Table of Contents - pha1955.compha1955.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Book-of-abstracts.pdf · Tungo sa Pagdalumat ng Kasaysayang Panlipunan ng Unibersidad” Romeo P. Peña, PhD

PHA is affiliated with the

National Historical Commission of the Philippines,the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and the

Philippine Social Science Council.

The Philippine Historical Association (Kapisanang Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas) is a professional and honor association of historians, history teachers and researchers in the Philippines, founded in 1955 by a group of historians that include Encarnacion Alzona, Gabriel Fabella, Gregorio Zaide, Nicolas Zafra, Celedonio Resurreccion, Teodoro Agoncillo, Esteban de Ocampo and Fr. Horacio de la Costa. A non-stock, non-profit, non-sectarian and non-partisan organization, its main objective is to promote and propagate historical knowledge and studies through conferences, training programs and scholarly publications.

Table of Contents

2 Message from the President3 20 September 2018, Thursday (Day 1) Schedule6 21 September 2018, Friday (Day 2) Schedule9 22 September 2018, Saturday (Day 3) Schedule10 Abstracts

2 philippine historical asso ciation annual conference 2018

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

Welcome, our valued delegates!This is to convey my utmost appreciation to all the

delegates of the Philippine Historical Association National conference 2018. Since the start of my leadership in 2015, the organization has been able to tackle different themes that have impact on the Filipinos’ quest to further explain their identity and also important issues confronting our society. In 2015, the international conference on historical education provided us with various perspectives and tools on how to deepen studies and disseminate information about our shared roots in Southeast Asia. In 2016, our Davao conference highlighted good governance and the role of Mindanao in the historical development of our country. Last year, an international conference on Malay world was convened with our Malaysian and Indonesian partners highlighting fresh perspectives and new directions on Malay studies. This year, we are providing you with a venue for a discourse on public historiography, an emerging trend focusing on people in the periphery who contributed much in popularizing local and national history.

My felicitation also goes to the members of the PHA Board who unselfishly mounted this event and also to our partner agencies especially the GSIS Museum that extended valuable assistance in the realization of this conference.

Mabuhay!

Emmanuel F. Calairo, PhD President

3philippine historical asso ciation annual conference 2018

P R O G R A M O F A C T I V I T I E S

DAY 1 : 2 0 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 , T H U R S DAYGSIS Museo ng Sining, Pasay City

8:00 - 9:00 a.m. REGISTR ATION9:00 - 10:15 a.m. OPENING CEREMONIES

Philippine National Anthem

Invocation Evelyn A. Miranda, PhD treasurer, philippine historical association

Opening Remarks Emmanuel F. Calairo, PhD president, philippine historical association

Message of Circumstance government service and insurace system

Presentation of Participant and PHA Officers Jonathan C. Balsamo secretary, philippine historical association

Overview of the Conference and Introduction of the Keynote Speaker Fernando A. Santiago, Jr., PhD vice-president, philippine historical association

K E Y NOT E A DDR E S S “Flexing History’s Muscles: The Practice and Challenge of Public History in the Philippines” Maria Serena I. Diokno, PhD former chair national historical commission of the philippines

10:15 - 10:30 a.m. L AUNCHING OF PHA WEBSITE AND THE HISTORICAL BULLETIN Ma. Luisa T. Camagay, PhD editor-in-chief, historical bulletin


10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. FIRST PLENARY SESSION AND TRIBU TE

“Kasaysayang Pangmadla: Towards Telling the History of Public History in the Philippines” Michael Charleston “Xiao” B. Chua, PhD (Cand.) de la salle university

“The Future of History: Reflections on a Public Life” Ambeth R. Ocampo ateneo de manila university

12:00 - 1:00 p.m. LUNCH BREAK

______

PAR ALLEL SESSIONS

1:00 - 2:00 p.m.

PANEL 1APolitics & Public History

Lower Gallery

“Nasaan ang Madla sa Kasaysayang Pangmadla?: Panunuri sa mga Representasyon ng Bukluran at Tunggalian sa mga Memoryal at Monumentong Parangal sa Kilusang Anti-Diktadurya at Kapangyarihang Bayan sa Pilipinas”Atoy M. Navarro

“Weaponizing History in the Public Arena: Appropriation of the Past by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte”Michael Charleston “Xiao” B. Chua and Vicente Angel “Van” S. Ybiernas

“Public Diplomacy and Contemporary Philippine History: Cases, Issues, and Challenges”Adonis Elumbre

PANEL 1BLocal History & Population Movements

Luna Room

“The Effects of Migration to the Demography of Mindanao (1903-2018)”Shane Patrick G. Sordilla

“Ilonggo Migration and its Socio-Economic Contributions in Kidapawan, North Cotabato 1948-2015”Christian Jay G. Jarabe

“Understanding Pioneer Aklanon (1965-1973) of Aklan Village, Diffun, Quirino: A Basis for Local History”Harris T. Ignacio


PANE l 2AAcademic & Public History

Lower Gallery

“Levels of Historical and Cultural Awareness of Peoples in Selected Countries of Southeast Asia: A Comparative Study”Isabel Annesley S. Abao, PhD

“Linking Academic and Public History: The Ateneo Social and Cultural Laboratory” Olivia Anne M. Habana, PhD

“Tikas-Pamana: Ang Cavite Studies Center (CSC) bilang Tagapangalaga ng Kasaysayan at Kultura ng Cavite”Palmo R. Iya, Phd

PANE l 3APublic HistoryLower Gallery

“Pagsipat sa mga Konseptong Pangkasaysayan mula sa Labas ng Akademya”Wensley M. Reyes andNikolee Marie A. Serafico-Reyes

“Pagsasabuhay sa Nakaraan: Ang Paggamit ng Teknolohiya sa Pag-Aaral ng Babasahin Hinggil sa Kasaysayan Gamit ang Pelikulang ‘Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral’Arlene Domingo Calara, PhD

“Social Memory and Historical Awareness: The Philippine Scenario”Fernando A. Santiago, Jr., PhD

PANE l 2BWomen & History

Luna Room

“Looking for Women in the Street Names of Manila”Ma. Luisa T. Camagay, PhD

“Women in Philippine Education: The Career of Doña Victoria Lopez de Araneta” Wogie T. Pacala

“Philippine Women in Politics: From Equality to Supremacy”Jose Aims R. Rocina, Phd

PANE l 3BHistoriography

Luna Room“The Contribution of Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr. Towards Expanding the Ilocano Studies Horizon”Jose Victor D. Jimenez

“Teodoro M. Kalaw and Rafael Palma: The Two Pioneering Giants”Gian Paolo R. Mayo

“History by a Journalist: Epifanio de los Santos and His Contribution to Philippine Historiography”Glenn-Dale John C. Go

“The Contribution of Conrado F. Benitez and Maximo M. Kalaw to Philippine Historiography”Lloyd Christiane P. Rivera

2:00 - 3:00 p.m.

___3:00 - 4:15 p.m.


4:15 - 5:00 p.m. PR E SI DE N T IA L L E C T U R E Emmanuel F. Calairo, PhD president, philippine historical association

5:00 - 6:00 p.m. G E N E R A L AS SE M BLY A N D E L E C T ION OF T H E B OA R D F OR 2 0 1 8 - 2 0 2 0

_________

DAY 2 : 2 1 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 , F R I DAYGSIS Museo ng Sining, Pasay City

8:30 - 9:00 a.m. SE C ON D PL E NA RY SE S SION

“Telebisyon, Tambay, Talá: Kung Paano Tumatalakay ng Kasaysayan ang ‘History With Lourd’” Lourd De Verya tv5

______

PAR ALLEL SESSIONS

9:00 - 10:00 a.m.

PANEL 4AHistory & Contemporary Culture

Lower Gallery

“Unnamed [2017]: On Meditative Gameplay and its Potential in Public History”Dominique Angela M. Juntado

“Lai Chia Oh: Pagsipat sa Kasaysayan ng Pagkaing Tsinoy sa Filipinas at Pagtunghay sa Ambag Nito sa Kulturang Filipino”Christine Marie Lim Magpile

PANEL 4BFaith & History

Luna Room

“Faith Healing: A Single Perspective”Sherwin Toring

“Mga Pagbabago at Hamon na Kinakaharap ng mga Natatanging Tradisyong Pang-Mahal na Araw at Pang-Kapistahan ng mga Mananampalataya ng Matandang Bayan ng Polo”Danilo Acosta Lumabas


PANE l 5AHistory & Language

Lower Gallery“Words On the Wall: A Linguistic Diversity Library Campaign”Louise Ian T. De Los Reyes-Aquino

“Ang Konsepto ng Atay: Ang Kahalagahan ng Wika at ang Kaugnayan Nito sa Institusyong Pilipino”Ma. Dorothy A. Mananghaya

“Ang Kasaysayan ng Salitang Putang Ina”Gloria Esguerra Melencio

PANE l 6AArt, Culture & History

Lower Gallery“Propagating Philippine Love Songs: The Mabuhay Singers 1958-2016”Naomi M. Jemera

“Si Federico Estrada at ang Hulagway ng Mutya”Danim R. Majerano

“Pagmamapa sa mga Sining sa mga Pampublikong Espasyo sa PUP Tungo sa Pagdalumat ng Kasaysayang Panlipunan ng Unibersidad”Romeo P. Peña, PhD

PANE l 5BLocal Histories I

Luna Room“Tagataas: The Formation of the New Bilibid Prisons (NBP) Reservations as a Relational Community and Its Impact to the Socio-Economic Development of the City of Muntinlupa, 1940-2010”Michael Tabuyan, Lee Calimutan, and Brill Daupan

“Deconstructing the Sumpa of Mabalacat”Raymond John Vergara

“Ilog Agno Sa Pangasinan: Isang Panimulang Kasaysayang Pangkapaligiran, 1860-1875”Wesley June P. Inay

Panel 6BLocal Histories II

Luna Room“The Origins of the Toponym ‘Kidapawan’: A Re-Evaluation”Karlo Antonio G. David

“Toponymy, Local Folklore and Local History: A Preliminary Study of Place Names in Bataraza, Palawan”Michael Angelo A. Doblado

10:00 - 11:00 a.m.

___11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

12:00 - 1:00 p.m. LU NC H BR E A K / I N DU C T ION OF N E W M E M BE R S


PANE l 7AHealth Science & History

Lower Gallery“Cementerio de San Antonio Abad: Ang Konstruksiyon ng Sementeryong Parokyal para sa Ermita, San Fernando de Dilao at Malate bilang Tugon sa Epidemiyang Kolera sa Kamaynilaan, 1882-1884”Chen V. Ramos

“The History of the Bureau of Quarantine and Its Contributions to Philippine Public Health and Safety (1902-2017)”Richard Ryan C. Villegas, PhD

“Dean Worcester’s Battle Against Animal Contagions in the Philippines, 1900-1913”Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, PhD

PANE l 8AHistory & Museums I

Lower Gallery“Visual History Generation x Public History: The Experience of Project Saysay”Ian Christopher B. Alfonso

“Narratives Behind Glass: A Closer Look at the Ayala Museum Dioramas as Visual Public History”Jose Alain J. Austria

“Walking Into History: Public History and the Museums of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines”Eufemio O. Agbayani III

PANE l 7BLocal Histories III

Luna Room“Puunan: Discoursing Austronesian Concepts in Tausug Culture as Root-Causes of Natural and Social Phenomenon”Kamaruddin Bin Alawi Mohammad

“The Significance of Kirim in Maguing, Lanao Del Sur”Olomodin M. Mocsir

PANE l 8BEducation, Legislation & History

Luna Room“Ang Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Bagong Curriculum ng Elementarya at Tersyarya: Isang Pagsusuri”Kevin Paul “Ose” Martija

“Legislation on Indigenous Peoples at the House of Representatives in the 17th Congress, 2nd Regular Session”Jejomar G. Palma

“A Historical Review of the Legislation of the Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA) of 1992”Ma. Donna S. Rebong

1:00 - 2:00 p.m.

___2:00 - 3:00 p.m.


PANEL 9AHistory & Museums II

Lower Gallery

“Rediscovering Museo De La Salle Bacolod: A Documentation of Negros History and Cultural Heritage”Sheila Tamaño- Uy

“The Role of Aims Museo Maritimo in Raising Public Awareness on Philippine Maritime History”Jasper Christian L. Gambito

“The Museo Oblato: An Ecclesiastical Museum of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate in Midsayap, Cotabato”Michael June A. Guiloreza

“From Initiation to Immobilism: American Suppression of the Birth of Independent Philippine Foreign Policy from 1946-1965”Archie B. Resos, PhD

PANEL 9BPolitical History I

Luna Room

“The Filipino Tragedy”Virgilio C Leynes*

“Recognizing the Indispensable Role of the Freemasonry in the Foundation of the Filipino Nation”Teodoro Kalaw IV

“The Elites, Collaboration and the People’s Court”Elizar J. Zamora, PhD

* a.k.a. Macario A Capili and Basilio Ibabawan

“Winning Filipino Hearts and Minds: Filipino Nation-State Making During the Magsaysay Years, 1953 to 1957”Tristan Miguel Osteria, PhD

3:00 - 4:00 p.m.

___4:00 - 5:00 p.m.

PANEL 10Political History II

Lower Gallery

_________

DAY 3 : 2 2 S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 8 , S AT U R DAYNational Museum of Natural History, Ermita, Manila

9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. WA L K I NG L E C T U R E Michael Charleston “Xiao” B. Chua PhD (Cand.) de la salle university

note : Assembly place at the Rizal National Monument


KASAYSAYANG PANGMADLA: TOWARDS TELLING THE HISTORY OF PUBLIC HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES

MICHAEL CHARLESTON “XIAO” CHUADe La Salle University Manila

University of the Philippines Diliman

The term “Public History” had been used for quite some time and has been an established sub-discipline of history in America since the 1970s and academic books had been

published there articulating it. The seeming snub by some academic historians here in the work done by people who proliferate public history using the technology of a certain era made the proper articulation of it neglected for the longest time until very recently.

This is despite the fact that even before formal historiography had been practiced here, our first recorders of history were doing what we now call public history, deeply rooted in the ancient “babaylan” tradition, as practiced by people like del Pan, Ponce, de Veyra, delos Reyes, Rizal, Bonifacio, de los Santos and many more.

Although in the Filipino language, Public History is usually translated as “Pampublikong Kasaysayan,” it doesn’t caption the actual intention of public history. There are many publics (academics can be one public) but it is specifically geared to the common folk or people who wouldn’t usually read academic histories. So I propose to call it “Kasaysayang Pangmadla,” especially that “madla” is being used now by the TV networks for the “masa audience,” as in “madlang pipol.” With a clearer target audience and a Filipino context, “Kasaysayang Pangmadla” sets the tone of history-telling in a language and manner that the common folk understand.

MICHAEL CHARLESTON “XIAO” CHUA is an Assistant Professorial Lecturer at the DLSU History Department and Senior Lecturer at UP Department of Broadcast Communication; BA (2005) and MA history (2010) graduate and Ph.D. Anthropology candidate in UP Diliman. He is the co- author of the monograph, Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo. He was an original bottomliner in the Bottomline w/ Boy Abunda. Historical consultant of History with Lourd, teleseryes Ilustrado and Katipunan. The creator of Xiao Time television segment which is now an Abante Sunday column. He also writes a Saturday colum for the Manila Times. He is one of the most active historian in the Philippine media.


TELEBISYON, TAMBAY, TALÁ: KUNG PAANO TUMATALAKAY NG KASAYSAYAN ANG “HISTORY WITH LOURD

LOURD DE VEYRATV5

How does one take a historical issue and translate it to television? And not only that: how does one make it palatable to mainstream audiences without oversimplifying

important concepts or sacrificing factuality? Wait: to to begin with, where do we get footage and other visuals? When it seemed like everyone at the Sakay execution forgot to take videos or photographs? What are the limits to levity? And how does one do satire within acceptable parameters? Ultimately, how does one balance entertainment with education?

LOURD ERNEST HANOPOL DE VEYRA is a graduate of AB Journalism (Philippine Daily Inquirer Scholar) of the University of Santo Tomas. He Attended the UP and Siliman National Writers Workshops, wrote on culture and arts for several publications and was a junior associate for poetry of the UST Center for Creative Writing and Studies. He lectured on popular culture, journalism, and film criticism at De La Salle University Manila.

He has published nine books, some of these are three collections of poetry (Subterranean Thought Parade [1998], Shadowboxing in Headphones [2001], and Insectissimo [2011]); a novel, Superpanalo Sounds (2011); and a collection of essays from his Spot.ph blog, This is a Crazy Planets (2011). He has won four Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature as well as the Philippines Free Press Literary Award, and the first ever National Commission for Culture and the Arts Writers Prize. Two of his books have been finalists for the Manila Critics’ Circle and the NBDB’s National Book Awards.

He has fronted a spoken word-jazz-rock band, Radioactive Sago Project, which has released four full-length albums. In 2007 he was Producer of the Year in the NU 107 Rock Awards. Currently he plays guitar for the band Kapitan Kulam and co-hosts a weekly radio program for Radyo5. He currently anchors for TV5’s News and Public Affairs.


