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Symbolic safety signs —
Part 1: Standard signs and general requirement
BOTSWANA STANDARD BOS 6:1999
BO
S 6
:199
9
BOTSWANA BUREAU OF STANDARDS
BOS 6:1999
i
Contents Page
Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………….………………… .ii
1 Scope…………………………………………..…………………………….…………………….………… 1
2 Normative references……………………………………………………………….…………………….... 1
3 Definitions…………………………………………………………………………………..…………...…… 1
4 Requirements………………………………………..….………………………..……………..…………… 2
4.1 General..…………………………………………………….…………..………..………………………. 4
4.2 Type designation……….…..……………………………………………………..….………..……………….. 4
4.3 Dimensions....……………………………………………………………………...……………….……. 5
4.4 Materials of backing sheets for standard, retro-reflective, and photoluminescent signs...…………..………………………………………………………………………………………... 5
4.5 Embossed signs…………………………..…………………….………………….……………………. 6
4.6 Colour of signs.………………………………..………………………………………….……………… 6
4.7 Application of signs…….………………………………………….…..…………………………………. 8
4.8 Workmanship………………….…………………………………………….….……………….……….. 9
4.9 performance.………………………………………………………………………….………………….. 9
5 Inspection and methods of test ….....…………………………………………………..……………….… 9
5.1 Inspection………………………………………………………………….…………………...………… 9
5.2 Sequence of testing……….…..…………………………………………..……………..……………… 10
5.3 Test for chromaticity and luminance factor………………………………………….………..………. 10
5.4 Resistance to immersion in water..……………………………………..……………………………… 10
5.5 Resistance to artificial weathering……………………………………………………………………… 10
5.6 Adhesion of decals………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
6 Packing and marking…………………………………………….…………………………………………. 11
6.2 Packing……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11
6.3 Marking……………………………………………...…………………………………………………….. 11
Table 7 Signs and their meanings…………………………………………………………………..………. 11-36
Annexes
A Notes to purchasers………………………………………………………………………………..…….…. 37
B Quality verification of symbolic safety signs…………………………………..…………...…………….. 38
C Positioning, fixing, illumination and maintenance of signs………………………………………...……. 39
BOS 6:1999
ii
Foreword
This Botswana Standard was approved by the Standards Council on 1999-11-11.
The Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) was established under the Standards Act No. 16 of 1995 with a primary responsibility of preparing Botswana Standards.
During the preparation of this standard, assistance was derived from a South African Standard, SABS 1186 Part 1, published by the South African Bureau of Standards.
The following member organizations were directly represented in the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) technical committee.
Ministry of Commerce and Industry Mr D K Poloko (Chairperson) Petroleum Management Unit
Botswana Bureau of Standards Mr O C Lopang (Technical Secretary)
Air Liquide Botswana Mr P Fenton
Botswana Oxygen Company Mr J Narayadoo
BP Botswana Mr S Modisaemang
Ministry of Commerce and Industry Ms C Bogosi Consumer Affairs Division
Easigas (Pty) Ltd Mr B Simms
Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Affairs Mr O M Seretse Energy Affairs Division
Gaborone City Council Mr R P Passi Fire Department
Ministry of Commerce and Industry Mr M Betha Petroleum Management Unit
Total Botswana Mr S D Mfosi
Ministry of Commerce and Industry Mr P T Molefe Weights and Measures
Published by:
Botswana Bureau of Standards Private Bag BO 48 Gaborone Botswana Telephone: 267 564044 Fax: 267 564042 Email: [email protected] ICS 01.080.10; 13.100
© Botswana Bureau of Standards, 1999.
BOS 6-1:1999
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Symbolic safety signs —
Part 1: Standard signs and general requirements
1 Scope
This part of BOS 6 specifies requirements for standard ordinary non-reflective symbolic safety signs, including signs applied on mirrors or on vinyl sheets (decals). It also specifies general requirements applicable to self-luminous (radioluminescent), internally illuminated, retro-reflective and photoluminescent symbolic safety signs (complete with their backing sheets, where applicable).
