Swachh Bharat.pdf

8/10/2019 Swachh Bharat.pdf

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Action plan: achieving a Swachh Bharat by 2019 through Swatch Bharat Abhiyan (Rural

Areas)

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22/08/2014 Ministry Of Drinking Water And Sanitation

In the context of the declaration of the plan to achieve Swachh Bharat by 2019, the Ministry

of Drinking Water and Sanitation has prepared a note on the Swachh Bharat Mission.

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: The present goal under NBA is to achieve 100% access to

sanitation for all rural households by 2022. Under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan(SBA), the Goal is

now pre-poned to make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2019 by construction of

individual, cluster & community toilets; and villages will be kept clean, including through solid

and liquid waste management through Gram Panchayats. Water pipelines have to be laid to

all villages enabling tap connection into households on demand by 2019. In this matter, co-

operation and convergence of all Ministries, Central & State schemes, CSR &

bilateral/multilateral assistance may become necessary as well as new & innovative ways of

funding such interventions.

Attachments: Shortened Swachch Bharat.Pdf

Tags: Rural Sanitation India Sanitation Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (Total Sanitation Campaign)

______________________________________________

Sanitation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Sanitization (classified information).

Example of sanitation infrastructure: Shower, double-vault urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT)

and waterless urinal in Lima, Peru

Sewage treatment plant, Australia.

Example for lack of sanitation: Unhygienic ring-slab latrine in Kalibari community in

Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact

with the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage or

wastewater. Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of

disease. Wastes that can cause health problems include human and animal excreta, solid

wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), industrial wastes and agricultural

wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g.,

sewerage, wastewater treatment, stormwater drainage, solid waste management, excreta

management), simple technologies (e.g., pit latrines, dry toilets, UDDTs, septic tanks), oreven simply by personal hygiene practices (e.g., hand washing with soap, behavior change).


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The World Health Organization states that:

"Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of

human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and

improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in

households and across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of

hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.[1]

Sanitation includes all four of these engineering infrastructure items (even though often onlythe first one is strongly associated with the term "sanitation"):

Excreta management systems

Wastewater management systems

Solid waste management systems

Drainage systems for rainwater, also called stormwater drainage

Despite the fact that sanitation includes wastewater treatment, the two terms are often use

side by side: people tend to speak of sanitation and wastewater management which is why

the differeantiation is also made in the sub-headings in this article. The term sanitation has

been connected to several descriptors so that the terms sustainable sanitation, improved

sanitation, unimproved sanitation, environmental sanitation, on-site sanitation, ecological

sanitation, dry sanitation are all in use today. Sanitation should be regarded with a systems

approach in mind which includes collection/containment, conveyance/transport, treatment

and disposal or reuse.[2]

Contents [hide]

1 Wastewater management

1.1 Collection

1.2 Treatment

1.2.1 Centralised treatment

1.2.2 On-site treatment, decentralised treatment

1.3 Disposal or reuse of treated wastewater

2 Types of sanitation

2.1 Dry sanitation

2.2 Ecological sanitation

2.3 Environmental sanitation

2.4 Improved and unimproved sanitation

2.5 Lack of sanitation


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2.6 On-site sanitation

2.7 Sustainable sanitation

3 Solid waste disposal

4 Food preparation

5 Health impacts

6 Improving global access

7 History

8 References

9 External links

Wastewater management[edit]

Collection[edit]

For more details on this topic, see Wastewater.

The standard sanitation technology in urban areas is the collection of wastewater in sewers,

its treatment in wastewater treatment plants for reuse or disposal in rivers, lakes or the sea.

Sewers are either combined with storm drains or separated from them as sanitary sewers.

Combined sewers are usually found in the central, older parts or urban areas. Heavy rainfall

and inadequate maintenance can lead to combined sewer overflows or sanitary sewer

overflows, i.e., more or less diluted raw sewage being discharged into the environment.