NASAAN ANG MADLA SA KASAYSAYANG PANGMADLA?:PANUNURI SA MGA REPRESENTASYON NG BUKLURAN AT TUNGGALIAN

SA MGA MEMORYAL AT MONUMENTONG PARANGAL SA KILUSANG ANTI-DIKTADURYA AT KAPANGYARIHANG BAYAN SA PILIPINAS

ATOY M. NAVARROThammasat University (Rangsit Campus)

Pathumthani, Thailand

Maaaring bigyang-kahulugan ang kasaysayang pangmadla bilang pakikipagtalastasan sa madla o taumbayan sa pagsasakasaysayan. Bukod pa sa pakikipagtalastasan sa

madla, sinasabing kasangkapan din ang kasaysayang pangmadla sa pagtatampok sa taumbayan sa kasaysayan.

Kaugnay nito, mahalagang itanong, nasaan ang madla sa kasaysayang pangmadla? Bilang halimbawa, sa mga memoryal at monumentong parangal sa kilusang anti-diktadurya at kapangyarihang bayan o people power sa Pilipinas, naitatampok ba talaga ang taumbayan? Maitatanong din, anong madla ang naitatampok sa kasaysayang pangmadla?

Sa artikulong ito, ipapakitang mga pook para sa mga representasyon ng bukluran at tunggalian ng masalimuot na taumbayan ang mga memoryal at monumentong parangal sa kilusang anti-diktadurya at kapangyarihang bayan. Sa mga memoryal at monumentong parangal na ito, may bahagi ng madla na isinagitna pero may bahagi rin nitong isinagilid.

Para sa pag-aaral na ito, papaksain ang 20 memoryal at monumento sa Kalakhang Maynila. Sa pagtalakay sa mga memoryal at monumento, ipapangkat ang mga ito sa tatlong pangunahing grupo: (1) Kinilalang Bayani, Martir, at Lider: Aquino, Javier, Roces, Laurel, at Sin; (2) Makapangyarihang Bloke: Negosyo, Militar, at Simbahan; at (3) Hindi Kilalang Bayani, Martir, at Lider: Mga Kinatawan ng Isinagilid na Taumbayan. Tatalakayin ang mga memoryal at monumentong ito batay sa panunuring tekstwal, kontekstwal, intertekswal, at sabtekswal na magsisiyasat sa bukluran at tunggalian ng masalimuot na madla na marapat lamang itampok sa anumang pagpupunyagi para sa kasaysayang pangmadla.

Si ATOY M. NAVARRO ay kasalukuyan siyang Research Fellow ng Forum for Ethical Review Committees in Asia and the Pacific (FERCAP), Lecturer/Mentor ng Faculty of Dentistry sa Mahidol University (MU) Bangkok, Thailand, at Graduate Student ng Ph.D. Bioclinical Sciences (Drug Research and Development) sa Thammasat University (TU) Rangsit Campus, Thailand. Nagtapos siya ng Bachelor of Arts in History, cum laude sa University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman at Diploma in Product Research and Development for Public Health Needs sa Nagasaki University (NU) Sakamoto Campus, Japan. Nakapagturo na rin siya sa UP Los Baños, UP Diliman, UP Open University, MAPUA-Makati, UP Manila, TU Rangsit, at MU Bangkok. Nakapaglathala na siya ng mahigit sa 20 libro, jornal, at monograp at mahigit sa 150 artikulo. Tumanggap na rin siya ng iba’t ibang gawad at parangal sa loob at labas ng Pilipinas.


WEAPONIZING HISTORY IN THE PUBLIC ARENA: APPROPRIATION OF THE PAST BY PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE

MICHAEL CHARLESTON “XIAO” B. CHUA ANDVICENTE ANGEL “VAN” S. YBIERNAS

Dulowtard History Live Facebook Page

This presentation will look into how history and historiography has been weaved in the public discourse of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, especially in his public speeches.

Duterte, this presentation will argue, has manifested an uncontrollable urge to summon historical events ---or at least, his version of these--- in support of his rhetoric concerning public policy. He has, for instance, marshalled historical events like the infamous Battle of Bud Dajo in Jolo and the controversial Balangiga Bells, now located in Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and at an American military facility in South Korea, as an integral part of his rhetoric concerning Philippines-United States relations.

Duterte is by no means the only Philippine president to have ever weaponized history or used their own version of history as a key ingredient in their rhetoric. The two Aquino presidents ---Corazon and Benigno Simeon III--- have also shown an equal or greater proclivity for the incorporation of their version of history into their rhetoric in the public sphere. Moreover, this is not a phenomenon peculiar only to the Philippines. Countries all over the world have shown a penchant for weaponizing history.

Thus in this presentation, the presenters will seek to detail how President Duterte mobilized history for his rhetoric, and more importantly, contemplate on what this means for the discipline of history for Filipinos and the Philippines.

I am currently an Assistant Professorial Lecturer at the Department of History, De La Salle University-Manila. I finished my Master of Political Science (MPS) major in International Relations degree at the Catholic University of Korea in Bucheon, South Korea and Bachelor of Arts major in History degree from the University of the Philippines-Diliman. My areas of research interest are: Philippine economic history, with emphasis on the American colonial period; United States and Philippines security relations; the Mindanao secessionist conflict; migrant workers in South Korea; South Korean public policy on foreign immigration; the conflict in the Korean peninsula; state and business relations in South Korea.


PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE HISTORY: CASES, ISSUES, AND CHALLENGES

ADONIS ELUMBREUniversity of the Philippines Baguio

The paper looks at the deployment of public diplomacy in contemporary Philippines history. Public diplomacy, sharing almost the same principles as public history, aims to

activate communication and democratize participation between traditional sources of power and the public. While the term is said to have come from the American diplomat Edmund Gullion in 1965, its roots stretches to as early as the 19th century and continues to gain currency especially in the present time. The transtemporality of the idea implies the variety of ways through which the public is involved in diplomacy, which contrasts with the more conventional view that diplomacy is merely the enactment of bilateral and multilateral relations between and among nation-states.

The paper specifically seeks to map out discursive and diplomatic public networks in recent time, locating in the process the emergent issues and challenges in the conduct of foreign policy-making at specific junctures of history from the beginning of the Third Republic onwards. Particular nodal points shall be extracted as cases from available primary and secondary sources and shall be narrated according to perspectives drawn from the literature on public diplomacy. This also affirms the value of public history in the common recourse of these two fields to integrate popular knowledge in understanding the dynamics of social relations in time and space.

ADONIS ELUMBRE is currently an Assistant Professor of History and the Chair of the Department of History and Philosophy at the College of Social Sciences in the University of the Philippines (UP) Baguio. He teaches history, social sciences, and development studies. He obtained his masters in ASEAN (Southeast Asian) Studies from the Asia-Europe Institute of Universiti Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and his undergraduate degree in History from UP Diliman. He also taught at UP Los Baños and served placement at the External Relations Division of the ASEAN Secretariat in Jakarta, Indonesia. His areas of interest are political economy, historiography, intellectual and international/diplomatic histories, and Southeast Asian Studies.


THE EFFECTS OF MIGRATION TO THEDEMOGRAPHY OF MINDANAO (1903-2018)

SHANE PATRICK G. SORDILLAMindanao State University-Maguindanao

Mindanao has been called the “Land of Promise” for quite some time. It is the 2nd biggest island in the Philippines and home to ethnic Muslims and indigenous peoples. And

contrary to its moniker, it is also called by many as the land of unfulfilled promise. To clarify the statements mentioned above, let as ask a question, why was Mindanao called the “Land of Promise”? In an essay written by Mark Turner and Lulu Respall Turner as an introduction to a book they’re editing, they noted that the dominant image of Mindanao has been that of a “land of promise”. They continued by stating that Mindanao is the place where the dreams of the poor Filipino can be fulfilled. It is clear from their work that the promise to whom Mindanao was called was solely for the settlers. Despite the fact that there’s the presence of Muslims and Indigenous tribes that inhabit the area, this image projected by the migrants persisted. Perhaps, this is because they became the dominant people in Mindanao. However, even with the abundance of the natural wealth that includes vast agricultural lands, huge mineral deposits, extensive forest and teeming fisheries, the settlers’ dreams have remained unfulfilled with millions living in conditions of poverty, insecurity and deprivation. It is the goal of the study to trace the patterns of migration that affected the demography of Mindanao by using population statistics, field interviews, and other primary and secondary sources that covers 115 years.

SHANE PATRICK G. SORDILLA is an Instructor at the Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Mindanao State University-Maguindanao where he has handled History 1 (Philippine History and Institutions) and History 5 (Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal). A graduate of AB History from Mindanao State University-Marawi, he is also currently finishing his Master’s degree in History at the same institution and majors in Mindanao Studies. His research interest includes Mindanao History, Cross-Border History between the Philippines and Indonesia, and Diplomatic History.


ILONGGO MIGRATION AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS IN KIDAPAWAN, NORTH COTABATO 1948-2015

CHRISTIAN JAY G. JARABESt. John Paul II College of Davao

In the course of migration studies, this paper tells a story of the struggles and the achievements of the Ilonggos exploring on their migration particularly from their life

back in Iloilo on how they were affected by the Second World War, their living during the post-war period, the precursor towards migration, the condition of Kidapawan before the coming of the Ilonggos, the arrival in Kidapawan and their adjustments and challenges, the reception and responses of the migrants, to their socio-economic contributions in Kidapawan specifically in ONICA.

The Ilonggos migrated in Kidapawan to search for a greener pasture. They were succumbed by the eventual experiences before and after the Second World War. Prior to the occurrence of the war, farmlands were transformed into plantations which evidently affected their living since they only produce other crops scantly for their consumption. It was triggered right after the Second World War which greatly devastated the island of Iloilo and affected their livelihood which could not satisfy already their needs for their everyday living. Consequently, they perceived to migrate in Mindanao to escape from the meager life in Iloilo. Coupled by the influences of their early relative who settled already in the neighboring places of Kidapawan, thereupon, they migrated and thus contributed to the socio-economic aspect in terms of agriculture and business, political contributions and the involvement in the creation of ONICA, and employment and services.

Thus, this study concluded that the Ilonggo migration played a pivotal role in the history of Kidapawan specifically in the creation of ONICA.

CHRISTIAN JAY G. JARABE is a graduate of Bachelor of Arts in History from Mindanao State University, Main Campus. He is currently continuing his Master of Arts in History Major in Mindanao Studies at the same institution. He worked as a college instructor for one year S.Y 2016 to 2017 teaching social science subjects at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City. He is now currently connected at St. John Paul II College of Davao. His research interest is about the enrichment of Mindanao history in all aspects.


UNDERSTANDING PIONEER AKLANON (1965-1973) OF AKLAN VILLAGE, DIFFUN, QUIRINO: A BASIS FOR LOCAL HISTORY

HARRIS T. IGNACIOPhilippine Normal University North Luzon Campus

The study sought to write a local history of settlement, focused on the Aklanon pioneers’ settlement of Aklan Village, Diffun, Quirino from 1965 to 1973. It looked into the pioneers’ economic motives for

migration, expressed in terms of aspirations for land and education, the influence of such aspirations on the migration-decision process, and the extent to which aspirations for land and education were achieved in the village during the period.

The study utilized most primary data and key informant data using oral history as the chief methodology. The latter were gathered from the interview of five informants, who were children of the pioneers, using a fifty-point questionnaire that inquires on the pioneers’ quality of life in the province of Aklan (Visayas), focused in their aspirations for migration, and on the pioneers’ attempts at achieving their aspiration for migration in barangay Aklan Village, Diffun, Quirino, focused on homesteading and education. It was written using the historical-descriptive method, guided by William Petersen’s Innovating Migration Theory, which hypothesizes that aspirations for a better quality of life caused the migration-decision of the pioneers and the settlement is innovating if it leads to something new on the lives of the migrants.

The study showed that the pioneers’ twin aspiration for land to own and cultivate and the education of their children influenced the migration-decision process. The possibility of achieving these aspirations in Aklan Village, Diffun Quirino from 1965 to 1973 enabled the pioneers to overcome impediments to migration. The pioneers tried to achieve their aspirations for land through homesteading, which involved land acquisition, land development, and land titling. All the fruits and income out of cultivating the land were enjoyed by the residents. However, the desire to title the land remains a dream until today since the territory occupying barangay Aklan Village is a public land, and not for public disposal. The pioneers tried to achieve their aspirations for education by constructing an elementary school inside the village, requesting more classrooms to be built and more teachers to accommodate increasing learners, and sending their school-aged children to secondary and tertiary education outside Aklan Village. Today, the grandchildren of the pioneers is emerging as an educated group, who are working in different parts of Cagayan Valley, Baguio City, Metro Manila and even abroad, particularly west Asia and the United States of America.

The pioneers achieved their aspiration for land in the village in so far as the right to cultivate or “posisyon” is concerned, but did not succeed in land titling to claim complete ownership. While the pioneers did not complete elementary education, they, nonetheless, succeeded in trying to provide their children basic education and their grand children even tertiary education.

Aklanon migration has positive implications to local development: It facilitated the founding of barangay Aklan Village as a separate political unit and contributed to rural economic welfare and development. Since the Aklanon pioneers experience better quality of life in the migration destination than in their places of origin, the migration was deemed successful. Where the Aklanon pioneers become more improved economically, it is noteworthy that good education was a requirement for moving up in a higher economic stratum in the society. Thus, education served an effective driving force for improving the socio-economic condition and social mobility of the Aklanons in Aklan Village of Diffun.

The study concludes that the aspirations for a better quality of life, characterized by a right for a land to cultivate and good education of their children and grand children, made the Aklanon pioneers decide to settle Aklan Village, Diffun, Quirino from 1965 to 1973.


LEVELS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL AWARENESS OF PEOPLE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF SOUTHEAST ASIA:

A COMPARATIVE STUDY

ISABEL ANNESLEY S. ABAO, PHDUniversity of Santo Tomas

So much has been written about history and culture, beliefs and practices. However, the people’s awareness of their country’s history has been written superficially and

systematically focused more on the sad experiences they encountered in the past without giving credence to the positive development that happened and is happening at present. It is in this premise that this study was undertaken in the selected countries in Southeast Asian, namely Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam who are constantly in battle, if not with their previous colonizers, but among their people forgetting consciously and unconsciously their history as a people and as a nation. Such that a quantitative study on the level of historical and cultural awareness focusing on similarities and differences was conducted to the total of 100 people in the said countries with the used of Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Anova to determine the results of the following variables; awareness of the common beliefs and practices, settlement patterns, early settlers, geographical location, and features, resources, legends and myths, family, community, religion, educational system, including its politics and governance. Having these features as the focal point, the study, would be relevant to the plan of the Association of Southeast Asian to create one region like the European Union. The study yielded the following result that as regard to value orientation, religion and political structure the selected countries are comparable, but based on value and political structures, a significant difference existed. The findings implied that to trace and revive the history of one’s country is both a social and moral obligation of its people and that a comparative insight on the level of awareness of a people’s historical and cultural heritage helps see connections between different events and show how actions lead on to another.

ISABEL ANNESLEY S. ABAO is a graduate of Doctor of Philosophy major in Southeast Asian Studies at Centro Escolar University, M. A. in Education major in Social Studies at Bulacan State University, and BSE major in Social Science at Philippine Normal University. He is Assistant Professor II at the University of Santo Tomas and previously Bulacan Director of the Center for Bulacan Studies, Bulacan State University and High School Teacher at Holy Spirit Academy of Malolos.


LINKING ACADEMIC AND PUBLIC HISTORY:THE ATENEO SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LABORATORY

OLIVIA ANNE M. HABANA, PH.D. Ateneo de Manila University

The Ateneo Social and Cultural Laboratory (ASCL) is a trans-disciplinal course run by the Departments of Sociology and Anthropology, History and Fine Arts of the Ateneo

de Manila University. It brings together academic research, cultural heritage, education and tourism. University students and local communities work together to increase the tourism potential of areas in ways that prioritize the local history, culture and traditions. The ASCL can thus serve as a template to bridge the gap between academic history and public history.

The ASCL immerses students in history and social science research through involvement in local communities. It also seeks to involve local inhabitants in the process of cultural heritage conservation, historical awareness and marketing of local products. So far, the Cultural Lab has been conducted yearly from 2009 to 2017. The paper will focus on the last 3 years: (2014), Puerto Princesa, Palawan (2015), Bacolod, Negros Occidental (2016) and Vigan, Ilocos Sur (2017). The students do research under close supervision by faculty and other experts. In turn, the outputs directly address developmental and planning needs of the communities under study. The cultural laboratory shows the students the connection between research and application; between academic and public history.

The paper will relate the conduct of the cultural laboratory and its tourism-related output such as tour scripts, documentation of infrastructure and buildings and development of marketing plans for traditional products. Communities are enabled to take on the roles of actively preserving and presenting their local traditions and culture on the world tourism stage. The Ateneo Social Cultural Laboratory can be used to demonstrate the links between social science and history research, public history, and tourism and commercial potential of local communities.