2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of BOS 6. All standards are subject to revision and, since any reference to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard, parties to agreements based on this part of BOS 6 are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. Information on currently valid national and International Standards can be obtained from the Botswana Bureau of Standards.
CIE publication 15, Colorimetry
CIE publication 54, Retroreflection – Definition and measurement
SABS 1091, National colour standards for paint
SABS 1186-2, Symbolic safety signs – Part 2: Self-luminous (radioluminescent) signs.
SABS method 182, Resistance to laboratory artificial weathering of paint films.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of BOS 6, the following definitions apply.
3.1 acceptable : Acceptable to the parties concluding the purchase contract, but in relation to the certification mark and to inspections carried out by the BOBS, acceptable to the Botswana Bureau of Standards.
3.2 decal : A sign on a thin vinyl or retro-reflective sheet that is pressure sensitive and that, when a paper liner is peeled off and pressure is applied, will adhere to a flat surface.
3.3 defective : A sign that fails to comply in one or more respects with the relevant requirements of this part of BOS 6
3.4 fire fighting information (FB) sign : A safety sign that provides information for the fire fighting purposes.
3.5 general information (GA) sign : A safety sign that provides information of a general nature and of safe conditions.
3.6 internally illuminated sign : A box type safety sign that contains a light source and with one or more sides that consist of transparent pictograms. 3.7 lot : As agreed upon between BOBS and the manufacturer, and submitted at any one time for inspection and testing.
3.8 mandatory (MV) sign : A safety sign that indicates that a specific course of action is to be taken.
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3.9 photoluminescent sign : A type of sign that emits light as the result of the absorption of radiation, and that continues for a noticeable length of time after excitation.
3.10 plastics material : A plastics material that is capable of performing the required function(s) and that is based on a polymer of a grade recommended by the polymer manufacturer as being suitable for the specific purpose(s).
3.11 prohibition (PV) sign : A safety sign that indicates that certain behaviour is prohibited.
3.12 reflective sign : A sign from which light is preferentially reflected in directions close to the opposite of the direction of incidence, this property being maintained over wide variations in the direction of incidence.
3.13 safety colour : A colour of special properties, to which the meaning of safety is attributed.
3.14 safety sign (symbolic safety sign) : A sign that conveys a general safety message, by using a combination of colour and geometric shape and that, by the addition of a graphic symbol or text, conveys a particular safety message.
NOTE: Where necessary, the safety sign may be accompanied by a supplementary sign.
3.15 self-luminous sign : A type of sign that is self-energized in respect of luminosity and requires no external source of power.
3.16 supplementary sign : A sign with text that can be used in conjunction with a safety sign in order to provide additional information.
3.17 warning (WW) sign : A safety sign that conveys the warning of a hazard.
4 Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Safety colours
The general meanings assigned to safety colours shall be as given in Table 1.
Table 1 – General meanings of safety colours
Safety colour
Meaning or objective
Example of use Suitable SABS 1091 colour
Red 1) Prohibition Prohibition signs Signal red (A11)
Blue 2)
Mandatory action
In a sign, to wear personal protective equipment
Ultramarine blue (FO9)
Yellow Warning, risk of danger
In an indication of danger (fire, explosion, radiation, toxic hazard etc). In a warning of steps, low passages, obstacles
Golden yellow (B49)
Green Information, safe condition
Escape routes
Emergency exists
Emergency showers
First-aid and rescue stations
Emerald green (E14)
1) Red This colour is also used for the fire prevention and fire fighting equipment and the location thereof
2) Blue is considered a safety colour only if it is used in a circular shape
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4.1.2 Contrast colours
If a contrast colour is required for a safety colour, the corresponding contrast colour given in Table 2 shall be used.
