Lh.""

VITTORIO KLOSTERMANN . FRANKFURT AM MAIN

____-..-..-.-,..

/o'i"·

11211

BAND 622008

Zeitschrift fürphilosophische

Forschung

Herausgegeben von Otfried Höffezusammen mit Christof Rapp

Berichte und Buchbesprechungen: Nico Scarano

meiner.de

THOMAS VON AQUIN

Quaestiones Disputatae

Vollständige Ausgabe der Quaestionenin deutscher Übersetzung

Herausgegeben von Rolf Schönberger

BAND 13

Über die Seelein Yorb.

BAND 12

Über das Übel IIin Yorb.

BAND 11

Über das Übel Iin Yorb.

BAND 10

Über die Tugendenin Yorb.

Einbeziehung des Für und Widervor dem Hintergrund überlieferterAuffassungen nach der Maßga-be der intellektuellen Vernunft.Abgehandelt werden die großenGrundthemen der Metaphysik undErkenntnislehre, die den Menschenbewegen: Was ist Wahrheit, wasVermögen und (göttliche) Macht,was Tugend, und was ist die Seele?

BAND 9

Über Gottes Vermögen IIIin Yorb.

BAND 1- 6

Über die Wahrheitin Yorb.

BAND 7

Über Gottes Vermögen IÜbersetzt und hrsg. von

Stephan Grotz. Ca. 368 S.978-3-7873-1907-7.Halbleinen ca. 78,-

Erscheint im November 2008

BAND 8

Über Gottes Vermögen IIÜbersetzt und hrsg. von

Stephan Grotz. Ca. 328 S.978-3-7873-1908-4.Halbleinen ca. 78,-

Erscheint im November 2008

In den »Quaestiones disputatae«,dem lt. Kurt Flasch in philosophi-scher Hinsicht bedeutendsten und»gründlicheren« Werk Thomas' vonAquin, geht es Thomas - anders alsetwa in der »Summa theologiae«- nicht um den Vortrag der eige-nen Lehrmeinung, sondern um diemöglichst umfassende Disputation(Erörterung) von Sachfragen unter

-

Mitarbeiter an diesem Heft 209. 310

ZHttAiId§Mh,,, rif Mit; a i HEDittmar WernerLeben als transzendentale Subjektivität. Ein Versuch zur Lebensphänomenologiebei Edmund Husserl .- 266Jörg Schulte-SteinbergHat das menschliche Leben ein Ziel? ; 270

Bf'%h'i9ir B!§!6!J&~l€iNiN..-MAiFWtHM'm ' 1 *§ .11Franz Josef WetzFaszination Verschwendung. Geld, Geschäfte und Geschenke ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318Werner BuschDer 22. We1tkongress der Philosophie in Seoul 335

Mh9§9'Wi'Wt',JMWWB:R!Q9i..... ijKatharina Pietsch"Mehr Leben, Vater!" Eine Zukunftsvision des Humanenim Film "Blade Runner" (S I und S II) 274Klaus Thomalla"Leben" und "gut leben" bei Aristoteles (S II) 281Helke Panknin-SchappertWas ist im Leben gewiss? Descartes - Hume - Kant,Erkenntnisskepsis - Leiblichkeit - Einbildungskraft (S II) 287Michael SegetsIst das Leben ein Spiel? Zur Fairness und zu den Grenzen einer spielimmanenten Moral ... 292Rolf SistermannUnterrichten nach dem Bonbonniodell. Ein Musikvideo als Hinführungzur Reflexion über die Endlichkeit des Lebens (ab Klasse 8) 299

ilFJ;tlQrCi9RhHf'Hf..wJ§i'iFDg9flSj '4 mzrr i eVolker SteenblockWilhelm Dilthey: Leben, Sinn und Weltanschauung 306

F5fW2' 'i' i ! ME' 1Michael Tit,ze zu Rolf Kühn: Leben 338Katharina Bauer zu Walter Schweidler (Hrsg.): Postsäkulare Gesellschaft 338Jörn Bohr zu Kühne-Bertram/Lessing/Steenblock (Hrsg.): Mensch und Kultur 340Klaus Thomalla zuArno Baruzzi: Rechtsphilosophie der Gegenwart 341Eva Schäfer zu Lebrecht Bins: Erfolgsstrategie Moral 343Donat Schmidt Zeitschriftenschau 346Informationen 349

92l!6'WR +Klaus TeschingPaul Gauguin: D'ou venons nous? Que sommes nous? D'ou allons nous? 350

/~'t.f/( '1

-~•••••••••••••••511'11'.. i

I'II

Gedruckt aufPapier,das nicht mit Chlorgebleicht wurde.Bei der Produktion___....L .._lp..:_ ..

Druck: Richard Bretschneider GmbH, Braunschweig.... : ~ : ::.' .

Bestellungen an:Abonnentenverwaltung Lettershop Brendler GmbHMagdeburger Straße 6, 30880 LaatzenTelefon: 05102/9359-0Erfüllungsort und Gerichtsstand: Hannover

Die Bezugsdauer verlängert sich jeweils um ein Jahr, wennbis zum 1. Dezember keine Abbestellung vorliegt.

Satz, Gestaltung: thielenVERLAGSBüRO, Hannover

Bezugsbedingungen:Inland: Jahresabonnement € 39,00; für Studenten und Refe-rendare € 26,00 gegen Nachweis, nur direkt beim Verlag.Einzelheft € 11,50; jeweils zuzüglich Versandkosten. AllePreise enthalten die gesetzliche Mehrwertsteuer.Ausland: Jahresabonnement € 42,80 jeweils zuzüglich Ver-sandkosten und gesetz\. Mehrwertsteuer. r

I'rinted in Germany 1ISSN 0945-6295

Erscheinungsweise:Die Zeitschrift erscheint vierteljährlich(Februar, Mai, August, November)Redaktionsschluss: 15.11.,15.2.,15.5.,15.8.

Verantwortlich für den Anzeigenteil:Joachim Siebert, Telefon: 0511/529075z. Z. gültige Preisliste Nr. 19 vom 1. 1. 2002Erfüllungsort und Gerichtsstand: Hannover

30. Jahrgang I November 2008

Verlag und Anzeigenverwaltung:Siebert VerlagDöhrbruch 27D-30559 HannoverTelefon: 0511/529075Telefax: 0511/9525630e-mail: lektorat@siebertverlag.deInternet: www.siebertverlag.de

lrg (martens@erzicip.erzwiss.es Rohbeck, Dresden (Johan-dresden.de); Monika Sänger,online.de); Volker Steenblock,:@ruhr-uni-bochum.de)

'beten an:

). die Schriftleitung oder die He-,rlangt eingesandte Beiträgewirdunverlangt eingehende Bücher,lkeine Verpflichtung zur Bespre-.endung erfolgt nur, wenn Rück-

szugsweisenNachdruc~~ fo-·Je und der über~et.zung~'bl;~l(

", ." -.".' -,." ,.

(tion:h 27, D-30559 Hannover,

It::lorf; Winfried Franzen, Erfurt;eter Heintel, Klagenfurt; OtfriedMacho, Berlin; Eckhard Nord-entsch, Dresden; Herbert Schnä-lerr, Karlsruhe.

sden; Martina Dege, Hamburg;:Ielmut Engels, Neuss; SusannePuß, München; Roger Hofer, Zü-ilke M. Kledzik, Koblenz; Steffenlas Menges, Aachen; Susanne:er Pfeifer, Freiburgl Brsg.; Diet-a Raupach-Strey, HalleIS.; BerndRuntenberg, Münster; Donat:hultheiss, Singen; Andreas Siek-bert Veraart, Konstanz; Brigitte

Wiener Jahrbuch für Philosophie

begründet von Erich Heintel t

Herausgegeben von Hans-Dieter Klein in Zusammenarbeit mitMichael Benediktl Klaus DethloffI Karen GloyITraugott KochWolfgang Marx I Erhard Oeser IJohann ReikerstorferWolfgang Schild lWolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik

.Wilhelm Schwabe.

Reihenherausgeber ab Band 40: Michael Hofer/Rudolf Langthaler

Band XXXIX I 2007

/'

Zt;Luu3~

(~0071)

Klein (Hg.)

Wiener Jahrbuchfür Philosophie

Band XXXIX/200?

Philosophisches SeminarMflf UniVP'fBi@ Zürich

BRAUMÜLLER •

InhaltsverzeichnisGedruckt mit Unterstützung desBundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung

sowie der Kulturabteilung der Stadt Wien,Wissenschafts- und Forschungsförderung.

/

Alfred Dunshirn (Wien)Zur Performativität der Platonlektüre .

Hubert Gerhard Fackeldey (Düren)Allgemeines Gese~z.' Zweck an sich selbst, Vernunftnatur .

7

25

Harald Holz (Münster)GödeIs Unvollständigkeitssätze und das Problem der Letztbegründung 47

Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek

Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in derDeutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten

sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.

RolfKühn (Freiburgi. Br.)Technikentwicklung und Sozialismus .

Hisaki Hashi (Wien ITokyo)Zur Geistesströmungder Globalisierung und Interkulturalität ..

Istvan M. Feber (Budapest)Die Gottesfrage im Denken Martin Heideggers ..

Hans-Dieter Klein (Wien)Der Gottesbegriffin philosophischer Sicht ..

Christopher Meiller (Wien)Geteilter Logos? .

81

103

141

165

171

Printed in Austria

Alle Rechte, insbesondere das Recht der Vervielfältigung und Verbreitungsowie der Übersetzung, vorbehalten. Kein Teil des Werkes darf in irgend-

einer Form (durch Fotokopie, Mikrofilm oder ein anderes Verfahren)ohne schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages reproduziert oder unter

Verwendung elektronischer Systeme gespeichert, verarbeitet,vervielfältigt oder verbreitet werden.

© 2008 by Wilhelm Braumüller Universitäts-Verlagsbuchhandlung Ges.m.b.H.A-1090 Wien

http://www.braumueller.at

ISBN 978-3-7003-1650-3ISSN 0083-999X

Basisdesign für Cover: Lukas Drechsel-BurkhardSatz: Mario Nepraunig

Druck: Börsedruck GesmbH, A-1230 Wien

Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik (Kassel)Zur Wiederkehr des 50. Todestags von Walther Schmied-Kowarzik 197

Buchbesprechungen J Rezensionen:

Gegenläufige Interpretationen zu Schellings Philosophie:Motokiyo Fukaya: Anschauung des Absoluten in Schellingsfrüher Philosophie (1794-1800) (Epistemata Philosophie 426),Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 2006, 150 S.(Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik)

Martin Blumentritt: Begriff und Metaphorik des Lebendigen.Schellings Metaphysik des Lebens 1792-1809 (Contradictio 8),Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann 2007, 310 S.(Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik) ,. 201

F. W. 1. Schelling: Philosophische Entwürfe und Tagebücher 1849.Niederlage der Revolution und Ausarbeitung der reinrationalen Philosophie,hg. von Martin Schraven (Edition aus dem Berliner Nachlaß, Band 14),Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag 2007, 206 S.(Wolfdietrich Schmied-Kowarzik) 206

Giacomo Rinaldi: Teoria Etica. Edizione Goliardiche(Reihe: Dialettica & Speculazione), Triest 2004. xi, 532 S.(Thomas Posch) , , , .

Reinhard Hiltscher: Der ontologische Gottesbeweis als krypto-gnoseologischer Traktat - Acht Vorlesungen mit Anhang zu einemsystematischen Problem der Philosophie. Studien und Materialien zurGeschichte der Philosophie. Hildesheim 2006, Olms Verlag, 315 S.(Alexander Riebei) .