OLIVIA ANNE M. HABANA, PH.D. is an Assistant Professor at the Department of History, School of Social Sciences, at the Ateneo de Manila University. She finished her Ph.D. in Philippine Studies at the University of the Philippines in 2009. She has co-authored a series of textbooks in English and Filipino on Philippine, Asian and World History for the High School Level (Lupang Hinirang( 2000, 2003), Asia: History, Civilization and Culture (2007), and World History for Filipinos (2011), and Our Beloved Country (2012). Other recent publications include “American Schoolbooks in Philippine Classrooms, 1900-1912”in Huck, Christian, Bauerschmidt, Stefan (eds.) (2012). Travelling Goods/Travelling Moods: Varieties of Cultural Appropriation, 1850-1950. Frankfurt am Mein: Campus Verlag Gmbh. (2012) and Rebuilding Democracy: The Ateneo de Manila University in the 1980’s (2010). Current research interests are the history of colonial childhood and the history of education in the Philippines. She is also active in Cultural Heritage Preservation Studies and is part of the research consortium called the Ateneo Cultural Laboratory, which gives students hands-on experience as historical and cultural researchers, while also contributing to the tourism marketing and cultural preservation needs of selected communities.


TIKAS-PAMANA: ANG CAVITE STUDIES CENTER (CSC) BILANG TAGAPANGALAGA NG KASAYSAYAN AT KULTURA NG CAVITE

PALMO R. IYA, PHDCavite Studies Center

De La Salle University-Dasmariñas

Isa sa masasabing “blessing in disguise” na kaganapan sa panahon ng Administrasyong Marcos (1965-1986) ay ang paglitaw ng mga regional historical research centers sa

Pilipinas. Tinatawag ding local studies centers, ang pagtatatag ng mga sentrong ito ay reaksyon at kritisismo sa namayaning “Manila-centric” na pagsusulat ng pambansang kasaysayan. Sa mga unibersidad, naitatag ang iba’t ibang local studies centers na nagsusulong sa kasaysayang lokal sa pamamagitan ng pananaliksik, pagtatayo ng mga aklatan ng kasaysayan at kulturang lokal, paglalathala ng mga aklat, pahayagan, dyornal, magasin, at iba pang babasahing materyal. Kaakibat ng mga gawaing ito ang mapreserba, maitanyag, at maikalat ang kasaysayang lokal at mga pamanang kultural hindi lamang sa antas panlalawigan o panrehiyon, kundi maging sa pambansang lebel.

Layunin ng saliksik na maipakilala ang Cavite Studies Center (CSC) ng De La Salle University-Dasmariñas (DLSU-D) bilang isa sa mga local studies centers sa Pilipinas at ang kanyang ginagampanang papel bilang “tagapangalaga” at “tagasulong” ng pamanang lokal partikular na sa kasaysayan at kultura ng mga Caviteño. Tanging itatampok sa papel ang apat (4) na pangunahing gampanin ng CSC sa larangan ng: 1. aklatang koleksyon, 2. pananaliksik at publikasyon, 3. mga ugnayan at ekstensyon, at 4. paglilingkod sa pamayanan. Lilinawin din kung paano at bakit napanatili at napatatag ng CSC ang kanyang mga programa at gawain bilang isang local studies center sa loob at labas ng DLSU-D. Samakatuwid, makatutulong ang karanasang ito ng CSC hindi lamang sa mga institusyong pang-edukasyon kundi maging sa mga yunit ng lokal na pamahalaan na nagnanais magtatag, mangasiwa, at magtaguyod ng mga local studies o heritage centers sa kani-kanilang lokalidad.

Si DR. PALMO IYA Kasalukuyang direktor ng Cavite Studies Center at propesor ng Kasaysayan sa De La Salle University-Dasmariñas (DLSU-D), isa sa mga Board of Directors ng Cavite Historical Society, Inc., at kasalukuyang Pangalawang Pangulo ng Kapisanan ng mga Bahay-Saliksikan sa Bansa (KABANSA), Inc. Nagtapos siya ng BSE Social Science at Graduate Diploma in Teaching History sa Philippine Normal University at ng PhD History sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman. Nakapagsulat ng mga artikulo sa mga reperidong dyornal gaya ng Journal of Humanities ng DLSU-D (2009) at Philippine Association for the Sociology of Religion (PASR) Journal (2016). Kasamang may-akda at patnugot ng Pamanang Lokal: Essays on Local Heritage Preservation at kasamang patnugot din ng Photographing Revolutionary Cavite: The Colonial Representation, 1896 – 1899 (2016). Pinarangalan bilang “Faculty of the Year 2013” ng DLSU-D Faculty Association, Inc. at “Most Outstanding CLAC Faculty” ng College of Liberal Arts and Communication (CLAC) noong taong 2013. Ginawaran siya ng “The Geronimo Berenguer de los Reyes, Jr. Distinguished Professorial Chair in Cavite and Philippine History” ng kanyang pinaglilingkurang pamantasan noong taong 2014. Ang kanyang interes ay patungkol sa mga kilusang panlipunan at panrelihiyon.


LOOKING FOR WOMEN IN THE STREET NAMES OF MANILA

MA. LUISA T. CAMAGAY, PHDUniversity of the Philippines Diliman

This paper aims to show how women are not only marginalized in the writing of history but also in the naming of public space such streets, bridges or plazas. It aims to document

the number of women in Philippine history who have been honored by having a street named after them in the city of Manila. An initial perusal of the list of streets in Manila shows that there are just a handful of women who figured in the list. An analysis shall be made of the identities of these women and some inferences shall be made regarding their being immortalized in streets being named after them. The paper and shall end with conclusions about interfacing women’s history and public history.

DR. MARIA LUISA T. CAMAGAY is a Professor Emeritues of the University of the Philippines Diliman History Department. She is the current editor-in-chief of the Historical Bulletin, the journal of the Philippine Historical Asscociation. She was also the former director of the University of the Philippines Press and former member of the National Committee on Historical Research of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.


WOMEN IN PHILIPPINE EDUCATION:THE CAREER OF DOÑA VICTORIA LOPEZ DE ARANETA

WOGIE TABU-PACALA

When it comes to women and higher education, one can easily remember the Benitez family and the Philippine Women’s University. However, in a men-dominated

industry of agriculture and technology, there’s a woman who rose upon their ranks. The Gregorio Araneta University Foundation (formerly Araneta Institute of Agriculture; present-day De La Salle-Araneta University) and the Far Eastern Air Transport Inc (FEATI University; formerly Far Eastern Aeronautics School), were excelling in their fields in agricultural science and technological-maritime sciences, respectively. There was a time that a woman, a mother, Doña Victoria Lopez de Araneta, headed these schools simultaneously for two years, and later, served as its “Grand Matriarch.” This study will focus on the career of Mrs. Araneta serving as a leader, and a mother of these two pioneering institutions in the Philippines.

WOGIE T. PACALA was an alumnus of Bachelor of Arts in History at the Faculty of Arts and Letters of the University of Santo Tomas. He was part of the fourth batch (Batch 2018) of the said course, serving as the Class President on one of its two sections. His undergraduate thesis was entitled, “The Impossible Dream? Philippine Federalism from 1971 to 2010.” A fresh graduate, he still pursuing researches pertaining to political history, and still continue on reading widely in various topics in the discipline and other related fields.


PHILIPPINE WOMEN IN POLITICS: FROM EQUALITY TO SUPREMACY

JOSE AIMS R. ROCINA, PHDDe La Salle University Dasmariñas

This paper seeks to trace the history and development of women in Philippine politics. It tends to establish that the Filipina of today has come a long way in her struggle for

equality with men particularly in politics. It operates under the theory that the women of today are no longer seeking equality but supremacy considering that indeed, the country already had two women presidents. Various high government positions are also occupied by women.

The Commonwealth Period for example, was a special one for Filipino women as it was during this time that the right to vote or women’s suffrage was granted to them. Such a victory however, was not achieved without a price as before the granting of such right, many women exerted a lot of effort to make known their desire for such exercise.

Due to this joyous occasion, the Commonwealth Era will always be remembered by Filipinas as a period where they achieved what was rightfully theirs, the right to vote and will also with endearment fondly remember the efforts of thousands of women who toiled for such privilege.

Today however, women have become movers in the field of politics with such fiery political figures as the late Senator Merriam Santiago, former Supreme Court Justice Sereno and former DOJ Secretary Leila De Lima having a heyday in their respective fields of endeavor during their time in office.

JOSE AIMS R. ROCINA is a consistent honor student in elementary (CSR) and high school (CST-R). He studied Philosophy at Recoletos de Baguio and in 1989, at the University of San Carlos. He earned his Bachelor of Arts Major in Political Science (Dean’s List ) at the University of San Jose-Recoletos in 1991, his Master of Arts ( Magna cum Laude) also in Political Science at the University of Santo Tomas in 1999 and his Bachelor of Laws (JURIS member) at San Sebastian College-Recoletos in 2002. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Santo Tomas (2013).

A Fund Assistance for Private Education (FAPE) Scholar in thesis (MA) and dissertation (PhD) and also a Presidential Scholar at the University of the Philippines, he also took education units at De la Salle University-Dasmarinas where he is currently a Full Professor in the College of Liberal Arts, Social Sciences Department, Political Science Section. In 2018, he claimed the DLSU-D Outstanding Faculty Award. Before his tenure at DLSU-D, the author previously taught at New Era University, Centro Escolar University, ABE International College-Legarda and Far Eastern University. While teaching at FEU, he was recognized for academic teaching excellence. He was also a member of numerous organizations, namely: Catholic Teacher’s Guild of the Philippines, Just Union of Responsible and Independent Students, Knights of Rizal, International Relations Forum, Reading Association of the Philippines, Philippine National Historical Society, Philippine E-learning Society and the Southeast Asia Association for International Research, to name a few.

He has already published articles in national magazines such as Women’s Home Companion, Sports Flash and Newsbytes and academic journals e.g. Scopus-indexed while also being a co-author on a book about Dr. Jose Rizal. As a resource speaker, he has delivered papers in both local and international fora. He was part of a book project commissioned by the National University of Australia and De la Salle University to study the role of patronage and clientelism in Philippine politics and was also a trainer (Economics) for Grade 4 teachers in the K-12 program of the Department of Education held in Baguio City. The author was a recipient of the USA STRIDE sponsored seminar on Patents held in the science city of Munoz, Nueva Ecija. Likewise, JAR Rocina is a licensed Real Estate Broker (2014) and a LET passer (2015). An English tutor, certified chess arbiter, organizer and trainer; he is also a member of the reviewers’ board of the Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences.


PAGSIPAT SA MGA KONSEPTONG PANGKASAYSAYAN

MULA SA LABAS NG AKADEMYA

WENSLEY M. REYES AT

NIKOLEE MARIE A. SERAFICO-REYES

Philippine Normal University

Ang papel na ito ay isang pagtatangka upang masipat ang kaalaman sa mga konseptong

pangkasaysayan mula sa karaniwang tao sa labas ng akademya. Madalas mabanggit na

walang interes ang simpleng tao sa kasaysayan at dahil dito maaaring tignan ang pinagmumulan

ng ganitong uri ng persepsyon. Malaking hamon ito sa mga nagtuturo ng kasaysayan, hindi

lamang sa loob ng paaralan kundi maging sa labas ng silid-aralan. Dahil malawak ang saklaw

ng pagtuturo ng kasaysayan na kabilang ang edukasyong pangmadla, nararapat lamang na

bigyang tuon ang mga konsepto at pagkakaunawa ng isang ordinaryong tao sa mga kaisipang

pangkasaysayan.

Kapaloob ang pananaliksik na ito sa kwalitatibong kaparaanan. Bilang metodolohiya,

gumamit ito mga kasangkapan at pamamaraan gaya ng sarbey (survey) at panayam upang

likumin ang persepsyon sa kasaysayan. Gayundin, ginamitan ng coding at pagpapangkat ng

mga lumitaw na tema kaugnay ng persepsyon sa mga konseptong pangkasaysayan ang pag-

aanalisa ng mga datos. Sa pamamagitan nito mapapalitaw ang mga ideya at konsepto kaugnay

sa pag-unawang pangkasaysayan.

Para sa mga nagtuturo ng asignaturang kasaysayan, makakatulong ang panimulang

pananaliksik na ito upang mabatid ang kaisipan ng karaniwang tao sa mga konseptong

pangkasaysayan. Ang mga persepsyong nakalap ay maaaring gamitin sa pagpaplano ng

estratehiya at metodo sa pagtuturong pangmadla. Matutukoy din nito ang kalakasan at

kahinaan ng kasalukuyang edukasyong pangkasaysayan. Bukod sa nilalaman (content) ng

mga asignaturang pangkasaysayan, mahalagang maunawaan ang ‘sipat’ sa kasaysayan ng

madla upang ang bawat pagtatangka upang ituro ang kasaysayan ay magiging makabuluhan at

kapaki-pakinabang.

Si WENSLEY M. REYES ay isang lisensyadong guro at katuwang na propesor sa Pamantasang Normal ng

Pilipinas (Philippine Normal University). Nagtapos ng BA at MA History sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Diliman.

Dating katuwang na dekano ng Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, PNU. Kasalukuyang nagtatapos ng

Doktor Pendidikan Ilmu Pengtauhan Sosial (Doctorate in Social Science Education) sa ilalim ng isang scholarship program sa Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Si NIKOLEE MARIE A. SERAFICO-REYES ay isang lisensyadong guro at nagtuturo sa Pamantasang

Normal ng Pilipinas- Linangan ng Pagtuturo at Pagkatuto. Nagtapos ng kursong Bachelor in Secondary Education major in Social Studies, magna cum laude, sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Diliman. Nagkamit ng Masterado sa

Kasaysayan mula sa Pamantasang De La Salle, Maynila. Kasalukuyang nagtatapos ng Doktor Pendidikan Ilmu Pengtauhan Sosial (Doctorate in Social Science Education) sa ilalim ng isang scholarship program sa Universitas

Pendidikan Indonesia. Nakapagturo na rin siya ng asignaturang Araling Panlipunan sa sekundaryang paaralan.


PAGSASABUHAY SA NAKARAAN: ANG PAGGAMIT NG TEKNOLOHIYA SA PAG-AARAL NG BABASAHIN HINGGIL SA KASAYSAYAN GAMIT ANG

PELIKULANG “GOYO: ANG BATANG HENERAL”

ARLENE DOMINGO CALARA, PHDUniversity of Santo Tomas

Batay sa Deskripsyon ng Kurso sa Silabus ng Babasahin Hinggil sa Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, pag aaralan ang Kasaysayan gamit ang mga primaryang batis mula sa iba’t

ibang panahon. Ang bagong kurso ay isang hamon at pagkakataon upang magkaroon ng malawak na kaalaman sa Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa pamamagitan ng pagsusuri ng mga batis na magiging daan upang matutunan ang iba’t ibang bahagi ng kasaysayan sa pananaw ng mga saksi.

Bagamat primaryang batis ang pangunahing gamit sa pag-aaral ng nasabing bagong kurso, may mahalagang papel rin ang paggamit ng teknolohiya tulad ng panonood ng bidyo, pelikula sa pagtuturo ng kasaysayan. Mailalarawan itong isang paraan para makuha ang interes ng mga mag-aaral. Nakakatulong ang pagpapalabas ng mga bidyo sa talakayan upang maipakita ang mga nakaraang kaganapan. Isang magandang pagkakataon ito upang matalakay sa klase ang mga napanood sa bidyo at mabigyan ng pagkakataon ang mga mag-aaral magtanong o magbigay ng reaksyon.

Gamit ang mga primaryang batis kaugnay kay Gregorio del Pilar at Labanan sa Tirad Pass, kabilang dito ang mga ulat ng mga American War Correspondents, at ilan pang mga saksi, maipapakita ang pagsusuri, argumento, iba’t ibang pananaw, ebalwasyon ng naturang paksa. Maipapakita kung paano magagamit ang pelikulang Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral sa pagpapayaman ng kaalaman sa kasaysayan

Si DR. ARLENE D. CALARA ay nagtapos ng primarya, sekondarya at kursong Edukasyon, Major sa Kasaysayan si Arlene Domingo-Calara (Cum Laude) sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas. Ang kanyang MA at PHD in History ay mula naman sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Diliman. Humawak sya ng ibat ibang tungkulin sa Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas kabilang ang pagiging Community Site Coordinator, e-Learning Access Program Coordinator, Distance Education Program Coordinator, Department of Social Sciences Chair, Office of Student Affairs Director at madami pang iba. Nagsilbi din syang content expert ng Pearl of the Orient Sea (multimedia educational cd) at developer ng mga online courses kabilang ang Rizal Course at Philippine History.


SOCIAL MEMORY AND HISTORICAL AWARENESS:THE PHILIPPINE SCENARIO

FERNANDO A. SANTIAGO, JR., PHDDe La Salle University

Public History is a growing field in the Philippines. To understand this phenomenon, it is important to recognize its characteristics, particularly those that distinguish it from

academic history. One of these characteristics is its rootedness in social memory, while academic history is rooted in historical awareness. The present study shall explain the difference between social memory and historical awareness, and then discuss the implications of this fundamental difference to the application of both approaches to the study of the past in the Philippine setting. The study shall then explain the role of public, academic and public/academic historians. It will also address the issue of historical interpretation, re-interpretation and revisionism.

