822 ID98 ^Tai . i ')'• 70 ;J0 ei!M BO

LessonsLearned

DemandOwnership

Sustainability

RWSG-EAPAugust 1998

' Mutual learning' 'fromfield mission in Indonesia

..Overview: ... ,

Findings from a field mission toCentral and West Java, Indone-sia, undertaken by RWSG-EAP inFebruary 1997, added furthercredence to the fact that lessonslearned in one place are oftenapplicable in others. So thatsharing experiences is an effectiveway to stop re-inventing thewheel. The specific purpose ofthis mission was to learn fromthe planning, implementation andpost-implementation experiencesof various Community ManagedRural Water Supply andSanitation (CMRWSS) Projects inIndonesia, and share thesefindings with water andsanitation programs elsewherein the region.

RWSG-EAP mission team memberscomprised Alfred Lambertus(Jakarta), Thanh Nguyen Cong(Hanoi) and Santanu Lahiri(Vientiane). Local partnersincluded community membersfrom Cibodas, Babakan Leungsir,Tanjungkarang, Umbulharjo,Piyanggang and Sepakuiigvillages.

Contributors: Thanh Nguyen Cong e-mail; nthcinh@Wofldbank.org Tel: (84-4) 8437569 • Alfred Lambertus e-mail:alarnbertus@worldbank.org Tel; (62-21) 52993003 • Santanu Lahiri e-mail: slahin@worldbank.org Tel: (856-21) 413710

The four different types of projects visitedwere implemented by:

••* NGO and Community partnership (PESATProject)

•"NGO, Community and. Governmentpartnership (CARE2 Project)

• .NGO, Community and Governmentpartnership (WSSL1C3 Project, World Bank)

••• Community and Government partnership(VIP4 Project, World Bank).

The Regional Water and Sanitation Group forEast Asia and the Pacific (RWSG-EAP), hasbeen assisting the Indonesian Governmentwith the preparation of the Water Supply andSanitation Project for Low IncomeCommunities (WSSLIC), This project isreaching an estimated 2 million people in1400 unserved and under-served villages ofcentral and eastern Indonesia, to providethem with safe, adequate, reliable and easilyaccessible water supply and sanitationservices. The 5-year project, started in 1993,has been an innovative one for theIndonesian Government, where tfie strongtradition of centralized management hasbeen replaced by a decentralized and moredemand-driven approach.

RWSG-EAP is involved in a number of studiesto draw lessons from ongoing projects.These include the comparative study on VIP& WSSLIC, which will form part of the GlobalRWSS Study; the Study of Community-basedApproaches used in Unicef's Water andEnvironmental Sanitation (WES) Program inIndonesia; the Sil'AS study (SistemPenyediaan Air Bersih Sederhana. or "simplesystem for provision of clean water").

L e s s o n s L e a r n e d : '','. ......... ...

-The"poorest can provide 100% of projectcosts if the. approach for social pre-paration is appropriate, and they can makeinformed choices out of available optionsfor services.

• The comparatively poor village of BabakanLeungsir showed enthusiasm and willing-ness in its plan to pay back the entire 100%of project, costs (l.JS$ 8000 - 1996 $ rate)

within 40 months to PESAT, an NGO, for thescheme commissioned in February '97.

• Poor villagers of Tanjungkarang took theinitiative in paying 70% of project costs, aswell as saving 600 meters of pipe length, bydigging 6 tunnels to bring spring water totheir hamlets. They have been operatingand maintaining the scheme effectively forthe last few years, without any external,incentives.

• In Sepakung, villagers initially paid 20% ofproject cost, but later expanded the schemeon their own.

These successes were mainly due to effectiveparticipatory planning and availability ofoptions from which to make an informedchoice, supported by appropriate socialpreparation (average time 4 to 5 months),which triggered ownership withincommunities regarding the schemes.

the

Tlie. Tunnel: a community initiative to dig through the hilland save on pipe costs.

'PESAT: Yayasdn Pengernbangan Swadaya Masyarakat or the Foundation few Community Self-help, an NGO formed in1991 • 2CARE International • :>iWaler Supply and Sanitation Project for Low Income Communities • ''VillageInfrastructure Project.

" " . . . L I B R A R Y I R C , • ' ' " • • • " " • • • - • • - • • ••'• ' • - - • • - - •

P Q B o x 9 3 1 9 0 , 2 R 0 : " ; A D T H E - H A G U E • • ' • ' • • • • • • " • ' •••' . , . . . • • • • • • ' . • • • • • • . • • " . ' • .•••

Tel.:+3- ' -0 689 80 •••••' " • •••• •••' ••' ' . .•• . , • ' ' ' •••' ' 2

. • , • • • • • • . . . F a x : + 3 : r i , 3 5 8 9 9 8 4 ••. • • ' • • • , . . . • . , y . - • • • ' , ' " • " " " , ' . , • • '

BARCODE: /'$ Q ('Q • " " " • / ' • - • • " • • " • • • " - " ' . • • • ' • • • : ' : ' • ' / : : • • • • • • " " " . " " - • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • , • 'LO: : : : ; l

Participatory ••''assessment of demandcreates total involvement of the community.

• Demand can be accurately identified by thecommunity, through facilitation by expertsin participatory approaches. Dedicated fieldsupervisors from CARE and PESATremained in the field throughout socialpreparation. For the WSSLIC Project, fieldfacilitators visited regularly to conductsocial preparation sessions.

WSSI.IO 200/1 tiler water lank for a gravity-fed svstern chosenbv the. community from a range of teclinologv options,

• Social preparation depends upon thededication and skills of the field facilitators.Effective social preparation helps thecommunity to identify and prioritize itsneeds and preferences.