209

217

Alfred DUNSHIRN (Wien)

Zur Performativität der PlatonlektüreEine antike Anordnung der Dialoge Platoils und der lernende Leser, .

Inhalt

1. Der (hermeneutische) Kreis der platonischen Dialoge und einmöglicher Einstieg in ihna) Die Notwenigkeit einer Reihung der Dialoge zur Darstellung

derselbenb) Probleme der Ignorierung der antiken Anordnung

2. Die Hörer oder Leser des Sokrates als Verbindungselement derTetralogien

3. Die Selbsterziehung des Lesers im wiederholten Gang durch dieTetralogiena) Angesprochenwerden vom Text und Ändern des Leseverhaltensb) Paradigmatisches Lesenc) Selbsterleben des Ausgesagten, Sorgen für das Geschriebened) Ein Dialog von Dialogen, die Göttlichkeit des Zentralparadigmase) Zielgerichtetheit der Lektüre, Aufstieg zum körperlosen Kosmosf) Beurteilung und Aufzucht von Logoig) .Das Seine tun, Gesetzgeber werden

Im Folgenden sollen sieben Skizzen zu einer im weitesten Sinnwirkungsästhe-tischen Betrachtungsweise des Kosmos der Dialoge Platons zur Diskussiongestellt werden. Dabei handelt es sich um Überlegungen dazu, wie sich dieDialoge Platons ihren Hörern oder Lesern zusprechen, und wie diese überdie Wirkungen, welche die Dialoge in ihnen erzeugen, reflektieren und ihreReflexionen in den Lesegang einbeziehen können. Diese Betrachtungen be-wegen sich zum Teil in den Bahnen von Platoninterpretationen in der Tra-dition von Friedrich Schleiermacher, der die "Ideenerzeugung im Leser" alswichtiges Formkriterium echter platonischer Dialoge erachtete.! Genauergesagt wollen diese Erwägungen an die Bemühungen mancher Platon-forscher anknüpfen, stärker die Position der Hörer bzw. Leser in die Inter-pretation platonischer Texte einzubeziehen.2 Zu diesen Versuchen können

Vgl. die "Einleitungen zum Platon", in: F. D. E. Schleiermacher, Über die PhilosophiePlatons, hrsg. von P. M. Steiner, Hamburg 1996 (Philosophische Bibliothek; 486), 60.Vgl. z.B. H. Meissner, Der tiefere Logos Platons, Heidelberg 1978; W. Wieland, Platonund die Formen des Wissens, Göttingenl982; M. Erler, Der Sinn der Aporien in denDialogen Platons. Übungsstücke zur Anleitung im philosophischen Denken, Berlin -New York 1987; E. Heitsch, Wege zu Platon. Beiträge zum Verständnis seines Argumen-tierens, Göttingen 1992. F. M. GiuIiano, Per una interpretazione letteraria di Platone:questioni di metodologia ermeneutica, Elenchos 1999.(20, 2), 309-344.

Editor-in-Chief:WIEBE VAN DER HOEK

Department of Computer Science, University of LiverpoolLiverpool L69 7W, U.K.

Editorial Board

Oliver Board, University 01 Pittsburgh, USA; Giacomo Bonanno, University 01 California at Davis, USA;Hans van Ditrnarsch, University 01 Otago, New Zealand; Igor Douven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,elgium; Paul Gochet, University 01 Liege, Belgium; Marnoru Kaneko, University 01 Tsukuba, Japan;Jerome Lang, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Rohit Parikh, Brooklyn College, USA; MarcPauly, Stanlord University, USA; Wlodek Rabinowicz, Lund University, Sweden; RarnaswamyRarnanujarn, Institute 01 Mathematical Sciences, Chennai, India; Hans Rott, Regensburg University,Germany; Gabriel Sandu, University 01Helsinki, Finland; Krister Segerberg, Uppsala University, Sweden;BurkhardSchipper, University 01 California at Davis, USA; Robert Stalnaker, Massachusetts Institute 01Technology, USA; Michael Wooldridge, University 01Liverpool, UK

ISSN 0039-7857

All Rights Reserved© 2008 Springer

No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced orutilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and

r

!

if

IlI

f

rlrI

I

/f!j O()

Synthese

Volume 165 . Number 2 . November(ll) 2008

EditorialR Liu . R Veltman . M. Xiong 155 [119]

Preference-based belief revision for rule-based agentsN. Alechina . M. Jago . B. Logan 159 [123]

Probabilistic dynamic belief revisionA. Baltag . S. Smets 179 [143]

Majority merging by adaptive countingG. Primiero . J. Meheus 203 [167]

Public and private communication are different: results on relative expressivityB. Renne 225 [189]

Modelling simultaneous games in dynamic logicJ. van Benthem . S. Ghosh . R Liu 247 [211]

Quantified coalition logicT. Agotnes . W. van der Hoek . M. Wooldridge 269 [233]

Logical dynamics of some speech acts that affect obligations and preferencesT. Y1IIDada 295 [259]

Indexed/abstracted in Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, Current Contents/Social & BehavioralSciences, Current Mathematical Publications, ASCA, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, SocialSciences Citation Index, Informationsdienst für Philosophie, Linguistics & Language BehaviorAbstracts, MathSci, Mathematical Reviews database, Review of Metaphysics, Revue Philosophique deLouvain, The Philosopher's Index, mZ/lBR, MLA International Bibliography, Academic Abstracts, TheISI Alerting Services, Science Citation Index, Sociological Abstracts, Social SciSearch, Family &Society Studies Worldwide, International Bibliographie für Österreichisches Philosophie, Zentrallblattfür Mathematik! Mathematics Abstracts.

Instructions for Authors for Synthese are available at http://www.springer.com/11229.

SYNTHESEAn International lournalfor Epistemology, Methodology and

Philosophy of Science

Editors-in-Chiel:

JOHAN VAN BENTHEMlUC, University 01Amsterdam, The Netherlands

VINCENT R HENDRICKSDept. 01Philosophy and Science Studies, Roskilde University, Denmark

JOHNSYMONSDept. 01 Philosophy, University 01 Texas at EI Paso, USA

Area Editors:Epistemology: Horacio Arl6-Costa, Carnegie Mellon University, USATechnology, Biology and Artificial Life: Mark Bedau, Reed College and Portland State University, USACognitive Science: John Bickle, University ofCincinnati, USASocial Philosophy and the Social Sciences: Raymond Dacey, University ofIdaho, USAComputability and Computer Science: Luciano Floridi, Oxford University, UKMethodology and General Philosophy of Science: Paul Humphreys, University ofVirginia, USAHistory of Early Analytic Philosophy: Paolo Mancosu, University ofCalifornia at Berkeley, USAPhilosophy of Language and Linguistics: Rober! van Rooij, University ofAmsterdam, The NetherlandsLogic and Mathematics: Gabriel Sandu, University ofHelsinki, FinlandPhysics: Sonja Smets, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BelgiumPhilosophy of Mind: Lucia Vaina, Boston University, USAMetaphysics: Achille Varzi, Columbia University, USA

Advisory Board:Peter Gärdenfors, Lund University, SwedenClark Glymour, Carnegie Mellon University, USAJaakko Hintikka, Boston University, USARober! Stalnaker, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, USA

Editor Special Section Knowledge, Rationality & Action:

WIEBE VAN DER HOEKDepartment 01 Computer Science, University 01Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7 ZF, UK

Editorial Board Special Section Knowledge, Rationality and Action: Oliver Board, University ofPittsburgh, USA; GiacomoBonanno, University ofCalifornia at Davis, USA; Hans van Ditmarsch, University of Otago, New Zealand; Igor Douven,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Paul Gochel, University of Liege, Belgium; Mamoru Kaneko, University ofTsukuba, Japan; Jerome Lang, Universite Paul Sabatier,Toulouse, France; Rohit Parikh, Brooklyn College, USA; MarcPauly, Stanjord University, USA; Wlodek Rabinowicz, Lund University, Sweden; Ramaswamy Ramanujam, Institute ofMathematical Sciences, Chennai, India; Hans Roll, Regensburg University, Germany; Gabriel Sandu, University ofHelsinki, Finland; Krister Segerberg, Uppsala University, Sweden; Burkhard Schipper, University of California at Davis,USA; Rober! Stalnaker, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, USA; Michael Wooldridge, University ofLiverpool, UK

Photocopying. In the USA: This journal is registered at the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers, MA 01923 [info@copyrightcomj. Authorizations to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internalor personal use of specific clients, is granted by Springer for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC).For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy licence, a separate system of payment has been arranged.Authorization does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as that for general distribution, for advertising or forpromotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. The CCC's services for users can be found on theinternet at www.copyright.com.In the rest of the world: Pennissions to photocopy must be obtained from the copyright owner. Please apply to SpringerRights & Pennissions Department, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA, Dordrecht, The Netherlands .[pennissions.dordrecht@springer.comj.

Microjilm and microjiche editions of this journal are available from University Microfilms International, 300 North Zeeb- ..... _._._~---

,1900

Synthese

Volume 165 . Number 3 . December 2008

THE SEMANTICS/PRAGMATICS DISTINCTIONGuest Editor: Isidora Stojanovic

The semantics/pragmatics distinctionI. Stojanovic 317

Linguistic communication and the semantics/pragmatics distinctionR. Carston 321

The pragmatic dreleK. Korta . J. Perry 347

Zero tolerance for pragmaticsC. Gauker 359

On the semantics/pragmatics distinctionB.S. GiUon 373

The semantics/pragmatics interface from an experimental perspective: the case ofscalar implicatureN. Katsos 385

Indexed/abstracted in Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, Current Contents/Social & BehavioralSciences, Current Mathernatical Publications, ASCA, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, SocialSciences Citation Index, Infonnationsdienst für Philosophie, Linguistics & Language BehaviorAbstracts, MathSci, Mathematical Reviews database, Review of Metaphysics, Revue Philosophique deLouvain, The Philosopher's Index, mZ/IBR, MLA International Bibliography, Academic Abstracts, TheISI Alerting Services, Science Citation Index, Sociological Abstracts, Social SciSearch, Family &Society Sfudies Worldwide, International Bibliographie für Österreichisches Philosophie, Zentrallblattfür Mathematik! Mathematics Abstracts.

Instructions for Authors for Synthese are available at http://www.springer.com/11229.

