Upload
wyanet
View
27
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Synergies between solar UV radiometry and imaging. Matthieu Kretzschmar ° Jean-François Hochedez ° Véronique Delouille ° Vincent Barra * Thierry Dudok de Witte ‘. ° Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels * ISIMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France ‘ LPCE, Orléans, France. A curtain !. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Synergies between solar UV radiometry and imaging
Matthieu Kretzschmar ° Jean-François Hochedez °Véronique Delouille °Vincent Barra *Thierry Dudok de Witte ‘
° Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels* ISIMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France‘ LPCE, Orléans, France
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
A metaphor about multi-dimensionality
A snake !
A wall !
A curtain !Dr Elephant
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Dimensions of (solar UV) observations
Spatial resolution
Field of ViewCadence
Exposure time
Temporal coverage(Long-term and duty cycle)
Spectral range & resolution +polarimetric diagnostics
Effective area, calibration & signal to noise
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Imagers vs. spectro-radiometers
Radiometer
TIMED-SEE, PROBA2-LYRA…– No spatial resolution– Spectral resolution!– Inflight re-calibrated– Full Sun
– More or less spectral resolution
– Avoid time gaps– Good cadence & SNR
EUV Imagers
SOHO-EIT, PROBA2-SWAP…– Imaging
Optical design or rastering
– Flatfield issues– Partial FOV– Multilayer passbands– Usually not 100% duty cycle
– Possible polarimetry– Photon limited
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
SWAP & LYRA« the High-cadence solar mission »
Image courtesy: Verhaert
• Launch end 2007 (2-year mission)• 60 cm x 70 cm x 85 cm, 120 kg• LEO dawn-dusk orbit• Demonstrate new space technologies
IIII
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
The solar payload of PROBA2
• LYRA– VUV, EUV & XUV radiometer– PI: JF Hochedez
– LYRA.oma.be
• SWAP– EUV imager– PIs: D Berghmans JM Defise
– SWAP.oma.beSun
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
LYRA highlights
4 channels covering a wide temperature range 1. 200-220 nm Herzberg continuum range2. Lyman-alpha (121.6 nm)3. Aluminium filter channel (17-70 nm) incl. He II at 30.4 nm4. Zirconium filter XUV channel (1-20 nm) (rejects strongly He II)
Traceable to radiometric standards– Calibration campaigns at PTB Bessy synchrotron
In-flight stability– Rad-hard, not-cooled, oxide-less diamond UV sensors– 2 different LEDs per detector– Redundancy (3 units)
High cadence (up to 100Hz) Quasi-continuous acquisition during mission lifetime
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Dec 2005 tbc
April 2006 tbc
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
One of the 3 LYRA units
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
SWAP highlights
1 channel at 17.4 nm, 1kx1k CMOS-APS detector Detector and global instrument calibrated at PTB Good cadence
– 1 min consistent with spatial resolution
Quasi-continuous acquisition during mission lifetime– Duty cycle limited by telemetry only
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
PROBA2SWAP
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
SWAP TARGETS
Dimmings EIT wave Post-eruption arcade
Erupting prominences
Loop openings Plasmoid lifting
Flares
Spatial resolution:
Temporal resolution: - Nominal: - Optimal/max:
Spectral resolution:
How can SWAP and LYRA work together?
SWAP
3,11’’
1 mn~ 10s
17.5 nm1nm FWHM
LYRA
None
~ 50 ms 10 ms
[0,20]nm
[17,70]nm
121.6 nm
[200-220]nm
Time
… x 1200
Wavelength
0 mn 1 mn
Spectral information
Can we use the fact that the spectral overlap between the Al & Zr LYRA channels corresponds roughly to the SWAP pass band ?
– No TBC Can we use the 4 (wide ) LYRA pass bands to model 17.5nm?
