Systems Engineering activities at ESS - Introduction

Romuald Duperrier

ESS Systems Engineering Manager

AD seminar – October 16th

Systems Engineering

activitiesat

ESS-

Introduction

AD seminar | SE activities | 2012-10-16 | R. Duperrier | 2

Systems Engineering = team work


Building large facilities: 3 key dimensions

Design Implement Test

Integrate

...

Organizations (who)

Processes (how)Products (what)

... OperateMaintain

Handover Disposal

Specify


The waterfall process model

Easy/cheap to make changes

Hard/expensive to m

ake changes

Implement

Test

Integrate

OperateMaintain

Handover

Disposal

Design

Specify

Cost Committed cost

Incurred cost

Design Implement Test

Integrate

...

Processes (how)

... OperateMaintain

Handover Disposal

Specify


System design and in-kind collaborations

Integral architecture Modular architecture

Often a combination of both

Products (what)


Systematic approach

The construction of the ESS will be paved by a huge number of:

products (most of them are not challenging),

processes (most of them are simple),

roles (all are important).

And thus a huge number of interfaces.

Most of the processes are common sense, but the quantity creates the complexity.

The inherent risk with such complexity can be significantly reduced by a documented systematic approach (ISO 15288).

Traceability from requirements to verification is a must at any level considering the whole facility life cycle.

The V cycle model

Requirement

management

Logical Design

Functional analysis

Integration

Validation

Test

Compliance Matrix

ESS facilityNeeds

Desig

n

Inte

grat

ion

Func. analysis

Design

Req. Mgt

Test

Integration

Validation

Physical to built

designMechanical

Electronic

Electrical

Plasmas

Fluidic

EM dynamics

Experts,manufacturers

Implementation

Handover

Decom

position


Programme Management OfficeSystems Engineering Office

Programme Management OfficeSystems Engineering Office

SE management and working groups

Interface Working groups

Interface Working groups

Requirement Working groups

Requirement Working groups

Operation concepts Working

group

Operation concepts Working

group

….….

SE Team


Pre-existing requirements management

[M. Field, Frontiers 2008]

Integration in ESS requirements tree


About the phasing of SE implementation and on going ESS technical activities

What is planned is not a reset of the system but to take a snapshot based on a systematic approach to track inconsistencies and, thus, to bring all the stakeholders in an holistic perspective. Outputs of the SE process will be crucial documentations to support the configuration management during the construction phase.


Requirements allocation to products

Interface management

ESS objectivesESS objectives


Costing and scheduling support

Interface management


Worldwide SE implementation

[Barabaschi, Soft’06]


Worldwide SE implementation


ESS context diagram


Context diagram

AcceleratorAccelerator

? ?

? ?

? ?

?

?

?


Define requirements

ESSrequirements

ESS objectives

Part 1requirements

System of Part 1requirements

Part 2requirements

Part nrequirements

ESS requirements into a tree-like hierarchy will provide a mechanism for specifying what is necessary down to the lowest level of the system for each state of the life cycle. Trace links between the scientific objectives and the facility requirements will ensure that the users understand how their needs have been translated into system requirements.


Relationship of aims

Stakeholder : any entity (individual or organization) with a legitimate interest in the system or which could influence the development, Programme/project goals: statement of what the programme or project will deliver . Requirement: specifies a capability or condition that must be satisfied.


Requirements types

Function: “what is performed by the system?” Constraint: “how the function must be performed?”, Performance: condition that a system must achieve: clear criterion of achievement of the function/constraint. Example:

“Transport the proton beam” is a function, “Limit the beam loss” is a constraint, “Less than 1 W/m” is an associated performance.

Funct/Const requirement have to be ideally specified by a functive (verb+noun).

See Requirement development policy.


Identify working group members


Verification and Validation

Inspection. Demonstration. Analysis. Test. Certification. Similarity. Review.


Functional Analysis Systems Technique

Functive AFunctive A Functive BFunctive B

Functive CFunctive C



AND

OR

WHY?WHY? HOW?HOW?


Function allocation to system



System BSystem B

System CSystem C

System ASystem A


Increase resolution

Functive AFunctive A

Functive BFunctive B


System DSystem D

System FSystem F

Functive DFunctive D

Functive EFunctive E

Functive FFunctive F

Functive GFunctive G System GSystem G

System ESystem E

System A

System B

System C


Example: hoover

Remove dustRemove dust Separate dustSeparate dust

Store dustStore dust

FilterFilter

BagBag

Clean the roomClean the room

Aspirate dustAspirate dust

Filter dustFilter dust

Create air flowCreate air flow TurbineTurbine

HOOVER

Technical functionsService functions Technical solutions


Example: hoover



FilterFilter

BagBag





HOOVER


HOW?HOW?


