PRP Appendix

Table of ContentsFull Page Project Description...........................................................................................1Skills Checklist.................................................................................................................2Sensor Benchmarking......................................................................................................4Project Concept Methods.................................................................................................5Analysis Topics.................................................................................................................7Faculty Advisee Forms.....................................................................................................9Map of Lot N....................................................................................................................11

!Active Parking Space Monitoring MSDI: Winter 2012 MSDII: Spring 2012 Project Description: This project is founded on a desire for both high visibility of senior design on campus and to facilitate the commuter’s desire to easily identify lots with vacancies. This project tasks the team with designing an active monitoring system capable of tracking the available parking spaces of one lot at RIT. This system will employ sensors at the entrances/exits of a parking area to determine occupancy. The system will be a pilot program for future installments around RIT and will begin by monitoring Lot N (one inlet/outlet). This monitoring system will be responsible for tracking the overall lot occupancy, indicating the number of spots available or if the lot is full. The system must be capable of presenting this data to the commuter easily without distraction and be modular enough for future deployment in other lots around campus. The system ideally should run independently from the electrical grid at RIT and be field-programmable for lot capacity, data logging, and operation.

Tentative MSD Team: Primary Customer

• Randy Vercauteren – Director of Parking, Transportation, & Building Services o Collects Parking Data at RIT o Heavily Interested in Parking System

! For Easy Data Collection (Automated car counter instead of by hand) ! Commuter Ease (Directing Commuters)

Anticipated Team Requirements

• ME (2): Main Structure Design (Alignment and Leveling Systems), Lot Indication Structure & Electronics Structures • EE (2): Design of Sensing System, Design of Data Management System, Design of External UI • CE (1): System Integration and Control, Exterior Interfacing

Feasibility

• Benchmarking has shown first project concept can come in under $500 budget (IR Sensors) • Research indicates that a potential beam-breaking solution is possible with OTS components should other designs fail

Challenges/Robustness

• Needs to monitor/correct for count error • Must be able to remain stationary on multiple surfaces & remain level (for beam breaking) • Must determine the difference between a car vs. a pedestrian • Must remain operational in adverse weather conditions

Functional Decomposition

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!

Concept!Solution!

1""

Appendix"(PRP):"""Skills"Checklist"!Project"Name"(tentative):""" Active"Parking"Space"Monitoring""Checklist"Completed"by"(name):"""

"Tyler"Ludwig"

"For$each$discipline,$indicate$which$skills$or$knowledge$will$be$needed$by$students$working$on$the$associated$project,$and$rank%the%skills%in%order%of%importance$(1=highest$priority).$$You$may$use$the$same$number$multiple$times$to$indicate$equal$rank.$"Mechanical!Engineering!!2" 3D"CAD" " Aerodynamics"" MATLAB"programming" " CFD"2" Machining"(basic)" " Biomaterials"2" Stress"analysis"(2D)" " Vibrations"" Statics/dynamic"analysis"(2D)" " Combustion"engines"" Thermodynamics" " GD&T"(geometic"dimensioning"&"tolerancing)"" Fluid"dynamics"(CV)" " Linear"controls"" LabView"(data"acquisition,"etc.)" " Composites"" Statistics" " DFM"" " " Robotics"(motion"control)"1" FEA" " Composites"" Heat"transfer" " Other:"" Modeling"of"electromechanical"&"fluid"systems" " Other:"3" Fatigue"&"static"failure"criteria"(DME)" " Other:"" Specifying"machine"elements" " ""Reviewed"by"(ME"faculty):""" !"Industrial!&!Systems!Engineering!!" Statistical"analysis"of"data"–"regression" " Shop"floor"IE"–"methods,"time"study"" Materials"science" " Programming"(C++)"" Materials"processing"–"machining"lab" " "" Facilities"planning"–"layout,"material"handling" " DOE"" Production"systems"design"–"lean,"process"

improvement"" Systems"design"–"product/process"design"

" Ergonomics"–"interface"of"people"&"equipment"(procedures,"training,"maintenance)"

" Data"analysis,"data"mining"

" Math"modeling"–"linear"programming),"simulation" " Manufacturing"engr."" Project"management" " DFx"YY""Manuf.,"environment,"sustainability"" Engineering"economy"–"ROI" " Other:"" Quality"tools"–"SPC"" " Other:"" Production"control"–"scheduling" " Other:"!Reviewed"by"(ISE"faculty):""" !