(\L. ~ l

Editors-in-Chief:

JOHAN VAN BENTHEMIUC, University ofAmsterdam, The Netherlands

VINCENT F. HENDRICKSDept. ofPhilosophy and Science Studies, Roskilde University, Denmark

JOHNSYMONSDept. ofPhilosophy, University ofTexas at EI Paso, USA

Area Editors:Ei'islemology: Horacio ArI6-Costa, Carnegie Mellon University, USATechnology, Biology and Artificial Life: Mark Bedau, Reed College and Portland State University, USACognitive Science: lohn Bickle, University ofCincinnati, USASocial Philosophy and the Social Sciences: Raymond Dacey, University ofIdaho, USAComputability and Computer Science: Luciano Floridi, Oxford University, UKMethodology and General Philosophy of Science: Paul Humphreys, University ofVirginia, USAHiSlOty of Early Analytic Philosophy: Paolo Mancosu, University of California at Berkeley, USAPhilosophy of Language and Linguistics: Rober! van Rooij, University of Amsterdam, The NetherlandsLogic and Mathematics: Gabriel Sandu, University ofHelsinki, FinlandPhysics: Sonja Smets, Vrije Universlteit Brussel, BelgiumPhilosophy of Mind: Lucia Vaina, Boston University, USAMetaphysics: Achille Varzi, Columbia University, USA

Advisory Board:),>eter Gärdenfors, Lund University, SwedenClark Glymour, Carnegie Mellon University, USAJaakko Hintikka, Boston University, USARober! Stalnaker, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, USA

Editor Special Section Knowledge, Rationality & Action:

WIEBE VAN DER HOEKDepartment ofComputer Science, University 0/Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7 ZF, UK

Editorial Board Special Section Knowledge, Rationality and Action: Oliver Board, University ofPittsburgh, USA; GiacomoBonanno, University of California at Davis, USA; Hans van Ditmarsch, University of Otago, New Zealand; Igor Douven,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; Paul Gochel, University of Liege, Belgium; Mamoru Kaneko, University ofTsukuba, Japan;'Jerome Lang, Universite Paul Sabatier,Toulouse, France; Rohil Parikh, Brooklyn College, USA; MarcPauly, Stanford University, USA; Wlodek Rabinowicz, Lund University, Sweden; Ramaswamy Ramanujam, Institute ofMathematical Sciences, Chennai, India; Hans Roll, Regensburg University, Germany; Gabriel Sandu, University ofHelsinki, Finland; Krisler Segerberg, Uppsala University, Sweden; Burkhard Schipper, University of California at Davis,USA; Rober! Stalnaker, Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, USA; Michael Wooldridge, University ofLiverpool, UK

ISSN 0039-7857

All Rights Reserved© 2009 Springer

No part of the material protected by 'this copyright notice may be reproduced orutilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and__...-=._••_1 _ __ : ....: _: 4;. ~ .l-. n.Pri",'h ,""""'T"

A.500

Synthese

Volume 166 . Number 1 . January (I) 2009

Margin for error and the transparency of knowledgeJ. Dokie . P. Egre 1

What determines biological fitness? The problem of the reference environmentM.Abrams 21

Wittgenstein and logicM. Link 41

Condorcet and communitarianism: Boghossian's fallacious inferenceA.w. Sehulz 55

Functions as based on a concept of general designU. Krohs 69

How and how not to make predictions with temporal CopernicanismK. Nelson 91

Yes fellows, most human reasoning is complexD. Batens . K. De Clercq . P. Verdee . J. Meheus 113

The logic' of how-questionsW. Jaw6rski 133

On the regress argument for infinitismJ. Turri 157

On background: using two-argument chanceK. Nelson 165

Ontological individualism reconsideredB. Epstein 187

Indexed/abstracted in Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, Current Contents/Social & BehavioralSciences, Current Mathematical Publications, ASCA, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, SocialSciences Citation Index, Informationsdienst für Philosophie, Linguistics & Language BehaviorAbstracts, MathSci, Mathematical Reviews database, Review of Metaphysics, Revue Philosophique deLouvain, The Philosopher's Index, mZ/IBR, MLA International Bibliography, Academic Abstracts, TheISI Alerting Services, Science Citation Index, Sociological Abstracts, Social SciSearch, Family &Society Studies Worldwide, International Bibliographie für Österreichisches Philosophie, Zentrallblattfür Mathematik! Mathematics Abstracts.

Instructions for Autbors for Synthese are available at http://www.springer.com/11229.

CONTENTSVohime XLVI, No. 4

ARTICLES

Al{ litt~SC)C\f{~~ Jou~1 oP

PL/\~(o.c-oP~\J ~)

Four Varieties ofCharacter-Based Virtue Epistemology 469JasonBaehr

Putting the Burden ofProofin Its Place:When Are Differential Allocations Legitimate? 503

Tim Dare and Justine Kingsbury

Merleau-Ponty's Pragmatist Ethics 519Matthew Groe

A Phenomenology for Homi Bhabha's PostcolonialMetropolitan Subject 537

Emily S. Lee

Hegel and Gadamer on BildungAnders Odenstedt

Malebranche and Descartes on Method:Psychologism, Free Will, and Doubt

David Scott

Index

PhllosQphisc:hes Seminarder Universität ZürJGh

559

581

605

REVUE DE

METAPI-IYSIQUEETDE

MORALE

Fondee en 1893 par Xavier Leon et Elie Halevy

Oirecteurde la publication Bernard Bourgeois

RBdactrice en chef Isabelle Thomas-Fogiel

Secretaire de rBdaction Alain de Seze

1/" iI' O·J'. '~,II;" I.,,*,c?''' .

Revue de Metaphysiqueet de Morale

OCTOBRE-DECEMBRE 2008 - N° 4

PUBLlEE AVEC L'AIDE DU CENTRE NATIONAL OE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUEET DU CENTRE NATIONAL DES LETTRES

AU-DELA DU POUVOIR ?A PARTIR DE LA PHILOSOPHIE FRAN

of Metaphysics is devoted to the promotion of technically competent,contributions to philosophical lmowledge. Not associated with anyIP, not the organ of any association or institution, it is interested in)lute inquiries into root questions, regardless of the writer's affiliation.

eww 01

physics.1 quarterly.ul Weiss

Editor: JUDE P. DOUGHERTYManager: BRANDON ZIMMERMA..l\IAsST. MANAGER: KENNETH J. ROLLINGSUBSCRIPTIONS: MICHAEL O'HALLORANBOOK REVIEWS: COLIN DAVID PEARSSecretary: MARY RAKOW

/l Y" "")Q .)1....." .DECEMBER 2008

VOl. lXII, No. 2 ISSUE No. 246

Ihe revievw 01

melaphysicsa philosophical quarterly

ubscription (yearly) '" " " $60.00Iscription (yearly) $40.001tiredPersons' Subscription (yearly) $25.00:titutionalSubscription (yearly) $100.00~ational subscribers are charged a yearly postagefee of$12.00.ISCOVER, AMERICAN EXPRESS, and MASTERCARD accepted. **

\ew is pleased to offer small discounts on two and three year sub-.ease visit our website at www.reviewofmetaphysics.org for moret is now possible to renewand to subscibe to the Review through our

ns supporting the Review as sustaining institutions are listed on the backuiew offers below-cost subscriptions to foreign libraries and scholarsits standard rates, a service made possible in part by donations and by)f sustaining institutions.

appearing in The Review of Metaphysics are indexed in the Social: Humanities Index, the Philosopher's Index, the Repertoirete de la Philosophie, and the Book Review Index.

:eenth, revised edition of the University of Chicago Press Manual of Style: authority on matters of style. Contributors are requested to follow the~ent issue of the Review in preparing their manuscripts. A style sheet forailable upon request, and can be found at the Review website:metaphysics.org. The Review is unable to accept faxed or electronic-mailed or on diskette), and contributors are advised to submit only hardof manuscripts for consideration.

manuscripts and related correspondence to the editor, and all other:e to the Manager, The Review ofMetaphysics, The Catholic University ofington, D.C. 20064 USA; telephone 1-800-255-5924; fax 202-319-4484;~viewofmetaphysics.org. Material submitted for publication must be'y return postage.

ation of change of address should be received six weeks in advance.,f unreceived issues must be requested within a year's time. Orders mustthe fifteenth of the month before an issue goes to print in order for that

I start with that issue.

ew of Metaphysics is published quarterly by the Philosophy EducationThe Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064.

:: Send address changes to The Review of Metaphysics, The CatholicAmerica, Washington, D.C. 20064 USA Periodicals postage paid at.C. and additional mailing offices.

t policy: All materials published in The Revi,ew of Metaphysics are'the Review. Submission of an article to the Review entails the author's

articles

Thomas J. McLaughlin, Nature and Inertia 251

Antoon Braeckman, The Morallnevitability of the Enlightenmentand the Precariousness of the Moment: Reading Kant'sWhat is Enlightenment? 285

Henning Peucker, From Logic to the Person:An Introduction to Edmund Husserl's Ethics 307

George Allan, A Functionalist Reinterpretation ofWhitehead's Metaphysics 327

Eric Entrican Wilson, Kantian Autonomy and the Moral Self 355

book reviews

Brandon Zimmerman and Staff, Summaries and Comments 383

Reviewer Index 451

abstracts 455

announcements 479

Journal 01 the Ph1l0S0phy 01 :SClence Assocmuon

Philosophy üf Science VOLUME 75·· NUMBER 2 • APRIL 2008

Editorial Board: Michael Dickson, Editor-in-ChiefDavis Baird, Todd Grantharn,David L. Hull, andR.I.G. Hughes, Associate Editors

Philqsophy of Science

Contents

Assistant Editors: Charlotte Dorlaque and Jerry Piotrowski ---

Colin AllenBob BattermanMichael BradieHarvey BrownJordi CatIn-Rae ChoRichard CreathLindley DardenJames FetzerArthur FineAllan FranklinSteven FrenchMichael FriedmanPeter GärdenforsRonald N. GiereClark Glymour

James GriesemerAlan HajekValerie HardcastleGeoffrey HellmanGiora HonDon HowardPaul Hoyningen-HueneNick HuggettPaul HumphreysGürolIrzikMuhammad Ali KhalidiJanet KouranyHenry KyburgHelen LonginoDeborah MayoSandra Mitchell

Margaret MorrisonAlan MusgraveKaren NeanderJohn D. NortonDavid PapineauItamar PitowskyAlexander RosenbergMichael RuseRose-Mary SargentLarry SklarMiriam SolomonStephen StichPaul TellerSoshichi Uchii

133 In Memoriam: Peter LiptonTIM LEWENS

140 The Generational Cycle of Suite Spaces and Adequate GeneticalRepresentationELISABETH A. LLOYD, RICHARD C. LEWONTIN, and MARCUS WFELDMAN

157 The Evolution of Cooperation in the Centipede Game with FinitePopulationsRORY SMEAD

178 Two Ways of Analogy: Extending the Study of Analogies toMathematical DomainsDIRK SCHLIMM

201 Two Views on Time ReversalJILL NORTH

224 The Immune System and Its EcologyALFRED 1. TAUBER

Executive Secretary: Gary Hardcastle

Governing Board of the Association

President: Larry Sklar, University of MichiganPresident-Elect: Nancy Cartwright, London School of EconomicsPast-President: Brian Skyrms, University of California, Irvine

Philosophisches Seminarder Universität Zürich

257 Referees for Philosophy of Science

Book/Reviews

246 MOHAN MATTHEN AND CHRISTOPHER STEPHENS: Handbook ofthe Philosophy of Science: Philosophy of Biology,reviewed by GREGORY J. MORGAN

249 KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECHEITE: Taking Action, Saving Lives: OurDuties to Protect Environmental and Public Health,reviewed by KEVIN ELLIOIT

251 P. KYLE STANFORD: Exceeding Our Grasp: Science, History, andthe Problem of Unconceived Alternatives,reviewed by DAVID HARKER

254 SAMIR ÜKASHA: Evolution and the Levels of Selection,reviewed by ALIRIO ROSALES

Nancy NersessianJohn NortonKyle StanfordAndrea Woody

Craig CallenderHeather DouglasAlan HajekSandra Mitchell

Journal of the Philosophy of Science Association

Philosophy of Science

/llf~

VOLUME 75 • NUMBER 3 • JULY 2008

Michael Dickson, Editor-in-ChiefDavis Baird, Todd Grantharn,David L. Hull, andR.I.G. Hughes, Associate Editors

Editorial Board:

Colin AllenBob BattermanMichael BradieHarvey BrownJordi CatIn-Rae ChoRichard CreathLindley DardenJames FetzerArthur FineAllan FranklinSteven FrenchMichael FriedmanPeter GärdenforsRonald N. GiereClark Glymour

James GriesemerAlanHajekValerie HardcastleGeoffrey HellmanGiora HonDon HowardPaul Hoyningen-HueneNick HuggettPaul HumphreysGürol IrzikMuhammad Ali KhalidiJanet KouranyHelen LonginoDeborah MayoSandra MitchellMargaret Morrison

Alan MusgraveKaren NeanderJohn D. NortonDavid PapineauItamar PitowskyAlexander RosenbergMichael RuseRose-Mary SargentLarry SklarMiriam SolomonStephen StichPaul TellerSoshichi Uchii

Philosophy of Science

Contents

259 Biological Codes and Topologttal CausationBENJAMIN JANTZEN and DAVID DANKS

278 The Meta-inductlvist's Winning Strategy in the Prediction Game:A New Approachto Hume's ProblemGERHARD SCHURZ

306 Natural Selection as a MechanismD. BENJAMIN BARROS

323 Doing Seience, Writing ScienceJUTTA SCHICKORE

344 Resurrecting Biological EssentialismMICHAEL DEVITI

383 Making Models CountANNA ALEXANDROVA

Assistant Editor: Holly Groover

Governing Board of the Association

President: Larry Sklar, University of MichiganPresident-Elect: Nancy Cartwright, London School of EconomiesPast-President: Brian Skyrms, University of California, Irvine

Book Reviews

405 FRITZ ALLHOFF, PATRICK LIN, JAMES MOOR, AND JOHNWECKERT (EDS.): Nanoethics: The Ethical and Social Implications01 Nanotechnology,reviewed by KEVIN C. ELLIOTT

409 JOHN W. CARROLL (ED.): Readings on Laws 01 Nature,reviewed by SIMON BOSTOCK

Craig CallenderHeather DouglasAlan HajekSandra Mitchell

Nancy NersessianJohn NortonKyle StanfordAndrea Woody

Executive Secretary: Gary Hardcastle

Philosophische§' iS~mlnafnor' Iinilt,.q..... :"'~ ... '!"H' ~ •

'

/1''-.\ ~,\"",,.