Table 2 – Contrast colours
Safety colour Corresponding contrast colour Red White a) Blue White a) Yellow Black Green White a) In the case of self- luminous (radioluminescent) and photo-luminescent safety signs, radioluminescent green or radioluminescent red and photoluminescent white, respectively, shall be used instead of white. The contrast colour for white shall be black and for black shall be white.
4.1.3 Geometric form and meaning of safety signs
The geometric form of a safety sign shall be as given in Table 3.
Table 3 – Geometric form of safety signs
Geometric form Meaning
Prohibition or mandatory action
Warning
Informative, fire fighting Informative, general instructions
4.2 Type designation
4.2.1 Designation of signs
A sign shall be identified by the appropriate type designation given in column 3 of Table 4.
Table 4 – Type designation
Geometric shape Meaning Type designation
Circular (annular or disc) Prohibition PV
Circular (disc) Mandatory action MV
Triangular Warning WW
Square Informative, fire fighting FB
Square Informative, general instruction GA
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4.2.2 Types and meanings
The signs shall conform to the signs given in Table 7 and shall be of one of the following types, as required, (see annex A):
a) standard (non-reflective);
b) self-luminous (radioluminescent) (see SABS 1186-2);
c) internally illuminated (see SABS 1186-3);
d) retro-reflective (see SABS 1186-4); and
e) photoluminescent (see SABS 1186-5).
4.2.3 Messages displayed by signs
Although each of the signs in Table 7 is designed to convey a message on its own, nothing prevents the user from displaying the message to be conveyed in written form.
4.2.4 Signs for reproduction purposes
The replicas of the signs given in Table 7 shall not be used for reproduction purposes. 1
4.3 Dimensions
4.3.1 Overall dimensions
The overall dimensions of a sign shall be as given in Table 5.
Table 5 – Dimensions of signs
Height Tolerance Size of backing mirror/sheet
mm mm Width Tolerance
100 ± 2 100 a) ± 2
125 ± 2 125 b) ± 2
150 ± 2 150 ± 2
190 ± 2 190 ± 2
290 ± 2 290 ± 2
440 ± 2 440 ± 2
880 ± 2 880 ± 2
a) This size is to be used for signs of type WW7 only
b) This dimension is only applicable to signs covered by SABS 1186-2
4.3.2 Dimensions of pictograms
4.3.2.1 General
The height, width or diameter of the pictogram on a sign shall occupy between 75 % and 90 % of the corresponding dimensions of the backing sheet.
4.3.2.2 Pictogram with oblique diametral line
In the case of a prohibition sign that has an oblique diametral line:
1 Art work suitable for reproduction is obtainable from BOBS, Private Bag BO 48, Gaborone
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a) the oblique diametral line shall be at an angle of 45o ± 1o to the vertical and shall slope downwards from left to right; and
b) the pictogram shall be discontinued on both sides of the oblique diametral line, and there shall be on both sides of this line, a gap width not exceeding 1.0 mm between the pictogram and the oblique diametral line.
4.4 Materials of backing sheets for standard, retro -reflective and photoluminnescent signs
Except in the case of decals, the backing sheet for a standard, retro-reflective or photoluminescent sign shall be made of one of the following materials as required:
a) an aluminium sheet, of thickness not less than 0.30 mm in the case of sheets of size not exceeding 440 mm x 440 mm, and not less than 1.0 mm in the case of sheets of size 880 mm x 880 mm;
b) a steel sheet, of thickness not less than 0.40 mm in the case of sheets of size not exceeding 440 mm x 440 mm, and not less than 0.80 mm in the case of sheets of size 880 mm x 880 mm;
c) an acceptable plastic material that is water and oil resistant, of thickness not less than 0.9 mm and insensitive to thermal distortion at the highest environmental temperatures likely to be encountered.
4.5 Embossed signs
When so required, the pictogram and, when relevant, the border line of a sign may be embossed. An embossed sign shall be produced only on a metal backing plate or on a plastics backing sheet.
The height of the embossing shall be not less than 1 mm and not exceeding 2 mm.
