SYNOPSIS FOR BTP411

SEMESTER MARCH-JUNE 2014

THE EFFECTIVENESS TRAFFIC

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CITY CENTRE

CASE STUDY: KAJANG SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

SITI NADIRAH BINTI SHUHAIMI

2011431678

CENTRE OF STUDY OF TOWN AND REGIONAL PLANNINGFACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARASHAH ALAM

1. INTRODUCTION

Traffic planning is traveling patterns that exist detailing the effects of socio-economic

situation of land use in the area. The transport system and traffic involves the relationship

between the total number of origin and destination travel in a zone with its zone. In other

words it can be set that travel is one -way movement one or more modes of travel and each

trip has an origin and the destination.

Network traffic is a major catalyst to the development of a areas. With the passage

system, user access of movement people from one area to another area easier. The be a

focus for the development of an area, especially downtown is the effectiveness of there

will traffic that is how it affects the overall road users. The effectiveness of traffic and it is

often questionable universal issue for urban communities in particular. Therefore, the

provision of transport systems and traffic is smooth and balanced very important to

support and encourage the development of growth a city as a whole. Traffic management

on urban planning is one aspect focused on the development of an area. Each area will or

has developed a system requires an efficient communication network and interact with the

surrounding area. This is to ensure people can move from one area to another over easy

life cycle of migration caused by the demands of education, work, and business financial,

family and so on.

Congestion is caused when there are more vehicles than available space on the road,

or, stated differently, when traffic demand approaches or exceeds the available capacity of

the highway system. Traffic demands vary significantly depending on the season of the

year, the day of the week, and even the time of day. Also, the capacity, often mistaken as

constant, can change because of weather, work zones, or traffic incidents.

2. RESEARCH BACKGROUND

Kajang, is the district capital of Hulu Langat and surrounded by Semenyih, Cheras,

Seri Kembangan, Putrajaya and Nilai. The main population centers in Kajang are currently

located in Sg. Kantan, Sg.Jelok, Sg.Ramal, Sungai Chua, Sg. Sekamat, Bandar Mahkota,

Jalan Reko, Jalan Bukit, Bandar Sungai Long, Bandar Tun Hussein Onn, Cheras Perdana,

Taman Prima Saujana, Taman Kantan Permai, Taman Kajang Perdana, Taman Sri Ramal

and Taman Kajang Prima. Sungai Chua is the current locational gravity of growth in

Kajang.

The property value in Sungai Chua is expected to rise with the construction of MRT

Sungai Buloh-Kajang line that will become operational in 2017. The traffic jam increases

all kinds of pollution, especially air and noise. Furthermore, people tend to spend more

time tuck in the traffic rather than using it efficiently. From my opinion, Kajang will not

have the opportunity to develop further as a potential business center especially with the

lack of effective public transportation. The current Hentian Kajang is far from what we can

call modern, systematic and customer friendly. A rebranding process need to be done. The

current state of Sungai Chua does not represent a healthy environment.

The sediments are starting to build up. If further action is not taken to cater this

problem, Kajang city center might face with flood every time there is heavy rain. Recently

there have flood in Kajang city center that shocking the whole Malaysia. Inefficient

pedestrian sidewalk since it does not serve its intended purpose. It causes difficulties for

people to use it and certainly does not promote walking in the city center as an option to

avoid the traffic jam. Dirty back alley giving a bad image to the city, it gives away the

impression that the local community are not interested in a healthy and sustainable

lifestyle.

Kajang is a good place to live and recently the number of traffic increase as a fast

developing town and become congestion. It happens during the peak time and any

program held in Kajang.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENTS

Provision of transport systems and very important for assist and encourage the

development and growth a city. However, the management of traffic often associated with

effectiveness and its application to traffic in developing region. This applies especially to

the city centers that often face traffic conflicts. Here are the issues and problems

maintenance of traffic:-

Traffic System

Implementation of traffic management functions as a mechanism for minimizes

traffic problems resulting from the impact of the development on areas. However, for

most of the development, traffic management is designed to address current issues

and problems without taking into account for the long term. The system of two-way

traffic route applied in Kajang is an alternative to the system current traffic.