A. REFERATE ÜBER DEUTSCHSPRACHIGENEUERSCHEINUNGEN

TILO KNAPP: Die Kopernikanische Wende. Kants Neubegtündung der Meta-physik in der reinen Vernunft (Forum Religionsphilosophie, Bd, 16). 249S., Lit Verlag, Berlin 2008; ISBN 978-3-8258-0888-4, EUR 39,90

"Es ist hiermit eben so, als mit den ersten Gedanken des Kopernikus be-wandt, der, nachdem es mit der Erklärung der Himmelsbewegungen nichtgut fort wollte, wenn er annahm, das ganze Sternheer drehe sich um denZuschauer, versuchte, ob es nicht besser gelingen möchte, wenn er den Zu-schauer sich drehen, und dagegen die Sterne in Ruhe ließ. In der Metaphysikkann man nun, was die Anschauung der Gegenstände betrifft, es auf ähnlicheWeise versuchen," (KrV; B XVI-XVII)

Dieser berühmte Vergleich mit der Leistung Kopernikus' aus der Vorredezur zweiten Auflage der Kritik der reinen Vernurift verknüpfte die KantischeErkenntnistheorie nachhaltig mit dem Namen "Kopernikanische Wende",Im Rückgriff auf diesen Vergleich und die Wende vom geozentrischen zumheliozentrischen Weltbild strebt Tilo Knapp eine Interpretation der theore-tischen und praktischen Philosophie Kants an. Das Buch ist demgemäß indrei größere Teile gegliedert.

Der erste Teil - "Metaphysik und Methode" - befaßt sich allgemein mitder Kopernikanischen Wende: in ihrer historisch ursprünglichen Fassung beiKopernikus selbst wie auch in Kants Adaption in der Vorrede nach B derKritik der reinen Vernunft. Erhellend sind die Analyse der Vorrede sowie diehistorisch angereicherten Erläuterungen zu den von Kam gezogenen Analo-gien zur Logik, Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften. Dabei erörtertTilo Knapp, inwiefern sich das antike bzw. mittelalterliche und das neuzeit-liche Natur- und Wissenschaftsverständnis voneinander unterscheiden. Alswichtigstes Unterscheidungsmerkmal dient die experimentelle Methode: Dasbloße Beobachten der Natur wird mit Bacon und Galilei durch die Praxis deskontrollierten Experimentierens abgelöst, Kant selbst - das belegen die Pas-sagen aus der Vorrede - verpflichtet sich dem neuzeitlichen Verständnis, Erweist darauf hin, daß die Möglichkeit von naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntniswesentlich von der Fähigkeit des Naturwissenschaftlers zum regelgeleitetenund kontrollierten Intervenieren abhängt,

Im weiteren Verlauf geht der Autor auf die Leistung Kopernikus' und sei-nen Einfluß auf Kant ein, In diesem Zusammenhang setzt sich Tilo Knappu. a, mit der gelegentlich vorgebrachten Vermutung auseinander, der Ver-

207

GUNNAR HINDRICHS

Das Absolute und das Subjekt

Untersuchungen zum Verhältnis vonMetaphysik und Nachmetaphysik

2008. 346 Seiten. Kt € 29.-ISBN 978-3-465-03581-7

Metaphysik und Nachmetaphysik sind zwei gegensätzliche Arten desphilosophischen Denkens. Ihre jeweilige Eigenart und ihr Verhältniszueinander lassen sich mit Hilfe zweier Größen begreifen: Mit demBegriff des Absoluten und mit dem Begriff des Subjekts. Das meta-physische Denken kreist um das Absolute, während die Nachmeta-physik das Subjekt zu ihrem Ausgangspunkt nimmt. Das Absoluteund das Subjekt scheinen daher ebenfalls Gegensätze darzustellen.Hiergegen lautet der Grundgedanke dieses Buches, dass eine trag-fähige Philosophie der Subjektivität nicht ohne Arbeit am Begriff desAbsoluten auskommt. Ihn sucht es daher zunächst in Auseinanders-etzung mit der Tradition des ontologischen Arguments freizulegen,um ihn dann für die Problematik des Subjekts nutzbar zu machen. AmEnde steht die Verankerung des Subjekts in einem Unbedingten, dassich im Zuge analogen Denkens begreifen lässt. Für dieses Buch, seineHabilitationsschrift, erhielt der Autor den Akademiepreis 2007 derHeidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften.

"Dieses Buch bietet eine Metaphysik, die sich auf der Augenhöheunserer Zeit bewegt und geeignet ist, wie mit einem Paukenschlag diepostmetaphysische Epoche zu beenden. Was lange bestritten, um-kämpft und zurückgewiesen wurde, erstrahlt hier neu im Glanz desreinen Denkens."

Rheinischer Merkur

www./elostermann.de

~VITTORIO KLOSTERMANN

Philosophische Rundschau55. Jahrgang (2008) Heft 2

Inhalt

Woijgang Kienzier (Chemnitz/jena): Neue Lektüren von WittgensteinsLogisch-Philosophischer Abhandlung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95

jürgen Grqße (Berlin): Geschichtsphilosophie heute (1.Teil). . . . . . . .. 123

Felix Heidenreich (Stuttgart): Rationalität als Prävention und Simulation.Hans Blumenberg über die Ursprünge der Vernunft. 156

Thomas Meyer (Leipzig): Neue Literatur zu Leo Strauss. . . . . . . . . .. 168

Buchnotiz

Rolf-Peter Horstmann (Berlin): GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL: Gesam-melte Werke Bd. 10: Nürnberger Gymnasialkurse und gymnasialeReden (1808-1816), hrsg. v. K. Grotsch; DERS.: Vorlesungen. Ausge-wählte Nachschriften und Manuskripte, Bd. 17, Vorlesungen über diePhilosophie der Natur. Berlin 1825/26. Nachgeschrieben von Hein-rich Wilhe1m Dove, hrsg. v. K. BaI, G. Marmasse, Th. S. Poseh undK. Vieweg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 187

A...fOO

Neue Lektüren von WittgensteinsLogisch-Philosophischer Abhandlung

CORA DIAMOND: The Realistic Spirit. Wittgenstein, Philosophy, and the Mind.Cambridge, Mass. & London 1991. MIT Press. xv +396 S.

HANs SLUGA/ DAVlD STERN (HG.): The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein.Cambridge 1996. Cambridge University Press. ix + 509 S.

ALlCE CRARY/ RUPERT READ (HG.): The New Wittgenstein. London 2000.Routledge. ix + 403 S.

JAMES CONANT: The Method ofthe Tractatus. In: Erich Reck (Hg.): From Fregeto Wittgenstein, Perspectives on Early Analytic Philosophy. Oxford 2002.Oxford University Press. S. 374-462.

BARRY STOCKER (HG.): Post-Analytic Tractatus. Aldershot & Burlington, Vt.2004. Ashgate. viii + 244 S.

MARIE MCGINN: Elucidating the Tractatus. Wittgenstein's Early Philosophy ofLogic and Language. Oxford 2006. Oxford University Press. xiv + 315 S.

ALlCE CRARY (HG.): Wittgenstein and the Moral Life. Essays in Honor of CoraDiamond. Cambridge, Mass. 2007. MIT Press. viii + 409 S.

1. In der neueren 'Literatur zu Wittgenstein sind besonders zwei Inter-pretationsvorschläge hervorgetreten und kontrovers diskutiert worden undbeide zeichnen sich durch eine zugespitzte, paradoxe These aus. Zunächsthat Saul Kripke die Auffassung vertreten, daß Wittgenstein in den Philoso-phischen Untersuchungen an· zentraler Stelle die bisher radikalste Form desSkeptizismus vertreten habe, nach der es keinerlei Faktum gibt, welches dasrichtige Befolgen irgendeiner Regel, und damit insbesondere den kor-rekten Sprachgebrauch, festlegen kann.! Wir können demnach auf keineTatsache verweisen. die die Richtigkeit irgendeiner Wortverwendungrechtfertigen kömlte. Diese paradoxe These ist als Interpretation weitge-hend zurückgewiesen worden, 2 bestehen bleibt jedoch die Einsicht, daß

1 S. KRIPKE: Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, Oxford 1982; Wittgenstein überRegeln und Privatsprache Frankfurt/M. 1987. Dieser Vorschlag wirkte bis weit über dieGrenzen der Wittgensteingemeinde hinaus; vgl. etwa die ausführliche und enthusiastischeDarstellung von WOLFGANG STEGMÜLLER: Kripkes Deutung der Spätphilosophie Wittgensteins,in: Rauptströmungen der Gegenwartsphilosophie, Bd. IV, Stuttgart 1989, S. 1-160.