FERNANDO A. SANTIAGO, JR., PHD, received his Bachelor of Arts in History and Master of Arts in History (with High Distinction) from De La Salle University-Manila. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy in History from the University of the Philippines-Diliman. He is a faculty member of the De La Salle University (DLSU) Department of History, where has served in the capacities of Vice-Chairman and Officer-in-Charge. At present, he is the OIC, Assistant Dean for Research and Advanced Studies of the DLSU College of Liberal Arts.He is the Vice-President and Executive Director of the Philippine Historical Association (PHA), a member of the Social Science Research Ethics Board (SSREB) of the Philippine Social Science Council (PSSC), and a member of the Advisory Committee of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP). His research interests include Agricultural/Rural History, Ethno History, Local History, Oral History and Biographies. He has presented extensively in local and international conferences. His research have been published in peer-reviewed journals.


THE CONTRIBUTION OF DR. MARCELINO A. FORONDA, JR. TOWARDS EXPANDING THE ILOCANO STUDIES HORIZON

JOSE VICTOR D. JIMENEZDe La Salle University

An eminent cultural historian whose productive career spanned almost five decades, Dr. Marcelino A. Foronda, Jr., Professor Emeritus of History at the De La Salle University-

Manila, vigorously advocated the writing of local history, which he believed was essential in writing a comprehensive national history. Educated at the University of Santo Tomas and the Universidad de Salamanca, Spain, Dr. Foronda endeavored to preserve the history and culture of the Ilocanos. Commencing his research on Ilocos and the acquisition of Ilocano works when he was at the Vigan Seminary in 1941, the Ilocano scholar sustained his keen interest in Ilocano studies and continued his research and writing on Ilocos in archives here and in the subsequent decades. However, there exists no study that delves into his writings on the history and culture of the Ilocanos. This paper thus aims at assessing his contribution towards expanding the Ilocano studies horizon. Adopting a postmodernist perspective, this writer maintains that Dr. Foronda’s works had postmodern overtones, emphasizing the importance of local history writing in fostering love of nation and understanding and appreciating the Filipino culture. After exploring the scope, significance, methodology and sources of local history as maybe gleaned from his works, the writer examines his pioneering historical studies on matters pertinent to literature, religion, education, immigration and cultural influences in Vigan. For all intents and purposes, the study limits itself to those works which were written in the English language. The writer employs the historical method, that is, the descriptive-narrative-analytical method.

JOSE VICTOR D. JIMENEZ, an Assistant Professor, is former Vice-Chair of the Department of History at De La Salle University, where he has been teaching for over three decades. Mr. Jimenez holds an A.B. History from De La Salle University and M.A. History from the University of Santo Tomas. He is currently reading for a doctorate in the same discipline at the Pontifical University. He is a member of the Pi Gamma Mu, International Honor Society in Social Sciences, Philippines Beta Chapter, and a lifetime member of the Philippine National Historical Society (PNHS), Manila Studies Association (MSA), Philippine Historical Association (PHA), and American Studies Association of the Philippines (ASAP). He has served as an evaluator of textbooks and research projects. He has published in refereed academic journals and read papers in national and international conferences.


TEODORO M. KALAW AND RAFAEL PALMA –THE TWO PIONEERING GIANTS

GIAN PAOLO R. MAYO University of Santo Tomas

Premised on the special role of academic and public history in shaping the nation, this paper will discuss about the forgotten pioneers of Philippine history. It will focus on

the said two giants of pioneers, Teodoro M. Kalaw and Rafael Palma. Both intellectuals are part of the Ilustrado class, who played a very important role in the Revolution. During the American Period, Kalaw and Palma, both influential in their respective provinces, became part of the Philippine Assembly. Kalaw and Palma’s new positions in political arena propelled to new heights of power and influence. This new responsibility enabled them to influence the affairs of the Philippine Islands in different ways. The two statesmen held other positions in the government as their political careers progresses. In the span of their political life, they made decisions that shaped the future of the Filipinos, especially in the field of education. These intellectuals participated in academic researches and administered a university and the national library. Their efforts in historical research despite being on the infancy stage during their time made them the pioneers of discipline of history. This paper will discuss their achievements and contributions in educating the new generation of Filipinos who would propel history as one of the most important discipline in the country. It will also discuss their historical works in form of monographs that played a key role in establishing the writing of history in the Philippines

GIAN PAOLO R. MAYO finished his Bachelor of Arts Major in History in the University of Santo Tomas in 2016. He is currently taking his master’s degree in his alma mater. He is currently working as a Researcher in the Philippine Veterans Affairs Office under the Veterans Memorial and Historical Division.


HISTORY BY A JOURNALIST: EPIFANIO DE LOS SANTOS AND CONTRIBUTION TO PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY

GLENN-DALE JOHN C. GOUniversity of Santo Tomas

Philippine historiography can be traced during the Spanish period with records and documents kept by the friars and missionaries on what they have seen in the colony.

Different historical texts were published by foreign scholars in the 19th century which paved the way for Filipino scholars to provide their own historical research with regards to the Philippines and most of them were found in newspapers written in Spanish. Epifanio de los Santos was one of the pioneering scholars who made a contribution to Philippine historiography. Although he lacked the necessary skills in historical research, his works were still considered as part of historical studies. With Don Panyong and G. Solon as his pen name, his contributions, focused on history and literature, were not only mostly found in newspapers during the 20th century but also provided a compilation of essays and articles, and biographical works on the lives of Philippine figures in relation to Philippine history which were being used by scholars of the contemporary period. This work not only aims to provided the contributions of Epifanio de los Santos to Philippine historiography but also serve as an avenue in recognizing his works as one of the great scholars paving a way for the present historians and scholars in historical research. The study made use of the works of de los Santos in analyzing his contributions which were mostly written in Spanish.

GLENN-DALE JOHN C. GO took his Bachelor of Arts degree in History at the University of Santo Tomas. He’s currently taking his Master of Arts degree in History at the same University.


THE CONTRIBUTION OF CONRADO F. BENITEZ ANDMAXIMO M. KALAW TO PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY

LLOYD CHRISTIANE P. RIVERAUniversity of Santo Tomas

This paper discusses the contribution of Conrado Benitez and Maximo M. Kalaw to Philippine Historiography. It highlights these two early Filipino historians and their

selected works. Conrado Benitez, a native of Laguna wrote a textbook that was widely used as a standard text in the secondary schools. Benitez’ body of works reflected his commitment as a statesman by having the general theme of doing service to the nation. Contemporaneous to Benitez was Maximo Kalaw, a native of Batangas, statesman and educator. His writings embodied ideals of public service, and “a strong urge to his students that they examine closely the historical foundation upon which any conviction is established.” Benitez and Kalaw were the pioneers in using the English language in their writings. While early historians still had a colonial hangover from Spain because most of them were educated in Santo Tomas and the Segunda Enseñanzas, these two pioneered the use of the English language in their writings, a trend that will be followed by succeeding Filipino historians. This paper utilizes the historical hermeneutics as a theory by “understanding and interpreting the events and locate them in their historico-cultural context”.

LLOYD CHRISTIANE P. RIVERA finished his Bachelor’s degree in History at the University of Santo Tomas and is currently taking up Master’s of Arts major in History also at UST. He is currently teaching in St. Paul University Quezon City. His research interests include Philippine music history, cultural history, and institutional history.


UNNAMED [2017]: ON MEDITATIVE GAMEPLAY ANDITS POTENTIAL IN PUBLIC HISTORY

DOMINIQUE ANGELA M. JUNTADO, MAUniversity of the Philippines Diliman

The idea of video games in general being received with a more optimistic light is something that is yet to be seen in the Philippine setting because of mixed opinions

and the greater tendency to fixate on primitive vistas which fuel a grand narrative shaping the negative side to video gaming. Also, even given their commercial success, the difficulties in helping on their acceptance as a cultural form partly stem from common impressions that they are merely a staple of juvenile humor, perhaps no better than a particular form of distraction. But to beg this logic in this date in time would be in sheer oblivion to the real possibilities of the acceptance of video games as something more than plain entertainment. And there is more to appreciating video games rather than merely playing it and gaining reactions.

Placed under the interpretive limelight is UNNAMED, the second instalment under the suite of games & gadgets entitled ATENAS NING PAMPANGA [2017], an independent project of the researcher, which had been presented at the Malay World Conference. It is a multi-chapter, first-person point & click adventure game series that revolves around the subject of Kapampangan literature, culture, and history. This presentation focuses on the Bacolor chapter of the story. The heart of the matter is her commentary of the game using a Lakoff-Bogostian framework; she will discuss the Kapampangan vista on select concepts of political thought such as virtues, citizenship & obligation, and its compatibilities and position within the national narrative as rendered in the in-game elements.

DOMINIQUE ANGELA M. JUNTADO is a doctoral candidate of Anthropology at the University of the Philippines Diliman with research interests ranging from political culture & thought, pop culture, video games and edutainment. Ms. Juntado earned two degrees in Political Science at the University of Santo Tomas in 2008 and 2010; she graduated from masters during the institution’s quadricentennial. She has previously handled General Sociology, Oriental Philosophy, and General Psychology during her employment at Mapua Institute of Technology Intramuros in 2009 and 2010 where she had been able to employ video games (Academic Let’s Plays) and gadgets in her teaching strategies. Her passion is coming up with interactive designs with an educational thrust. She has authored two articles on video gaming in the social sciences and humanities: CREEPYGAMING & THE NARRATIVE: When Lore Becomes ‘Playable’ and DELIBERATELY FALLING THROUGH A CODED RABBIT HOLE: A Sociocultural Written Let’s Play of American Mcgee’s Alice.


LAI CHIA OH: PAGSIPAT SA KASAYSAYAN NG PAGKAING TSINOY SA FILIPINAS AT PAGTUNGHAY SA AMBAG NITO SA KULTURANG FILIPINO

CHRISTINE MARIE LIM MAGPILE, LPT, MA CAND.University of the Philippines Press

Noong 1590s, naitatag sa panahon ng pananakop ng mga Espanyol sa Filipinas ang Binondo na itinuturing na pinakamatandang Chinatown sa buong mundo. Ngunit

bago pa man dumating ang mga Espanyol, mayroon ng ugnayan sa pagitan ng mga Filipino at Tsino sa pamamagitan ng kalakalan. Bukod sa mga produkto, kabilang din ang mga pagkain tulad ng pancit, siopao, at siomai na dala ng mga Tsinong negosyanteng nanirahan na sa ating bansa.

Sa mga lansangan ng Kalakhang Maynila, mapapansin na kasama ang pancit, siopao, at siomai sa madalas na itinitinda at tinatangkilik ng mga estudyante o masa dahil bukod sa nakabubusog ito ay mura pa. Sa papel na ito, tutukuyin ang kaligirang kasaysayan ng mga kilalang pagkaing Tsinoy. Kaugnay nito, kakapanayamin ang mga may-ari o tagapamahala ng matatandang kainan sa Binondo.

Bukod sa pagtukoy ng mga putaheng inihahain, aalamin din ang kuwento sa likod nito tulad ng kung secret recipe ba ang putaheng ito ng pamilya? Ang pagkaing inihahain ba sa kanilang restawran ay buhat sa bayang pinanggalingan nila sa Tsina? Sa dinami-rami ng pagkaing maaaring dalhin, bakit ito ang naisipang itinda? May natatangi kayang kahulugan o simbolo ang pagkaing ito?

Sa Malabon, isa ang palabok sa sikat na putahe rito na batay sa pancit. Samantala, sa Iloilo naman ay ang batchoy na halaw sa mami. Ang palabok at batchoy ay isa madalas na ini-oorder na meryenda ng karaniwang Filipino. Kaugnay nito, tutukuyin ng papel na ito kung paano pumatok sa panlasang Filipino ang pagkaing Tsino na ito na maituturing na ngayon bilang putaheng “Tsinoy.”

Ayon sa tanyag na Amerikanong nobelista na si Jonathan Safran Foer, “Hindi rasyonal ang pagkain. Ang pagkain ay kultura, gawi, pananabik, at identidad. Sa pananaliksik na ito, susuriin pagkakatulad ng mga Tsino at Filipino pagdating sa panlasa at titingnan kung mayoon ba itong pinag-uugatang pag-uugali o pagpapahalaga.

CHRISTINE MARIE LIM MAGPILE graduated cum laude from the University of Santo Tomas with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education (BSEd) major in History at minor in Religious Education and School Guidance. She has completed her academic requirements for her MA in Counseling at De La Salle University. She finished her Basic Education from St. Theresa’s College, Quezon City. She has taught more than fourteen years in high school and college from known schools like Immaculate Conception Academy of Manila, University of Santo Tomas High School, St. Peter the Apostle School, Aguinaldo International School, and Chinese General Hospital College of Nursing and Liberal Arts. She handled various subjects such as Philippine History, Asian at World History, Economics, Filipino and Panitikan, at Politics and Governance.


FAITH HEALING: A SINGLE PERSPECTIVE

SHERWIN TORINGZamboanga City State Polytechnic College

Faith healing is one of the traditional medical systems in the Philippines which has been superficially described both by local and international researchers. In turn, this

paper attempts to provide a holistic description of this practice based from the perceptions and experiences of a single faith healer. An initial in-depth interview was conducted with a female faith healer last February 2018 as part of an emerging case study. The healer was identified through the personal knowledge of the researcher and was then interviewed at her residence in Barangay Sta. Maria, Zamboanga City.

Initially, the interview revealed that the healer attributes the causes of certain diseases to spiritual, biomedical, supernatural, and moral aspects. In turn, these etiological perceptions are manifested in the healing approaches that the healer employs in treating her patients which are classified either as biomedical, such as the referral to a biomedical doctor, or spiritual such as the offering of prayers. In addition, the interview also revealed that the healer is confronted with certain challenges which mainly include the threats from other healers, criticisms from the community, and personal inconvenience due to influx of patients. Consequently, this implies that the healer herself demands some healing interventions as she herself experiences some emotional and physical discomforts due to these challenges.

Interestingly, this paper implies the possible reconciliation and integration between the traditional and biomedical systems which are often seen as two opposing or different medical systems. This is manifested in the collaboration and reciprocal relationship that the healer made with some biomedical professionals working both within and outside Zamboanga City.

SHERWIN TORING is a college instructor at Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College in Zamboanga City, Philippines. His major teaching assignments include: Philippine History, Geography and Cultural Anthropology. He earned the degree of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Social Studies at the Western Mindanao State University in 2010 and consequently the degree of Master of Arts in Education major in Social Studies in the same institution in 2017. Prior to his present employment, he used to be a high school teacher at Pilar College of Zamboanga City, Inc. from 2010 to 2013 handling social studies classes. At present, he is pursuing a doctorate degree in anthropology at the University of San Carlos in Cebu City.


MGA PAGBABAGO AT HAMON NA KINAKAHARAP NG MGA NATATANGING TRADISYONG PANG-MAHAL NA ARAW AT PANG-

KAPISTAHAN NG MGA MANANAMPALATAYA NGMATANDANG BAYAN NG POLO

DANILO ACOSTA LUMABASDepartment of Education - Manila

Matagal nang pinaniniwalaan na ang matandang bayan ng Polo, lungsod ng Valenzuela ay ang naging inspirasyon ni Dr. Jose Rizal sa pagbuo ng kathang-isip na bayang San

Diego sa kanyang nobelang Noli Me Tangere. Sa isang kabanata ng Noli, isinasalaysay doon ang isang tagpo ng prusisyon sa bayan ng San Diego, na kinatatampukan ng mga pinipintakasing imahen ng mga santo na sa katotohanan, ay dating nakalagak sa matandang simbahan ng San Diego de Alcala ng Polo, bago binomba ng mga Amerikano ang simbahan noong panahon ng Pagpapalaya noong 1945. Malinaw na may natatangi at iniingatang tradisyon ang matandang bayan ng Polo, lalo na sa panahon ng mga Mahal na Araw at kapistahan ng pintakasi nito. Sa nakalipas na mahigit isandaang taon, ay napanatili ng matandang bayan ng Polo ang mga tradisyong ito, sa kabila ng polarisasyon ng lungsod ng Valenzuela at ang mga naganap na pagbabago sa pamumuhay ng mga kanugnog na bayan. Nilalayon ng pananaliksik na ito na maipakita ang pagbabago sa larangan ng pananampalataya at buhay espiritwal ng mga mamamayan ng Polo mula sa pagsisimula ng ika-dalawampung siglo, partikular sa dalawa sa mga natatanging tradisyon ng lugar tuwing Mahal na Araw at kapistahan ng patrong San Diego de Alcala, pintakasi ng parokya. Ilalahad din dito ang mga kinakaharap na hamon ng mga kasalukuyang nagpapatuloy ng tradisyon ng pamayanan bunga ng modernisasyon.

