Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020In 2008, the city's general budget amounted to RON990 million (EUR220 million). This meant an increase of roughly 250% compared to the 2005's

Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020

Cluj-Napoca, Romania

December 2012

City of Cluj-Napoca

Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020 Cluj-Napoca

i

Acknowledgment

This document was developed with the support and contribution of several experts

within the local and regional administration as well as certain private and state

companies. We would like to thank all who contributed and supplied data for this

Sustainable Energy Action Plan.


ii

1. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 1

2. SEAP - Introduction and Requirements ..................................................................................... 1

2.1. What is a SEAP ...................................................................................................................... 1

2.2. Scope of the SEAP ................................................................................................................ 1

2.3. Time horizon........................................................................................................................... 2

3. Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 3

4. General Strategy ........................................................................................................................ 3

4.1. Objectives and targets ........................................................................................................... 3

4.1.1. CO2 emissions reduction target and time horizon ............................................................. 3

4.1.2. Scope ................................................................................................................................. 3

4.2. Vision for the future ................................................................................................................ 3

4.3. Presentation of Cluj-Napoca .................................................................................................. 3

4.3.1. General information ........................................................................................................... 4

4.3.2. Municipal buildings and facilities ........................................................................................ 5

4.3.3. Supply and disposal ........................................................................................................... 5

4.3.4. Mobility ............................................................................................................................... 8

4.3.5. Internal organisation ........................................................................................................ 10

4.3.6. Communication channels ................................................................................................ 12

4.4. Financial aspects and monitoring......................................................................................... 12

4.4.1. Financial sources ............................................................................................................. 12

4.4.2. Monitoring ........................................................................................................................ 12

5. Baseline Emission Inventory .................................................................................................... 13

5.1. Final energy consumption .................................................................................................... 13

5.2. CO2 emissions ..................................................................................................................... 13

5.2.1. Local electricity generation and related CO2 emissions.................................................. 14

5.2.2. Local urban heating and corresponding emissions ......................................................... 14

6. Planned Actions and Measures until 2020 ............................................................................... 15

6.1. Buildings, Equipment and Facilities ..................................................................................... 16

6.2. Transport .............................................................................................................................. 18

6.3. Local electricity production ................................................................................................... 20

6.4. Local heating and cooling .................................................................................................... 21

6.5. Land use planning ................................................................................................................ 22

6.6. Public procurement .............................................................................................................. 22

6.7. Working with citizens and stakeholders ............................................................................... 23

6.8. Internal organisation ............................................................................................................. 24

Appendix ................................................................................................................................................ 25

Appendix 1 - SEAP committee........................................................................................................... 26

Appendix 2 - Letter of Recognition (European Energy Award) .......................................................... 28


1

1. Executive Summary

In recent years, energy efficiency, mobility and climate considerations have gained

substantial importance in the municipality of Cluj-Napoca, as confirmed by the Cluj-

Napoca Mayor signing the Covenant of Mayors in 2011.

The municipality aims to reduce its CO2 emissions by at least 20% by 2020,

compared to 2011 levels. This Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) sets out the

measures with which this objective is to be reached. The objective is very ambitious;

however, implementing more than 60 measures in various areas will allow CO2

emissions to be reduced by around 22% and end-use energy to be reduced by

around 20%. Additionally, the portion of renewable sources of energy will increase by

almost 8% over the same period. The costs of implementing the planned measures in

the municipality are around EUR180 million.

2. SEAP - Introduction and Requirements1

2.1. What is a SEAP

The Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) is a key document that shows how the

Covenant signatory will reach its commitment by 2020. It uses the results of the

Baseline Emission Inventory to identify the best fields of action and opportunities for

reaching the local authority’s CO2 reduction target. It defines concrete reduction

measures, together with time frames and assigned responsibilities, which translate

the long-term strategy into action. Signatories commit themselves to submitting their

SEAPs within the year following adhesion.

The SEAP should not be regarded as a fixed and rigid document, as circumstances

change, and, as the ongoing actions provide results and experience, it may be

useful/necessary to revise the plan on a regular basis.

2.2. Scope of the SEAP

The Covenant of Mayors concerns action at local level within the competence of the

local authority. The SEAP should concentrate on measures aimed at reducing the

CO2 emissions and final energy consumption by end users. The Covenant’s

commitments cover the whole geographical area of the local authority (town, city,

region). Therefore the SEAP should include actions concerning both the public and

1 European Union (2010): “How to develop a Sustainable Energy Action Plan”. Chapter 1.


2

private sectors. However, the local authority is expected to play an exemplary role

and therefore to take outstanding measures related to the local authority’s own

buildings and facilities, vehicle fleet, etc. The local authority can decide to set the

overall CO2 emission reduction target either as ‘absolute reduction’ or ‘per capita

reduction’.