4.6 Colours of signs
4.6.1 Front
The colours of a sign shall be as given in Table 1 and Table 2, and the margins (i.e. the parts of the backing sheets outside the limits of the geometric shape) shall be white.
4.6.2 Chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance facto rs or ordinary surface colours
When determined in accordance with 5.3 both before and after weathering, the chromaticity co-ordinates of ordinary (non-reflective) surface colours shall be within the relevant boundaries in the chromaticity diagram (see Figure 1) and the luminance factor shall be as given in Table 6. The co-ordinates of the corners (points of intersection) of the regions in the chromaticity diagram are given in Table 6.
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Table 6 – Chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance factors for ordinary surface colours
Colour
Chromaticity co-ordinates of the corners of the reg ions on the chromaticity diagram (figure 1) Illuminant D* 65, 45/0 geometry
Luminance factor
Red
X y
0.690 0.310
0.595 0.315
0.569 0.341
0.655 0.345
≥0.07
Yellow
X y
0.519 0.480
0.468 0.442
0.427 0.483
0.465 0.534
≥0.45
Green X y
0.230 0.754
0.291 0.438
0.248 0.409
0.007 0.703
≥0.12
Blue X y
0.078 0.171
0.150 0.220
0.210 0.160
0.137 0.038
≥0.05
White X y
0.350 0.360
0.300 0.310
0.290 0.320
0.340 0.370
≥0.75
Black X y
0.385 0.355
0.300 0.270
0.260 0.310
0.345 0.395
≥0.03
• See CIE publication 15.
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4.7 Application of signs
4.7.1 General
A sign shall be applied to a backing sheet in such a way that it is symmetrical.
4.7.2 Standard sign
In the case of a standard sign that is applied to a plastics backing sheet, each colour of the sign shall be of such density as to ensure complete opacity after the application of the sign in order to prevent the colour of
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50 0.45 0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
x co-ordinate
0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75
x = 0.000 y = 0.000 z = 1.000
Figure 1 - Chromaticity co-ordinates – Boundaries f or ordinary surface colours (see table 6)
Y c
o-or
dina
tes
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the underlying backing sheet from showing through the colour of the sign. Overlaid colours shall not separate from the backing sheet, and there shall be no bleeding of colour from the backing sheet.
4.8 Workmanship
A sign shall be free from rough and sharp edges, warps, dents, cavities and other surface irregularities. Coated surfaces shall be smooth, free from grittiness, runs, wrinkles, brush marks and orange peel.
4.9 Performance
4.9.1 Resistance to immersion in water
After the immersion of a sign in accordance with 5.4;
a) a coated surface shall show no sign of blistering, wrinkling or loss of adhesion, and
b) the back and all edges of the sign shall show no sign of corrosion.
4.9.2 Resistance to artificial weathering
When a sign is tested in accordance with 5.5:
a) the coating on the front surface of each test specimen shall comply with the following requirements:
1) the coating(s) shall show no sign of chalking or cracking; and
2) the chromaticity co-ordinates of the ordinary surface colours shall be within the relevant boundaries in the chromaticity diagram (see figure 1) and the luminance factor shall be as given in table 6. For the co-ordinates of the corners (points of intersection) of the regions on the diagram, see table 6; and
b) the back and all edges of the sign shall show no sign of corrosion.
4.9.3 Strength of adhesion of decals
When a decal is tested in accordance with 5,6:
a) the liner shall not break or tear or remove any of the adhesive from the decal, and
b) the distance of peeling shall not exceed 40 mm
5 Inspection and methods of test
5.1 Inspection
Visually examine and then measure each sign in the sample for compliance with all the appropriate requirements for which tests to assess compliance are not given in 5.3 to 5.6 (inclusive).
5.2 Sequence of testing
Carry out the tests in the order in which they are given.