DANILO ACOSTA LUMABAS is a Teacher at Felipe G. Calderon Integrated School (HS) - DepEd Manila. He obtained his Bachelor of Secondary Education major in History (cum laude) at the Philippine Normal University (2006) and Master of Arts in Educational Management t the University of the Philippines Manila (2018). He was also 3rd Place in the Search for the Outstanding Educator of the City of Manila (2018). Demonstation Teacher, speaker, researcher and writer in the Division of City Schools Manila.


WORDS ON THE WALL: A LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY LIBRARY CAMPAIGN

LOUISE IAN T. DE LOS REYES-AQUINOMetro-Dagupan Colleges

The Philippines, being an archipelago composed of more than 7,000 islands, has a total of 187 individual languages. Ethnic Groups in the Philippines warns that according to

estimates of linguists only 1/10th of our languages will remain by the 22nd Century. This poses a threat to our indigenous languages in the Philippines and the Pangasinan Provincial Governor Amado T. Espino, Jr. proclaimed that Pangasinan is a dying language and efforts must be done to preserve it.

This paper is aimed at creating awareness and promotion of conservation and preservation of the local language and the role of libraries. It is anchored on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) concept that linguistic diversity should be encouraged especially with respect to the mother tongue. This is strengthened by the IFLA concept that libraries should support and promote cultural and linguistic diversity at all levels.

Descriptive-survey method was used to determine the impact of the linguistic diversity campaign as introduced by the MDC Library to 114 high school students with regards to perceptions on inclusivity, influence to learn a new language, and appreciation of cultural diversity. The campaign generally comprised of signs with multilingual words and/or phrases presented in four (4) translations: 1) English, 2) Filipino, 3) Ilocano and 4) Pangasinan posted on conspicuous places within the library.

Based on the survey, the linguistic diversity campaign produced the following impact: 82% of the respondents (93) felt accepted despite the language diversity in the environment, 82% (or 94) of the respondents were influenced to want to learn a new language (English) according to 34% (39 respondents), and 84% (or 99) of the respondents were influenced to appreciate linguistic diversity in the school. While the campaign was only done in a month, the campaign showed promise if continued.

This study was among the Top 10 projects submitted in the 2018 IFLA International Marketing Award out of 56 entries from all over the world.

LOUISE IAN T. DE LOS REYES-AQUINO is currently the Head Librarian and the Program Coordinator of the College of Accountancy, Business Administration, Tourism and Computer Science (CABAT.COM) of Metro-Dagupan Colleges in Mangaldan, Pangasinan. She holds Bachelor degrees in Physical Therapy (1997) and Secondary Education major in Library Science (2007), a Master in Business Administration (2002), and is a candidate for Doctor in Business Administration (2011). She is currently pursuing her Master in Library and Information Science degree at Saint Louis University, Baguio City as a CHED scholar. She earned her professional licenses for teacher and librarian in 2004 and 2007, respectively.


ANG KONSEPTO NG ATAY: ANG KAHALAGAHAN NG WIKA AT ANG KAUGNAYAN NITO SA INSTITUSYONG PILIPINO

MA. DOROTHY A. MANANGHAYAAsian College – Quezon City Campus

Ang mga sinaunang Pilipino ay mayroong taglay na mga paniniwala at tradisyon na palaging isinasagawa. Ang ilan rito ay sa kabutihang palad, hindi nawala sa pagdating

ng mga Kastila bagkus ay napanatili at patuloy na isinasagawa hanggang sa ngayon. Isa na rito ang paggamit ng atay partikular na ang sa baboy sa panghuhula.

Ang nasabing laman-loob ay siyang naging pangunahing gamit sa pag-alam ng sagot o mga kasagutan ng mga diyos o diyosa nang ating mga ninuno ukol sa kanilang mga katanungan o kahilingan. Kadalasan ang babaylan ng nasabing tribo ang siyang nagsasagawa ng mga rituwal.

Ang tungkulin naman ng wika ay maaaring mauri sa apat na kategorya: kognitib (may kaugnayan sa inteklektuwal na pag-unlad ng mga mag-aaral), instrumental (may kaugnayan sa gamit ng wika para sa mga layuning material), integratibo (may kaugnayan sa pagiging kasapi ng grupo) at kultural (na may kaugnayan sa pagpapahalaga at pag-unawa sa kultural na aspeto).

Kung tutuusin, matagal nang tinanggap na maaaring muling buuin ang inaaklang anyo ng sinaunang wika o proto language ng magkakamag-anak na wika. Maaari itong gawin sa pamamagitan ng komparativ metod ng disiplinang Linggwistiks. Binabase ang mga rekonstraksyong ito sa mga pagkakapareho o halos magkasingtulad na elemento ng mga wikang ikinukumpura – mga tunog, salita, sintaks, at kahulugan – na nalalamang may pagkakahawig kaya iniisip na magkamag-anak. Sinasabi na maaaring pag-aralan ang mga set ng kogneyt – mga salita sa magkakamag-anak na kontemporaring wika na nananatiling halos pareho ang tunog at kahulugan sa kabila ng tagal ng panahong lumpias at kahit na walang tigil o patuloy pa rin ang pagbabago ng wika. Sa ganitong sistema, maaaring malaman o makita ang sinaunang anyo ng isang wika.

Kung kaya’t tatangkain ng papel na ito na mailahad ang ilang kaso na may kauganayan sa kultural na tungkulin ng wika. Tatalakayin sa papel ang dalawang magkaibang aspeto na maaaring may kaugnayan sa tungkulin ng pang-kultural na ng wika; una ay ang paggamit ng atay sa panghuhula o orakulo ng mga katutubong Pilipino na naging kanilang pangunahing gamit sa magiging paraan nila sa pamamalakad ng kanilang tribo o komunidad at ang atay sa proto-Pilipinong wika na makikitaan ng “reference point” sa kung bakit ang ilang mga salita na ating ginagamit ngayon ay may taglay na espisipikong kahulugan na may kauganay sa nasabing laman loob.

MA. DOROTHY A. MANANGHAYA is a graduate of Bachelor of Arts in History from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Batch 2016. She is a Senior High School (SHS) teacher and was a part time College instructor at Asian College - Quezon City Campus. She enjoys teaching Art Appreciation and Introduction to Philosophy the most. She spends her free time on doing random things – from painting, to watching anime, to photography and irritating her cat, Gyunyu.


ANG KASAYSAYAN NG SALITANG PUTANG INA

GLORIA ESGUERRA MELENCIOUnibersidad ng Pilipinas Los Baños

Kailan nagsimulang magmura ng “putang ina” ang mga Pilipino? O mga Pilipino ba ang nagsimulang magmura nito? Bakit “putang ina” ang sinasabi kapag galit ang Pilipino at

hindi putong ama? Bakit ang bilis bigkasin ng murang ito ng kahit ang pinakamataas na pinuno ng bayan? Bakit tinawag na kalapating mababa ang lipad ng mga babaeng nagbebenta ng aliw? Paanong naging mura ang “mura” at hindi naging mahal ito?

Papaksain ng papel ang pinagmulan ng mga salitang “putang ina” gamit ang pananaliksik na historikal. Ginagalugad ng pananaliksik ang mga diksyunaryong Espanyol noong ika-17, ika-18 at ika-19 na daantaon. Maiuugnay ang mga salita sa mga naganap na kalakalan sa Maynila noong ika-19 na daantaon sa pagitan ng mga Intsik, Kastila at Pilipino; sa prostitusyong nangangalakal ng katawan ng mga batang babae (10 taon ang pinakabata); at sa mga digmaang naganap noong 1896 hanggang sa maagang bahagi ng pananakop ng Amerika sa panahon ni Heneral Antonio Luna.

Assistant Professor GLORIA ESGUERRA MELENCIO teaches History at the University of the Philippines in Los Baños, Laguna. She had worked as a Media Consultant at the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines, her first government work. She was an Information/Communication/Education Specialist for non-governmental organizations. Likewise, she had been a beat correspondent and reporter for the mainstream media on print (Tinig ng Masa, Midday, Manila Standard, Malaya, Evening Star), broadcast (DWAN, DWIZ and TV5) and online (Saudi Gazette, Pinoy Xtra, Arab News) for more than two decades. Together with her husband Hernan, a journalist and editor, she has put up the website http://philippinehistory.ph, a non-profit website for history enthusiasts and students. The author is also a Board of Trustee Member of the Philippine Historical Association, the honor and professional association of Filipino historians.


“TAGA-TAAS:” THE FORMATION OF THE NEW BILIBID PRISONS (NBP) RESERVATION AS A RELATIONAL COMMUNITY AND ITS IMPACT TO THE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY OF MUNTINLUPA,1940-2010

MICHAEL ANJIELO R TABUYAN, LEE ANDREW M CALIMUTAN, AND

BRILL DEGAY DAUPANMA Philippine Studies Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman

In 2005, the City Government of Muntinlupa sponsored the publication of its local history where it discussed the development of the town from the Spanish times to the present.

However, the published book was not able to fully discuss the development of the major sub-communities within the city. One of those communities is the New Bilibid Prisons (NBP) Reservation, which was established following the relocation of the national penitentiary from Manila to its present site. While it was recognized as one of the major sub-communities in the area, its development and socio-economic impact to the city was not fully understood.

The paper thus attempts to explore the development of the NBP Reservation as a community, using interviews and literatures written by the long-time members of the community. By looking on its community-building process, it can be observed that the NBP Reservation was formed to the lines of a relational community, with its settlers coming from the different parts of the country and converged in the area out of their employment in the national prison. It can also be observed that the community has its own social norms that are distinct as compared to the norms of the town.

Apart from the exploration of the community-building process, the paper will also look on the socio-economic impact of the NBP Reservation to the City of Muntinlupa. It can also be judged that the establishment of the Reservation paved way for the diversification of the local employment and economy, with the prison being one of the major employers in the locality. Moreover, the Reservation also gave institutional empowerment to the town, as its major institutions such as schools and churches were opened for access of non-Reservation residents.

MICHAEL ANJIELO R TABUYAN is currently a social science faculty of the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand of the Senior High School Unit, San Beda College Alabang (SBCA) Integrated Basic Education Department (IBED). A political science graduate of Adamson University, he is currently taking his MA in Philippine Studies (Society and Culture) at the Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman.

LEE ANDREW M CALIMUTAN is currently an Executive Assistant at the Department of Agriculture. An AB Social Sciences (History) graduate of the University of the Philippines Baguio, he is currently taking his MA in Philippine Studies (Society and Culture) at the Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman.

BRILL DEGAY V DAUPAN is currently a student of the MA Philippine Studies (Foreign Relations) of the University of the Philippines Diliman. He was an AB Social Sciences (Economics) graduate of the University of the Philippines Baguio, where he also served as the Chairperson of its University Student Council AY 2011-2012.


DECONSTRUCTING THE SUMPA OF MABALACAT

RAYMOND JOHN VERGARAMabalacat City College

Stories of Sumpa or curse over towns are almost everywhere. Mabalacat, a city in Pampanga is no excuse when it comes to the story of sumpa. Story has it that in 1899 during the

height of decolonization of the Philippines from the Spaniards, a Recollect Priest assigned in Mabalacat was murdered. However, before the murdering, according to the traditional belief, the priest allegedly uttered a curse that the town would never prosper. The townsfolk associated all misfortunes in the town with the curse of the Priest. However, with a deconstructive re-reading of the story and with the support of other related stories, it could be realized that the story of Sumpa could have not been real. According to oral tradition, Katipuneros killed the Priest on July 10, 1899 because of an alleged sexual harassment acted out by the priest to a lady who regularly serves the church. Hence, the murdering of the priest was justified to be necessary. However, this paper argues that the story of Sumpa could have been one of the propaganda strategies to discredit the Spaniards, even the religious. Moreover, this paper will highlight that the priest had no reason at all to utter curse over the town since those who killed him were not locals from Mabalacat. The paper will also provide logical explanations on the alleged misfortunes in the town such as the slow progress that it underwent and the often closure of business establishments. Hence, all-in-all, the paper wishes to critique the possibility of a sumpa.

RAYMOND JOHN VERGARA is currently taking up Doctorate of Philosophy in Philosophy (Ladderized Program) at De La Salle University where he also finished his Masters in Philosophical Research. He obtained his undergraduate degree at the Mother of Good Counsel Seminary, City of San Fernando, Pampanga. He is currently teaching at and heads the Department of Social Sciences and Humanities of Mabalacat City College.


ILOG AGNO SA PANGASINAN: ISANG PANIMULANG KASAYSAYANG PANGKAPALIGIRAN, 1860-1875

WESLEY JUNE P. INAYPamantasang De La Salle Maynila

Mula sa mga bukal ng Bundok Data sa Benguet, dumadaloy ang tubig ng Ilog Agno patimog sa Cordillera patungo sa kapatagan ng Pangasinan at palabas ng Golpo ng

Lingayen at Dagat Kanlurang Pilipinas. Ang Ilog Agno ang ikatlong pinakamalawak na sistema ng ilog sa buong bansa. Ang Ilog Agno ay may mga tributaryo at mga maliliit na sangang nagmumula sa mga iba pang batis, bukal at mga kaugnay na ilog. Sa paglalakbay ng Ilog Agno patimog, dinaraanan ng tubig nito ang mga bukid, palayan, kabundukan at mga sentro ng populasyon at pakikipagkalakalan.

Sa panahong kolonyal, hindi lamang naging isang simpleng ilog na mapagkukunan ng kabuhayan at uri ng transportasyon ang Ilog Agno. Nagsilbi ang Ilog Agno bilang isang natatanging tanglaw sa pagtatayo at pag-unlad ng mga ilang bayan sa lalawigan ng Pangasinan. Naging mahalaga ang ginampanan ng Ilog Agno sa migrasyon, pag-unlad ng ekonomiya at kalakalan sa loob ng lalawigan. Naging malaki ang ambag ng Ilog Agno sa partisipasyon ng lalawigan sa panrehiyon, pangkolonyal at pandaigdigang kalakalan. Nagsilbi itong mahalagang daluyan ng kalakal, produkto at mga tao papasok at palabas ng Gitnang Luzon at Pangasinan. Sa kabilang banda, hindi lamang positibo ang idinulot ng Ilog Agno. Nakaapekto rin sa mga pamayanan at bayang dinadaluyan ng Ilog Agno ang taunang pag-apaw at pagbaha nito maging ang pagbabago ng direksyon ng agos ng ilog. Ang mga ganitong pangyayari ay nakaimpluwensiya at humulma sa pakikiangkop na isinagawa ng mga tao at pamayanang nakatira sa pampang ng Ilog Agno.

Tunay na napakabigat at napakalawak ang impluwensiya at epekto ng Ilog Agno sa pag-unlad ng mga bayan na dinadaluyan nito sa lalawigan ng Pangasinan. Ang Ilog Agno ang nagsilbing mahalagang salik na nakaimpluwensiya at humulma sa lipunan, urbanisasyon, kalakalan, migrasyon at kabuhayan ng mga pamayanang dinaluyan nito.

Si WESLEY JUNE P. INAY, 34, ay nagtapos ng BA History Sa University of the Philippines-Diliman at kasalukuyang nag-aaral ng MA History sa Pamantasang De La Salle Maynila. Tinatapos niya ang kanyang MA History tesis tungkol sa kasaysayang pangkapaligiran ng Ilog Agno. Isang lisensyadong guro, siya ay nagtratrabaho sa Kagawaran ng Edukasyon sa Kasarinlan High School, Lungsod ng Caloocan. Ilan sa mga subject na kanyang itinuturo sa Araling Panlipunan ay Kasaysayan ng Asya at Ekonomiks. Ang mga paksa ng pananaliksik na kanyang pinagtutuunan ay patungkol sa Ilog Agno at local history ng mga bayan ng Pangasinan.


PROPAGATING PHILIPPINE LOVE SONGS:THE MABUHAY SINGERS 1958-2016

NAOMI M. JEMERAOur Lady of Fatima University

The Mabuhay Singers is a group of musicians that was once preeminent in the golden years of Tagalog ballads. They continue to propagate traditional Philippine love songs

such as Danza, Polka, Balitaw, and Harana from 1958 to the present making them the “Last Legends of Kundiman” in the country. They pursued the advocacy to steadfastly preserve the intangible treasures of the country. Why and how exactly do they propagate Philippine love songs, this research attempts to explain.

This work seeks to answer a particular need in Philippine cultural history which is the rediscovery of Philippine love songs from the good old days that are now seemingly lost. Indeed, the Mabuhay Singers contributes to the preservation of the greatest songs of all time – songs that reflect that national consciousness of Filipinos, immaterial things that we can call our own: Maalaala Mo Kaya, Babalik Ka Rin, Kapantay ay Langit, Mutya ng Pasig, Hindi Kita Malimot, Kalesa, Bayan Ko, Magtitiis Ako, and Bituing Marikit to name a few. Award-winning Filipino songwriters such as Levi Celerio, Nicanor Abelardo, George Canseco, Francisco Santiago and many more, have expressed their finer feelings in such all-endearing melodies whose extreme nature mirrors the sentiment of our people.

Truly, in the present context of society, the transformation of the Filipino’s playlists that are bombarded by all sorts of Western music cannot be reversed. However, it is gratifying not to put our own native music to the grave; harshly abandoned and forgotten.