The main target sectors are buildings, equipment/facilities and urban transport. The

SEAP may also include actions related to local electricity production (development of

PV, wind power, CHP, improvement of local power generation), and local

heating/cooling generation. In addition, the SEAP should cover areas where local

authorities can influence energy consumption in the long term (as land use planning),

encourage markets for energy efficient products and services (public procurement),

as well as changes in consumption patterns (working with stakeholders and citizens).

The industrial sector, in contrast, is not a key target of the Covenant of Mayors, so

the local authority may choose to include actions in this sector or not. In any case,

plants covered by the ETS (European CO2 Emission Trading Scheme) should be

excluded, unless they were included in previous plans of the local authority.

2.3. Time horizon

The time horizon of the Covenant of Mayors is 2020. Therefore, the SEAP has to

contain a clear outline of the strategic actions that the local authority intends to take

in order to reach its commitments by 2020. The SEAP may cover a longer period, but

in this case it should contain intermediate values and objectives for the year 2020.

As it is not always possible to plan in detail concrete measures and budgets for such

a long time span, the local authority may distinguish between:

- a vision, with a long-term strategy and goals until 2020, including firm

commitments in areas like land-use planning, transport and mobility, public

procurement, standards for new/renovated buildings etc.;

- detailed measures for the next 3-5 years which translate the long-term strategy

and goals into actions.

It is also strongly suggested that measures related to the local authority’s own

buildings and facilities are implemented first, in order to set an example and motivate

stakeholders.


3

3. Methodology

The methodology used to develop the SEAP is the one recommended in the Guide

“How to develop an Sustainable Energy Action Plan“, developed by the European

Commission through the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the Institute for Energy and

the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES).

4. General Strategy

4.1. Objectives and targets

4.1.1. CO2 emissions reduction target and time horizon

The city of Cluj-Napoca intends to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions of 20% by

2020 compared to 2011 levels. The target is set as an absolute target (not per

capita), since total population is not expected to change significantly until 2020.

4.1.2. Scope

This Sustainable Energy Action Plan of Cluj-Napoca focuses on the following areas

of intervention

- Buildings, equipment/facilities

- E-administration

- Transport

- Local electricity production

- Local heating/cooling

- Land use planning

- Public procurement

- Working with citizens and stakeholders (communication and cooperation)

- Internal organisation

4.2. Vision for the future

Cluj-Napoca is a regional centre for innovation and opportunities, an attractive tourist

destination, a pleasant place to live, work and study, a city with responsible local

authorities, active citizens and a dynamic and involved business community.

4.3. Presentation of Cluj-Napoca

The information presented in this chapter derives mostly from the European Energy

Award© (EEA) assessment, which was conducted between September and

November 2012.


4

4.3.1. General information

Population

Cluj-Napoca is the second largest city in Romania. In 2011, 309,136 people were

officially registered as residents of the city, which represents 1.6% of Romania's total

population. More than 390,000 people live in the Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area.

Geography

Cluj-Napoca is the capital of the county of Cluj, located in the north-western part of

Romania (see Figure 1) in the Somesul Mic River valley. The city covers an area of

179.5 km2 with the Somesul Mic River running through the city.

Figure 1 Map of Romania, split into counties. The red area represents the city of Cluj-Napoca.


5

Climate Cluj-Napoca has a continental climate, characterised by warm, dry summers and cold

winters. The climate is influenced by the city's proximity to the Apuseni Mountains, as

well as by urbanisation. Some West-Atlantic influences are present during winter and

autumn. Winter temperatures are often below 0 °C, even though they rarely drop

below −10 °C. On average, snow covers the ground for 65 days each winter. In

summer, the average temperature is approximately 18 °C (the average for July and

August), despite the fact that temperatures sometimes reach 35 °C to 40 °C in mid-

summer in the city centre. Although average precipitation and humidity during

summer is low, there are infrequent yet heavy and often violent storms. During spring

and autumn, temperatures vary between 13 °C to 18 °C, and precipitation during this

time tends to be higher than in summer, with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.

Economy

In 2008, the city's general budget amounted to RON990 million (EUR220 million).

This meant an increase of roughly 250% compared to the 2005's general budget.

Cluj-Napoca is an important economic centre in Romania. Famous local brands that

have become well-known at a national, and to some extent even international level,

include: Banca Transilvania, Farmec, Jolidon, and Ursus breweries

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery.. The city is home to several universities and

hosts important software and IT companies, such as Bosch.

4.3.2. Municipal buildings and facilities

The municipality owns more than 100 buildings, mostly pre-schools, primary schools

and high schools (82). The consumption values for gas/heat, power and water are

known for the most important buildings; these have been recorded since 2012. The

majority of municipal buildings is connected to the local district heating network and

therefore sources heat for both space heating and hot water from this network.