2 Tatsächlich zeigt eine genauere Lektüre, daßWittgenstein die Entstehung eines derartradikalen Paradoxes als Folge eines besonderen Mißverständnisses der Art, wie Regeln undSprachverwendung verwoben sind, aufweist und damit das Paradox nicht selbst vertritt,weshalb er es auch nicht auflösen muß. Wittgenstein nennt das »Paradox [...]: eine Regelkönnte keine Handlungsweise bestimmen, da jede Handlungsweise mit der Regel inÜbereinstimmung zu bringen sei« im unmittelbar folgenden Absatz ein »Mißverständnis«(Philosophische Untersuchungen [PhU] § 201), da es ohne Ende »Deutung hinter Deutung«setze. Etwas einfacher könnte man auch sagen, daß es kategorial verfehlt ist, normativeVerhältnisse durch Rekurs auf ein Faktum begründen zu wollen. Dieser Gedanke ist ver-wandt mit der Kontroverse d'arum, ob es nach Wittgenstein Verletzungen der logischenSyntax geben kann, da man ja jeden von einer bestimmten Verwendungsweise abwei-

Philosophische Rundschau, Band 55 (2008) S.95-122© 2008 Mohr Siebeck - ISSN 0031-8159

~~~ ";:;r;1"'-C2OaP)

Uwe Meixner· Albert Newen (eds.)

Logical Analysis and .History of Philosophy

Philosophiegeschichte undlogische Analyse

Guest Editors / Gastherausgeber

Christof Rapp . Philipp Brüllmann

S : A7-h g?-~1

mentis

Table ofContentsInhaltsverzeichnis

History of Philosophy in General -Philosophiegeschichte im Allgemeinen

RON WILBURN: Epistemic Contextualism and Skeptical Epistemology '" 13

HOLGER LEERHOFF: Der doppelte Boden des Logischen Atomismus .... 44

VOJTECH KOLMAN: Der Zahlbegriff und seine Logik. Die Entwicklungeiner Begründung der Arithmetik bei Frege, Gödel und Lorenzen 65

Focus: The Practical Syllogism -Schwerpunkt: Der praktische Syllogismus

Preface of the Guest Editors 91

CHRISTOF RAl'P/PHILIPP BRÜLLMANN: The Practical Syllogism:Analyses of an Aristotelian Concept 93

KLAUS CORCILIUS: Aristoteies' praktische Syllogismen in der zweitenHälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts 101

JEAN-BAPTISTE GOURINAT: Is There Anything Logically DistinctiveAbout Practical Syllogisms? 133

ANTHONY W. PRICE: The Practical Syllogism in Aristotle: A NewInterpretation ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151

KLAUS CORCILIUS: Two Jobs for Aristotle's Practical Syllogism? 163

PIERRE-MARIE MOREL: The Practical Syllogism in Context: De Motu 7and Zoology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185

PAULA GOTILIEB: The Ethical Syllogism 197

ANSELM MÜLLER: Formal and Material Goodness in Action.Retlections on an Aristotelian Analogy between Cognitive andPractical Teleology , 213

List of Contributors - Liste der AutOlren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 245

History of Philosophy in GeneralPhilosophiegeschichte im Allgemeinen

229

240

237

234

Table of Cöntents - Inhaltsverzeichnis

Book Reviews - Buchbesprechungen

Christof Rapp: Aristoteles. Rhetorik. Übersetzt und erläutert von Christo!Rapp (JÖRG HAR.DY) .

10

Owen Gingerich: Oods Universe (yIFfACH J. H. FEHlGE) 232

Mark Textor (ed.): The Austrian Contribution to Analytic Philosophy(WOLFGANG GOMBOCZ & ALESSANIDRO SAUCE) .

Sydney Shoemaker: Physical Realization (MATTHEW TUGBY). . .

Susan Pockett, Wtlliam P. Banks & Shaun Gallagher (eds.): DoesConsciousness Cause Behavior? (SVEN WALTER) .

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIESAn International Journal for Phllosophy in the Analytic Tradition

~l[l{O

Philosophical StudiesAn International Journal for Philosophy in the AnalyticTradition

Editor-in..Chief

STEWART COHEN, Department of Philosophy, Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287-4102, U.S.A. E-mail: cohen@asu.edu

Book Symposium Editor: THOMAS BLACKSON, Arizona State University

Senior Advisory Editor: KEITH LEHRER, University of Arizona

Board of Conslllting,Editors

Karen Bennett, Princeton UniversityPhillip Bricker, University 01 Massachusetts

(Amherst)John P. Burgess, Princeton UniversityAlex Byme, Mass.Institute o/TechnologyDavid ChaJmers, The Australian National UniversityRichard Creath, Arizona State UniversityWayne Davis, Georgetown UniversityMichael Devitt, City University o/New YorkCian Dorr, University 0/PittsburghJames Dreier, Brown UniversityDelia Graff Fara, Princeton UniversityFred Feldman, University 0/MassachusettsJohn Martin Fischer, University 01California

(Riverside)Gllhert Harman, Princeton University

. John Hawthome, Rutgers UniversityFrank Jackson, Australian National UniversityJeffrey King, University 0/Southern CaliforniaBemard W. Kobes, Arizona State University

Vann McGee, Mass.Institute o/TechnologyAlfred Mele, Florida State UniversityGideon Rosen, Princeton UniversityNathan Sahnon, University o/California

(Santa Barbara)Jonathan M. Schaffer, University 0/

Massachusetts (Amherst)Stephen Schiffer, New York UniversityTheodore Sider, Rutgers UniversityBrian Skynns, University ofCalifornia (Irvine)Holly M. Smith, Rutgers UniversityEmest Sosa, Brown UniversityStephen Stich, Rutgers UniversityJamie Tappenden, University 0/MichiganJudith Thomson, Mass.Institute o/TechnologyJames Van Cleve, Brown UniversityPeter Van Inwagen, University 0/Notre DameMichael White, Arizona State UniversityTimothy Williamson, Oxford UniversityStephen Yablo, Mass.Institute ofTechnology

Volume 141 . Number3 . December 2008

Emergent substancep. Toner 281

A survival guide to fissionM. Moyer 299

On the alleged impossibility of Bayesian CoherentismJ.N. Schupbach 323

Memory and timeJ. Femandez 333

The Humean problem ofinduction and Carroll's ParadoxM. Perez Otero 357

BOOK SYMPOSIUM ON PAUL BOGHOSSIAN'S FEAR OF KNOWLEDGE

Precis of Fear 01KnowledgeP. Boghossian 377

Fear of relativism?C. Wright 379

Boghossian, Bellarmine, and Bayes1. MacFarlane 391

Boghossian's Fear 01K1,1owledgeE. Sosa 399

IndexinglAbstractingPhilosophical Studies is indexedlabstracted in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional ScienceIndex, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Bulletin Signalerique, Current Contents/Arts & Humanities,Current Mathematical Publications, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, IBZ - InternationalBibliography ofPeriodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, FRANCIS -INISTICNRSInformationsdienst für Philosophie, Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie,International Political Science Abstracts, Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, MathematicalReviews Database, MathSci, MLA International Bibliography, The ISI Alerting Services, ThePhilosopher's Index, Revue Philosophique de Louvain, Sociological Abstracts.

© Springer 2008

Replies to Wright, MacFarlane and SosaP. Boghossian 409

Indexed in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional Science Index, Arts & Humanities CitationIndex, Bulletin Signaletique, Current ContentslArts & Humanities, Current Mathematical Publications,Family & Society Studies Worldwide, IBZ - International Bibliography 0/ Periodical Literature on theHumanities and Social Sciences, FRANCIS - INISTICNRS Informationsdienst für Philosophie,Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie, International Political Science Abstracts,Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, Mathematical Reviews Database, MathSci, MLAInternational Bibliography, The ISI Alerting Services, The Philosopher' s Index, Revue Philosophique deLouvain, Sociological Abstracts.

Instructions for Authors for Philos Stud are availahle at httn-/lwww .nnnup.r rom/ll nQR

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIESAn International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition

Editor-in-Chief

STEWART COHEN, Department of Philosophy, Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287-4102, U.S.A. E-mail: cohen@asu.edu

Book Symposium Editor: THOMAS BLACKSON, Arizona State University

Senior Advisory Editor: KEITH LEHRER, University of Arizona

Board of Consulting Editors

A~4(J

Philosophical StudiesAn International Journal for Philosophy in the AnalyticTradition

Volume 142 . Number 1 . January (I) 2009

IntroductionS. Goldberg 1

Knowing fuH weH: the normativity of beliefs as performancesE. Sosa 5

Karen Bennett, Princeton UniversityPhillip Bricker, University 01 Massachusetts

(Amherst)John P. Burgess, Princeton UniversityAlex Byme, Mass.lnstitute olTechnologyDavid Chillmers, The Austra/ian National UniversityRichard Creath, Arizona State UniversityWayne Davis, Georgetown UniversityMichael Devitt, City University 01 New YorkCian Dorr, University 01 PittsburghJames Dreier, Brown UniversityDelia Graff Fara, Princeton UniversityFred Feldman, University 01MassachusettsJohn Martin Fischer, University 01California

(Riverside)Gilbert Hannan, Princeton UniversityJOhn Hawthome, Rutgers UniversityFrank Jackson, Australian National UniversityJeffrey King, University 01Southern CaliforniaBemard W. Kobes, Arizona State University

Vann McGee, Mass.lnstitute 01 TechnologyAlfred Mele, Florida State UniversityGideon Rosen, Princeton UniversityNathan Salmon, University olCalifornia

(Santa Barbara)Jonathan M. Schaffer, University 01

Massachusetts (Amherst)Stephen Schiffer, New York UniversityTheodore Sider, Rutgers UniversityBrian Skyrms, University olCalifornia (Irvine)Holly M. Smith, Rutgers UniversityEmest Sosa, Brown UniversityStephen Stich, Rutgers UniversityJarnie Tappenden, University 01 MichiganJudith Thomson, Mass.lnstitute olTechnologyJames Van Cleve, Brown UniversityPeter Van Inwagen, University 01Notre DameMichael White, Arizona State UniversityTimothy Williamson, Oxford UniversityStephen Yablo, Mass.lnstitute olTechnology

Knowledge and success from abilityJ. Greco 17

Knowledge and credit1. Lackey 27

Reliability as a virtueR. Audi 43

Advice for fallibilists: put knowledge to work1. Fand· M. McGrath 55

Luminous enough for a cognitive homeR. Fumerton 67

Analyzing apriori knowledgeA. Casullo 77

A new argument for skepticismB. Reed 91

Indexing/AbstI'actingPhilosophical Studies is indexedlabstracted in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional ScienceIndex, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Bulletin Signaietique, Current ContentslArts & Humanities,Current Mathematical Publications, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, IBZ - InternationalBibliography 01 Periodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, FRANCIS -INISTICNRSInlormationsdienst für Philosop~ie, Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie,International Political Science Abstracts, Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, MathematicalReviews Database, MathSci, MLA International Bibliography, The ISI Alerting Services, ThePhilosopher's Index, Revue Philosophique de Louvain, Sociological Abstracts.

© Springer 2009

Reliabilism in philosophyS.C. Goldberg 105

Motivated contextualismD. Henderson 119

Indexed in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional Science Index, Arts & Humanities CitationIndex, Bulletin Signaletique, Current ContentslArts & Humanities, Current Mathematical Publications,Family & Society Studies Worldwide, IBZ -International Bibliography 01 Periodical Literature on theHumanities and Social Sciences, FRANCIS - INISTICNRS Inlormationsdienst für Philosophie,Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie, International Political Science Abstracts,Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, Mathematical Reviews Database, MathSci, MLAInternational Bibliography, The [SI Alerting Services, The Philosopher' s Index, Revue Philosophique deLouvain, Sociological Abstracts.