5.3 Test for chromaticity and luminance factor
Use a spectrophotometer or another suitable colour measuring device, and the method given in CIE publication 15 (E-1.3.1) and in CIE publication 54 to determine the chromaticity co-ordinates and the luminance factor of the sample (using standard illuminant D 65 and 45/0 geometry), and check for compliance with 4.6.2.
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5.4 Resistance to immersion in water
Immerse each sign for a period of 24 hours in distilled water at a temperature of 25 oC ± 2 oC. Examine the sign for compliance with 4.9.1 (a) and (b).
5.5 Resistance to artificial weathering
5.5.1 Test specimen
From each sign used in the test given in 5.3, cut a test specimen, of size approximately 150 mm x 70 mm or 100 mm x 70 mm, as to include as much of each colour on the sign as practicable and as many of the edges and holes as possible. Except in the case of plastics signs, seal all the cut edges of each specimen.
5.5.2 Procedure
Use the apparatus and procedure given in SABS method 182 and expose the specimen (s) to artificial weathering. After 1 000 h, examine the specimen (s) for compliance with 4.9.2 (a) (1) and 4.9.2 (b) and test each colour on the specimen(s) for compliance with 4.9.2. (a) (2).
5.6 Adhesion of decals
5.6.1 Equipment
5.6.1.1 Oven
It should be maintained at 70 oC ± 2 oC
5.6.1.2 Two test panels
These should be (as relevant) of size 50 mm x 150 mm.
5.6.1.3 Flat metal panels
These of size at least 100 mm x 150 mm and of mass 225 g.
5.6.1.4 Two mass-pieces : each with a mass of 750 g.
5.6.2 Procedure
a) Cut two test pieces each of size 50 mm x 150 mm from the decal and place them side by side in the oven and cover them with the metal sheet. After 4 hours, remove the test pieces from the oven and condition them for 24 hours at a temperature of 25 oC ± 2 oC. Then cut one specimen of size 25 mm x 150 mm from each test piece (retain remainder of each test piece), remove the liner by hand without the use of water or other solvent (s), and examine the liner and the decal for compliance with 4.9.3 (a).
b) Apply 75 mm of one end of each of the retained remainders of the test pieces to a test panel and condition them for 24 hours at a temperature of 25 oC ±2 oC. Suspend the panels in a horizontal position with the specimens facings downward. Attach a 750 g mass-piece to the free end of each specimen and allow them to hand free at right angles to the surface of the panels for 5 minutes. At the end of the 5 minutes period, measure the distance of peeling and check for compliance with 4.9.3 (b).
6 Packing and marking
6.1 Packing
Only signs of the same type designation, material and size shall be packed together. The front of each sign shall be covered with a suitable material and the signs shall be so packed as to ensure that they are not damaged during normal handling, transportation and storage.
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6.2 Marking
The following information shall be legibly and permanently marked on the front of each sign:
a) the manufacturer’s name, trade name or trade mark, and
b) the certification mark with the number of this standard (but see the notice on page ii).
The space occupied by the marking shall not exceed 12 mm in height and 25 mm in width.
A label shall be attached to each packet of decals. An informative note to the effect that the decals are to be applied to a surface that is continuous, flat, rigid, smooth and weatherproof shall appear on the label.