A total of 464 km of streets are lit at night within the municipal territory. Street lighting

has been continually extended and renewed in recent years. In 2011, power

consumption for street lighting was 11.2 GWh/a.

4.3.3. Supply and disposal

The energy supply, water supply and waste water disposal of the municipality of Cluj-

Napoca are organised as follows:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_climate

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuseni_Mountains

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanisation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28meteorology%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_Transilvania

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolidon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursus_%28beer%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery


6

Organisation level Operator Ownership

Electricity Regional Electrica SA Public

Natural Gas Regional E-ON Gas Private

District heating (production and network) Local

Autonomous Administration District Heating subordinated to the City Hall Public

Water supply County 1 operator Public

Waste water disposal and treatment County 1 operator Public

Waste collection County 2 operators Private

Landfill County 1 operator Private

Heat supply

Space heating and hot water are almost exclusively supplied using natural gas, either

via the municipal district heating network or private gas heating. Wood heating

systems are only used rarely. Additionally, several hundred solar thermal facilities

and several dozen heat pumps were installed in recent years. However, the share of

renewable heat generation is estimated to be less than 1%.

In 2011, the total gas consumption of the municipality of Cluj-Napoca exceeded

278 million m3, with private households being responsible for 43.6% of the total, and

economic and public entities for 56.4%.

Around 43 million m3 natural gas (431 GWh/a) were consumed for supplying heat via

the district heating network. Heat is generated by both cogeneration plants and

thermal power stations. A total of 34'000 flats are connected to the municipal district

heating network, corresponding to 41% of all flats (82'900) within the municipal

territory.

Around 10% of heat generation for the district heating network comes from a large,

central cogeneration plant and two smaller, decentralised cogeneration plants. With

an annual natural gas consumption of around 9 million m3, 40.2 GWh/a heat and

37.5 GWh/a power are fed into the network (efficiency factor of 84.8%). The losses in

the primary network (transport network) are currently 35%; those in the secondary

network (distribution network) 20%.

Power supply

In 2011, the estimated total power consumption within the municipal territory was

540 GWh/a. However, end consumers are currently not able to determine the power

mix, and the power mix of the municipality of Cluj-Napoca is therefore the same as

the mix for Romania as a whole.


7

Electricity within the municipal territory is mainly generated by the three gas-operated

municipal cogeneration power plants (37.5 GWh/a). Only few photovoltaic systems

have been installed. No electricity is generated from hydro power, biomass or wind

power within the municipal territory.

Water supply, waste water disposal and treatment

The municipal drinking water is sourced from a nearby lake and from aquifers. In

recent years, water supply pumps have been systematically replaced by new,

energy-efficient pumps (financed from EU funds). The energy consumption of the

drinking water supply is currently 0.3 kWh/m3. The leakage rate within the municipal

territory, which was still around 60% in 2000, was reduced to 50% by 2011, due to

continual upgrading of the network. Additional projects aimed at reducing this rate

further have already been planned, and funding via EU subsidies has already been

secured. It is envisaged that these projects will reduce the leakage rate to 25% by

2018.

The municipal waste water is treated in a sewage treatment plant located east of the

city, outside its residential areas, about 1 km from the airport. The plant achieves a

treatment ratio that is above the national average. However, compared to western

European standards, there still remains considerable need for action regarding waste

water treatment. The treatment plant has a self-sufficiency ratio of 50-60% as far as

its power needs are concerned.

Collection and storage of waste

Two private companies collect the municipal rubbish and transport it to a waste

disposal site that is also privately operated. The site has reached the end of its life

cycle and will therefore be replaced by a modern site in 2013. From then on, waste

will be used for energy production.

In 2009, around 130,000 tons of waste were collected, consisting of 50%

biodegradable waste, 21% paper and cardboard, 9% plastic, 6% glass and 4%

metals. Waste has been collected separately within the municipal territory since

2009. This applies to plastic, glass, textiles, metals and paper. The companies

responsible for waste collection are contractually obliged to provide separate

collection points and to communicate with residents to motivate them to separate

waste.


8

To date, green waste and kitchen waste have not been collected separately, as they

cannot be utilised separately at this stage. It is envisaged that green waste and

kitchen waste will also be collected and utilised separately as soon as the new waste

disposal site is operational.

The municipality has agreed to reduce the volume of waste deposited annually on

the waste disposal site by at least 50% by 2025, compared to 2009 volumes. This

goal is to be achieved mainly by building the new waste disposal site, collecting

green waste and kitchen waste separately, and promoting more awareness among

residents regarding waste avoidance and separation.

4.3.4. Mobility

Cluj-Napoca has a complex system of regional transportation, providing road, air and

rail connections to major cities in Romania and Europe. A traffic study was conducted

in 2010, a more comprehensive mobility study is planned for 2013.

