v4?

TRANSPARENCY

Shipped from China, on a plane

Poor labor practices

Contain phthalates

Manufacturing practice pollutes local waterways

Don’t recycle

Emit VOCs when installed

Contain PVC

Clearcutting practices

Contain 30% recycled materials

Source from suppliers with health, safety

programs

Meet sustainability guidelines and standards

Have take back programs

Reduced impact in three categories: GWP,

acidification and depletion on non-renewable energy

Eliminated PBTs in material

Eliminated VOCs


Disclosure then Optimization

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization

Sourcing of Raw Materials Environmental Product Declarations Material Ingredients

Option 1: Raw Material Extraction Reporting – Responsible land use, reduce impacts, meet standards

Option 1: Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

• Industry‐wide (generic) EPD • Product‐specific • Type III EPD

Option 1: Reporting using• Manufacturer Inventory• Health Product Declaration : • Cradle to Cradle; certified at C2C

V2 Silver Level

Option 2: Leadership Extraction Practices–legally harvested bio‐based, FSC (or approved equivalent), Materials reuse,Recycled content

Option 2: Multi‐attribute Optimization• Extended producer responsibility.

(recycling, take back programs)

• Certifications that verify impact reduction in at least three categories

Option 2: Material Ingredient Optimization

• GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark • Cradle to Cradle v2 Certified• Cradle to Cradle v3 Certified• Intl. Alternative Compliance Path

– REACH OptimizationOption 3: Product Manufacturer Supply Chain Optimization

• source from suppliers with Safety, health, hazard, and risk programs verified by 3rd parties


Disclosure and Optimization

Disclosure:

Noun

1.The action of making new or secret information known.2.A fact, esp. a secret, that is made known.

Optimization:

Noun

Finding an alternative with the most cost effective or highest achievable performance under the given constraints, by maximizing desired factors and minimizing undesired ones.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/optimization.html#ixzz2ReL2G0Z3

Even Bad News Can be Disclosed for Credit. Optimization is the Goal.

(Reporting)

(Practices)


Disclosure ‐ Sample EPD – Transparency BriefNote this is a summary, the

full EPD is 10-12 pages


Disclosure

Environmental Product Declarations:

An environmental product declaration (EPD) is a statement of a product’s ‘ingredients’ and environmental impacts across its lifecycle. In the same way that nutritional labels help consumers compare the health benefits of food items, an EPD enables them to compare the environmental impacts of products.

An EPD is not another eco‐label. It is a statement of fact about the environmental impacts of a product. There are no ratings, claims or judgement calls to be made, as there are with eco‐labels: an EPD itself doesn’t tell you whether a product is good or bad, green or polluting; it just provides the facts to enable better informed decisions.‐Full Product Transparency, Ramon Arratia, December 2012


Disclosure and Optimization

Disclosure:

Noun

1.The action of making new or secret information known.2.A fact, esp. a secret, that is made known.

Optimization:

Noun

Finding an alternative with the most cost effective or highest achievable performance under the given constraints, by maximizing desired factors and minimizing undesired ones.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/optimization.html#ixzz2ReL2G0Z3

Even Bad News Can be Disclosed for Credit. Optimization is the Goal.

(Reporting)

(Practices)


Optimization

Building Product Disclosure and Optimization

Sourcing of Raw Materials Environmental Product Declarations Material Ingredients

Option 1: Raw Material Extraction Reporting – Responsible land use, reduce impacts, meet standards

Option 1: Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

• Industry‐wide (generic) EPD • Product‐specific • Type III EPD

Option 1: Reporting using• Manufacturer Inventory• Health Product Declaration : • Cradle to Cradle; certified at C2C

V2 Silver Level

Option 2: Leadership Extraction Practices–legally harvested bio‐based, FSC (or approved equivalent), Materials reuse,Recycled content

Option 2: Multi‐attribute Optimization• Extended producer responsibility.