– DEM-like, statistical and/or empirical methods 2 pass bands are optically thick
Wavelength (nm)
1 20
17 70
121
200 220
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Plasma temperatures seen by SWAP and LYRA
Corona (cold 1MK, and ‘hot’ 10MK) Transition region + Corona. Corona mainly cold
LYRA & SWAP spectral coverage are very different
useful to think in term of T°
Contribution functions(assuming thermal equilibrium)
ZirconiumAluminium
SWAP
104 105 108106 107
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Preliminary conclusions oncombining spectral information
Hard to “spectrally” combine LYRA and SWAP
But, LYRA Al and Zr include SWAP LYRA-Zr and SWAP observe ~same plasma
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Using SWAP to identify the regions that make the irradiance vary
EUV irradiance model– track AR, QS, CH– Cf. NRLEUV (Warren et al
2001), Kretzschmar et al 2004
If success, whole spectral irradiance variability is modeled
– hence LYRA time series (at SWAP cadence only)
Mid-term variation
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Using SWAP to identify the regions that make the LYRA irradiances vary
A prospectful new field
4 LYRA pass bands chronology of solar events in different parts of the solar atmosphere
Can we observe irradiance counterparts
– brightenings, dimmings, others?
SEM:0-50 nm
Small-term variations
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Temporal evolution (1/3)Using radiometers to re-calibrate imagers
If roughly the same plasma, one expects similar normalized variations for integrated count rates
Cross-calibrations mutually improve long-term stability
SEM [0.5-50nm]
EIT 19.5 nm (integrated)
Comparing instruments with different aim(s) and pass bands…
e.g. SEM Flares not visible in the integrated EIT flux at 19.5
Temporal evolution (2/3)Contribution of solar regions to irradiance variations
Method:• Segment regions by hand on 1st image• Rotate images so that regions of interest appear always at the same position. • Not the best method but fast and quite easy• The rotation induces some unwanted effects
Results are indicative & illustrative
Data:1st of April 1997; Several flares and EIT wavesEIT image at 19.5 nm every 12 minIrradiance data from SEM
0.1-50 nm and 26-34nm, cadence 5 min
Temporal evolution (2/3)Contribution of solar regions to irradiance variations
last
First image
Last, and rotated
SEM [0.5-50nm]
EIT 19.5 nm (integrated)
Last image
Last image(rotated)
last
First image
Last, and rotated
SEM [0.5-50nm]
EIT 19.5 nm (integrated)
ACTIVE REGION 1 (AR1)
Last image(rotated)
last
First image
Last, and rotated
SEM [0.5-50nm]
EIT 19.5 nm (integrated)
ACTIVE REGION 2 (AR2)
Last image(rotated)
last
First image
Last, and rotated
SEM [0.5-50nm]
EIT 19.5 nm (integrated)
QUIET SUN 1 (QS1)
Last image(rotated)
last
First image
Last, and rotated
SEM [0.5-50nm]
EIT 19.5 nm (integrated)
QUIET SUN 2 (QS2)
Last image(rotated)
SEM 0.1-50 nm
SEM 30.4 nm
AR1
AR2
QS1
QS2 (around AR)
1. Most of the activity associated to AR1
2. AR2 anti-correlated?
3. Some SEM flares not seen in EIT
4. Finer details!
Instrumental pb
SEM 0.1-50 nm
SEM 30.4 nm
AR1
AR2
QS1
QS2 (around AR)
EIT difference images
SEM 0.1-50 nm
SEM 30.4 nm
AR 1
AR 2
QS 1
QS2
Bright front of EIT wave
Flare
.. And dimming
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Temporal evolution (3/3)
Imagers can potentially compute irradiance for other heliospheric directions
– i.e. other planets– c.f. Auchère et al 2005
Use hi-cadence radiometer time series to decrease temporal aliasing in image sequences…
– Having assessed expected variability = f(x,y)
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Using LYRA for aeronomy studies
PROBA2 has eclipse periods. During occultation, it will see the Sun thru the Earth’s atmosphere
This allows LYRA to measure the attenuation of the solar flux from which one can derive atmospheric properties
Apparent Sun diameter: 25 km
LYRA measurements
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Using SWAP for aeronomy studies
Independent SWAP occultation observations
– Cadence limited – Only 17.4nm
– Imaging sequence No need to deconvolve for Sun area No need to assume disc homogeneity
SWAP measurements
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Conclusion
Design new full Sun instruments meant to optimize the spectro-spatio-temporal balance!– Spectro-heliograph (such as on CORONAS-F)?– Array of >9 “low” spatial resolution multilayer
telescopes paving the accessible UV spectrum– Smart camera schemes autonomously
compromising between cadence and SNR
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
J.-F. Hochedez, COSPAR ’06, Beijing
Quit complaining about your job!