Mobility strategy 2014-2020

The reduction of parking spaces and increase of prices for remaining parking spaces

in the city centre. In turn, new underground parking is to be provided, plus car parks

outside the city centre, which are to be closely connected to public transport (Park &

Ride). Pedestrian zones and reduced speed zones are to be additionally provided in

the city centre. Public transport availability is to be extended, and its quality to be

improved.

Motorised private transport

Cluj-Napoca is an important node in the European road network, being on three

different European routes (E60, E81 and E576). At a national level, the city is located

on three different main national roads: DN1, DN1C and DN1F. The Romanian

Motorway A3, also known as Transylvania Motorway (Autostrada Transilvania),

currently under construction, will link the city with Bucharest and Romania's western

border. The 2B section between Câmpia Turzii and Cluj Vest (Gilău) opened in late

2010.

In 2011, 73'096 passenger cars, 4747 mopeds, 19335 trucks were registered in the

city. The municipal car fleet consists of more than a dozen cars.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_E-road_network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucharest

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil%C4%83u,_Cluj


9

Public transport

Cluj-Napoca features a public transportation system (RATUC, Autonomous

Administration subordinated to City Hall) consisting of 213 diesel buses, 93 trolley

buses and 36 trams (see Table 1). It provides comprehensive, good access

throughout the entire city, i.e. from every point within the city a bus or tram stop can

be accessed on foot within 5-7 minutes. Buses and trams run every 4-5 minutes in

the city centre, less often in the city outskirts (operation hours: daily from 4.30am to

11.30pm). On average, 140.000 one way tickets are sold per day, and the

municipality subsidises public transportation tickets for students, pensioners and

children with more than RON25 million per year (EUR5.5 million). In 2011, electricity

consumption of trolley buses and trams accounted for 14.2 GWh/a, while buses

consumed 3.7 million litres of diesel. More than 50% of the buses and trams are old

and need to be replaced soon. Also, in peak traffic buses get stuck in traffic jams in

certain areas of the city centre (only 2-3 km separate bus lanes).

No Indicators Tramways Trolley buses Buses Total

1 Number of routes 3 6 37 46

2 Length of routes (km) 13.2 22 97.3 132.5

3 Transport vehicles 36 93 213 342

4 Average fleet working days 21 64 124 209

5 Average fleet non-working days

7 23 52 82

6 Percentage of passengers transported

23% 31% 46% 100%

7 Fleet utilization ratio(cup) 62% 69% 70%

Table 1 Comparative indicators for each division of public transport in Cluj-Napoca

Public parking

All public parking within the municipal territory is managed (Mondays - Saturdays,

7.00am - 9.00pm). Parking is free outside these times, except in car parks. Most of

the income from parking fees goes towards the municipality’s overall budget.

Pedestrians

Footpaths are provided on at least one side of most streets. In 2012, around 80% of

these footpaths were in good condition; hazardous points in the remaining 20% are

known, and measures have already been planned for improving the situation in the

coming years. Pedestrians are able to cross roads at appropriate distances. Major

pedestrian crossings have traffic lights and are clearly marked as crossings on the

road.


10

Cyclists

The plan "mobile Cluj" presents existing and planned routes for cyclists. In 2012,

there were about 59 km of cycle paths in the municipality, another 18 km are planned

in a project funded by the EU. They represent a network that extends and continues

to suburbs and aims to reduce car traffic, green transport and encourage the use of

bicycles as an alternative means of transport to improve urban mobility in Cluj

Metropolitan Area. This will be achieved by building a network of 50 stations in rental

bicycles self-service and developing a coherent network of tracks and trails for

cyclists, the territory of Cluj-Napoca, commune Floresti and village Apahida.

4.3.5. Internal organisation

The SEAP was prepared with the cooperation of the following institutions and

companies (SEAP Committee):

- Mrs. HORVATH Anna, Vice mayor / Cluj-Napoca City Hall- coordinator,

- Mrs. Moigradan Olimpia, Executive Director / Economic Department / Cluj-Napoca

City Hall - member,

- Mr. Porutiu Virgil , Executive Director / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City

Hallmember,

- Mrs. Ardeus Iulia, Executive Director / Department of Municipal Patrimony and

Property Records / Cluj-Napoca City Hall -member,

- Mr. Valer Suciu, Executive Director / Department of Administration / Cluj-Napoca

City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Madaras Julieta, Head of Budget Office / Economic Department / Cluj-

Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mr. loan Bogdan, Head of Financial Office /Economic Department / Cluj-Napoca

City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Magureanu Adriana , Head of Technical Office, Buildings Repair, Utilities

Monitoring / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Hent Liana, Head of Investments Office / Technical Department Cluj-Napoca

City Hall member,

- Mrs. Marincean Mirela, Head of Urban Traffic Safety, Urban Networks and Local

Transport / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mr. Moldovan Vasile, Head of the Green Spaces, Historic Monuments Urban

Ecology Office / Technical Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall -member,