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIESAn International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition

Editor-in-Chief

STEWART COHEN, Department of Philosophy, Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287-4102, U.S.A. E-mail: cohen@asu.edu

Book Symposium Editor: THOMAS BLACKSON, Arizona State University

Senior Advisory Editor: KEITR LEHRER, University of Arizona

Board of Consulting Editors

A4l(O

Philosophical StudiesAn International Journal for Philosophy in the A~alyticTradition

Volume 142 . Number 2 . January (D) 2009

Noncomparabilism in epistemologyM.E. Wunderlich 133

Trumping the causal influence account of causationI Stone 153

Karen Bennett, Princeton UniversityPhillip Bricker, University 0/Massachusetts

(Amherst)Jolm P. Burgess, Princeton UniversityAlex Byrne, Mass.Institute o/TechnologyDavid Chahners, The Australian National UniversityRichard Creath, Arizona State UniversityWayne Davis, Georgetown UniversityMichael Devitt, City University o/New YorkCian Dorr, University 0/PittsburghJarnes Dreier, Brown UniversityDelia Graff Fara, Princeton UniversityFred Feldman, University 0/MassachusettsJolm Martin Fischer, University 0/California

(Riverside)Gilbert Hannan, Princeton UniversityJolm Hawthome, Rutgers UniversityFrank Jackson, Australian National UniversityJeffrey King, University 0/ Southern CaliforniaBemard W. Kobes, Arizona State University

Vann McGee, Mass.Institute o/TechnologyAlfred Mele, Florida State UniversityGideon Rosen, Princeton UniversityNathan Sahnon, University 0/California

(Santa Barbara)Jonathan M. Schaffer, University 0/

Massachusetts (Amherst)Stephen Schiffer, New York UniversityTheodore Sider, Rutgers UniversityBrian Skynns, University 0/ California (Irvine)Holly M. Smith, Rutgers UniversityEmest Sosa, Brown UniversityStephen Stich, Rutgers UniversityJamie Tappenden, University 0/MichiganJudith Thomson, Mass.Institute Q/TechnologyJarnes Van Cleve, Brown UniversityPeter Van Inwagen, University 0/Notre DameMichael White, Arizona State UniversityTimothy Williarnson, Oxford UniversityStephen Yablo, Mass.Institute o/Technology

Moral responsibility and agents' historiesA. Mele 161

Defending a possibilist insight in consequentialist thoughtI-P. Vessel 183

Inter-species variation in colour perceptionK. Allen 197

Thought-experiment intuitions and truth in fictionJ. Ichikawa . B. Jarvis 221

Empathy, sodal psychology, and global helping traitsC.B. Miller 247

Bennett and ''proxy actualism"M. Nelson· E.N. Zalta 277

Indexing/AbstractingPhilosophical Studies is indexedlabstracted in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional ScienceIndex, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Bulletin Signalitique, Current ContentslArts & Humanities,Current Mathematical Publications, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, IBZ - InternationalBibliography 0/Periodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, FRANClS -INISTICNRSIn/ormationsdienst für Philosophie, Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie,International Political Science Abstracts, Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, MathematicalReviews Database, MathSci, MLA International Bibliography, The ISI Alerting Services, ThePhilosopher' s Index, Revue Philosophique de Louvain, Sociological Abstracts.

© Springer 2009

Indexed in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional Science Index, Arts & Humanities CitationIndex, Bulletin Signaletique, Current ContentslArts & Humanities, Current Mathematical Publications,Family & Society Studies Worldwide, lBZ -International Bibliography 0/ Periodical Literature on theHumanities and Social Sciences, FRANCIS - INISTICNRS In/ormationsdienst für Philosophie,Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie, International Political Science Abstracts,Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, Mathematical Reviews Database, MathSci, MLAInternational Bibliography, The ISI Alerting Services, The Philosopher' s Index, Revue Philosophique deLouvain, Sociological Abstracts.

Instructions for Authors for Philos Stud are available at http://www.springer.com/ll098

PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIESAn International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition

Editor-in-Chiief

STEWART COHEN, Department of Philosophy, Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287-4102, U.S.A. E-mail: cohen@asu.edu

Book Symposium Editor: THOMAS BLACKSON, Arizona State University

Senior Advisory Editor: KEITH LEHRER, University of Arizona

Board of Consulting Editors

Alftto

Philosophical StudiesAn International Journal for Philosophy in the AnalyticTradition

Volume 142 . Number 3 . February 2009

Towards a semantics for biscuit conditionalsS. Predelli 293

In defense of adaptive preferencesD.W. Bruckner 307

Karen Bennett, Princeton UniversityPhillip Bricker, University ofMassachusetts

(Amherst)Jolm P. Burgess, Princeton UniversityAlex Byme, Mass. Institute ofTechnologyDavid Chalmers, The Australian National UniversityRichard Creath, Arizona State UniversityWayne Davis, Georgetown UniversityMichael Devitt, City University ofNew YorkCian Dorr, University ofPittsburghJames Dreier, Brown UniversityDelia Graff Fara, Princeton UniversityFred Feldman, University ofMassachusettsJolm Martin Fischer, University ofCalifornia

(Riverside)Gilbert Harrnan, Princeton UniversityJolm Hawthorne, Rutgers UniversityFrank Jackson, Australian National UniversityJeffrey King, University ofSouthern CaliforniaBernard W. Kobes, Arizona State University

VaIm McGee, Mass. Institute ofTechnologyAlfred Mele, Florida State UniversityGideon Rosen, Princeton UniversityNathan Salmon, University ofCalifornia

(Santa Barbara)Jonathan M. Schaffer, University of

Massachusetts (Amherst)Stephen Schiffer, New York UniversityTheodore Sider, Rutgers UniversityBrian Skyrrns, University ofCalifornia (Irvine)Holl.y M. Srnith, Rutgers UniversityErnest Sosa, Brown UniversityStephen Stich, Rutgers UniversityJamie Tappenden, University ofMichiganJudith Thomson, Mass. Institute ofTechnologyJames Van Cleve, Brown UniversityPeter Van Inwagen, University ofNotre DameMichael White, Arizona State UniversityTimothy Williamson, Oxford UniversityStephen Yablo, Mass. Institute ofTechnology

Truth-conditions, truth-bearers and the new B-theory of timeS. Torre 325

The Chrysippus intuition and contextual theories of truthJ. Newhard 345

The event of colorR. Pasnau 353

Is knowledge a natural kind?T.K. Pernu 371

The folk on knowing howJ. Bengson· M.A. Moffett· J.C. Wright 387

Naturalism', fallibilism, and the aprioriL. Warenski 403

Two-dimensionalism and the epistemology of recognitionM. Valaris 427

Indexing!AbstructingPhilosophical Studies is indexedJabstracted in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional ScienceIndex, Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Bulletin Signaletique, Current ContentslArts & Humanities,Current Mathematical Publications, Family & Society Studies Worldwide, IBZ - InternationalBibliography ofPeriodical Literature on the Humanities and Social Sciences, FRANCIS - INlSTICNRSInformationsdienst für Philosophie, Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie,International Political Science Abstracts, Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, MathematicalReviews Database, MathSci, MLA International Bibliography, The lSI Alerting Services, ThePhilosopher's Index, Revue Philosophique de Louvain, Sociological Abstracts.

© Springer 2009

Indexed in Academic Abstracts, African Urban and Regional Science Index, Arts & Humanities CitationIndex, Bulletin Signaletique, Current ContentslArts & Humanities, Current Mathematical Publications,Family & Society Studies Worldwide, IBZ - International Bibliography of Periodical Literature on theHumanities and Social Sciences, FRANClS - INISTICNRS lnformationsdienst für Philosophie,Internationale Bibliography für Österreichische Philosophie, International Political Science Abstracts,Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, Mathematical Reviews Database, MathSci, MLAInternational Bibliography, The ISI Alerting Services, The Philosopher' s Index, Revue Philosophique deLouvain, Sociological Abstracts.

Instructions for Authors for Philos Stud are available at http:Uwww.springer.com/ll098

The Philosophical Review is edited by the faculty of the 'Sage· School of Philosophy atCornen University: Karen .Bennett, Richard Boyd, Tad Brennan, Andrew Chignell, MattiEklund, Gail Fine, Carl Ginet, Harold Hodes, T. H. Irwin, Michene Kosch, Scott MacDonald,Richard W. Miller, Michele Moody-Adams, Derk Pereboom, Sydney Shoemaker, NicholasSilins, Nicholas L. Sturgeon, and Erin Taylor. The journal's editorial associate is LouiseSilberling.

Editors2006-2007 Nicholas L. Sturgeon, Brian Weatherson2008-2009 Nicholas L. Sturgeon, Tad Brennan, Derk Pereboom

The journal is published four times a year for the Sage School of Philosophy at CornellUniversity by Duke University Press. See the insiiU back cover JOT submission guiiUlines.

World Wide Web'Visit the editorial office at www.arts.comell.edu/philrev and Duke University Press Journalsat www.dukeupress.edu/journals.

SubscriptionsDirect all orders to Duke University Press,Journals Customer Service, 905 W. Main St., Suite18B, Durham, NC 27701. Annual subscription rates: print-plus-electronic institutions, $113;print-orily institutions, $104; e-only institutions, $101; individuals, $33; students, $20. Printsubscriptions: add $14 postage and 5% GST for Canada; add $18 postage outside the U.S.and Canada. Back volumes (institutions): $104. Single issues: institutions, $26; individuals,$12. For more information, contact Duke University Press Journals at 888-651-0122 (toll-freein the U.S. and Canada) or 919-688-5134; subscriptions@dukeupress.edu.

PermissionsPhotocopies for course or research use that are supplied to the end user at no cost may bemade without explicit permission or fee. Photocopies that are provided to the end user for afee may not be made without payment of permission fees to Duke University Press. Addressrequests for permission to republish copyrighted material to Permissions Coordinator,

permissions@dukeupress.edu.

AdvertisementsDirect inquiries about advertising to Journals Advertising Coordinator,journals..advertising@dukeupress.edu.

Indexing and AbstractingFor a list of the sources in which Philosophical Review is indexed and abstracted, seewww.dukeupress.edu/philreview.

The Philosophical Review is published, at $113 for (print-plus-electronic) institutions and $33for individuals, by Duke University Press, 905 W. Main St., Suite 18B, Durham, NC 27701.Periodicals postage paid at Durham, NC, and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Sendaddress changes to Philosophical Review, Duke University Press, Box 90660, Durham, NC27708-0660.

THE

PhilosophicalReview

v 0 L U M EIl 7, N UM BE R 4, 0 C TOB E R 2 00 8

Promising, Intimate Relationships, and ConventionalismSeana Valentine Shiffrin481

VariabilismSamuel Cumming 525

The Relevance of Self-Locating BeliefsMichael G. Titelbaum 555

BOOK REVIEWS

Daniel Graham, Explaining the Cosmos: The Ionian Tradition 0/Scientific PhilosophyGtibor Betegh 607

T. KJohansen, Plato's Natural Philosophy: A Study o/the Timaeus-CritiasCatherine Osborne 610

An tonia LoLordo, Pierre Gassendi and the Birth 0/Early Modern PhilosophyLarry M. jorgensen 615