Demand creates ownership and ownershiptriggers system sustainability.

• Demand creates ownership within thecommunity, which is demonstrated laterthrough the community's decision-making,commitment, contribution and involvementin every stage of the scheme. The amountof contribution (100% to nil) by thecommunity is a direct reflection of theirownership, and internal ization of theconcept of CMWSS Projects. Participatorydemand assessment creates the willingnessto invest.

Project planning and implementation at thelowest appropriate level maximizes the useof local information,

• RWSS Projects planned and implemented atthe lowest appropriate level allows forthe inclusion of maximum localinformation, which helps the community inresource mobilization.

• The communities that showed maximumownership and paid the maximumcontribution felt that CMWSS Projects workbetter if they are planned at hamlet level.The findings at hamlet level can then beintegrated/summarized at village level.

Tasking neighborhood responsibilities,developing 'neighborhood-village' activecoordination and open, transparentaccounting creates confidence in water-sanitation committees,

• The user communities that institutionalizedtheir organization for managing theservices by developing a neighborhoodcommittee, were more effective inoperating and maintaining the system.

• Transparent: accounting, open toobservation by the community, createdgreater confidence in the Water Committeestaff, which resulted in better responsefrom the community.

WSSLIC: a community participation session: finding out whatthey need.

For further information, please contact:

Alfred LambertusRural Water Supply and Sanitation SpecialistJakarta Slock Exchange Building Tower 2, 13th floorJl. Jenderal Sudirman Kan. 52-53, SCBDJakarta 12190, IndonesiaPhone: (62-21) 52993003Fax: (62-21) 52993004e-mail: alambertus@worMbank.org

Thanh Nguyen CongCountry Program Manager andUrban Environmental Sanitation Specialist53 1'ran Phu StreetHanoi, VietnamPhone: (84-4) 843 7569Fax: (844)8432471•e-mail: nthanh@worldbank.org

^ W i j j V * . : : - '. •

^ ^ ; & p ' i ; : ! ; ! i i i i ? ; ; ^ ; : i l i ; ' ; ! ; ! • : • ••;'••' ' : ["•!•• .•!;•/• ::!;•!::•'/ii-i•';.- ••.••i"-'":!:,:'''1' '.'•:• ' • ' :".. i . i : ' ' :' ::::::--";::!^'i-

^ , ; i : | l . . . • ., . • ; . ; : • • : - . ^ ^ . i ; ? < ; • • i ••;•.;;: .C;:"7 -. ; • ' ' ..: ' ' : ?•*"-?;•• •;'?..,i;:i,i.: . . : . • •

;. - . i ' • • • • • • • • • • • •• • . ; • • • • • ! • . • : ' • • • : • . . • ;

v i ' - / i i i 1 . ) 1 , . . . . . . . - • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . • : . . . . . ' . • . . • . • : ; • • . •

• . ; > • ! ; ; < ; ! ; : • • • • • • • • • ; • • • • • • • ' . • • • • ; • • : . : • ; ; . , . • • . . • • . . - • ' . . - ' r ' " . . . . - y : • :

• A i ^ i - ' i : ! ; ^ . : ' J I - - : i i > - ! - . ; - . , : : i , : > ; : : : < ^ , : . . m i % > ? p : & . . . . / : : .."•.•• . . " ^ : i ; ! - : ; • v . S :

;11 i::S;:;'-y-^S':^ '.'^:m?^h^c:h\,i,•'•}.::-"•• :-•; • >•::-fr:.'IS;

REGIONALHEADQUARTERS

AND COUNTRY OFFICE

INDONESIAMailing Addms:

Jakarta Stock Exchange BujldirtgTower 2,13th flooi"

JI. Jcndcral Siidirman Kav. 52-53, SCBDJakarta 12190, IndonesiaPhone: [G2,f\) 52993003

rax; (62.21) 52993004

COUNTRY OFFICES

CHINAMailing Address;

c/o WORLD BANK, E.G. BOX 802Beijing 100027, China

Street Address:MOP-World Bank Water & Sanitation Programih floor, H-J, Building A, Fuhua Mansion No.SChaovangnicn, BcidajiL-, Don^chcng Districr

Beijing 100027, C:hinaPhone: (86-10) 6554 1762,6554 1763 (DL)

/vav (86-10) 6554 1764

LAO I»DRMailing Address:

MDP World Bank MRiter &r Sanitation Ptogranila UNDP, V.O. R(H 345, Vientiane, Tao PDR

Stleet Address:SIDP-World Bank Water & Sanitation ProgramJo Nauotuii WaLcr Supply and EnvironmentalHrakh Ptograitinle, Ministry of Public Healdi

Junction oi'JTiai Luang/NongboiiVientiane, Lio PDR

Phone/Fax: (856-2.1) 413 710

MONGOLIAMuilin^Addresi:

c/o UNDP, lit). Box 49/207Ulaan Raatai-13, Mongolia

PHIIJPPINESMailing Address:

c/o WORLD BANK23/F Tiip.in Place Building

Emeralda Avenue, Ortigas CenterPcis.1̂ ; City, Manila, Philippines

Phone: (63-2) 637 5855-64Fax: (63-2) 637 5870; 917 3050-51

VIETNAMMailingAddress:

c/o WORLD BANKNDP-World Bank Water tk Sanitation Program

Vietnam Counriy OfHce53 Tnin Phu Street, t lanoi, Vietnam

Phone; (84-4) 843 2461 -66Fax: (84-4) 843 2471