Industries often discharge wastewater into municipal sewers, which can complicate

wastewater treatment unless industries pre-treat their discharges.[3]

The high investment cost of conventional wastewater collection systems are difficult to affordfor many developing countries. Some countries have therefore promoted alternative

wastewater collection systems such as condominial sewerage, which uses pipes with smaller

diameters at lower depth with different network layouts from conventional sewerage.

Treatment[edit]

For more details on this topic, see Sewage treatment.

Centralised treatment[edit]

In developed countries treatment of municipal wastewater is now widespread, but not yet

universal (for an overview of technologies see wastewater treatment). In developing

countries most wastewater is still discharged untreated into the environment. For example, in

Latin America only about 15% of collected sewerage is being treated (see water and

sanitation in Latin America)


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On-site treatment, decentralised treatment[edit]

In many suburban and rural areas households are not connected to sewers. They discharge

their wastewater into septic tanks or other types of on-site sanitation. On-site systems

include drain fields, which require significant area of land. This makes septic systems

unsuitable for most cities.

Constructed wetlands are another example for a possible decentralised treatment option.

Disposal or reuse of treated wastewater[edit]

The reuse of untreated or partially treated wastewater in irrigated agriculture is common in

developing countries. The reuse of treated wastewater in landscaping, especially on golf

courses, irrigated agriculture and for industrial use is becoming increasingly widespread.

Types of sanitation[edit]

The term sanitation is connected with various descriptors to signify certain types of sanitation

systems. Here they are shown in alphabetical order:

Dry sanitation[edit]

The term "dry sanitation" is somewhat misleading as sanitation as includes handwashing and

can never be "dry". A more precise term would be "dry excreta management". When people

speak of "dry sanitation" they usually mean sanitation systems with dry toilets with urine

diversion, in particular the urine-diverting dry toilet (UDDT).[4]

Ecological sanitation[edit]

Ecological sanitation, which is commonly abbreviated to ecosan, is an approach, rather than

a technology or a device which is characterized by a desire to "close the loop" (mainly for the

nutrients and organic matter) between sanitation and agriculture in a safe manner. Put in

other words: "Ecosan systems safely recycle excreta resources (plant nutrients and organic

matter) to crop production in such a way that the use of non-renewable resources is

minimised". When properly designed and operated, ecosan systems provide a hygienically

safe, economical, and closed-loop system to convert human excreta into nutrients to be

returned to the soil, and water to be returned to the land. Ecosan is also called resource-

oriented sanitation.

Environmental sanitation[edit]

Environmental sanitation is the control of environmental factors that form links in disease

transmission. Subsets of this category are solid waste management, water and wastewater

treatment, industrial waste treatment and noise and pollution control.

Improved and unimproved sanitation[edit]

Improved sanitation and unimproved sanitation refers to the management of human feces at

the household level. This terminology is the indicator used to describe the target of the

Millennium Development Goal on sanitation, by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring

Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.


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Lack of sanitation[edit]

Lack of sanitation refers to the absence of sanitation. In practical terms it usually means lack

of toilets or lack of hygienic toilets that anybody would want to use voluntarily. The result of

lack of sanitation is usually open defecation (and open urination but this is of less concern)

with the associated serious public health issues.

On-site sanitation[edit]

Onsite sanitation is the collection and treatment of waste is done where it is deposited.

Examples are the use of pit latrines, septic tanks, and Imhoff tanks

Sustainable sanitation[edit]

Sustainable sanitation is a term that has been defined with five sustainability criteria by the

Sustainable Sanitation Alliance. In order to be sustainable, a sanitation system has to be not

only (i) economically viable, (ii) socially acceptable, and (iii) technically and (iv) institutionally

appropriate, it should also (v) protect the environment and the natural resources.[5] The main

objective of a sanitation system is to protect and promote human health by providing a clean

environment and breaking the cycle of disease.

Solid waste disposal[edit]

For more details on this topic, see Waste management.

Hiriya Landfill, Israel.