Example: hoover



FilterFilter

BagBag





HOOVER


WHY?WHY?


Let’s have fun: accelerator

Irradiate the target with a

pulsed proton beam

Irradiate the target with a

pulsed proton beam

Accelerator


Example: FAST diagram for an ATM

Identify userIdentify user

Connect to user bank

Connect to user bank

Bank network terminal

Bank network terminal

SoftwareSoftware

Provide cashProvide cash

Request IdRequest Id

Request CardRequest Card Card readerCard reader

Verify user account

Verify user account

Provide cashProvide cash

Request Pin-code

Request Pin-code KeyboardKeyboard

Request account status

Request account status

Store cashStore cash

Pick up cashPick up cash

Emit cashEmit cash

Request amount of money

Request amount of money

Sort cashSort cash

Cash cartridgesCash cartridges

Dispensing system

Dispensing system



Use cases

Use case for ATM

Communication Network

Communication Network

Powering system

Powering system

BankBankWithdraw cashWithdraw cash

ATM

Interacting systems

JACKY BROWN : WITHDRAW CASH

Sequence for ATM

BankBankATM

t

Insert cardInsert card

ReadcardReadcardRequest

pin-codeRequest pin-code

Type pin code

Type pin code

Verify codeVerify codeRequest

amountRequest amount

Type amount

Type amount

Request withdrawal

Request withdrawal

Accept Withdrawal

Accept WithdrawalProvide

cashProvide

cash

Update account status


Get back card

Get back card


New requirement, new system

DisplayDisplayDisplay sequence

Display sequence

ATM: failure scenarios

BankBankATM

t




Type pin code

Type pin code



Type amount

Type amount

Request withdrawal

Request withdrawal

Accept Withdrawal


cashProvide

cash



Get back card

Get back card


BankBankATM

t




Type pin code

Type pin code



Type amount

Type amount

Request withdrawal

Request withdrawal

Deny WithdrawalDeny WithdrawalGet back

cardGet back

card





SoftwareSoftwareAbort sequenceAbort sequence

Reset sequenceReset sequence

Send back cardSend back card


BankBankATM

t




Type pin code

Type pin code



Type amount

Type amount

Request withdrawal

Request withdrawal

Accept Withdrawal


cashProvide

cash



Get back card

Get back card


BankBankATM

t




Type pin code

Type pin code



Type wrong amountType wrong amount

Request withdrawal

Request withdrawal

Accept Withdrawal


cashProvide

cash



Get back card

Get back card

Correct amountCorrect amount


BankBankATM

t




Type pin code

Type pin code



Change opinion/Cancel sequenceChange opinion/Cancel sequence

Get back card

Get back card

Abort sequence

Abort sequence



Abort sequenceAbort sequence

Clear typingClear typing

SoftwareSoftware


BankBankATM

t




Type wrong code

Type wrong code

Verify codeVerify codeRequest new

attempt Request new

attempt

Type wrong code

Type wrong code

Display messageDisplay

message

Verify codeVerify code

Store cardStore card



Store cardStore card Card storage system

Card storage system

SoftwareSoftware


Life cycle perspective


Let’s play: a bicycle

Transmit energy to ground

Transmit energy to ground

DerailleurDerailleur

SuspensionSuspensionMoveMove

Convert user energy

Convert user energy

Transmit energy to wheels

Transmit energy to wheels

PedalsPedals

Create motion(accelerate)

Create motion(accelerate)

Stop motion(brake)

Stop motion(brake)

Steer motion(guide)

Steer motion(guide)

Dissipate energy Dissipate energy

Change wheel angle

Change wheel angle

Enable wheel rotation

Enable wheel rotation

Transmit user request

Transmit user request

Adapt effortAdapt effortAdapt couple

between pedal and wheel

Adapt couple between pedal

and wheel

Maintain wheel contact to

ground

Maintain wheel contact to

ground

Chain/wheelsChain/wheels

BrakesBrakes

Direction StemDirection Stem

HandlebarsHandlebars


Bicycle: life cycle


Bicycle: Parking state

Enable vertical parking

Enable vertical parking

Establish 3 non aligned fulcrums Establish 3 non

aligned fulcrums Lateral foot

supportLateral foot

supportAdd a third

fulcrumAdd a third

fulcrum

Locate third fulcrum on side

Locate third fulcrum on side


Bicycle: Car storage state

Enable fast wheel removing

Enable fast wheel removing

Adapt forkAdapt fork Drop-outDrop-out

Enable fast attachmentEnable fast attachment

WHAT SHOULD BE MENTIONED?