11

- Mrs. Miron Mihaela, Head of the Patrimony Records and Cadastre / Department of

Municipal Patrimony and Property Records / Cluj-Napoca City Hall -member,

- Mr. Madru Josif, Head of Human Resources Office / Cluj-Napoca City Hall,

- Mr. Raulea Adrian, Head of Strategy and Local Development, Project

Management Office/ Communications, Public Relations and Tourism Department /

Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member ,

- Mrs. Spiroiu Sanda, Head of the Urban Planning Office / Urban Planning

Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- Mrs. Muresan Oana, Head of the Citizen Information Centre / Cluj-Napoca City

Hall - member,

- Mrs. Ana Maria Lazarica, Project Manager Advisor, Strategy and Local

Development, Project Management Office / Communications, Public Relations and

Tourism Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member

- Mr. Revesz Bogdan Alexandru, Project Manager Advisor, Strategy and Local

Development, Project Management Office / Communications, Public Relations and

Tourism Department / Cluj-Napoca City Hall - member,

- A representative of the Autonomous Administration of Urban Passenger Transport

Cluj-Napoca

- Technical Director of the Autonomous Administration of District Heating Cluj-

Napoca

- A representative of the Somes Water Company SA Cluj-Napoca

- A representative of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Cluj

- A representative of the County School Inspectorate Cluj

- A representative of the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

- A representative of Babes –Bolyai University

- A representative of the Environmental Protection Agency Cluj

The same committee supported the European Energy Award process. The SEAP

Committee will be responsible for implementing the measures set out in the SEAP

and for meeting the CO2 target.

An energy department will additionally be created soon. This department will be

responsible for coordinating the energy-related projects, for collecting relevant data

centrally, and for monitoring progress towards achieving the targets.


12

Performance specifications have been established for all municipal employees, and

external service providers are subject to contractual performance obligations. These

will be supplemented by energy-related aspects as soon as possible.

4.3.6. Communication channels

The municipality uses the following channels for external communication:

- Website

- IT system – e-administration

- Press conferences (local television stations, news portal operators, local press)

- Press releases

- Mayor’s Facebook and Twitter pages

- Posters

- Magazine (printed; distributed to households 4 x per year; print run of 100,000)

Internal communication uses the municipality’s own online platform (intranet) and the

staff magazine.

4.4. Financial aspects and monitoring

4.4.1. Financial sources

The municipality’s costs of achieving the CO2 targets by 2020 are around EUR180

million. The necessary funds will come from the following budgets and funds:

- Budget of the municipality, the metropolitan area and the county

- Governmental funds

- International funds (i.e. European Union, Swiss-Romanian Cooperation Program)

4.4.2. Monitoring

Implementation and monitoring committee members, will be responsible for

monitoring the activities listed in section 6. It will provide an annual progress report to

the SEAP Committee. Additionally, an implementation report will be submitted to the

Covenant of Mayors every two years, setting out the current progress of SEAP

implementation and the effects of measures already implemented.

Among others, the European Energy Award tools will be used for implementation and

to support monitoring.


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5. Baseline Emission Inventory

5.1. Final energy consumption

In 2011, the final energy consumption of Cluj-Napoca amounted to roughly 3.4 TWh.

Table 2 shows energy consumption by sector and energy carrier.

Electricity Heat/cold

Natural Gas

Diesel Petrol Total

Buildings, Equipment/Facilities:

Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities 289'402 289'402 289'402 289'402 289'402 289'402

Tertiary buildings, equipment/facilities 754'239 754'239 754'239 754'239 754'239 754'239

Residential buildings 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380 1'635'380

Municipal public lighting 11'263 11'263 11'263 11'263 11'263 11'263

Subtotal 363'676 170'493 2'156'115 0 0 2'690'285

Transport:

Municipal fleet 0 0 0 0 143 143

Public transport 14'193 0 0 36'734 0 50'927

Private and commercial transport 0 0 0 300'188 324'145 624'333

Subtotal 14'193 0 0 336'922 324'288 675'402

Total 377'869 170'493 2'156'115 336'922 324'288 3'365'687

Table 2 Final energy consumption of Cluj-Napoca in 2011 (values are in MWh/a)

5.2. CO2 emissions

Energy consumption in 2011 caused CO2 emissions of almost 1 million tons.

Emission values by sector and energy carrier are shown in Table 3.