Disposal of solid waste is most commonly conducted in landfills, but incineration, recycling,

composting and conversion to biofuels are also avenues. In the case of landfills, advanced

countries typically have rigid protocols for daily cover with topsoil, where underdeveloped

countries customarily rely upon less stringent protocols.[6] The importance of daily cover lies

in the reduction of vector contact and spreading of pathogens. Daily cover also minimises

odor emissions and reduces windblown litter. Likewise, developed countries typically haverequirements for perimeter sealing of the landfill with clay-type soils to minimize migration of

leachate that could contaminate groundwater (and hence jeopardize some drinking water

supplies).

For incineration options, the release of air pollutants, including certain toxic components is

an attendant adverse outcome. Recycling and biofuel conversion are the sustainable options

that generally have superior lifecycle costs, particularly when total ecological consequences

are considered.[7] Composting value will ultimately be limited by the market demand for

compost product.

__________________________________________________


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Swachh Bharat Mission for Urban Areas

The mission aims to cover 1.04 crore households, provide 2.5 lakh community toilets, 2.6

lakh public toilets, and a solid waste management facility in each town. Under the

programme, community toilets will be built in residential areas where it is difficult to construct

individual household toilets. Public toilets will also be constructed in designated locations

such as tourist places, markets, bus stations, railway stations, etc. The programme will be

implemented over a five-year period in 4,401 towns. Of the Rs 62,009 crore likely to be spent

on the programme, the Centre will pitch in Rs 14,623 crore. Of the Centres share of Rs14,623 crore, Rs 7,366 crore will be spent on solid waste management, Rs 4,165 crore on

individual household toilets, Rs 1,828 crore on public awareness and Rs 655 crore on

community toilets.

The programme includes elimination of open defecation, conversion of unsanitary toilets to

pour flush toilets, eradication of manual scavenging, municipal solid waste management and

bringing about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices.

Source : Swacch Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)

The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan has been restructured into the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin).

The mission aims to make India an open defecation free country in Five Years. Under the

mission, One lakh thirty four thousand crore rupees will be spent for construction of about 11

crore 11 lakh toilets in the country. Technology will be used on a large scale to convert waste

into wealth in rural India in the forms of bio-fertilizer and different forms of energy. The

mission is to be executed on war footing with the involvement of every gram panchayat,

panchayat samiti and Zila Parishad in the country, besides roping in large sections of rural

population and school teachers and students in this endeavor.

As part of the mission, for rural households, the provision for unit cost of individual household

latrine has been increased from Rs 10,000 to Rs 12,000 so as to provide for wateravailability, including for storing, hand-washing and cleaning of toilets. Central share for such

latrines will be Rs 9,000 while state share will be Rs 3,000. For North Eastern states, Jammu

& Kashmir and special category states, the Central share will be 10,800 and the state share

Rs 1,200. Additional contributions from other sources will be permitted.

Source : Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation

Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya campaign

The Swachh Bharat-Swachh Vidyalaya campaign of the Union Ministry of Human Resource

Development is being organised during 25th September, 2014 to 31st October 2014 in

Kendriya Vidyalays and Navodaya Vidyalya Sangathans. The activities to be taken up duringthe period include

Talk in the school assembly by a few children on different aspects of cleanliness every day

especially with regard to the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, on cleanliness & hygiene.

Cleaning of the class rooms, laboratories, libraries etc.

Cleaning of any statue installed in the school and a talk on the contribution of the person


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whose statue is installed in the school.

Cleaning of toilets and drinking water areas.

Cleaning of kitchen sheds stores etc.

Cleaning of playgrounds.

Cleaning and maintenance of school gardens.

Annual maintenance of the school buildings including white wash and painting.

Organise essay, debates, painting, competitions on cleanliness and hygiene.

Constitution of Childrens Cabinets to supervise and monitor cleanliness drive.

________________________________________________________________

EBMS is one of the nations premier industry leaders in health risk management and third

party administration of self-funded health benefit plans, designing strategies to transform the

health and wellbeing of individuals, organizations and communities.