Table 7 – Signs and their meanings
Type designation Sign Meaning
FB 1
Location of fire-fighting equipment
FB 2
Fire extinguisher
FB 3
Fire hose
FB 4
Fire hydrant
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign
Meaning
FB 5
Fire alarm
FB 6
Sprinkler stop valve
FB 7
Fire telephone
FB 8
Fire pump connection
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Table 7 (continued
Type designation Sign Meaning
FB 9
Location of fire blanket
FB 10
Fire marshal
GA 1
First-aid equipment
GA 2
General direction
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
GA 3
Direction to escape route
GA 4
Direction to escape route
GA 5
Manned first-aid station
GA 6
Drinking water
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
GA 7
Blasting point
GA 8
Travelling way
GA 9
Refuelling point
GA 10
Ladies toilet
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
GA 11
Gents toilet
GA 12
Refuge chamber
GA 13
Telephone
GA 14
Waiting place
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign
Meaning
GA 15
Emergency telephone
GA 16
Electric isolator switch
GA 17
Stairs going down
GA 18
Stairs going up
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Table 7 (conitnued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
GA 19
Eye wash
GA 20
Safety shower
GA 21
Location of bomb bag
GA 22
Allocated to or accessible to wheelchair
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
MV 1
Eye protection shall be worn
MV 2
Respiratory protection shall be worn
MV 3
Head protection shall be worn
MV 4
Hearing protection shall be worn
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Table 7 (continued)
MV 5
Hand protection shall be worn
MV 6
Foot and leg protection against liquids shall be
worn
MV 7
Foot protection against crushing shall be worn
MV 8
Safety harness and lifelines shall be worn
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign
Meaning
MV 9
Apron shall be worn
MV 10
Face protection shall be worn
MV 11
Air-supplied hood shall be worn
MV 12
Dust mask shall be worn
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Table 7 (continued))
Type designation Sign
Meaning
MV 13
Air extraction shall be used
MV 14
Keep the area clean
MV 15
Screening shall be used
MV 16
Safety cage shall be used
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign
Meaning
PV 1
Smoking prohibited
PV 2
Fire and open flames prohibited
PV 3
No thoroughfare for pedestrians
PV 4
Water prohibited as extinguishing agent
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Table 7 (Continued)
Sign designation Sign
Meaning
PV 5
Drinking water is prohibited
PV 6
Proceeding beyond this point is prohibited
PV 7
Cycling prohibited
PV 8
Carrying of long material prohibited
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
PV 9
Hand trolleys prohibited
PV 10
Tractors and fork-lifts prohibited beyond this
point
PV 12
Loose clothing, ties, jewellery and unconfined
long hair prohibited
PV 13
Dumping prohibited
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
PV 14
No stacking, do not obstruct
PV 15
No entry for heavy vehicles
PV 16
No entry for vehicles
PV 17
Locomotives prohibited beyond this point
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Table 7 (continued)
Type designation Sign Meaning
PV 18
Wearing of safety helmets prohibited
PV 19
Carrying of fire-arms prohibited
PV 20
Dogs prohibited
PV 21
Cameras prohibited
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Table 7 (Continued)
Type
designation
Sign Meaning
PV 22
Alcohol prohibited
PV 23
Littering prohibited
WW 1
General warning of hazard
WW 2
Beware of fire hazard
Table 7 (continued)
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Type designation
Sign Meaning
WW 3
Beware of explosion hazard
WW 4
Beware of corrosive hazards
WW 5
Beware of poisonous substances
WW 6
Beware of ionizing radiation
Table 7 (continued)
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Type designation
Sign Meaning
WW 7
Beware of electric shock
WW 8
Beware of suspended loads
WW 9
Beware of methane
WW 10
Beware of fragile surface
Table 7 (continued)
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Type designation
Meaning Meaning
WW 11
Beware of biological hazard
WW 12
Beware of laser hazard
WW 13
Beware of asbestos
WW 14
Beware of workers overhead
Table 7 (continued)
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Type designation Sign Meaning
WW 15
Beware of carbondioxide
WW 16
Beware of slippery walking surface
WW 17
Beware of moving machinery
WW 18
Beware of cold burns
Table 7 (continued)
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Type deisgnation
Sign Meaning
WW 19
Beware of dogs
WW 20
Beware of fork-lifts
WW 22
Beware of slippery steps
WW 23
Beware of exposed live high-voltage equipment
Table 7 (continued)
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Type designation
Sign Meaning
WW 21
Beware of material falling from moving conveyor belt
WW 24
Beware of swinging object
WW 25
Beware of confined gases
WW 26
Beware of non-ionizing radiation
Table 7 (continued)
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Type designation Sign
Meaning
WW 27
Beware of electro-magnetic interference on heart
pacemaker
WW 28
Beware of confined space