Sergio Tenenbaum, Appearances 0/ the Good: An Essay on the Nature 0/Practical ReasonTalbot Brewer 618

Frances Kamm, Intricate EthicsElinor Mason 621

1SSN 0031-8108 © 2008 by cornen University Michael N. Forster, Wittgenstein on the Arbitrariness 0/ GrammarCyrus Panjvani 623

Samir Okasha, Evolution and the Levels 0/SelectionPatrick Forber 626

Barry Taylor, Models, Truth, and RealismAllan HiLzlett 630

PhIlosophisches Seminarder Unlversität'Zürloh

Maximilian De Gaynesford, I: The Meaning oj the First Person Termlose Luis Bermudez 634

Manuel Garcia-Carpintero andJosep Macia, eds., Two-Dimensional SemanticsPeter Sutton 637

B 0 0 K S RE C E I V E D 641

Promising, Intimate Relationships,and Conventionalism

INDEX OFVOLUME 117 649 Seana Valentine Shiffrin

The old chestnut about promising poses a puzzle about the generationof moral obligations. Some philosophers worry whether it could be pos-sible that, just through an individual's dec1aration, an obligation cancome to exist.1 They find it incredible that the mere expression of anindividual's will to alter her moral status can be effective in doing so injust the way she intends.2 Other obligations anse from the need to pre-vent~ respond to, or remedy events and states of affairs that have moral

For help and sound criticism, I am grateful to joshua Cohen, Ruth Chang, HelenaDebres, Ronald Dworkin, David Goldman, Mark Greenberg, Moshe Halbertal, NikoKolodny, Herben Morris, Thomas Nagel, Collin O'Neil, David Owens, Abe Roth,Tim Scanlon, Er}n Taylor, julie Tannenbaum, Larry Temkin, jay Wallace, an anony-mous reviewer, and especially, Barbara Herman and Liam Murphy. I have alsoprofited from conversations with audience· members at the General Aspects of LawSeminar at Boalt Hall, the Political Theory Workshop at Brown University, ComellUniversity, the Kennedy Center for Ethics and the Professions, Ohio State University,the 2006 OSU/Maribor/Rijeka Conference in Dubrovnik, California State University,Northridge, Rutgers University, the Stanford University Political Theory Colloquium,the University ofVermont, the University of Washington, and the NYU Colloquium onLaw and Philosophy.

1. This worry is articulated by, among others, Baier (1994, 111); Hume (1978,455,524); Anscombe (1981b, 97, 100); Prichard (2002a, 257); Markovits (2004, 1417,1442-43); Murphy (n.d.); Den Hartogh (1998,352).

2. This latter clause distinguishes cases like that of gratuitous insults, in whichthe issuer wishes to assert superiority over another but may, through the expression ofher will to assert superiority, create the unintended duty to apologize or make otheramends.

Philosophical Review, Vol. 117, No. 4, 2008DOI: 10.1215/00318108-2008-014

..;., ieieh;t,;4wWi'§§iWfid Anwz i:#W&Zr-k 7 "k'"wOi0"tt"

NOTRE DAME JOURNAL OF FORMAL lOGleNotre DaVolume~

EDITORS:Michael DetlefsenPeter Choiak

Volume 49, Number 4, 2008

CONTENTS

PRODUCTION EDITORand MANAGER:

Martha Kummerer

Automorphisms of Countable Short Recursively Saturated Models of PA.By Erez Shochat ',0 ••••••••••••••••• 345

Intuitionistic Logic according to Dijkstra's Calculus ofEquationalDeduction.

By Jaime A. Boh6rquez V 361

A Note on Logics of Ignorance and Borders.By Christopher Steinsvold 385

Models Omitting Given Complete Types.By Akito Tsuboi 393

Weakening of Intuitionistic Negation for Many-valued Paraconsistentda Costa System.

By Zoran Majkic : 401

The SUfi of Irreducible Fractions with Consecutive DenominatorsIs Never an Integer in PA-.

By Victor Ppmbuccian .425

Proof Mining in Topological Dynamics.By Philipp Gerhardy 431

Book Review: Neil Tennant. The Taming ofthe True.By W D. Hart 447

The Notre Dame Journal ojFormal Logic is published by Duke University Press on behalf of theUniversity of Notre Dame.

© 2008 by University of Notre DameISSN 0029-4527

The ISchlia tiniory iJrecurhavesivelwhierecru

Acurs:that,deteare csam

Rec200Key©:

V()L. 90, NO.2 NQO'i rI iU-. '>!f" rWK.lL LUUi

THE IvfONISTAn International Quarterly Journal of General PhilosophicalInquiry

FOUNDED 1888 BY EDWARD C. HEGELER

Editor: BARRY SMITHManaging Editor: SHERWOOD ]. B. SUGDEN

Production: CRAIG W. O'DELL

THEMONISTAn International Quarterly Journal ofGeneral Philosophical Inquiry

FOUNDED 1888 BY EDWARD C. HEGELER

EDITOR: Barry Smith

ADVISORY EDITOR: lohn Haldane

MANAGING EDITOR: Sherwood J. B. Sugden

GENERAL TOPle: Scottish Philosophy

GORDON GRAHAMThe Ambition of Scottish Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

DANIEL N. ROBINSONThe Scottish Enlightenment and the American Founding. . . . . . . . 170

PAULRUSSELLHume's Lucretian Mission: Is it Self-refuting?

Editorial Board:HENRY E. ALLISON, Boston University; DAVID M. ARMSTRONG, University of Sydney;ROBERTO CASATJ, C.N.R.S., Paris/Buffalo; DAGFINN F0LLESDAL, Stanford University &University of0510; SUSAN HAACK, University ofMiami; JOHN HALDANE, University ofst.Andrews, scotland; RUDOLF HALLER, University of Graz; RUTH BARCAN MARCUS, YaleUniversity; JOSEPH MARGOLIS, Temple University; WALLACE I. MATSON, University ofCal-ifornia at Berkeley; KEVIN MULLIGAN, University of Geneva; J. C. NURI, HungarianAcademy of sciences, Budapest; J. OWENS, Pontijical Institute of Mediaeval studies, Toronto;ANITA SILVERS, San Francisco state University; PETER M. SIMONS, University of Leeds; JOHNE. SMITH, Yale University; SIR PETER STRAWSON, Oxford University; JAN WOLENSKl, Jagiel-lonian University, Cracow; ACHILLE C. VARZI, Columbia University.

ARTICLES:

JOHN HALDANEScottish Philosophy ............ ......... 147

......... 182

MARGARET SCHABASGroups versus Individuals in Hume's Political Economy 200

JOHN GLASSFORDSympathy and Sp~ctatorship in Scottish Writing After Hume ..... 213

RYAN NICHOLSNatural Philosophy and itsLimits in the Scottish Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 233

................ 271

Historical Note: Paul CarusPaul Carus, the first editor of The Monist, was born in I1senberg arn Harz on July 18,1852,and died in La SaUe, lliinois on February 11, 1919. After receiving his Ph.D. degreein philosophy and classical philology from Tübingen University in 1876, he taughtbriefly at the State Military Academy at Dresden. In search of freedom for expressionof his independent views, he migrated first to England and then to the Uni~ed States.In 1887, he accepted the invitation of Edward C. Hegeler (who later becarne his father-in-Iaw) to edit The Open Court magazine, a monthly journal devoted primarily to com-parative religion. In 1888, The Monist was established as a quarterly journal of the phi-losophy of science, and Paul Carus served as editor of both journals, and as editor of theOpen Court Publishing Company until his death in 1919.

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: United States: Annual (4 issues): Institutions, $50.00; individuals,$30.00; 2 years institutions, $90.00; individuals, $50.00. Single copies: $12.00. Foreignpostage: Add $2.00 to single copy rate or $4.00 per year of subscription.

Checks should be made payable 10 nIE MONIST and addressed 10 THE MONIST, 315 Fifth SI., Peru,mino;s 61354

Correspondence conceming manuscripts shouJd be addressed toBarry Smith, Edilor, nIE MONlST

Department of PhilosophyUniversHy al Buffalo

Slale University of New York135 Park Hall

Buffalo, NY 14260-4150 USA

THE MONIST, Vol. 90, No. 2Copyright © 2007, The Hegeler Institute

Peru, Ill:inois 61354Published by The Hegeler Institute

JAMES VAN CLEVEReid's Answer to Molyneux's Question

DABNEY TOWNSENDDugald Stewart on Beauty and Taste

JAMES FIESERThe Rise and FaII of James Beattie'sCommon-sense Theory of Truth .

JENNYKEEFEJames Ferrier and the Theory of Ignorance

MARKWEBLINAnderson on Reid and Scottish Philosophy

BOOKS RECEIVED . . • . . . . . •

........ 251

.......... 287

... : 297

.310

.326

2007Philm:ophischr.s Semmar

.J~. I i.·,;",.w",it;jt 7iirinh

VOL. 91, NOS. 3 & 4 JULY & OCTOBER 2008

THEMONISTAn International Quarterly Journal of General Philosophicallnquiry

FOUNDED 1888 BY EDWARD C. HEGELER

Editor: BARRY SMITHManaging Editor: SHERWOOD J. B. SUGDEN

Production: CRAIG W. O'DELL

THEMONISTAn International Quarterly Journal 01 General Philosophical Inquiry

FOUNDED 1888 BY EDWARD C. HEGELEREDITOR: Barry Smith

AnVISORY EDITOR: Robert P. George

MANAGING EDITOR: Sherwood J. B. Sugden

GENERAL TOPlc: MarriageARTICLES:

.606

.632

.635

........ 506

PhiloR()nhh~"hn., l'n_.,_ .')()()Q

ALEXRAJCZIA Populist Argument for Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage. . . . . . . . 475

BRYAN R. WEAVER & FIONA WOOLLARDMarriage and theNorm ofMonogamy

MARY CATHERINE GEACHLying with the Body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

ANDREA C. WESTLUNDThe Reunion of Marriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

CASS R. SUNSTEIN & RICHARD H. THALERPrivatizing Marriage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

JOHNFINNISMarriage: A Basic and Exigent Good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . 388

ADELE MERCIEROn the Nature of Marriage:Somerville on Same-Sex Marriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

PATRICKLEEMarriage, Procreation, and Same-Sex Unions 422

(followed byMercier's Reply and Lee's Rejoinder)

JEREMY R. GARRETTHistory, Tradition, and theNormative Foundations of Civil Marriage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

INDEX TO VOLUME 91 .

BROOK J. SADLERRe-thinking Civil Unions and Same-Sex Marriage. . . . . . . . . . . 578

GERARD V. BRADLEYWhat's in a Name? A Philosophical Critique of'Civil Unions' Predicated Upon a Sexual Relationship .

SCOPE OF FORTHCOMING ISSUES

i.f.<

Correspondence conceming manusaipts should be addressed toBarry Smith, Editor, THE MONlST

Department of PhilosophyUniversity at Buffalo

State University of New York13S Park Hall

Buffalo, NY 14260-4150 USA

SUBSCRIPTION RATES: United States: Annual (4 issues): Institutions, $50.00; individuals,$30.00; 2 years institutions, $90.00; individuals, $50.00. Single copies: $12.00. Foreignpostage: Add $2.00 to single copy rate or $4.00 per year of subscription.

Checks should be made payable toTHE MONIST and addressed to THE MONIST, 315 Fifth St., Peru, nlinois 61354

Paul Cams, the first editor of The Monist" was born in llsenberg am Harz on July 18,1852, and died in La Salle, lllinois on Febmary 11, 1919. After receiving his Ph.D. degreein philosophy and classical philology from Tübingen University in 1876, he taughtbriefly at the State Military Academy at Dresden. In search of freedom for expressionof his independent views, he rnigrated first to England and then to the United States.In 1887, he accepted the invitation of Edward C. Hegeler (who later became his father-in-law) to edit The Open Court magazine, a monthly journal devoted primarily to com-parative religion. In 1888, The Monist was established as a quarterly journal of the phi-losophy of science, and Paul Cams served as editor of both journals, and as editor of theOpen Court Publishing Company until his death in 1919.

Historical Note: Paul Carus

THE MONIST, Val. 91, Nos. 3 & 4Copyright © 2008, The Hegeler Institute

Pem, Illinois 61354Published by The Hegeler Institute