Electricity Heat/cold

Natural Gas

Diesel Petrol Total

Buildings, Equipment/Facilities:

Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities 3'795 1'147 56'942 0 0 61'884

Tertiary buildings, equipment/facilities 69'883 2'910 131'144 0 0 203'937

Residential buildings 173'364 89'202 247'449 0 0 510'015

Municipal public lighting 7'895 0 0 0 0 7'895

Subtotal 254'937 93'260 435'535 0 0 783'732

Transport:

Municipal fleet 0 0 0 0 35 35

Public transport 9'949 0 0 9'808 0 19'757

Private and commercial transport 0 0 0 80'150 80'712 160'862

Subtotal 9'949 0 0 89'958 80'748 180'655

Total 264'886 93'260 435'535 89'958 80'748 964'387 Table 3 CO2 emissions of Cluj-Napoca in 2011 (values are in tons per year (t/a))

The calculated CO2 emissions are based on the CO2-emission factors shown in

Table 4.

Electricity Heat/cold Natural Gas Diesel Petrol

CO2-emission factors [in t/MWh] 0.701 0.547 0.202 0.267 0.249

Table 4 CO2-emission factors used for the calculation of the values presented in Table 3.


14

5.2.1. Local electricity generation and related CO2 emissions

More than 37 GWh/a of electricity was generated locally by cogeneration power

plants in 2011. Natural gas alone was used as energy input (see Table 5).

Locally generated electricity [MWh/a]

Energy input:

Natural gas (MWh/a)

CO2 emissions

[t/a]

Corresponding CO2-emission factors for

electricity generation in [t/MWh]

Combined Heat and Power 37'453 61'019 12'326 0.329

Total 37'453 61'019 12'326

Table 5 Local electricity generation in Cluj-Napoca in 2011 and corresponding CO2 emissions.

5.2.2. Local urban heating and corresponding emissions

About 293 GWh/a of heat was produced locally by cogeneration power plants and

district heating plants in 2011. Only natural gas was used as energy input (see Table

6).

Locally generated

heat

[MWh/a]

Energy input:

Natural gas (MWh/a)

CO2 emissions

[t/a]

Corresponding CO2-emission factors for heat production in

[t/MWh]

Combined Heat and Power 40'155 30'509 6'163 0.153

District Heating Plants 253'811 431'260 87'115 0.343

Total 293'966 461'769 93'277 Table 6 Local heat production in Cluj-Napoca in 2011 and corresponding CO2 emissions.


15

6. Planned Actions and Measures until 2020

This section sets out the measures that have been planned in order to ensure that

the CO2 reduction targets will be reached. The measures cover the following areas:

- Buildings, equipment/facilities (municipal buildings, tertiary buildings, residential

buildings, public lighting)

- Transport (municipal fleet, public transport, private and commercial transport)

- Local electricity production (photovoltaic, green certificates)

- Local heating/cooling (district heating, CHPs, solar thermal power plants, air

conditioning)

- Land use planning

- Public procurement

- Working with citizens and stakeholders

- Internal organisation

Estimated costs [EUR]

Expected energy saving

[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

Buildings, Equipment / Facilities 72'600'000 435'800 0 87'670

Transport 61'900'000 139'330 0 44'907

Local Electricity Production 1'100'000

0 38'400 26'900 1'500'000/a

Local Heating / Cooling 22'400'000 88'600 172'500 53'300

Land Use Planning 6'040'000 0 0 0

Public Procurement 0 0 0 0

Working with the Citizens and Stakeholders

1'400'000 0 0 0

290'000/a

Internal Organisation 0 0 0 0

Total 165'440'000

663'730 210'900 212'777

1'790'000/a

Reduction in % 20% 22%

Table 7 provides an overview of the expected costs associated with implementing the measures planned by the municipality of Cluj-Napoca. For 2013-2020, these are around EUR180 million, with recurring annual costs making up around 10% of the total. It is expected that the implementation of planned measures will result in a reduction in CO2 emissions of 22% and in energy savings of around 20%. Additionally, the portion of renewable sources of energy in the total energy mix will increase by 8%.


16



[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

Buildings, Equipment / Facilities 72'600'000 435'800 0 87'670

Transport 61'900'000 139'330 0 44'907

Local Electricity Production 1'100'000

0 38'400 26'900 1'500'000/a

Local Heating / Cooling 22'400'000 88'600 172'500 53'300

Land Use Planning 6'040'000 0 0 0

Public Procurement 0 0 0 0

Working with the Citizens and Stakeholders

1'400'000 0 0 0

290'000/a

Internal Organisation 0 0 0 0

Total 165'440'000

663'730 210'900 212'777

1'790'000/a

Reduction in % 20% 22%

Table 7 Overview of expected costs and effects of planned measures


17

6.1. Buildings, Equipment and Facilities

No. Fields of action KEY actions/measures Responsible

department, person or company

Implementation period



[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

1 Municipal buildings, equipment/facilities

Refurbishment of 71 schools and kindergartens (21 thermal rehabilitation, 20 modernisation of heating source, 30 thermal rehabilitation + modernisation of heating source)

Technical department 2013-2020 70'000'000 85'000 0 17'000


Energy efficient lighting in municipal buildings (LED)

Technical department 2013-2016 1'000'000 400 0 300


Energy review of all municipal buildings

Technical department 2013 0 0 0 0


Refurbishment concept Technical department 2013 0 0 0 0

5 Tertiary (non municipal) buildings, equipment/facilities

Renewal/rehabilitation rate of 3% per year for tertiary buildings Achieved via access to funds at favourable conditions (e.g. measures 53, 55); various communication measures (e.g. measures 51, 57, 58, 60); national funding programmes and EU funding. Values represent heat in the form of space heating and hot water.