However, the traffic system is seen as an issue where it is difficult for other road

users such as bikers bicycle, pedestrian safety aspects. Also requires a two-way street

road user more aware of the traffic. This is for avoid confusion in the course. Traffic

movement in the city center also does not run smoothly due to inconsistency between

a two-way street and causing bilateral traffic conflicts. Mixing between local vehicles

with external traffic on the main street downtown also resulted in an increase in total

traffic, especially during peak hours. This led to the use of roads in along two-way

streets are not fully effective for consumers.

Requirements for Traffic Signals

Control and traffic management measures in place to advise, instruct and

controlling the vehicle drivers on the road. Signals, lighting and road markings

required to inform the driver about rules to be followed and any unauthorized use

road. Most of the routes in the Kajang city center require the use of signals traffic to

ensure the safety of road users more secure. The street furniture and traffic like a sign

still less use around the main route of Kajang. This makes it difficult external users

who are not familiar with the traffic system in the Kajang city center.

Traffic Conditions

Road network in the area of the distress caused Kajang city Centre to road users

due to poor road surfaces. This cause of non- launch traffic flow in the city center.

This conflict is increasingly increases because of the absence of pedestrian space in

most of the route. These endanger other road users, namely pedestrians and cyclists.

In addition, traffic congestion will also occur as a result of developments access from

or to PLUS highway and the SILK highways act as catalysts on generating traffic.

Kajang provide an alternative route for most public transport, particularly buses. In

addition, the Kajang is an area that is expected to be exploited because it also

functions as the Klang Valley corridor. Therefore, this path is expected will receive

the traffic flow at a higher rate.

Traffic Management Control

Local Authorities and the Minister of Work Malaysia have been enacting

legislation and guidelines user traffic to be observed for each development. Though

however, traffic management could not provide such great significance the

environment of an area being developed. Traffic at the relief centers the city is still a

problem or major issue for people in the area of interest in particular and the

community in general.

Aspects of Parking Management

Ease of parking spaces especially in the Kajang city center is not sufficient cause

users to park on the shoulders the main road around the city center area thus causing

congestion and inhibit the flow of traffic.

4. AIM

To manage traffic more efficiently for generate system traffic control towards the

development of safe and comfortable in the Kajang

5. OBJECTIVES

To realize these goals, the following objectives were formulated. Following the

objectives of the study: -

I. To understand the current profile development planning in Kajang;

II. To identify the causes and indicators of traffic congestion Kajang development

this resulted in an increase traffic generation.

III. To analyse of the circulatory system and the hierarchy of roads in the study

area.

IV. To Identification of traffic management measures in Kajang.

V. To give suggestions and recommendation measures and traffic management

with the development of Kajang.

6. SCOPE

Here are the details of the scope of the study objectives. Among are: -

I. Review the profile of the current development in Kajang, location , land use ,

human activity and population related the trip generation in the study area

II. To examine the flow patterns and travel demand in terms of volume of traffic

time, trip purpose and mode of transport that generate traffic in the study area.

III. To evaluate the system in terms of road networks , capacity, width , slope,

level of service , design, type of intersection , networking in Kajang related to

aspects traffic management to create a balance of development activities

physical in the study area

IV. To review and assess the control and management of traffic in terms of the use

of traffic signals, signs , pedestrian crossings for overcome problems and the

efficiency of traffic on road users highway in central Bandar Baru Bangi

V. To prepared proposals in the form of strategies and measures control actions

that led to the discovery issues and difficulties inherent in the study area to

ensure that the level of control and safer traffic management and efficiency

based on line guidelines and standards set by the relevant agencies .