NAOMI JEMERA is a graduate of the University of Santo Tomas, Bachelor of Arts Major in History. She pursued her Certification in Professional Education at the University of the Philippines, Diliman and recently finished her master’s Degree in History at the UST Graduate School. She is currently working as an instructor in the Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela.


SI FEDERICO ESTRADA AT ANG HULAGWAY NG MUTYA

DANIM R. MAJERANOKapitolyo Senior High School

Si Federico Estrada ay isang manlilikha ng sining na inampon ng bayan ng Pasig. Siya ay nakapagtapos ng sining biswal sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. Naging aktibo siyang kasapi

ng Pasig Art Club pagkaraan ng giyera. Malaki sa kanyang mga likhang-sining ay kinomisyon sa loob at labas ng bansa. Naging aktibo siyang kalahok sa mga patimpalak gaya ng taunang Art Association of Philippines para kilalanin ang kanyang kahusayan sa sining. Nang dumating ang dekada 70 sa bayan ng Pasig, malaki ang naging transpormasyon nito upang gamitin ang mga sining bilang sisidlan ng nakalipas na kariktan ng bayan. Si Federico Estrada ay kinomisyon ng lokal na pamahalaan para isadokumento sa sining ang mga lumang gusali, kuwentong-bayan, pamilihan, mahabang kasaysayan ng Pasig at marami pang iba. Ayon sa mga talang pangkasaysayan pansining, tatlo sa mga sining niya ay patungkol sa popular na Mutya ng Pasig. Itinatampok ng sining ang mga mahalagang kaugnayan nito sa naganap o nagaganap sa kasaysayan at lipunan. Napakahalaga kung gayon ang gampanin ng manlilikha ng sining para kilalanin ang nakalipas, at para ang kasalukuyan ay mapagyaman ang pagtatanghal ng lokal na kaakuhan.

Si DANIM R. MAJERANO ay nakapagtapos ng BA at MA Aralin sa Sining sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman. Siya ay naglilingkod bilang Master Teacher sa Kapitolyo Senior High School sa Lungsod ng Pasig. Siya rin ang kasalukuyang Direktor ng Pananaliksik at Edukasyon ng Samahang Saliksik Pasig, Inc. Nakapagturo na rin siya ng mga kurso sa disiplina ng Humanidades at Sosyal Sayanses sa iba’t ibang pamantasan at kolehiyo sa Kamaynilaan. Madalas siyang nagbabahagi ng kanyang mga pananaliksik sa mga lokal, nasyonal at internasyonal na kumperensiya.


PAGMAMAPA SA MGA SINING SA MGA PAMPUBLIKONG ESPASYO SA PUP TUNGO SA PAGDALUMAT NG KASAYSAYANG PANLIPUNAN NG

UNIBERSIDAD

ROMEO P. PEÑACenter for Social History

Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila

Ang paglitaw ng sining sa mga pampublikong espasyo ay kadalasang tinutukoy bilang “art in public spaces” na naging tuon ng akademikong pag-aaral sa higit na isang

dekada sa Asya. Ang mga pag-aaral na ito ay isinagawa sa Japan, China, Hong Kong, Cambodia at Malaysia (Huebner 2016). Mapapansing hindi pa kasama rito ang Pilipinas. Samantala, ang pag-aaral sa mga pampublikong sining ay masigla ring nagawa sa Europa, Amerika at Russia bagamat nagsulputan na ang mga “art in public spaces” sa Pilipinas sa tulong ng ilang ahensyang panggobyerno gaya ng NCCA at ilang mga banyagang organisasyon. Layunin ng pananaliksik na ito na masagot ang sumusunod: Ano-anong art in public spaces ang makikita sa loob ng Politeknikong Unibersidad, Sta. Mesa, Maynila?; Paanong ang art in public spaces sa loob ng unibersidad ay nakatutulong sa pag-iimahen ng kasaysayang panlipunan ng PUP?; at Ano ang kasaysayang panlipunan ng PUP ang maaaring maitampok pagkatapos masuri ang art in public spaces sa loob ng unibersidad? Sa pananaliksik na ito, ang pagsusuri sa sining sa mga pampublikong espasyo sa PUP gamit ang dulog na uugatin sa librong “Sining at Lipunan” nina Patrick Flores at Cecilia De la Paz ang isasakatuparan upang makapag-ambag ng kamalayang pansining na tatagos sa pagmamapa ng kasaysayang panlipunan ng PUP.

Si ROMEO PALUSTRE PEÑA o Rom Peña ay tubong Bondoc Peninsula (Catanauan) sa Lalawigan ng Quezon, Pilipinas. Nagtapos siya ng MA sa UP Diliman at AB sa PUP. Tinatapos niya ang PhD in Philippine Studies sa UP Diliman at kasalukuyan siyang Associate Professor sa PUP habang pinamumunuan ang PUP Center for Social History na isa sa mga research center ng unibersidad. Siya rin ay kasalukuyang Executive Council Member ng NCCA National Committee on Language and Translation (NCLT). Napili siyang fellow sa UST National Writers Workshop (2008), UP-DFPP Palihang Rogelio Sicat (2009), Iligan Writers Workshop (2010), Iyas Writing Workshop (2011) at sa UP National Writers Workshop (2018). Naparangalan ang mga akda niya sa mga timpalak pampanitikan sa Pilipinas at Japan. Nailathala rin ang kaniyang mga akda sa mga antolohiya ng tula, kuwento at sanaysay sa loob at labas ng bansa. Ang nobela niyang Isang One Dalawang Zero ay inilathala ng Visprint ngayong taon. Nagtungo siya sa Kagoshima University sa Japan para sa isang Special Study on Japanese Language and Culture noong 2016.


THE ORIGINS OF THE TOPONYM ‘KIDAPAWAN:’ A RE-EVALUATION

KARLO ANTONIO G. DAVIDKidapawan City, North Cotabato

This paper aims to look at extant proposed etymologies of the toponym ‘Kidapawan,’ the capital and only city of the province of North Cotabato. Kidapawan, an Uvu Manuvu

domain at the foot of Mt. Apo, has seen an influx of migrants from Luzon and Visayas since its establishment as a municipal district under the American colonial government in 1914, and today enjoys the linguistic diversity typical of the SOCCSKSARGEN Region. Almost all extant attempts at writing the city’s history have hitherto been initiated by the local government for promotional purposes, but the output of successive administrations has consistently been done without proper citation, information among the histories varies widely, and when cross-referenced with tribal, key informant and documentary sources, proves to be problematic. This is no truer than in the proposed etymologies of the town’s name, with there being as many as six official etymologies (all unattributed), all stated as fact, all claiming to be tribal but most proving to be questionable. This paper presents these official etymologies, but also adds to them by providing other versions sourced from one unpublished work of research and from tribal informants. These versions either provide novel etymologies, or serve to substantiate the extant recorded etymologies by providing them with sources. Most of the etymologies fall under two categories: spring-related and wedding-related. Two recorded, unattributed versions claim Kidapawan to be a name or a portmanteau of names, with one name relating to the highlands. One etymology’s background presents the intriguing possibility that Kidapawan as an entity may have been invented rather than emerged organically. The paper concludes with a recommendation to rewrite extant promotional material distributed by the city government.

KARLO ANTONIO GALAY DAVID writes about his hometown of Kidapawan in North Cotabato, where his family has lived for five generations. He is Prize Director for the Salirok Prize, the literary prize sponsored by the local government of Kidapawan, and is currently working on a comprehensive history of the town while writing fiction and critical essays. He is founding administrator of Kidapawan of the Past, a Facebook Page dedicated to promoting interest in local history among the citizens of Kidapawan city. He has an undergraduate degree in English from the Ateneo de Davao University, and a Master’s in Creative Writing from Silliman University. He has won the Nick Joaquin and Don Carlos Palanca awards for fiction and one act play respectively.


TOPONYMY, LOCAL FOLKLORE AND LOCAL HISTORY:A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF PLACE NAMES IN BATARAZA, PALAWAN

MICHAEL ANGELO A. DOBLADOPalawan State University

Toponymy or the study of place names as an area of research is an interdisciplinary endeavor involving several disciplines like history, anthropology, sociology, and

geography. Towns, barangays, streets, sitios, puroks, or places in the Philippines particularly those that are at the fringes of areas of major political and economic movement often bears their old Place Names. Locations and areas having names that reflect unique aspects of its physical environment, echoes of its oral tradition, or products of the local folklore of the community.

Palawan the last frontier of the country have been unspoiled and unexplored for more than a century under the Spanish regime and even decades after the American Occupation and the Second World War. Because of this most of its towns and its barangays have retained their original and old place names some of which were already being used before the arrival of the Spaniards in the province The paper explores the possible sources of the names of the barangays composing the municipality of Bataraza which was originally part of the older town of Brookes Point and is located at the southernmost tip of the main island, This paper attempts to reconstruct the origin of the place names using a combination of archival research of old Spanish maps of Palawan, analysis of the 1950 Palawan Data Papers, and field interviews of selected migrant and pioneering personalities, families, and elders of the Palawan ethnic group and Moslem settlers.

The study aims to show that Bataraza’s place names is a result of a combination of local historical experience, geographical and environmental peculiarities, and its own oral tradition. From the standpoint of Academic History it is imperative to have the town’s place names’ unique ethno-geo history studied and recorded, on the other hand it is also the responsibility of advocates of Public History to have the stories of these place names transmitted/disseminated to the community, to help them remember and maintain a collective consciousness and memory of what make’s their town unique.

MICHAEL ANGELO A. DOBLADO, finished his BA Social Sciences (Political Science-History) at the University of the Philippines Baguio City. He was the former Chairman of the Social Sciences Department of the College of Arts and Humanities (CAH) of the Palawan State University, he is now concurrently serving as the Director of the Palawan Studies Center (PSC) and of the University Intellectual Property Office (UIPO). He is a board member of the Natural Historical Foundation of Palawan which manages the Palawan Museum. He has served as a National Trainer for the Department of Education K-12 Enhanced Curriculum Grades 7,8, and 10 (Social Studies Area), as well as a CHED 2nd Generation New General Education Course (The Contemporary World) regional trainer. He has presented papers in national and international historical conferences organized by the Philippine Historical Association. His research interests includes local town histories, ethno-histories, and social histories of Palawan.


CEMENTERIO DE SAN ANTONIO ABAD: ANG KONSTRUKSIYON NG SEMENTERYONG PAROKYAL PARA SA ERMITA, SAN FERNANDO DE DILAO AT MALATE BILANG TUGON SA EPIDEMIYANG KOLERA SA

KAMAYNILAAN, 1882-1884

CHEN V. RAMOS, M.A.Pamantasang De La Salle-Maynila

Abstrak: Noong 1882, muling naranasan ng Kamaynilaan ang epidemiyang Kolera na itinuturing na isa sa pinakamapinsalang sakit na tumama sa Pilipinas noong okupasyon

ng mga Espanyol. Mayroong iba’t ibang mga proyekto at imprastruktura ang ipinatayo noong panahong ito upang maiwasan ang maaaring masamang epekto nito sa buhay ng mga residente sa Kamaynilaan. Ngunit, sa kabila ng mga paghahandang ito, malaking pa rin ang bilang ng mga nasawi sa loob lamang ng maikling panahon na siyang nag-iwan ng malaking bilang ng mga bangkay sa mga bayan at lungsod. Muli itong nagdala ng kaguluhan at pagkatuliro sa pamahalaang Espanyol at pati na rin sa mga Pilipinong naninirahan sa Kamaynilaan. Ang Cementerio General de Dilao/Paco na pangunahing sementeryo sa Kamaynilaan noong panahong ito ay hindi napakinabangan dahil sa masama nitong kondisyon pati na rin ang mga sementeryo sa loob ng mga simbahan dahil sa nakasusulasok nitong amoy dahil sa labis na paglilibing. Ang nakitang tanging paraan ng pamahalaang Espanyol ay agarang magtayo ng isang sementeryong parokyal sa arrabales ng Ermita, Malate at San Fernando de Dilao upang paglagyan ng mga bangkay na resulta ng epidemiya. Mula sa mga pangyayaring ito nabuo ang pagpaplano at pagpapatayo sa Cementerio de San Antonio Abad sa Malate, Maynila.

Nais ng pag-aaral na ilahad at ipaunawa sa mambabasa ang naging gampanin ng Cementerio de San Antonio Abad sa pagsasaayos ng sistema ng paglilibing sa lungsod ng Maynila pagkatapos tumama ang epidemiyang kolera noong 1882. Gamit ang mga primarya at sekondaryang sanggunian, sisiyasatin kung natugunan ba ng sementeryo ang tunguhin nito na mabigyan ng maayos na libingan ang mga yumao sa panahon ng kaguluhan at epidemiya. Hangad rin ng pag-aaral na ipabatid ang gampanin ng mga sementeryo sa lipunang Pilipino partikular ang kahalagahan nito sa pagpapanatili ng mga ritwal at tradisyon ukol sa kamatayan sa panahon ng kaguluhan.

Si CHEN V. RAMOS ay nagtapos ng digring Master of Arts in History sa De La Salle University, Manila at Bachelor of Secondary Education major in History with Undergraduate Specialization in Reading sa Philippine Normal University, Manila. Siya ay nagturo ng Araling Panlipunan sa Elizabeth Seton School at naging House Coordinator ng nasabing paaralan noong 2015 hanggang 2016. Sa kasalukuyang ay nagtuturo si G. Ramos sa Senior High School ng Kaunlaran Senior High School sa lungsod ng Navotas.


THE HISTORY OF THE BUREAU OF QUARANTINE ANDITS CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHILIPPINE PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY

(1902-2017)

RICHARD RYAN C. VILLEGAS, PH.DNational University

Utilizing historical descriptive research design, the proponent aimed at determining the history of the Bureau of Quarantine (BOQ). The proponent arrived at the results by analyzing and examining primary sources of data such as government documents, memos, written narratives, as well as interviews with its directors and managers (both incumbent and former). The BOQ is the lead agency mandated under the Department of Health (DOH) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to guarantee the protection of the public against entry and exit and the spread of infectious diseases, emerging diseases and public health emergencies of international concern. As part of its mandate, the BOQ is a partner institution with the Bureau of Customs (BOC), the Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA), the World Health Organization, the Bureau of Immigration, the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, and the Philippine Ports Authority. Its roots can be traced under the supervision of the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service of the United States in 1902. When the Americans colonized the Philippines, one of the problems that they faced was public health due to the entry, exit and spreading of epidemic diseases such as cholera, malaria, dysentery etc. Their solution was to create a Board of Public Health and implement certain measures to prevent the epidemic diseases from spreading such as vaccination, hygiene education, proper sewage disposal, and through quarantine by isolating the people afflicted with such diseases. It was transferred to the Philippine Government under the Department of Health and Public Welfare in 1947. Through the years, the BOQ was able to provide implementations, programs, and contingency plans especially for public health emergencies including the spread of AH1N1 virus, Ebola etc. This study focuses on the history of the BOQ and how its administration and policies had evolved through the years in protecting the public from the entry, exit and outbreak of infectious diseases.

RICHARD RYAN C. VILLEGAS finished his Doctor of Philosophy in History in 2017, at the University of Santo Tomas. He obtained both his Master in History-Cumlaude in 2011 and Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences and Bachelor of Secondary Education-Major in Social Studies in 2008 from the same University. To further hone his pedogical skills, he attended short term courses, seminars and trainings in education and history at various academic institutions all over the Philippines. His research interests include historical hermeneutics, military history, Contemporary Philippines, Filipino Culture, public policy, social history and cultural studies, education. He taught in the UST Department of History from 2009-2010; and from 2011-2016. He was affiliated in Centro Escolar University as lecturer in AY 2016-2017. He is a lifetime member of the Philippine Historical Association. He is currently affiliated with National University where he is teaching as Full Professor-1.


DEAN WORCESTER’S BATTLE AGAINST ANIMAL CONTAGIONS INTHE PHILIPPINES, 1900-1913

ARLEIGH ROSS D. DELA CRUZ, PHDDe La Salle University Manila

With the establishment of the American Civil Government in 1901, William H. Taft, the first civil governor appointed American zoologist Dean C. Worcester as

Secretary of the Interior. As the Interior Secretary during the Taft Era (1900-1913), Worcester was responsible for the supervision of the following government portfolios, namely agriculture, health, tribal peoples, and forestry. One of the challenges faced by Worcester as interior department chief was the battle against contagious bovine diseases or epizootics. The death of bovine and equine animals due to surra, foot-and-mouth disease, cattle plague, and bovine anthrax during the first decade of American rule required immediate actions by the American colonial government. Initially placed under the Board of Health in 1901, the eradication of bovine and equine contagions was eventually transferred to the Bureau of Agriculture in 1905. As head of the Interior Department, Worcester was tasked to lead the battle against the animal diseases. In this paper, I shall analyze Dean Worcester’s insights and pronouncements on the epizootics problem in the Philippines. I shall also examine the solutions and policies implemented by the Agriculture Bureau to solve the animal contagions problem. An analysis of Worcester’s insights and the Bureau’s initial solutions to the problem will give readers a clear understanding as to how western medicine was primarily used to tame the country’s hostile tropical environment and how the American colonial officials became very insensitive to the “traditional agricultural practices” of the Filipinos (Sullivan 1992, 102). In this presentation, I shall investigate how Worcester’s colonial policies to combat the Philippine epizootics relied solely on western/colonial medicine and totally ignored Filipino culture.