Building owners 2013-2020 100'000 0 20'000


18

6 Residential buildings Renewal/rehabilitation rate of 3% per year for residential buildings (blocks of flats and individual houses). Achieved via access to funds at favourable conditions (e.g. measures 53-55); various communication measures (e.g. measures 51, 57, 60); national funding programmes and EU funding. Values represent heat in the form of space heating and hot water.

Building/apartment owners

2013-2020 250'000 0 50'000

7 Municipal public lighting Introduction of telemanagement for public lighting (dimming, overnight shutdown).

Technical department + EnergoBit + Elin GmbH

2013 200'000 100 0 70

8 Municipal public lighting 1358 LED lamps for public lighting

Technical department 2013 1'400'000 300 0 300


19

6.2. Transport






[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

9 Municipal fleet High energetic standards for new cars in the public car fleet

Technical department + Strategy department 2013 0 0 0 0

10 Municipal fleet Replacement of 3 police cars Technical department 2013-2017 100'000 30 0 7

11 Municipal fleet Monitoring of public car fleet fuel consumption

Administrative department 2013 0 0 0 0

13 Public transport 12 new electric buses for public transport (replacement of old diesel buses)

RATUC + Technical department

2013 5'400'000 1'600 0 300

14 Public transport 12 new articulated trolley buses (replacement of old diesel buses)

RATUC + Technical department 2014 6'200'000 1700 0 200

15 Public transport 4 new trams (replacement of old trams)

RATUC + Technical department 2014 5'900'000 200 0 100

16 Public transport Extension of 7km tramway to Floresti

RATUC + Technical department 2013-2015 6'400'000 0 0 0

17 Public transport Modernisation of the tram section Manastur-Railway Station Market


18 Public transport Modernisation of the tram section Piata Garii - Bulevardul Muncii


19 Public transport Introduction of e-ticketing system for public transport (improved convenience)

RATUC + Technical department

2013-2014 1'000'000 0 0 0

20 Private and commercial transport

3% reduction of private transport in the city area as a result of the implementation of measures 13-19, 21-25, 44-47, 57-58, 60

Technical department + PR department + urban planning department + car owners

2013-2020 15'000 0 3'800


Periodic replacement of old passenger cars by more efficient cars

Car owners

2013-2020 120'000 0 40'000


Speed reduction zones Technical department + traffic safety, urban and local transport networks department 2013-2015 1'000'000 200 0 100


20


Self-service bike rental network (51 rental stations, 500 bikes, 35km signposted new bike routes and dedicated lanes)

Technical department + Strategy department

2013 3'900'000 0 0 0


Park & Ride: provision of new car parks in the municipality’s outer suburbs, which are to be closely connected to public transport.


2014-2017 to be

evaluated 0 0 0


Public-private partnership project to introduce car sharing offers

Technical department + Strategy department 2013-2016 0 0 0 0


21

6.3. Local electricity production






[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

26 Photovoltaic 10 MW PV power plant on 197.86 ha. The city will receive 30% of total production.

Technical department 2013-2014 0 0 3'500 2'500

27 Photovoltaic 2 PV power plants, 370 kW (charging stations for electric public transport buses)

RATUC 2013 700'000 0 400 300

28 Photovoltaic 150 kW photovoltaic power plants on municipal buildings

Technical department 2013-2017 300'000 0 1'600 1'100

29 Photovoltaic Photovoltaic power plants on tertiary buildings

Building owners 2013-2020 0 0 1'100 800

30 Photovoltaic Photovoltaic power plants on residential buildings (30% through funding programme)


2014-2016 0 0 1'800 1'200

31 Green Certificates Purchase of Romanian green certificates for covering the power needs of municipal buildings and facilities, public lighting and public transport (to supplement municipal power generation plants). Cost: EUR50/MWh (hydro power), recurring annually until there is sufficient municipal power generation from renewable sources of energy.

Technical department 2013 1'500'000/a 0 30'000 21'000

32 Electricity supply The municipality will cooperate with other municipalities and promote the ability of all consumers within the municipality to choose their power mix.