(recycling, take back programs)

• Certifications that verify impact reduction in at least three categories

Option 2: Material Ingredient Optimization

• GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark • Cradle to Cradle v2 Certified• Cradle to Cradle v3 Certified• Intl. Alternative Compliance Path

– REACH OptimizationOption 3: Product Manufacturer Supply Chain Optimization

• source from suppliers with Safety, health, hazard, and risk programs verified by 3rd parties

41

So …. How do I find materials with “transparency”?


It’s Easy!!

No, It’s Not…..


Optimization in Practice

Local, Reclaimed(FSC) Flooring

FSC / NAF Bamboo Plywood

Low VOC Paints and Sealants

Cotton/DenimInsulation

Local, Recycled Cement/GlassCountertops

Recycled glass or ceramic Tile

Low VOC Furnishings

LED and low energy lighting

Imagine all these products had EPDs and were C2C Platinum…..


Are the sustainable materials we use today going to meet the requirements put in place for the future.

They Can. We Need to Help.

Manufacturers need to work together to build the infrastructure:• LEED requires information and then better choices•Architects and Designers need to push manufacturers to comply•Critical mass will drive adoption


Summary

LEED Materials and Resources Credits have changed

The intent is more disclosure, more transparencyA side‐effect is more complicated documentation and understanding

There is a need for education which will lead to adoption of standards and best practices


Thank You

Questions?

This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Program


Resources

USGBC LEED Reference Guides – LEED 2009 and LEED v4

LEEDUser.com

McGraw‐Hill Construction


Visit Our Design Showroom

www.caragreen.com

919‐929‐3009109 Brewer LaneCarrboro, NC

49

Backup – LEED 2009


MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables

Provide a dedicated area for collection and storage of materials for recyclables for entire building, including at a minimum: cardboard, glass, plastics, metals

Easy to Achieve

● Provide just one space to store recycling● No specific sq. ft. required although LEED Reference Guide

provides recommended square footage based on building size ● To size this space properly, consider the building’s needs and

recommendations from local recycling provider● Do not have to implement a recycling program


MR Credit 1.1: Building Reuse—Maintain Existing Walls, Floors & Roof

Existing Building?

Does it qualify?

● New addition is no more than 2x the existing building square footage Calculate % based on surface area

● Includes: structural floor, roof decking, exterior skin, framing● Does not include: window assemblies, non‐structural roof decking and hazardous

materials removed from structure/site

Ensure drawings and specifications indicate items to be save

LEED‐CI Variation – Tenant Space‐Long Term Commitment – 10 Year Lease

Building Reuse Points

55% 1

75% 2

95% 3


MR Credit 1.2: Building Reuse—Maintain Interior Non‐Structural Elements

Based on area of completed building (including additions)● Includes: interior walls, floor coverings and ceiling systems

Additions can not be more than 2x existing building square footage Materials can be relocated from other areas (movable wall, door) Materials must be used for original purpose (ex. door is a door)

● See Material Reuse credit 3

If 50% requirement not met, reused materials may be used toward MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management

Related Consideration: EQc8.1 and 8.2: Daylight and Views● The layout of existing interior non‐structural elements such as walls and doors

may reduce daylight penetration

LEED CI Variation – Points given at 40% and 60%

Interior Building Reuse Points

50% 1

.


MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management

Recycling, donating, salvaging or resale. Based on weight or volume, but consistent throughout Plan must document what will be diverted from disposal, sorted on site,

and co‐mingled● Includes non‐hazardous materials from construction and demolition, crushed

masonry, concrete and asphalt

● Does not include hazardous materials or excavated soil / debris

Retain verification records from haulers for recycled materials Can include reused materials if did not qualify for MR 1.1 and MR1.2

Recycled or Salvaged Waste Points

50% 1

75% 2

95% Innovation (EP)Point Available


Materials and Resources Credits 3‐7 “Rules”

Material cost defaults to 45% of construction costs if not known

Credits are based on $ value of materials

Percentage of material by weight that meets criteria is used

Materials must be permanently installed on site

Assemblies must be broken down into individual components

For LEED NC, furniture can be included (doesn’t have to be), If used, must be used consistently

For LEED CI, furniture must be included unless noted otherwise. If not noted, CI credit is the same as NC with noted furniture exception.