7. METHODOLOGY/ RESEARCH PROCESS

In order to achieve to aim of this study, several stages area involve in this study:

First stage: Preliminary study

In this stage, the synopsis must be prepared for getting description of study to identify the

location, purpose and objective of study as well as the problem statements. It’s also important to

observe the current situation and finding issue and problem in the study area.

Second stage: Literature review

In the second stage, it is important to grasp the theories regarding the study especially in term of

traffic management. This information can be found in book, journals, template, article, report,

website and etc.

Third stage: Data collection

There are two types of data collected: primary and second data

a) Primary data are collected through observation, questionnaires as well as interviews.

Primary data means raw data collected that has not been tempered or edited by anybody.

b) Secondary data are data collected from in book, journals, template, article, report, website

and etc. regarding the study. Secondary data means data collected has been edited by

somebody.

Fourth stage: Analysis

In this stage, the data collected from observation, interview as well as collected from book and

journals must be analysed to come with the proposal. The output from the analysis will be

presented in graph and charts and will be the basic the proposal.

Fifth stage: Proposal

After analysing all the data collection, issues and problem, several proposals will be suggested to

overcome the issue and problem. The proposal must reflect the aim an objectives of the study as

well as overcome the issues and problem regarding the traffic management.

Study Flow Chart

8. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

DATA COLLECTION

Primary Data Secondary Data

ANALYZING DATA

GENERAL PROPOSAL

Obervation. Field Survey Related Angencies Interview.

Majlis Perbandaran Kajang. Jabatan Kerja Raya. Ministir Of Work Article, Work Paper and etc. Internet. Related Agencies.

Analyzed issues and problem. Determine the solution to solve the

problem. Analyzed the primary and secondary

data

PRELIMINARY STUDY

LITERATURE REVIEW

First Stage

Second Stage

Third Stage

Fourth Stage

Fifth Stage

OVERALL THE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A CITY CENTER

Development of area and the increasing the number of population Expansion of urban areas

Malaysian DevelopmentPlans

Traffic Management Guidelines & Policy

THE EFFECTIVENESS TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN A CITY CENTER

Identification of issues & problems

TRAFFIC ASPECT

Traffic Flow: flow pattern, volume of traffic, etc.

Traffic System

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT:Traffic Managements Needed and Development

Traffic System:Land use, development, human activity, etc.

Circulation, Hierarchy, Etc.

Findings on problems and issues

Perceptions on satisfaction/dissatisfaction

Traffic Management Measures..

9. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The significant of this study is important the traffic in Kajang so that the traffic at

Kajang might not have problem in the future. The private vehicles become increasing due

to less people use the public transport because the town will have development. With this

study, the source of issue will be identified and countered. This will eventually less traffic

congestion especially during the peak hour. Since the rise in fuel and tool rates nowadays,

this study will help the low and middle income group.

This will also benefit the people in Kajang. The need, supply and demand of good

traffics might help their social-economy, life style, and quality of life.

10. REFERENCES

1) Akta Jalan, Parit Dan Bangunan, Akta 133 (1974). Kuala Lumpur, International

Book Services.

2) Alan M. Voorhees and Associates, Inc. (1965). Parking Requirements For

ShoppingCenters. Technical Bulletin 53, London, The Urban Land Institute.

3) Benepe, Berry (1965). Pedestrian In The City:Traffic Quarterly. New York,

RandomHouse.

4) Black J (1981). Urban Transport Planning: Theory And Practice. London,

Croom Helm.

5) Chalesworth J.A. (1979). Control And Routing Of Traffic In A Road Network.

Traffic Engineering & Control, Butler & Tanner Ltd, London.

6) Danial Mohamed (1993). Pengenalan Tinjauan Dan Analisis Lalulintas.

Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, Kuala

Lumpur.

7) Davis. E. (1968). Traffic Engineering Practice. London, E and F.N Spon.

8) Devlin George A. et al. (1979). Dimensions Of Parking. Urban Land Institute,

Washington D.C, Scripta Book Company.

9) Draft Manual for Traffic Impact Assessment (2000). Fourth Malaysian

Conference, Road Engineering Association of Malaysia.