________________________________________

Rajiv Gandhi Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan

FEATURE

Panchayati Raj

The key role of Panchayats in rural governance and socio-economic development has been

recognized since the 1950s. In the current context, the need to strengthen Panchayats has

intensified with the rise in expenditure on programmes of social welfare and inclusion, as

Panchayats are vital to ensure that the benefits of these schemes reach the people,

management of local institutions is improved and accountability is enhanced. There is need

to provide Panchayats with adequate technical and administrative support, strengthen their

infrastructure and e-enablement, promote devolution, improve their functioning i.e. regular

democratic meetings of the Panchayat, proper functioning of the standing committees,

voluntary disclosure and accountability of the Gram Sabha, proper maintenance of accounts

etc. It is against this background that the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Rajiv Gandhi

Panchayat Sashaktikaran Abhiyan (RGPSA) has been launched to strengthen Panchayati

Raj. This scheme was approved on 07.03.2013

The goals of the RGPSA are to enhance capacities and effectiveness of Panchayats and

the Gram Sabhas; Enable democratic decision-making and accountability in Panchayats

and promote peoples participation; Strengthen the institutional structure for knowledgecreation and capacity building of Panchayats; Promote devolution of powers and

responsibilities to Panchayats according to the spirit of the Constitution and PESA Act;

Strengthen Gram Sabhas to function effectively as the basic forum of peoples participation,

transparency and accountability within the Panchayat system; Create and strengthen

democratic local self-government in areas where Panchayats do not exist; and Strengthen

the constitutionally mandated framework on which Panchayats are founded.


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The scheme recognizes the fact that States have different needs and priorities and therefore

allows for State specific planning, whereby States can choose from a menu of permissible

activities. Moreover 20% scheme funds are linked to States performance on devolution and

accountability. States prepare perspective and annual plans to access funds under the

scheme. A Central Steering Committee headed by the Union Minister, Panchayati Raj

provides policy level guidance, while a Central Executive Committee headed by Union

Secretary, Panchayati Raj oversees the implementation of the scheme.

This scheme is applicable to all States/ UTs including those which presently are not covered

by Part IX of the Constitution.

States are required to fulfill some essential conditions for accessing any RGPSA

funds which include - Regular elections to Panchayats or local bodies in non-Part IX areas

under the superintendence and control of the State Election Commission (SEC); At least one

third reservation for women in Panchayats or other local bodies; Constitution of SFC every

five years, and placement of Action Taken Report on the recommendations of the SFC in the

State legislature; and Constitution of District Planning Committees (DPCs) in all districts,

and issuing of guidelines/rules to make these functional.

States that do not fulfill the above essential conditions are not eligible for funds under

RGPSA.

Twenty percent scheme funds are linked to action taken by the States for

implementation of the provisions of the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution of India in the

following areas - Articulating an appropriate policy framework for providing administrative

and technical support to Panchayats; Strengthening the financial base of Panchayats by

assigning appropriate taxes, fees, etc.; Provision of untied funds to Panchayats and timely

release of SFC and Central Finance Commission (CFC) grants; Ensuring devolution of

funds, functions and functionaries; Preparing and operationalizing a framework for bottom-

up grassroots planning and convergence through the DPC; Ensuring free and fair elections,and making the SEC autonomous; Strengthening the institutional structure for capacity

building of Panchayats, selecting suitable partners for capacity building, and improving

outreach and quality of capacity building; Putting in place a system of performance

assessment of Panchayats; Strengthening Gram Sabhas, promoting Mahila Sabhas/Ward

Sabhas; Institutionalizing accountability processes such as voluntary disclosure of

information and social audit; Strengthening the system of budgeting, accounts and audit,

including use of e-enabled processes. Maintenance of Panchayat accounts on-line at least

for District and Intermediate Panchayats. Issuing of guidelines/rules for voluntary disclosure

of budget and accounts by Panchayat, and ensuring compliance of State laws and rules with

PESA.