2""

!Electrical!Engineering!"3" Circuit"design:"AC/DC"converters,"regulators,"

amplifier"ckts,"analog"filter"design,"FPGA"Logic"design,"sensor"bias/support"circuitry"

" Digital"filter"design"and"implementation,"DSP"

3" Power"systems:"selection,"analysis,"power"budget"determination"

1" Microcontroller"selection/application"

" System"analysis:"frequency"analysis"(Fourier,"Laplace),"stability,"PID"controllers,"modulation"schemes,"VCO’s"&"mixers,"ADC"selection"

" Wireless"protocol,"component"selection"

2" Circuit"build,"test,"debug"(scopes,"DMM,"function"generators)"

" Antenna"selection"(simple"design)"

1" Board"layout"(some"students)" " Communication"system"front"end"design"" MATLAB"(some"proficiency)" " Algorithm"design/simulation"2" PSpice" " Embedded"software""design/"

implementation"" Programming:"C,"Assembly"(some!proficiency)" " Other:""" Electromagnetics"(shielding,"interference)" " Other:"" " " Other:""Reviewed"by"(EE"faculty):""" !"Computer!Engineering!"2" Digital"design"(including"HDL"and"FPGA)" " Wireless"networks"" Software"for"microcontrollers"(including"Linux"and"

Windows)"" Robotics"(guidance,"navigation,"vision,"

machine"learning,"and"control)"1" Device"programming:""Assembly"language,"C" " Concurrent"and"embedded"software"" Programming:""Java,"C++" " Embedded"and"realYtime"systems"" Analog"design" " Digital"image"processing"" Networking"and"network"protocols" " Computer"vision"" Scientific"computing"(including"C"and"MATLAB)" " Network"security"" Signal"processing" " Other:""" Interfacing"transducers"and"actuators"to"

microcontrollers"" Other:"

" " " Other:"""Reviewed"by"(CE"faculty):""" !!"""

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Potential)Sensing)Solutions)

Passive)Infrared)Detectors))

Passive infrared detectors can supply vehicle passage and presence data, but not speed. They use an energy sensitive photon to measure the infrared energy emitted by objects in the detector’s field of view. Passive detectors do not transmit energy of their own. When a vehicle enters the detection zone, it produces a change in the energy normally measured from the road surface in the absence of a vehicle. The change in energy is proportional to the absolute temperature of the vehicle and the emissivity of the vehicle’s metal surface (emissivity is equal to the ratio of the energy actually emitted by a material to the energy emitted by a perfect radiator of energy at the same temperature). The difference in energy that reaches the detector is reduced when there is water vapor, rain, snow, or fog in the atmosphere. For the typical distance of traffic monitoring applications with this type of detector, these atmospheric conditions may not produce significant performance losses.

Active Infrared Detectors

The most popular types of active infrared detectors use a laser diode to transmit energy in the near infrared spectrum, a portion of which is reflected back into the receiver of the detector from a vehicle in its field of view. Laser radars can supply vehicle passage, presence, and speed information. Speed is measured by noting the time it takes a vehicle to cross two infrared beams that are scanned across the road surface a known distance apart. Some laser radar models also have the ability to classify vehicles by measuring and identifying their profiles. Other types of active infrared detectors use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the signal source.

Ultrasonic Detectors

Ultrasonic vehicle detectors can be designed to receive range and speed data. However, the most prevalent and low-cost ultrasonic detectors are those that measure range to provide vehicle passage and presence data only. The ultrasonic Doppler detector that also measures vehicle speed is an order of magnitude more expensive than the presence detector. Ultrasonic detectors transmit sound at 25 KHz to 50 KHz . These frequencies lie above the audible region. A portion of the transmitted energy is reflected from the road or vehicle surface into the receiver portion of the instrument and is processed to give vehicle passage and presence. A typical ultrasonic presence detector transmits ultrasonic energy in the form of pulses. The measurement of the round-trip time it takes for the pulse to leave the detector, bounce off a surface, and return to the detector is proportional to the range from the detector to the surface.

Passive Acoustic Detectors

Vehicles produce acoustic energy or audible sound from a variety of sources within the vehicle and from the interaction of the vehicle’s tires with the road surface. Arrays of acoustic microphones are used to pick up these sounds from a focused area within a lane on a roadway. When a vehicle passes through the detection zone, the signal-processing algorithm detects an increase in sound energy and a vehicle presence signal is generated. When the vehicle leaves the detection zone, the sound energy decreases below the detection threshold and vehicle presence signal is no longer generated, thus indicating a count.

Magnetometer Detector

Vehicles are comprised of ferrous metals, thus can be detected by a magnetic field. A magnetometer measured the magnetic field and can detect vehicles by measuring the change in the Earth’s magnetic field caused by the presence of a vehicle near the sensor. In addition to vehicle sensing, a setup with two sensor nodes placed a few feet apart can estimate speed and direction of travel of the passing vehicle. This solution provides increased fidelity in filtering the object that passes through the detection system by eliminating the unintended detection of extra-vehicular traffic.

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Satellite Image of Lot N, Courtesy of Google