10) Driving Scheme Area For Strategic Purpose. The Straits Times, 31 Januari

1997.

11. GANTT CHART

GANTT CHART

Task March- June 2014 July 2014- January 2015 January 2015-July 2015

Chapter 1 (Introduction) Indentify Problem Goal and Objective Scope and Study AreaChapter 2 & 3 (Literature and Study Area) Collecting Secondary Data

such as journal, article and book.

Gather information from related agencies agency such as MIROS, JKJR, and etc.

Creating Observetion and Questionaire Form

Chapter 4 (Collecting Data and Analysis) Interviewing the Related

Analysis Site Survey Analyzing DataChapter 5 & 6 (Proposal and Conclusion) Proposal that solve the entire

issues and related with study. Correction of any minor

mistake.

Literature review and Background Study

Research questions,Aim and objectives

Field Observation

Structured InterviewSurvey

Unstructured In-depth Interview Survey

Measurable Indicator Scores and the Grounded Theory technique

Research Findings and Discussions

SHAH ALAM(A planned city)

KLANG(An unplanned city)

The four domains that covers the QOL of the residents in the low cost flats.

Example:

METHODOLOGY FLOWCHART OF THE STUDY

Example:

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

OVERALL QUALITY OF LIFE IN LOW COST FLATS

Natural increase in urban population and in-migration from rural and other urban areas Expansion of urban areas

Malaysian DevelopmentPlans

Low-cost Housing Policy

IMPLICATIONS FOR QUALITY OF LIFE ON THE RESIDENTS IN LOW-COST FLATS

Identification of issues & problems

URBANISATION TRENDS

Social environment: Neighbouring and community activities, association, safety, cleanliness, etc.

Industrial & Economic Policy

URBAN HOUSING ISSUES:Affordable housing & provision of facilities & utilities

HouseholdCharacteristics:Income, education, occupation, age, activities, etc.

Community facilities, accessibility and satisfaction.

Findings on problems and issues

Perceptions on satisfaction/dissatisfaction

Neighbourhood environment: safety, landscape, air & noise pollution etc..

Have yet be

Emphases of Quantitative, Mixed and Qualitative ResearchQuantitative Research Mixed research Qualitative research

Scientific method Deductive or “top-down”The researcher tests hypothesis and theory with data

Deductive and Inductive Inductive or `bottom-up’

View of human behaviour

Behaviour is regular and predictable

Behaviour is somewhatpredictable

Behaviour is fluid, dynamic, situational, social, contextual and

personal

Most common researchObjectives

Description, explanation and prediction

Multiple objectives Description, exploration and discovery

Focus Narrow-angle lens, testing specific hypothesis

Multi-lens focus Wide-angle and `deep-angle’ lens, examining the breadth and depth of phenomenon to learn more about them.

Nature of observation Attempt to study behaviour under controlled conditions

Study behaviour in more thanone context or condition

Study behaviour in natural environmentsStudy the context in which behaviour occurs

Nature of reality Objective (different observers agree on what is observed)

Commonsense realism andpragmatic view of world (i.e. what works is what is“real” or true)

Subjective, personal and socially construed

Form of data collected Collect quantitative data based on precise measurement using structured and validated data collection instruments (e.g. closed-ended items, rating scales, behavioural responses)

Multiple forms Collect qualitative data (e.g. in-depth interviews, participant observation, field notes and open-ended questions) The researcher is the primary data collection instrument

Nature of data Variables Mixture of variables,words and images

Words, images, categories

Data analysis Identify statistical relationships

Quantitative and Qualitative Search for pattern, themes and holistic features

Results Generalize findings Corroborated findingsmay generalize

Particularistic findingsRepresentative of insider (i.e. “emic” viewpoint

Form of final report Statistical report (e.g. with correlations, comparisons of means and reporting of statistical significance of findings)

Eclectic and Pragmatic Narrative report with contextual description and direct quotations from research participants

Source: Johnson & Christensen 2007