Activities that can be included in State plans under RGPSA are - Administrative and

Technical Support at the Gram Panchayat level; GP Buildings; Capacity Building and

Training of Elected Representatives & Functionaries; Institutional Structure for Training at

State, District & Block level; e-enablement of Panchayats; Support to Panchayat Processes

and Procedures in Panchayats with Inadequate Revenue Base; Special Support for Gram

Sabhas in PESA and NE Areas; Programme Management; Information, Education,

Communication (IEC); Strengthening of State Election Commission (SECs) and Innovative


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Activities in States. In addition, RGPSA will provide support to innovative projects to

strengthen Panchayati Raj and incentivize Panchayats for their performance.

By strengthening Panchayati Raj, RGPSA will strengthen grassroots governance in

the country, enhance accountability and increase the space for peoples participation.

____________________________________

:uIW3JI:';J!.1J[


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(iii) The ICAR Institutes and the KVKs which function in close cooperation with thevillage farming community will conduct awareness campaigns in the nearby villagesand towns involving farmers, farm women, school children and people of civil society.(iv) To bring awareness amongst ICAR employees and general public, humanchain formation will be done by the employees of ICAR Hqrs. at New Delhi andvarious institutes under ICAR located all over the country, on the occasion of NewYear, 2015.(v) The monthly reports on the activities undertaken by each institute will also beuploaded on the website of respective institutes and a detailed report will also be sent

to the Council.C. Five Year Action Plan (2014-19)The DAREflCAR and all its institutes/ establishments have also chalked out the FiveYear Action Plan on Swachh Bharat Mission as under:-(i) All ICAR establishments' including 643 KVKs functioning at District level, whichfunction in close cooperation with the village farming community, will conduct at least 1awareness campaign on Swachh Bharat Abhiyan per month in the nearby villages.They have been asked to adopt one nearby village and ensure to develop it into a clean,green and prosperous model village.(')(ii) Cleanliness drives including cleaning and sweeping of offices, corridors andpremises, weeding out old records, disposing of old and obsolete furniture, junk material

and regular white washing/painting in the establishment premises and areas in thevicinity at all the establishments of ICAR around the country will continue as ongoingactivity.(iii) Targets have been fixed for all the individual institutes/ establishments in termsof number of cleanliness drives to be undertaken during each month. Each staffmember of ICAR will ascertain to devote a minimum of 100 hours per year of his/ hertime exclusively for the "Swachh Bharat Abhiyan". The respective office will keep arecord of such target.(iv)All institutes/ centres will work towards development of clean and smart officesincluding setting up of modular computerized offices to replace the old offices to ensureuplifting of hygiene and cleanliness standards as well as to reduce congestion at workplace.(v)All the ICAR institutes/ establishments are engaged in activities pertaining to the

transfer of agricultural technologies/ package of practices in the adopted villagesincluding field days, technology demonstrations, on and off farm training programmes,in their areas of operation. The Swachh Bharat Mission will be integrated with theseTOT programmes where such activities will figure prominently.(vi) Large quantities of the bio-wastes are generated at the agricultural/ livestockfarms and agro processing centres. Focused attention will be given by the eachindividual institute towards technology transfer and ensuring wider adoption of the biowaste management technologies developed by ICAR institutes/ centres towardsminimizing and processing bio-wastes into clean and environment friendly biofuels andorganic manure.(vii) Clean and organic farming practices will be propagated among the farmingcommunity for improving the environment and the soil health.(vi) The monthly reports on the activities undertaken by each institute will also be

uploaded on the website of respective institutes and a detailed report will also be sentto the Council.(viii) Besides aforesaid action plan, all the. institutes/ establishments under ICAR havealso been asked to prepare & submit five yearly action plan on Swachh Bharat Missionto be undertaken till Oct 2019 and submit it to the council within one fortnight forcompilation and uploading it into e-Samiksha portal.