ARLEIGH ROSS D. DELA CRUZ, PHD is a professor of history at the De La Salle University Manila. He obtained his Doctor of Philosophy in History at the University of the Philippines Diliman, Master of Arts in History at the De La Salle University, and bachelor’s degree at the University of the Philippines Manila. He is a recipient of the NCCA Young Historian’s Prize. He was also he former Vice-President of the Philippine Historical Association.


PUUNAN: DISCOURSING AUSTRONESIAN CONCEPTS IN TAUSUG CULTURE AS ROOT-CAUSES OF NATURAL AND SOCIAL PHENOMENON

KAMARUDDIN BIN ALAWI MOHAMMADUniversity of the Philippines Diliman

Phenomena in history are caused by a variety of factors such as disease, natural disaster, war, migration, and among others. However, looking into the underlying values

permeating cultural norms of a certain community, it appears that “causes” of phenomena in history are basically influenced by what could be further referred to as its “root-cause,” situated in the language and belief system of the people. In an attempt to make clear of above-mentioned idea of the “root-cause” in history, the author went deeper into his own Tausug culture and tried to explain it through an overarching concept of “puunan.” This Tausug term primary means “origin” of things but it can also be rendered as the “root-cause” of something (e.g. phenomenon).

Besides the meaning and rendition, in this particular paper, the author is also using the term “puunan” to collectively define Austronesian concepts in Tausug culture, considered “root-cause” behind the existence of natural and social phenomenon. Among those fundamental concepts, two (2) will be dealt with in this paper---the concept of “gift” and “life force.” To further deepen the discourse, the author will also tackle that part of the human body believed to have housed the “life force”---the liver. In other words, this paper seeks to answer the following research questions:

(1) What is the Tausug concept of puunan as a discourse on “root-cause” in history?(2) How do concepts of “gift” and “life force” reveal itself as puunan (e.g. root-cause) behind

the existence of natural and social phenomenon? (3) What does “liver” mean to an Austronesian-speaking people like the Tausug?To answer the above-mentioned research questions, the author will utilize primary and

secondary data. Primary data include author’s first-hand knowledge of the concepts as a Tausug himself. On one hand, secondary data include books, journal articles, thesis, lectures, think paper, and online resources.

KAMARUDDIN BIN ALAWI MOHAMMAD is a University Researcher II (Institute of Islamic Studies, UP Diliman) and anchor of “Salam Radyo,” DZUP 1602 (official AM Radio of UP Diliman). Member of Research Association for Islamic Social Sciences, Inc.; Zamboanga Peninsula Higher Education Research Association, Inc.; Asosasyon ng Aklatan at Sinupan ng Diliman, Inc.; National Book Development Board; at Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas. Finished his course BS in Nursing at Western Mindanao State University-Zamboanga, MA in Islamic Studies in UP Diliman, and currently taking his Ph.D. in Philippine Studies also in UP Diliman.


THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KIRIM IN MAGUING, LANAO DEL SUR

OLOMODIN M. MOCSIR

This study was conducted for the purpose of exploring the nature of Kirim, including its form, style and letters. Included in its objectives were to explore some manuscripts

written in Kirim, such as Salsila, Darangen, Kapasadan, Katao, Bolong and Sorat. Moreover, this study also examine the present status of Kirim among the Mëranaw. The study was conducted at Maguing Proper at the Municipality of Maguing, Lanao del Sur. This utilized qualitative, narrative and descriptive design.

Ten (10) informants were purposely chosen. This study made use of purposive sampling considering the ten (10) informants are known to be Kirim literate, owners of Darangen, Salsila, Kapasadan, katao ,Bolong and Sorat which were written in Kirim. They are also professional readers and writers of Kirim writing. They could understand easily the difficult terms used as figurative speech accounted in Darangen.

In the gathering of data, the researcher used key informant interview. Using a guide questionnaire, the ten informants were asked questions, the answers were recorded using a cellphone recorder and later transcribed. To validate the data, the researcher also made use of participant-observation and triangulation method.

This study shows that kirim writing is used for writing Darangen owned by some old residents of Maguing and Salsila of a certain families in Maguing. It is also used to write Kapasadan (agreement) for dispute settlement, Bolong (medicine), Katao (amulets, love potion and witchcraft) and in writing an ordinary letter called Sorat.

The use of Kirim writing among the elder group of Mëranaw at Maguing played a significant contribution in writing, recording, expressing, and communicating their day to day activities. Thus, it is recommended by this study to explore more Kirim writing. This does not only gave the people of Maguing express themselves but also help them continue appreciate their culture.

OLOMODIN M. MOCSIR obtained is Master of Arts in History at Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology.


VISUAL HISTORY GENERATION x PUBLIC HISTORY:THE EXPERIENCE OF PROJECT SAYSAY

IAN CHRISTOPHER B. ALFONSONational Historical Commission of the Philippines

The more than a century of Philippine public history—from the today-in-history-like contributions of Mariano Ponce in La Solidaridad to the age of Facebook as platform

of varying contributions of rare images, documents, and videos brought by democratization of Philippine historical materials from various educational and cultural institutions, here and abroad—witnessed the constant challenge to history scholars, educators, and advocates: to keep the Filipino people interested to our past vis-à-vis popularization of Philippine history beyond classroom by any means. Project Saysay, one of the recent advocacies championed by young historians, literary scholars, visual artists, and cultural workers, has, in some way, addressed the crucial role of generation and processing of historical materials (i.e., primary sources, rare images, recordings) into readily-available, well-curated history visuals to popularize Philippine history. This paper shares Project Saysay’s experiences and social experimentations as an advocate of Philippine public history in the past five years.

IAN CHRISTOPHER B. ALFONSO is Senior History Researcher of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. He is the founder and Executive Director of Project Saysay, a youth-led advocacy with a mission to spread the ideals and values of our great forebears by generating relevant, useful, and inspiring information sourced from history in three ways: [1] Distribute quality posters to Philippine schools for free, here and abroad, featuring the words of wisdom of great Filipinos; [2] generate sensible and accurate online materials that are shareable and attune to the needs of time; and [3] create platforms to express creativity and academic exchanges related to history and culture. He obtained his Master of Arts in History at the University of the Philippines Diliman and Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Social Studies at Bulacan State University.


NARRATIVES BEHIND GLASS: A CLOSER LOOK AT THE AYALA MUSEUM DIORAMAS AS VISUAL PUBLIC HISTORY

JOSE ALAIN J. AUSTRIA University of the Philippines Diliman

Since 1974, the historical dioramas of the Ayala Museum has become a constant part of the itinerary of many school field-trips. Gaudily-colored and even playful, these

dioramas are a pleasant treat for generations of Filipino students who were tired of reading their people’s history from voluminous textbooks. The passage of more than four decades (not to mention new historical / archaeological findings) has made these miniature tableaux series somewhat “dated”. But such is the allure of the so-called “diorama experience”, that to this day, it remains the museum’s most popular and accessible permanent exhibit.

The historical diorama is one of the more interesting ways of presenting a nation’s story to the general public. A past event recorded in documents or collective memory is visually-reconstructed as a small three-dimensional assemblage behind glass. It is basically a miniature theater: painted background, little sets, proper lighting and even sound effects. The only difference perhaps is that it uses non-moving, figurative sculptures as actors. And more important than this, the diorama’s narrative is a product of historical imagination: a complex balancing act between solid facts and artistic license.

This paper examines the dynamics of the Ayala dioramas as public history, particularly: 1.) its deliberate use of the great person / events frameworks as the connecting theme for the assemblage, 2.) the multiplicity of historical and fictional narratives in each tableaux, 3.) the two-way interaction between the diorama (as instructional material) and the viewer (as the learner), and 4.) updating the otherwise “dated” dioramas to reflect 21st century historical scholarship and instructional technology.

JOSE ALAIN AUSTRIA is an independent researcher, and full-time graduate student of the Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines – Diliman. He holds a master’s degree in history from De La Salle University – Manila (2002). Before heeding the call of archaeology and heritage work, he was a full-time history professor at the School of Diplomacy and Governance of De La Salle – College of Saint Benilde (2001-2017). His field of interest includes district history (Manila), art history, and the archaeology of funerary and sacred spaces.


WALKING INTO HISTORY: PUBLIC HISTORY AND THE MUSEUMS OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES

EUFEMIO O. AGBAYANI III National Historical Commission of the Philippines

Aside from education, Filipinos learn their history through museums. Although they certainly are not the sole means of promoting history, they do so in their own unique

and dynamic ways. However, history museums do not present history as is. Various factors can affect its interpretation: the availability of sources and artifacts for display, and the supporting and/or funding agencies, and the character of the stakeholders and visitors. In the case of the Philippines, stakeholders can include the academic community, descendants of historic persons, the local and national government, and the community where the museum is located.

There are various types of museums in the Philippines, many of them deal with history in different capacities. Many are managed by government agencies. Those under the Philippine Veterans Affairs Office are military shrines commemorating battles during the Second World War in the Philippines (1941-1945). Some are managed by the National Museum of the Philippines (NM), although most of its branches deal with ethnography, archaeology, and fine arts. Local government units also manage museums dealing with their own history, heritage and culture.

The National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), meanwhile, maintains twenty-three (23) history museums. Throughout the years, many questions have been asked about them: Why is there a disparity in the distribution of NHCP museums, especially in terms of geography, chronology, and gender? Why were they placed under the care of the Commission and how come it is not in charge of all historic sites?

To answer these questions, we explore the origins of the history museums themselves and look into their activities, past and present. In so doing, we can find out how these museums receive and adapt history as written by the academic community, and present Philippine history differently from other institutions and museums, both public and private.

This paper proceeds from a research proposal submitted to a Philippine Studies 299 class in the Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman which was written with Marlon De Leon and Carlos Ortiz.

EUFEMIO O. AGBAYANI III is a history researcher from the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. His work focuses on research for the curatorial development of various history museums. He graduated cum laude from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a Bachelor of Arts in History degree and is currently taking up his Master of Arts in Philippine Studies (socio-cultural track) in the same university.


ANG KASAYSAYAN NG PILIPINAS SA BAGONG CURRICULUMNG ELEMENTARYA AT TERSYARYA: ISANG PAGSUSURI

KEVIN PAUL “OSE” MARTIJAUnibersidad ng Makati

Naging importanteng usapin ng ating panahon ang paradigm shift sa ating sistemang pang-edukasyon mula sa dating curriculum sang-ayon sa minamandatong pagbabago

ng RA 10533 at CMO no. 20- Series 2013. Malaki ang naging epeketo nito sa asignaturang itinuturo, paraan ng pagtuturo, hangarin ng pagtuturo, at hinuhubog na kakayanan ng mga mag-aaral na ngayo’y napapasailalim sa mga pagbabagong ito. Isa na nga sa naapektuhan ng naturang mga reporma ay ang asignaturang Kasaysayan mula sa baitang elementarya, sekondarya, hanggang antas tersyarya.

Sa ganang ito, susuriin ng papel na ito ang mga pagbabagong naganap sa asignaturang Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa antas elementarya at antas tersyarya sa bagong curriculum. Sasaysayin dito ang pagkakaiba ng bagong curriculum sa dating curriculum, gayundin, ang mga depekto ng kasalukuyang curriculum sa hangaring maipakita ang mga sumusunod: una, ang problematikong pagtutugma ng nilalaman at layunin kapwa ng asignaturang kasaysayan sa Elementarya at Kolehiyo; ikalawa, ang congested curriculum ng Pangkalahatang Edukasyon ng Kasaysayan sa kolehiyo, at; ikatlo, ang pagkakatali pa rin ng mga asignaturang kasaysayan sa pangkabuuang layuning hinahangad ng mga pagbabago ng ating sistemang pang-edukasyon.

Si KEVIN PAUL D. MARTIJA o mas kilala bilang Ose ay Katuwang na Propesor sa Unibersidad ng Makati. Natapos niya ang kursong sa Batsilyer Sa Sekondaryong Edukasyon Medyor sa Kasaysayan sa Pamantasang Normal ng Pilipinas noong 2013 at natapos naman niya ang Masteral sa Araling Filipino Medyor sa Wika, Kultura, at Media sa Pamantasang La Salle noong 2017. Naimbitahan at nakapagbasa ng mga saliksik sa lokal at internasyunal na mga sampaksaan at kumperensya. Naging paksain ng ilan niyang publikasyon at saliksik ang kasaysayan ng ilang mga kilusang kabataan sa bansa.


LEGISLATION ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AT THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE 17TH CONGRESS, 2ND REGULAR SESSION

JEJOMAR G. PALMACommittee on Indigenous Cultural Communities and Indigenous Peoples

House of Representatives

Mandated to attend to all matters directly concerning ICCs/IPs, the Committee on Indigenous Cultural Communities and Indigenous Peoples of the House

of Representatives is at the forefront of legislation that upholds and protects the rights of indigenous cultural communities and indigenous peoples (ICCs/IPs), closely tied-up with the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP). This paper traces the trend of legislation undertaken by the Committee in the 2nd Regular Session from the period of 24 July 2017 to 22 July 2018. As such, it presents how the concept of indigenous self-determination have been operationalized in the pieces of legislation submitted at the House of Representatives in the said period. As this paper traces the trend of legislation in the 2nd Regular Session, it likewise looks into the main concerns of indigenous peoples within the period and how they were addressed through legislation. There are constants, however, in the concerns of ICCs/IPs such as disputes in ancestral lands and domains, the conduct of the Free and Prior Consent process (FPIC), and the challenge of keeping alive indigenous customs and tradition vis-à-vis globalization and rapid modernization. Data are to be culled from communication received by the Committee during the 2nd Regular Session; this includes House Bills, House Resolutions, Committee Reports, Privilege Speeches, Referred Petitions, and Speaker-endorsed Petitions. This paper is anchored on the Constitutional mandate that the State shall recognize and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development. Therefore, it is on this premise that agencies such as the Committee and NCIP are created and whose functions are rooted.

JEJOMAR G. PALMA is currently a secretariat staff of the House of Representatives Committee on Indigenous Cultural Communities and Indigenous Peoples under the chairpersonship of Hon. Nancy A. Catamco. Mr. Palma earned his Bachelor of Arts in History at the University of Santo Tomas in 2016 where is also taking up Master of Arts in History. He worked as an Auxiliar de Conversacion in La Rioja, Spain under the supervision of the Ministerio de Educacion - Conserjeria de Educacion, Formacion y Empleo de la Comunidad de La Rioja from 2016 to 2017. His research interests include ethnic history, church history, and cultural history.


A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE LEGISLATION OF THEURBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING ACT (UDHA) OF 1992

MA. DONNA S. REBONG Philippine Science High School-Main Campus

Currently, the Republic Act 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 o UDHA (Mga Batas, 1996) is the primarily law which embodies the government’s

principles and program regarding the urban poor sector. The UDHA became law on March 24, 1992 after years of deliberations, debates and discussions in the Congress. This law is a result of the consolidation of House Bill (HB) 34310i and Senate Bill (SB) 234ii. It is believed to be the answer to the decade-long struggle of the urban poor for their rights. However, should this law be assessed as such? With its more than 20 years of implementation and the continuous struggle of the urban poor sector against demolitions, it becomes more urgent to put this law in retrospect to assess its real worth for the society.

As an initial answer to the question, this paper aims to provide assessment and evaluation of the Republic Act 7279 or the UDHA Law. This assessment was done by tracing back the process of legislation which the law had undergone and by closely scrutinizing some of its crucial provisions. On this manner, this paper would discuss the different factors which affect the legislation of UDHA Law and the conflicting interests inherent in the said legislation. This paper historicizes the legislation of RA 7279, situating the analysis of its provision within the given context of socio-political settings under the Cory Aquino administration. It provides information on the different perspectives of various sectors (e.g. urban poor groups, landowners, real estate developers, government officials) who participated in the deliberations and creation of this urban development and housing law. It also provides an initial assessment on the implementation of UDHA and proposed revisions based on this assessment.

MA. DONNA S. REBONG is currently the Head of the Social Science Unit of Philippine Science High School-Main Campus. She teaches History for six years and has a rank of Special Science Teacher IV. She graduated from the University of the Philippines-Diliman with a BA History Degree in 2009 and a MA History Degree in 2017. Her undergraduate thesis titled “Batas ng Republika 7279: Isang Paglayo ng Pamahalaang Aquino sa Programa sa Reporma sa Lupang Urban na Itinakda ng Saligang Batas ng 1987” while her Master’s thesis titled “A Historical Study of the American Colonial Policies on the Insane and the Disabled (1903-1935).”