Strategy department 2013-2020 0 0 0 0


22

6.4. Local heating and cooling






[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

33 Combined Heat and Power 2 decentralised cogeneration power plants

RAT 2014-2015 1'600'000 2'000 0 1'400

34 Combined Heat and Power Landfill gas recovery and cogeneration power plant

Cluj-Napoca City Hall 2013 to be evaluated

0 to be evaluated

to be evaluated

35 Combined Heat and Power Biomass plant at new landfill (incl. biomass from waste)

Cluj-Napoca City Hall 2013 to be evaluated

0 to be evaluated

to be evaluated

36 District heating network Refurbishment of primary network (transport). Reduction of losses from 35% to 15%.

RAT 2013-2016

16'000'000

60'000 0 12'000

37 District heating network Refurbishment of secondary network (distribution). Reduction of losses from 20% to 10%.

RAT 2013-2016 26'000 0 5'000

38 Solar thermal power plants 10 solar thermal power plants on central heating power plants

RAT 2014 1'100'000 0

39 Solar thermal power plants 5'000m2 solar thermal panels on municipal buildings

Technical department 2013-2017 3'200'000 0 2'500 500

40 Solar thermal power plants 240'000m2 solar thermal panels on residential buildings


2013-2020 0 120'000 24'000

41 Solar thermal power plants 100'000m2 solar thermal panels on tertiary buildings

Building owners 2013-2020 50'000 10'000

42 Cooling Replacement of around 500 air-conditioning units in municipal buildings by more efficient units.

Technical department 2013-2020 500'000 600 0 400

43 Industrial heat Assessment of industrial waste heat potential on city area

Strategy department 2013 0 0 0 0


23

6.5. Land use planning






[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

44 Transport / mobility planning Development of a comprehensive mobility plan


2013 40'000 0 0 0

45 Transport / mobility planning Extension of separate bus lanes network


2014-2017 6'000'000 0 0 0

46 Transport / mobility planning Implementation of public policies to reduce traffic in the city centre


2013-2017 0 0 0 0

47 Transport / mobility planning Increased parking fees in the city centre


2013 0 0 0 0

48 Standards for refurbishment and new development

Minimum energetic requirements for tenders

Technical department (public acquisition)

2013 0 0 0 0

49 Standards for refurbishment and new development

High energetic standards (efficiency and renewables) for new municipal buildings and major refurbishment work

Urban planning department + Technical department

2013 0 0 0 0

6.6. Public procurement






[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

50 Energy efficiency requirements/standards

Green procurement guidelines for city hall: highly energy efficient products, recycled materials

Public procurement department + Energy department

2013 0 0 0 0


24

6.7. Working with citizens and stakeholders






[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

51 Advisory services Intensification of consultation of building-owners

Urban planning department

2014-2020 0 0 0 0

52 Financial support and grants Subsidies for PV panels on residential buildings and lands (30% of investment costs)

Financial department 2014-2016 1'000'000 0 0 0

53 Financial support and grants Cooperation with local banks. Low interest credits for solar thermal or photovoltaic power plants and thermal rehabilitation of buildings. Active promotion of offers through the municipality.

PR department + local banks

2013-2020 400'000 0 0 0

54 Financial support and grants Subsidies for energy audits and energy performance certificates for 200 blocks of flats.


55 Financial support and grants 50% property tax reduction for green building owners


56 Awareness raising and local networking

Communication concept. Points out what needs to be communicated when to whom in what way.

PR department 2013 0 0 0 0


Cooperation with professional investors (congress on energy, climate and mobility relevant topics, 2 days a year)

Urban planning department + Patrimony department

2013-2020 200'000 0 0 0


25


Close partnership with industry and business (congress on energy, climate and mobility relevant topics, 1 day a year)

Investors + Foreign investors department

2013-2020 100'000 0 0 0


Communication campaign for selective waste collection

Private waste collection companies + PR department

2013-2020 80'000/a 0 0 0


Raising awareness campaigns on energy issues (energy day and mobility day, once a year)

Energy department + PR department

2013-2020 200'000/a 0 0 0

61 Training and education Energy-related further training for municipal employees

Energy department 2013-2020 10'000/a 0 0 0

62 Training and education Distribution of a manual of environmental good practices and energy saving to municipal employees

Energy department 2013 0 0 0 0

6.8. Internal organisation






[MWh/a]

Expected renewable

energy production

[MWh/a]

Expected CO2

reduction [t/a]

63 Internal organisation New energy department with specialised staff (energy efficiency, renewables, monitoring, strategies, communication, events, further training)

HR department 2013 0 0 0 0

64 Internal organisation Allocation of responsibilities for monitoring of energy consumption (public buildings, city area, …)

Energy department + HR department

2013 0 0 0 0


26

Appendix

List of appendices

Appendix 1 - SEAP committee

Appendix 2 - Letter of Recognition (European Energy Award)


27

Appendix 1 - SEAP committee


28


29

Appendix 2 - Letter of Recognition (European Energy Award)


30

Documents

Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2011-2020In 2008, the city's general budget amounted to RON990 million (EUR220 million). This meant an increase of roughly 250% compared to the 2005's