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____________________

SMART CITIES FOR URBANISATION

Government of India has envisioned the concept of building 100 smart new cities in the

country. The new government looks forward to the smart cities that will have better facilities,

better connectivity and better environment.

Elets Technomedia Pvt Ltd is pleased to announce 3rd Smart City 2014 event to be held in

New Delhi on 18th July, 2014. This event will focus on the various aspects of a smart city

including urban development, power, energy, transport, technology, green building, network

& communication technology, etc. The conference is supported by eGov and ICE Connect

magazine, Indias premiere magazines on ICT in governance and Infrastructure respectively.

________________

HAZARDOUS ELECTRONIC WASTE - E WASTE SANITATION

Electronic Waste (E-Waste)

What is E-Waste

E-Waste (Electronic Waste) is a popular, informal name for unwanted electronic products.

Items such as computers, TV's, VCR's, stereos, copiers, fax machines and telephones are

common electronic products that become unwanted as they are replaced by newer, more

advanced products. Some of these unwanted products can be reused or refurbished. Non-

profit, charitable organizations such as L.A. Shares, Goodwill Industries, the Salvation Army

and St. Vincent de Paul may accept electronic products that are in good working condition or

that may only need minor repairs in order to be reused. Contact these organizations directly

for more information.

The CRT Issue

Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT's) are the picture tubes in computer monitors and TV's. They are

found in virtually every household and office throughout the nation. With the rapid evolution

of technology, computers become obsolete in a short period of time. With the coming advent

of High Definition (HD) digital TV's, current analog TV's will become obsolete. Each year, an

estimated six million CRT's are discarded in California. A typical 17-inch CRT contains

approximately two pounds of lead. Larger CRT's may contain up to ten pounds of lead. Lead

is a known toxic substance and disposal of CRT's in landfills can cause the pollution of soil

and groundwater. California's Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has declared

that CRT's are banned from disposal in landfills.

Consumer Electronic Devices (CEDs)

CED's are common consumer electronic devices that are used in the home or office, such as

telephones, cellular phones, answering machines, radios, stereo equipment, tape

players/recorders, phonographs, video cassette players/recorders, compact disc

players/recorders, calculators, copiers and fax machines. The DTSC has determined that

CED's contain toxic substances and should not be disposed of in landfills.


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What You Can Do

The Bureau of Sanitation has established a number of permanent collection sites throughout

the City, known as S.A.F.E. CENTERS. These S.A.F.E. CENTERS are open every weekend

and provide a timely and convenient way to dispose of your residential, household e-waste.

In addition, the Bureau of Sanitation's Residential Special Materials Collection Program

sponsors periodic mobile collection events throughout the City, where residents can drop-off

their unwanted household electronic equipment to be recycled and/or disposed properly.

Residents are limited to a total of six pieces per visit to a SAFE Center. Of the six pieces, nomore than two pieces can be CRT-related. Small items (mouses, cables, modems, cell

phones, etc.) can be packed in a carton box and that carton will be considered one item.

NATIONAL URBAN LIVELY HOOD MISSIONTo reduce poverty and vulnerability of the urban poor households by enabling them toaccess gainful self employment and skilled wage employment opportunities,resulting in anappreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis,through building stronggrassroots level institutions of the poor.The mission would aim at providing shelters equippedwith essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner.In addition,the missionwould also address livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors by facilitating access tosuitable spaces,institutional credit,social security and skills to the urban street vendors for

accessing emerging market opportunities.


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Areas)
















______________________________________________

Sanitation

















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Contents [hide]


1.1 Collection

1.2 Treatment





2.1 Dry sanitation






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4 Food preparation

5 Health impacts


7 History

8 References

9 External links


Collection[edit]













Treatment[edit]









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supplies).





compost product.

__________________________________________________


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community toilets.





























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________________________________________________________________




________________________________________


FEATURE

Panchayati Raj






















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RGPSA.

















PESA.