Editorial Board:HENRY E. ALUSON, Boston University; DAVID M. ARMSTRONG, University of Sydney;ROBERTO CASATI, C.N.R.S., Paris/Buffalo; DAGFINN 'F0LLESDAL, Stanford University &University of Oslo; SUSAN HAAcK, University ofMiarni; JOHN HALDANE, University ofSt.Andrews, Scotland; RUOOLF HALLER, University of Graz; RUTH BARCAN MARCUS, YaleUniversity; JOSEPH MARGous, Temple University; WALLACE I. MATSON, University ofCal-ifornia at Berkeley; KEVIN MULLIGAN, University of Geneva; J. C. NYiRr, HungarianAcademy of Sciences, Budapest; J. OWENS, Pontijical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Toronto;ANrrA SILVERS, San Francisco State University; PErER M. SIMONS, University of Leeds; JOHNE. SMITII, Yale University; JAN WOLENSKl, JagielIonian University, Cracow; ACHILLE C.VARZI, Columbia University.

H('{;\d ~/17- N('. Lt~ (2f):xf) oKf·)

ArticlesRationality without ReasonsJUDITH BAKER 763

Indicative Conditionals in ContextELIZA BLOCK 783

Dispositional Properties and Counterfactual ConditiönalsSUNGHO CHOI 795

Masked Abilities and CompatibilismMICHAEL FARA 843

Analytic Philosophy and History: AMismatch?HANS-JOHANN GLOCK ' 867

In Defence of RepugnanceMICHAEL HUEMER 899

Metamerism, Constancy, and Knowing WhichMARKELI KALDERON 935

Situated Normativity: The Normative Aspect of Embodied Cognitionin Unreflective Action

ERIK RIETvELD 973

Visual Attention, Cbnceptual Content, andDoirig it RightWAY,NE Wu 1003

,/

Critical NoticeWhat Does the Struqme ofIntentional Action Tell Us

About Our Reasons for Action?Candace Vogler's Reasonably Vicious

SARAH Buss . 1035

DiscussionsThe Co-ordination Principles: A Problem for BilateralismFERNANDO FERREIRA 1051

Co-ordination Principles: A ReplyIAN RUMFITT 1059

Book Reviews

Ruth.M. J. Byrne: The Rational Imagination: How People CreateAlternatives to Reality

STEPHEN BUTTERFILL 1065

1076

1079 Books Received 1141

1082 Announcements 1145

1086Index 2008 1151

,

PermissionsFor information on how to request permissions to reproduce articles/information fromthis journal, please visit http://www.oupjournals.orglpermissions.

AdvertisingEnquiries about advertising should be sent to Helen Pearson, Oxford Journals Advertis-ing, PO Box 347, Abingdon ox14 1GJ, UK. Email: helen@oxfordads.com. Tel/Fax: +44(0)1235 201904.

DisclaimerStatements of fact and opinion in the articles in Mind are those of the respectiveauthors and contributors and not ofMind or Oxford University Press. Neither OxfordUniversity Press nor Mind makes any representation, express or implied, in respect ofthe accuracy of the material in this journal and cannot accept any legal responsibility orliability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The reader should make his/herown evaluation as to the appropriateness or otherwise of any experimental techniquedescribed.

1135

1127

11jO

John R. Searle: Freedom and Neurobiology: Reflections on Free Will,Language, and Political Power

MARKUS SCHLOSSER

Kieran Setiya: Reasons without RationalismRALPH WEDGWOOD

Robert C. Solomon: Dark Feelings, Grim Thoughts: Experience andReflection in Camus and Sartre

SIMON GLENDINNING

Please visit the journal's websites at: http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/phil/mind/ andhttp://www.mind.oxfordjournals.orgl

Vol. 117 . No. 468 . October 2008

© Mind Association 2008. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be repro-duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec-tronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior writtenpeimission of the Publishers, or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in theUK by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, LondonWlP 9HE.

_.!lappell (ed.): Values and Virtues: Aristotelianism in~.emporary Ethics

.•sTJAN KRISTJANSSON 1069

Jonardon Ganeri: The Concealed Art ofthe Soul: Theories ofSelfandPractices ofTruth in Indian Ethics and Epistemology

RAYMOND MARTIN 1072

Alvin I. Goldman: Simulating Minds: The PhilQsophy, Psychology, andNeurosdence ofMindreading

PHILIP ROBBINS

Paul Guyer: Values ofBeauty: Historical Essays in AestheticsT. E. WILKERSON

JeffJordan: Pascal's Wager: Pragmatic Arguments and Beliefin GodCRAlG DUNCAN

John Kekes: The Enlargement ofLife: Moral Imagination at Wor1cJOEL KUPPERMAN

Brian Leiter: Naturalising ]urisprudence: Essays on American LegalRealism and Naturalism in Legal Philosophy

VERONICA RODRIGUEZ-BLANCO 1091

Tim Lewens: DarwinMICHAEL RUSE 1094

Hendrik Lorenz: The Brute Within: Appetitive Desire. in Plato andAristotle

JONATHAN BEERE 1097

Graham MacDonald and David Papineau (eds): Teleosemantics:New Philosophical Essays

JAMES MACLAURIN 1102

Marie McGinn: Elucidating the Tractatus: Wittgenstein's EarlyPhilosophy ofLogic and Language

JosE 1. ZALABARDO 1105

Stephen Mulhall: Wittgenstein's Private Language: Grammar, Nonsense,and Imagination in Philosophical Investigations §§243-315

GBNIA SCHÖNBAUMSFELD 1108

Casey O'Callaghan: Sounds: A Philosophical TheoryJOlIN KULVICKI 1112

Samir Okasha: Evolution and the Levels ofSelectionMATT HABER 1116

Eric T. 01son: What Are We? A Study in Personal OntologyLYNN RUDDER BAKER 1120

R. M. Sainsbury: Reference without ReferentsZoLTAN GENDLER SZAB6 1123

LINGUISTICS AND PHILOSOPHY

Al(1.(-R

LINGUISTICS AND PHILOSOPHY / Volume 31 NO.2 2008

Editor-in-Chief:PAULINE JACOBSON, Department ofCognitive & Linguistics Sciences,

Brown University, Box 1978, Providence, R1 02912-1978, USA, E-mail: PaulineJacobson@Brown.edu(address for submissions: see inside back cover)

Associate Editors:Kent Bach, San Francisco State University (philosophy 01' language, pragmatics); DanieI Büring, UniversityofCallfornia, Los Angeles (naturallanguage syntax, semantics-syntax interaction); Paul Dekker, UniversityofAmsterdam (naturallanguage semanties); Peter Lasersohn, University of lllinois (book reviews); BethLevin, Stanford University (lexical semanties); Julie Sedivy, Brown University (psycholinguistics); MartinStokhof, University ofAmsterdam (philosophy 01' language; naturallanguage semanties); Thomas EdeZimmerman, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University (langllage and logic, discourse)

Executive Board:Francis J. Pelletier, Simon Fraser University, Chair; Greg Carlson, University ofRochester,

Vice-Chair; Richmond H. Thomason, University ofMichigan, Secretary-Treasurer

Editorial Board:

ADRIAN BRASOVEANU / Donkey Pluralities: Plurallnfonnation StatesVersus Non-atOlnie Individuals 129-209

DAVID NlCOLAS / Mass Nouns and Plural Logic 211-244

RAJ SINGH / On the Interpretation of Disjunetion: Asymmetrie,Ineremental, and Eager for Ineonsisteney 245-260

BarbaraAbbott, Michigan State University, East LansingChris Barker, New York UniversityDavid Beaver, Stariford UniversityGennaro Chierchia, University ofMilanMax Cresswell, Victoria University ofWellingtonÖsten Dahl, University ofStockholmVeneeta Dayal, Rutgers University, New BrunswickDavid Dowty, The Ohio State UniversityGraeme Forbes, University ofColorado, BoulderDanny Fox, MIT, CambridgeChris Fox, University ofEssexIrene Heim, MIT, CambridgeLaurence R. Horn, Yale University, New HavenMakoto Kanazawa, National Institute oflriformatics,TokyoChris Kennedy, University ofChicagoAngelika Kratzer, University ofMassachusetts,AmherstManfred Krifka, Humboldt-Universität, BerlinShalom Lappin, King' s College, London, UK

Barbara H. Partee, University ofMassachusetts atAmherstGerald Penn, University ofTorontoChris Potts, University ofMassachusetts, AmherstMalka Rappaport Hovav, The Hebrew UniversityofJerusalemFran~ois Recanati, Institut Jean Nicod, ParisIvan A. Sag, Stanford University, CABarry Schein, University ofSouthern Callfornia,Los AngelesStephen Schiffer, New York UniversityRoger Schwarzschild, Rutgers University, NewBrunswickArnim von Stechow, Universität TübingenWolfgang Sternefeld, Universität TübingenHenriette de Swart, Utrecht UniversityAnna Szabolcsi, New York UniversityLaura Wagner, Wellesley CollegeDag Westerstähl, Stockholm UniversityYoad Winter, Technion, Halfa

Publication progranune, 2008: Volume 31 (6 issues).Subscriptions should be sent to Springer Customer Sel'vice Journals, Haberstraße 7, 69126 Heidelberg,Germany, or P.O. Box 2485, Secaucus, NJ 07094-2485, U.S.A., or to any subscription agent. Private sub-scriptions should be sent direct to the publishers. Changes 01' mailing address should be notified togetherwith our latest label.For advertisement rates, prices 01' back volumes, and other information, please apply to Springer, P.O. Box17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Linguistics & Philosophy is indexed/abstracted by African Urban & Regional Science Index, BulletinSign~etique,Community DevelopmentAbstracts, Current Contents/Arts & Humanities, Arts & HumanitiesCitation Index, Information Technology and the Law, Linguistics & Language Behavior Abstracts, LanguageTeaching & Linguistics, MLA International Bibliography, PASCAL - INIST/CNRS, The Philosopher'sIndex, Sociological Abstracts, ffiZ/IBR, Linguistics Abstracts, Linguistic Bibliography, Revue de la

Availableonline

PhilosophisGhes SemlnSJr

LINGUISTICS A.ND PHILOSOPHY

A44~

LINGUISTICSAND PHILOSOPHY I Vo/urne 31 No.3 2008

Editor-in-Chief:PAULINE JACOBSON, Department olCognitive & Linguistics Sciences,

Brown. University, Box 1978, Providence, RI 02912-1978, USA, E-mail: PaulineJacobson@Brown.edu(addresslor submissions: see inside back cover)

Associate Editors:Kent Bach, San Francisco State University (philosophy of language, pragrnatics); Daniel Büring, UniversityofCallfornia, Los Angeles (naturallanguage syntax, semantics-syntax interaction); Paul Dekker, University01Amsterdam (naturallanguage semanties); Peter Lasersohn, University of lllinois (book reviews); BethLevin, Stanford University (lexical semanties); Julie Sedivy, Brown University (psycholinguistics); MartinStokhof, University ofAmsterdam (philosophy of language; naturallanguage semanties); Thomas EdeZimmerman, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University (language and logic, discourse)

Executive Board:Francis J. Pelletier, Simon FraseI' University, Chair; Greg Carlson, University 01Rochester,

Vice-Chair; Richmond H. Thomason, University 01Michigan, Secretary-Treasurer

Editorial Board:

RU! P. CHAVES / Linearization-based Word-part Ellipsis

PAUL HORWICH / What's Truth Got to do with it?

ANITA MITTWOCH / The English Resultative Perfect and itsRelationship to the Experiential Perfect and the Siniple Past Tense

YAEL SHARVIT / The Puzzle of Free Indirect Discourse

261-307

309-322

323-351

353-395

BarbaraAbbott, Michigan State University, East LansingChris Barker, New York UniversityDavid Beaver, Stanlord UniversityGennaro Chierchia, University 01MilanMax Cresswell, Victoria University ofWellingtonÖsten Dahl, University 01StockholmVeneeta Dayal, Rutgers University, New BrunswickDavid Dowty, The Ohio State UniversityGraeme Forbes, University ofColorado, BoulderDanny Fox, MIT, CambridgeChris Fox, University oiEssexhene Heim, MIT, CambridgeLaurence R. Horn, Yale University, New HavenMakoto Kanazawa, National Institute ollnlormatics,TokyoChris Kennedy, University ofChicagoAngelika Kratzer, University 01Massachusetts,AmherstManfred Krifka, Humboldt-Universität, BerlinShalom Lappin, King' s College, London, UK

Barbara H. Partee, University 01Massachusetts atAmherstGerald Penn, University ofTorontoChris Potts, University 01Massachusetts, AmherstMalka Rappaport Hovav, The Hebrew University01JerusalemFranyois Recanati, Institut Jean Nicod, ParisIvan A. Sag, Stanlord University, CABarry Schein, University ofSouthern Callfornia,Los AngelesStephen Schiffer, New York UniversityRoger Schwarzschild, Rutgers University, NewBrunswickArnirn von Stechow, Universität TübingenWolfgang Sternefe