Mechanical, electrical, plumbing and specialty items, such as elevators and equipment are NOT included


MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse

Salvaged, refurbished or reused materials Materials reused for a different purpose that original use (door as a desk) Reused materials from off‐site (must have been used), can be relocated

from another facility, or used outside of a building Based on cost of materials: Actual cost or replacement value Easy to achieve if salvaged materials are right for the project May need to identify and procure items in the design phase (beams, etc.) LEED CI Variation –

● MR Credit 3.1 – same except specifically excludes furniture● MR Credit 3.2 ‐ Salvaged/refurbished/reused furniture = 30% of furniture and

furnishings budget

Materials Reuse Points

5% 1

10% 2

15% Innovation (EP)Point


MR Credit 4: Recycled Content

Includes portion of material that is recycled (as a percentage by weight)

Post‐Consumer + ½ Pre‐Consumer

10% relatively easy to achieve with concrete and steel

● Steel products are only products that have a default %: 25% (post‐consumer), can be much higher

20% very attainable with other big ticket items

● Gypsum wallboard has about 10%; up to 98% in synthetic gypsum● Flooring and other finishes

Recycled Content Points

10% 1

20% 2



MR Credit 5: Regional Materials

Extracted/processed/harvested /recovered/manufactured within 500 miles

Reused and salvaged materials from Materials Reuse can be applied

● Location from which they were salvaged is used as point of manufacture● Location where originally manufactured is used as point of extraction

Consider big ticket items such as Concrete, Gypsum, Plywood

LEED CI Variation –

● Option 1‐ 20% of construction and furniture materials manufactured within 500 miles

● Option 2 – 10% of construction and furniture materials extracted/ processed/harvested/recovered/manufactured within 500 miles

Regional Materials Points

10% 1

20% 2



MR Credit 6: Rapidly Renewable Materials

Materials that are typically planted and harvested within a 10‐year cycle

Consider materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation, agrifiber, linoleum, wheatboard, strawboard and cork

Easy to achieve – possibly with one item:

● Cotton insulation for interior insulation and sound attenuation● Flooring (bamboo, cork or linoleum)● Feature wall or case work with rapidly renewable panels

LEED CI Variation – Point is earned at 5% level

Rapidly Renewable Materials

Points

2.5% 1



MR Credit 7: Certified Wood

Meets Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Principles and Criteria

Flooring, structural and dimensional framing, sub flooring, doors, cabinetry and other finishes

Chain of custody must be provided by entire supply chain for products

Easy to achieve is little wood is used on project (high rise, metal stud construction) – focus on doors and cabinetry

For more wood intensive projects seek local FSC sources and focus on big ticket items

Certified Wood Points

50% 1



Summary: 14 Materials & Resources Credits, 6 EP points

Building Reuse Points

55% 1

75% 2

95% 3

Interior Building Reuse Points

50% 1

Recycled/Salvaged Points

50% 1

75% 2


Materials Reuse Points

5% 1

10% 2


Recycled Content Points

10% 1

20% 2


Regional Materials Points

10% 1

20% 2


Rapidly Renewable Materials

Points

2.5% 1

10% Innovation (EP)Point Available

Certified Wood Points

50% 1

95% Innovation (EP)PointNote: Innovation in Design / Exemplary Performance Credits are capped at 3


Indoor Air Quality: Low‐Emitting Materials

Selecting Materials to Contribute to Indoor Air Qualityand Improve Human Health

Rules that apply to the following IEQ credits:

Applies to finishes inside the building, defined as “inside the weatherproofing system and applied on site”

Must comply with the standard for that product category

Total compliance is needed to achieve the credits

OR Alternate Compliance Path: VOC Budget method allowed in

some cases

LEED CI credits are the same unless noted otherwise


EQ Credit 4.1: Low‐Emitting Materials—Adhesives and Sealants

One credit for compliance

Adhesives, flooring adhesives, fire‐stopping sealants, caulking, duct sealants, plumbing adhesives, caulking, cove base adhesives

Easy to achieve if:

● Identify low‐VOC adhesives and sealants before construction begins● Specify or provide lists of acceptable materials to contractors● Contractor ensures subcontractors are educated and require documentation

Related credits:

● ConstructioIEQc3.1: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan—During Construction.