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____________________________________

:uIW3JI:';J!.1J[


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____________________


Government of India has envisioned the concept of building 100 smart new cities in the

country. The new government looks forward to the smart cities that will have better facilities,

better connectivity and better environment.

Elets Technomedia Pvt Ltd is pleased to announce 3rd Smart City 2014 event to be held in

New Delhi on 18th July, 2014. This event will focus on the various aspects of a smart city

including urban development, power, energy, transport, technology, green building, network

& communication technology, etc. The conference is supported by eGov and ICE Connect

magazine, Indias premiere magazines on ICT in governance and Infrastructure respectively.

________________

HAZARDOUS ELECTRONIC WASTE - E WASTE SANITATION

Electronic Waste (E-Waste)

What is E-Waste

E-Waste (Electronic Waste) is a popular, informal name for unwanted electronic products.

Items such as computers, TV's, VCR's, stereos, copiers, fax machines and telephones are

common electronic products that become unwanted as they are replaced by newer, more

advanced products. Some of these unwanted products can be reused or refurbished. Non-

profit, charitable organizations such as L.A. Shares, Goodwill Industries, the Salvation Army

and St. Vincent de Paul may accept electronic products that are in good working condition or

that may only need minor repairs in order to be reused. Contact these organizations directly

for more information.

The CRT Issue

Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT's) are the picture tubes in computer monitors and TV's. They are

found in virtually every household and office throughout the nation. With the rapid evolution

of technology, computers become obsolete in a short period of time. With the coming advent

of High Definition (HD) digital TV's, current analog TV's will become obsolete. Each year, an

estimated six million CRT's are discarded in California. A typical 17-inch CRT contains

approximately two pounds of lead. Larger CRT's may contain up to ten pounds of lead. Lead

is a known toxic substance and disposal of CRT's in landfills can cause the pollution of soil

and groundwater. California's Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has declared

that CRT's are banned from disposal in landfills.

Consumer Electronic Devices (CEDs)

CED's are common consumer electronic devices that are used in the home or office, such as

telephones, cellular phones, answering machines, radios, stereo equipment, tape

players/recorders, phonographs, video cassette players/recorders, compact disc

players/recorders, calculators, copiers and fax machines. The DTSC has determined that

CED's contain toxic substances and should not be disposed of in landfills.


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What You Can Do

The Bureau of Sanitation has established a number of permanent collection sites throughout

the City, known as S.A.F.E. CENTERS. These S.A.F.E. CENTERS are open every weekend

and provide a timely and convenient way to dispose of your residential, household e-waste.

In addition, the Bureau of Sanitation's Residential Special Materials Collection Program

sponsors periodic mobile collection events throughout the City, where residents can drop-off

their unwanted household electronic equipment to be recycled and/or disposed properly.

Residents are limited to a total of six pieces per visit to a SAFE Center. Of the six pieces, nomore than two pieces can be CRT-related. Small items (mouses, cables, modems, cell

phones, etc.) can be packed in a carton box and that carton will be considered one item.

NATIONAL URBAN LIVELY HOOD MISSIONTo reduce poverty and vulnerability of the urban poor households by enabling them toaccess gainful self employment and skilled wage employment opportunities,resulting in anappreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis,through building stronggrassroots level institutions of the poor.The mission would aim at providing shelters equippedwith essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner.In addition,the missionwould also address livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors by facilitating access tosuitable spaces,institutional credit,social security and skills to the urban street vendors for

accessing emerging market opportunities.


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Areas)
















______________________________________________

Sanitation

















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Contents [hide]


1.1 Collection

1.2 Treatment





2.1 Dry sanitation






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4 Food preparation

5 Health impacts


7 History

8 References

9 External links


Collection[edit]













Treatment[edit]









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supplies).





compost product.

__________________________________________________


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community toilets.





























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________________________________________________________________




________________________________________


FEATURE

Panchayati Raj






















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RGPSA.

















PESA.









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Swachh Bharat.pdf