Quick switching Hub

Quick switching Hub


Life cycle of the HEBT collimators


Summary The construction of the ESS will be paved by a huge number of

products, processes and roles; thus a huge number of interfaces.

Most of the processes are common sense, but the quantity creates the complexity.

ESS made the choice to significantly limit the risk inherent with such complexity by implementing a documented systematic approach: MBSE.

The SE deployment is an on going process in the different projects. Working groups meetings have been quite lify and a source interesting and productive discussions.

The SE plan is now a core process for licensing.


SE Handbook v3 p. 2.8

• “Upon casual reading, systems engineers appear to be responsible for everything that happens on a project and systems engineering appears to introduce excessive process overhead and non-value added activities.”

• “SE is a multi-disciplinary effort that involves both the technical effort and technical project management…[its implementation] requires vision and practical application of the principles.”


Cost & Schedule overruns correlated with SE effort


SysML


Process ingredients

StandardsApplicable documentsLawsGovernance rules

Expected outcomesDocumentationPrototypeProduct for construction

Expected incomesDocumentationPrototypeProduct to be transformed, integratedEM productsProcess Requirement

Provider Receiver

Administrative support teamExpert teamSubcontractors


Master Workflow

Req/V&VdefinitionReq/V&Vdefinition

ESS ObjectivesPre existing docs

SET, WGs

SET = SE TeamWGs = Working GroupsLD = Lead DesignerWPL = Work Package LeaderWUL = Work Unit LeaderMP = Manager of a PartCDO = Central Design OfficeCCB = Change Contrl BoardTB = Technical BoardSP = Steve PeggsIK= In Kind


Master Workflow


Architecturedefinition

ArchitecturedefinitionPre

existing docs


Requirements Tree

SET, WGs

SET, WGs



Master Workflow




SystemdesignSystemdesign

Pre existing docs


Requirements Tree

Product Tree

SET, WGs

SET, WGs

LD, WPL, WUL, MP



Master Workflow





Pre existing docs


Requirements Tree

Product Tree

SET, WGs

SET, WGs

LD, WPL, WUL, MP

Flow Down Loop



Master Workflow





Costing Scheduling

Costing Scheduling

Verification & ValidationVerification & Validation

Pre existing docs


Requirements Tree

Product Tree

System Specifications

SET, WGs

SET, WGs

LD, WPL, WUL, MP

Prog. Office, MP

CDO, Integ. Office

Flow Down Loop



Master Workflow





Costing Scheduling

Costing Scheduling


Procurement(vendor, IK)


CommunicationCommunication

IntegrationIntegration

Pre existing docs


Requirements Tree

Product Tree


Cost bookTDRReports to external committees

To upper level

Cost & Schedule data

Verified System

System specification

SET, WGs

SET, WGs

LD, WPL, WUL, MP

Prog. Office, MP

ESS AB, IK contributors

LD, WPL, WUL, MPCDO, Integ.

Office

Flow Down Loop

Prog. Office, MP, SP



Master Workflow





Costing Scheduling

Costing Scheduling






Pre existing docs


Requirements Tree

Product Tree



To upper level


Verified System

System specification

Component

SET, WGs

SET, WGs

LD, WPL, WUL, MP

Prog. Office, MP



Office

Flow Down Loop




Master Workflow





Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management

Costing Scheduling

Costing Scheduling






Pre existing docs


Requirements Tree

Product Tree



To upper level


Verified System

Non conformities, CRSystem

specification

Component

SET, WGs

SET, WGs

LD, WPL, WUL, MP

Prog. Office, MP


CCB, TBs, Integ. Office


Office


Flow Down Loop



Master Workflow





Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management

Costing Scheduling

Costing Scheduling






Pre existing docs


Requirements Tree

Product Tree



To upper level


Verified System

Non conformities, CRSystem

specification

Component

SET, WGs

SET, WGs

LD, WPL, WUL, MP

Prog. Office, MP


CCB, TBs, Integ. Office


Office

Flow Down Loop

ESS management plans, Int. Standards, regulation



Documents

Systems Engineering activities at ESS - Introduction