● IEQc3.2: n Indoor Air Quality Management Plan—Before Occupancy.

Standard that sets VOC limits Applies to

SCAQMD Rule #1168 Adhesives and Sealants

Green Seal 36 Commercial Adhesives


EQ Credit 4.2: Low‐Emitting Materials—Paints & Coatings


Paint, coatings and primers applied inside the building envelope

● Anti‐corrosive and anti‐rust paints applied to interior ferrous metal substrates● Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains , sealers, and shellacs

Easy to achieve at no additional cost

Related credits:

● ConstructioIEQc3.1: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan—During Construction.

● IEQc3.2: n Indoor Air Quality Management Plan—Before Occupancy.


Green Seal 11 Paints

Green Seal 3 Anti‐corrosive, anti‐rust paint(on metal surfaces)

SCAQMD Rule 1113 Architectural coatings


EQ Credit 4.3: Low‐Emitting Materials—Flooring Systems


The generic Greenguard standard does not meet this protocol

* Originally included in credit, but reinterpreted to exclude terrazzo, masonry, tile, stone, solid wood flooring – does not require testing (materials do not produce VOC’s)


Green Label Plus Carpets

Green Label Carpet pads

FloorScore Wood*, ceramic*, rubber, vinyl, linoleum, wall base

OR

CA 1350: All flooring installed in building meets the testing and product requirements of the California Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the Testing of Volatile organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small‐Scale Environmental Chambers.


EQ Credit 4.4: Low‐Emitting Materials—Composite Wood & Agrifiber

One credit for compliance Must have no added urea formaldehyde resins. Other types of formaldehyde binders—phenol and melamine—are allowed

(formaldehyde is more tightly bound – less VOC’s) Includes laminating adhesives used to fabricate countertops, doors, flooring

and millwork that has adhered edging, laminates, and veneers Must use no added urea‐formaldehyde binders and glues LEED CI – Variation

● Furniture is excluded – see IEQ 4.5 for LEED CI● IEQ 4.5 (LEED CI only) – furniture and seating are Greenguard Certified (alternate

testing methods allowed)


No Added Urea Formaldehyde Particleboard, MDF, plywood, wheatboard, strawboard, panel

substrates and door cores


Summary: 4 Material‐Related Credits for Indoor Environmental Quality


SCAQMD Rule #1168 Adhesives and Sealants

Green Seal 36 Commercial Adhesives

Green Seal 11 Paints

Green Seal 3 Anti‐corrosive, anti‐rust paint

SCAQMD Rule 1113 Architectural coatings

Green Label Plus Carpets

Green Label Carpet

FloorScore Wood, ceramic, rubber, vinyl, linoleum

No Added Urea Formaldehyde Particleboard, MDF, plywood, wheatboard, strawboard, panel substrates and door cores


LEED Material Intents

Building Reuse: Reduce development, waste, environmental impacts of new buildings related to materials and transport

Construction Waste Management: Divert construction, demolition and land‐clearing debris from landfill, incinerators and redirect recyclables back to manufacturing process

Recycled content, material reuse: Reduce demand for virgin materials

Regional materials: Reduce carbon footprint of extraction/harvesting and transportation of materials

Rapidly Renewable: Reduce depletion of finite raw materials with long growth cycles

FSC Wood: Encourage environmentally responsible forest management

Indoor Air Quality: Improve occupant health by limiting VOCs in interior environment

Documents

Sustainable Architectural Materials · materials(both structural andnonstructural)targeted for diversion. Approximate a percentage of the overall project waste that these materials