REDISCOVERING MUSEO DE LA SALLE BACOLOD:A DOCUMENTATION OF NEGROS HISTORY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE

SHEILA TAMAÑO- UYUniversity of St. La Salle

This study aimed to document the relevant and significant role of the artifacts found in Vega, Ledesma and Esteban Collections of Museo De La Salle Bacolod, the University

based Museum of University of St. La Salle Bacolod, to Negros history and cultural heritage. The study conducted a historical research to give a thorough description of the artifacts including their history , usage , relevance and significance to the lives of the Negrenses. These historical information include the artifacts’ historical background, historical value and as well as cultural values which include their religious and social practices and beliefs.

It used the descriptive method with historical research design. One on one interview with museum curators and historians was the basis of the primary sources and collection of related literature from history books and internet sites are the basis of the secondary sources .

Findings of the study showed that these artifacts did not come from any town or city in Negros island, yet, they reveal interesting facts about Negros history and cultural heritage. Some of these traditions are even observed at the present time. The study’s documentation of the relationship and significance of these artifacts to the past and present lives of the Negrenses is believed to deliver interesting and relevant information to students, professionals and other visitors who visit the museum. It strengthened the educational pedagogy of considering museums as learning sites for history, art, sociology , literature and religious studies courses.

The documented historical and cultural information in relation to the artifacts of the 3 major collections will be the data to be incorporated to the creation of Museo De La Salle Bacolod Guide Book.

SHEILA TAMAÑO- UY, MAED is an Assistant Professor at the University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City. She is teaching Social Science and Education subjects. Her advocacy is on making the teaching of Social Science courses more relevant, interesting, diverse , and value-laden. She is now finishing her Doctoral Degree in Philosophy of Education major in Social Science from West Visayas State University, Iloilo City. Her research interest is on history, education, indigenous people , and marginalized sectors . She is a proud member of Philippine Historical Association,Inc.


THE ROLE OF AIMS MUSEO MARITIMO IN RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS ON PHILIPPINE MARITIME HISTORY

JASPER CHRISTIAN L. GAMBITO AIMS Museo Maritimo

Maritime history is a very broad subject matter. Strictly speaking, maritime history in the Philippines can be stretched back to the times of the Manunggul Jar, the stone

adzes excavated from various archaeological sites in the country, and of course, the famous balangay or rather, butuan boats. Generally speaking, we are not talking about hundred years or so, but rather, thousands of years, even from the time of the Austronesians. The Philippines, being an archipelagic country could boast its rich maritime heritage. However, it is sad to say that many Filipinos knew only a little about it. Many of us don’t know that we had this very long line of maritime tradition. It is therefore a challenge for AIMS’ Museo Maritimo to raise this maritime awareness, not only to the maritime students and members of the maritime industry, but also to the general public. In its nearly six (6) years of existence, it had been involved to different research activities and community engagements such us organizing free seminars or lecture-series, national forum, as well as coming-up with exhibits which are relevant to the present-day issues like the West Philippine Sea territorial dispute. All these efforts were done in order to show the public of its commitment to raise awareness on our maritime heritage. This paper presentation aims to show the following: (a) vision of the administration of the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies to come up with a maritime museum to showcase the rich Philippine maritime heritage; and (b) the steps taken by the administration of AIMS Museo Maritimo in realizing its vision in making the public aware on our maritime history.

JASPER CHRISTIAN L. GAMBITO worked as a Social Studies teacher at the De La Salle University Integrated School. He served as curator of Museo Maritimo of the Asian Institute of Maritime Studies (AIMS) wherein he also served as a parttime instructor at the said institution. He obtained his Bachelor’s Degree in History (Cum Laude) from the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) and is currently completing his Master’s Degree in History at the De La Salle University – Manila.


THE MUSEO OBLATO; AN ECCLESIASTICAL MUSEUM OF THE OBLATES OF MARY IMMACULATE IN MIDSAYAP, COTABATO

MICHAEL JUNE A. GUILOREZAXavier University, Cagayan De Oro

The Museo Oblato is the first museum established in the town of Midsayap. Organized by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, the museum is ecclesiastical in nature. The

collection within the museum includes early church records of the Santo Niño Parish church of the town, antique religious images and artefacts of the Catholic Church and its believers, some are said to be miraculous. As well as religious artefacts of migrant settlers who arrived in the area beginning in the second decade of the 20th century. The paper will provide an overview of the history of the town of Midsayap as a destination for migrant settlers in Mindanao, the History and ministry of the Oblates of Mary Immaculate in the area and a presentation and discussion of the holdings and collection found inside the Museo Oblato.

The researcher is a former college instructor of History in the tertiary level at Southern Christian College in the town of Midsayap and is now finishing his thesis for his Masters of Arts in History degree at Xavier University, Cagayan De Oro City.


THE FILIPINO TRAGEDY

VIRGILIO C LEYNES TUKLAS Filipinas, Inc.

The Filipino-American war resulted not only in the conquest of the Philippine islands by the United States but also ushered in the transformation of the Filipino from the

patriotic to the servile whose descendants today are grappling with national identity and a damaged culture. The war was marked by deception, mockery, and atrocities with the singular purpose of enforcing U.S. President McKinley’s dream of putting the Philippines on the map of the United States. This McKinley’s misadventure would have been exposed as an ugly blot on the glorious pages of American democratic heritage had it not been for the deliberate efforts to minimize, if not totally eliminate, the memory of the war which was carried out through deliberate re-education. The result was a new Filipino who is bereft of history and demonstrable national identity. The need of today is to reclaim the patriotic character of the muddled past and use it to inspire and guide efforts towards the path to national liberation to uplift the Filipino people from ignorance, apathy, and poverty.

VIRGILIO C LEYNES is a retired Certified Public Accountant. He was formerly Managing Partner of the now defunct Carlos J Valdes & Co., a professional firm of CPAs. He also occupied various executive positions in private commercial and industrial companies. He graduated from the University of the Philippines in 1962, with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration (BSBA), major in Accounting. In his retirement, while on vacation in the United States, he accidentally stumbled into the digital library of the University of Michigan where an abundance of books and materials that contain information about the period when the United States took over from Spain as the colonial master of the Philipine islands was readily accessible through the internet. After a months of intensive research and study, he came up with a website where his observation, comments and conclusions are published. The article, “The Filipino Tragedy”, is based on one of the blogs in the website: http://www.macapili-filipino.blogspot.com.


RECOGNIZING THE INDISPENSABLE ROLE OF FREEMASONRY IN THE FOUNDATION OF THE FILIPINO NATION

ATTY. TEODORO KALAW IVAsian Center, University of the Philippines

Despite that fact that the late Emilio Aguinaldo has emphasized that “[t]he successful Revolution of 1896 was masonically inspired, masonically led, and masonically

executed”, material and discussion on the role of the social institution known as Freemasonry in history texts and instructional materials is both sparse or grossly inaccurate. Because of such lack of content, the national dialogue on the roots and foundation of the Filipino nation, particularly as this is presented in local history courses, is inherently incomplete. Three primary forces drive this inadequacy:• The inability of many past and current historians to adequately comprehend and explain

Masonic concepts and traditions primarily becauseoftheir“outsider”perspectiveasnon-members;

• The efforts by certain sectors to deliberately misrepresent the aims and nature of the Fraternity in order to specifically promote their own vested interests;and

• The appearance and spread of groups claiming some affiliation with Masonic heritage but which are not in fact representative of the actual institution.There is therefore a compelling need to adequately address this situation, particularly with

regard to accurately presenting and depicting the role of Freemasonry as a social institution in the founding of the Filipino Nation despite the continued presence of the forces described above. Such is not an impractical task, as Freemasonry has continued to thrive in the country through the growthand development of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Philippines. The paper therefore concludes by exploring potential avenues for cooperation between the Filipino historical community and local regular Freemasons.

TEODORO KALAW IV is a practicing attorney, Chartered Arbitrator, and corporate director who is completing a Ph.D. in Philippine Studies with an interdisciplinary focus on governance, development, and culture at the Asian Center of the University of the Philippines. A Professor of Law at Ateneo Law School where he teaches Corporate Governance for the J.D. Program and Intellectual Property Management and Enforcement for the school’s pioneering LL.M. Program in intellectual property, Atty. Kalaw received his Master of Laws (concentrations in corporate finance and electronic commerce) from Harvard Law School in 2001. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Management from the Ateneo de Manila University in 1993 and his Juris Doctor degree, with 2nd Honors, from the same university in 1997. He obtained his Master in Public Administration degree with the Dean’s Medal for a near-perfect grade average from the National College of Public Administration and Governance of the University of the Philippines in 2010 and his Master of Business Administration degree with the joint Executive Master of Business Administration Program of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University of the United States and the Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Business School in the People’s Republic of China in 2012. In 2015, He obtained a Master of Studies in Sustainability Leadership at Wolfson College of the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, with his dissertation as supervised by the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership on “Integrating Sustainability Into Corporate Strategy and Governance in the Philippine Setting: A Comparative Study of Best Practices of Publicly-Listed Corporations Recognized for their Sustainability Leadership”.


THE ELITES, COLLABORATION AND THE PEOPLE’S COURT

ELIZAR J. ZAMORA, PH.D.Far Eastern University

The three years of Japanese Occupation of the country has spawned the issue of collaboration that once bitterly divided the Filipino people. Burdened with enormous

problems after the war, the state was obligated to uphold its ideals and laws against those who debased it. The indictment of the elite in the People’s Court who “collaborated” with Japanese proved to be a travesty of justice as almost all of them were exonerated of the multiple counts of treason imputed to them. The failure of the People’s Court exposed the weak nature of the Philippine state and at the same time showed the overwhelming power of the elite. Its brief existence did serve, among others, in downplaying the explosiveness of collaboration issue rather than in resolving it. Thus, the manner of resolving the social crisis then needs to be revisited and analyze as the issue of collaboration which brought great damage to the moral fiber of the country remains unresolved. This paper will try to re-examine and analyze the People’s Court weak role in the prosecution of “collaborationists elite” in the context of the country’s colonial and post-colonial politics using the “weak state- strong society paradigm. This paradigm provides us a better alternative for it provides a sharper focus on the dynamics of colonial interaction rather than simply confined between heroic resistance and treasonable collaboration approach. It is through this framework that by associating the state rather than disconnecting it from powerful social forces we get a better view in understanding the helplessness of the People’s Court in solving the collaboration question. This paper employing the documentary analysis or content analysis method of research demonstrates that from the very start the People’s Court was destined to fail, and its constitution was indirectly proportional to its avowed tasks.

ELIZAR J. ZAMORA obtained his Ph. D. in Southeast Asian Studies at Centro Escolar University Manila, Master of Arts in History at Ateneo de Manila University, Bachelor of Laws at the University of the East Manila, and Bachelor of Arts (Political Science) and Foundation University – Dumaguete City. He is Associate Professor 1 – Political Science and History Department, Far Eastern University Manila.


FROM INITIATION TO IMMOBILISM: AMERICAN SUPPRESSION OF THE BIRTH OF INDEPENDENT PHILIPPINE FOREIGN POLICY FROM 1946-1965

ARCHIE B. RESOS, PHDUniversity of Santo Tomas

Since the American occupation of the Philippines in the latter part of the 19th century, the country has patterned its political, economic, and socio-cultural landscape on that of

the United States of America. In the mind of Renato Constantino: “Four decades of American occupation had shaped Philippine society in the American image and had instilled in most Filipinos a colonial mentality which effectively eroded the revolutionary consciousness that had been attained at the turn of the century.”

A close and intimate dependence of the Philippines on the United States of America emerged in post-World War II era. The ravages of the war attracted the Filipinos to seek American aid to rebuild the country. This has not gone without any strings attached. Philippine presidents started to seek approval of the United States of America to gain momentum in their respective administrations.

Thus, from President Roxas’ to President Macapagal’s term, the rehabilitation of the Philippines could only be possible through strong American reliance. The granting of independence in 1946 did not diminish American control in the Philippines. Economic dependence was fostered with American imposed trading concessions and exploitation of Philippine natural resources as shown in the Parity Rights of 1946.

It was during the Presidency of Manuel Roxas that the Philippines was granted independence and hence the initiation of an independent foreign policy was planned by the new administration. However from Roxas to Magsaysay administration, strong American reliance was evident because of the international and local events used by the Americans to control Philippine foreign policy. During the Garcia administration, veering away from American dependence was seen through the Filipino first policy until the conspicuous changing of the independence day from July 4 to June 12, under the Macapagal administration. All these moves had been suppress by American influence. Using the Mendicant-Patriarchalism Theory of Anthony Woodiwiss, this paper will answer the main question: How did the United States suppress the birth of an independent foreign policy from its initiation to its immobilism by the Americans.

DR. ARCHIE B. RESOS has a Bachelor’s Degree in Asian Studies from the University of Santo Tomas, Faculty of Arts and Letters. He finished his master’s degree in Asian Studies from the Asian Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman in partnership with Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea in 2008 as a Senator Edgardo Angara and Korean Women’s Association Scholar. His master’s thesis is titled “From Dictatorship to Democracy (1980s-2005): Tracing the Changing Contours of South Korean Political Landscape.” He has a Ph.D. in History at the University of Santo Tomas. His dissertation is titled “Charting a New Diplomatic Direction: The Foreign Policy of Ferdinand Marcos with the Socialist Countries” graduating as Summa Cum Laude of UST Graduate School batch 2014. His research interest include Philippine foreign policy, gender studies and South Korean democratization process. Professor Resos is teaching diplomatic history, philosophy of history and archeology at the University of Santo Tomas, Faculty of Arts and Letters, Manila, Philippines.


WINNING FILIPINO HEARTS AND MINDS: FILIPINO NATION-STATE MAKING DURING THE MAGSAYSAY YEARS, 1953 TO 1957

TRISTAN MIGUEL OSTERIAAteneo de Manila University

The Ramon Magsaysay years (1953-1957) have often been dismissed by historians, commentators and observers as a period where Filipinos were said to be passive and

helpless puppets. Lost in the mists was the rich story of Filipino renaissance in indigenous agency both domestically and internationally. This period saw the Filipino government and people from all ethnicities, sectors and backgrounds who worked to unite a Filipino nation. Moreover, Filipino anti-communism was critical in the government consolidation of support from barrios across the islands. The national and the local shared powers and responsibilities. Major changes took place in Filipino culture where the Catholic Church, a guardian of Filipino society, accommodated changes to the Filipino educational curriculum. With the Huk threat defeated by the people, the government integrated Filipino-Chinese within the united Filipino nation. The government also resolved the status of US bases. Filipinos assumed leadership in foreign relations through participation in international alliances and conferences such as SEATO and the Bandung AfroAsian Conference. The paper concludes that the Magsaysay years were a golden period for indigenous Filipino nation-state making, and as a successful multiethnic and multisectoral Filipino experiment in liberal democracy and economic development.

This paper consulted primary sources such as magazines, US State Department reports, memorandums, and policy documents from the holdings of the Harry S. Truman Library and Institute in Independence, Missouri, the National Archives and Records Administration in College Park, Maryland, and the Library of Congress in Washington D.C. Filipino sources included newspaper articles from Manila Times and the Daily Mirror from the Lopez Library, and articles from This Week magazine from the Ortigas Foundation Library. Secondary sources came from works by scholars that range in perspectives on the Magsaysay years.

TRISTAN MIGUEL OSTERIA graduated with a history Ph.D. from Texas A&M University. He was a recipient of the Truman Library Research Grant and of the Vision 2020 Dissertation Enhancement Award. Dr. Osteria has presented conference papers in the United States and in Asia. Dr. Osteria has taught university-level classes both in the United States and in the Philippines. He took his MA and AB with Ateneo, and has taught there. His academic interests include US history and foreign relations, Western history, Non-Western history, the Global South and Philippine History. Dr. Osteria has also been doing library and archival work. He is currently working as a library consultant with the Ortigas Foundation.

P H I L I P P I N E H I S T O R I C A L A S S O C I AT I O NPhilippine Social Science Council, Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City

BOARD OF TRUSTEES(2016-2018)

PresidentDR. EMMANUEL F. CALAIRO

De La Salle University-Dasmariñas

Vice President and Executive DirectorDR. FERNANDO A. SANTIAGO, JR.

De La Salle University-Manila

SecretaryJONATHAN C. BALSAMO

Museo Valenzuela

TreasurerDR. EVELYN A. SONGCOUniversity of Santo Tomas

Public Relations OfficerMICHAEL CHARLESTON B. CHUA


Editor-In-Chief, Historical BulletinDR. MA. LUISA T. CAMAGAY

University of the Philippines Diliman

Board Members:

GLORIA E. MELENCIOUniversity of the Philippines Los Baños

Immediate Past PresidentDR. LUIS C. DERY


DR. ESTRELLITA MUHIUniversity of the East (Retired)

DR. ARLENE D. CALARAUniversity of Santo Tomas

JAMES S. GUIDANGENKalinga State University

DR. EVELYN A. MIRANDAUniversity of the Philippines Diliman (Retired)

Documents

Table of Contents - pha1955.compha1955.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Book-of-abstracts.pdf · Tungo sa Pagdalumat ng Kasaysayang Panlipunan ng Unibersidad” Romeo P. Peña, PhD