Take Practice Test: On a separate sheet of paper write down numbers 1-75.

1.

2.

3. through 75. Indicate which ones you got correct with + or - . Use the grade breakdown to check your score.

A 71-75 213-225 B 64-70 192-210 C 53-63 159-189 D 46-52 138-156F 0-45 0 -135

Grade# Correct Points Earned

This is the Benchmark Grade Breakdown

California Standards Test Released Questions Page1CST Released Test CST Released Test

QuestionsQuestions

BiologyBiology

1. Two students were testing the1. Two students were testing theamount of fertilizer that would best amount of fertilizer that would best

promote the growth of strawberries in a promote the growth of strawberries in a garden. Which of the following could be garden. Which of the following could be an unavoidable source of experimental an unavoidable source of experimental

error?error?

A.A. length of the study length of the study

B.B. variation in the strawberry plantsvariation in the strawberry plants

C.C. the cost of watering the plants the cost of watering the plants

D.D. fertilization during the study fertilization during the study

2. In most stable freshwater environments, 2. In most stable freshwater environments, populations of populations of Daphnia Daphnia are almost entirely are almost entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, female and reproduce asexually. However,

males are observed in low oxygen males are observed in low oxygen environments or when food is scarce. Based environments or when food is scarce. Based

on these observations, a researcher suggests on these observations, a researcher suggests that male that male Daphnia Daphnia develop in response to develop in response to

unfavorable environmental conditions.unfavorable environmental conditions. This is This is

an example of aan example of a

A A result.result.

B B theory.theory.

C C procedure.procedure.

D D hypothesis.hypothesis.

3. A computer model of cellular mitosis can simulate the aspects of cellular

division quite well. However, microscopic observation of actual cellular mitosis can

improve understanding because actual observations

A.A. may reveal greater unknown complexities. may reveal greater unknown complexities.

B.B. are easier than a computer model to view. are easier than a computer model to view.

C.C. are the same each time. are the same each time.

D.D. may provide division events in sequence. may provide division events in sequence.

4. After a volcanic eruption has covered an area w ith lava, which of

the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area?

A A lichens lichens ?? grasses grasses ?? shrubs shrubs ?? trees trees

B B mosses mosses ?? grasses grasses ?? lichens lichens ?? trees trees

C C grasses grasses ?? trees trees ?? mosses mosses ?? lichens lichens

D D shrubs shrubs ?? grasses grasses ?? trees trees ?? lichens lichens

5. When the Mount St. Helens volcano 5. When the Mount St. Helens volcano erupted, the blast covered much of the erupted, the blast covered much of the

surrounding area with ash. Based on the surrounding area with ash. Based on the diagram above, which list shows the diagram above, which list shows the

sequence of secondary succession that sequence of secondary succession that followed that eruption?followed that eruption?

A A X, Y, Z, WX, Y, Z, W

BB Z, X, Y, WZ, X, Y, W

C C W, Y, X, ZW, Y, X, Z

DD Z, Y, W, XZ, Y, W, X

6. The diagram below shows Rosalind 6. The diagram below shows Rosalind FranklinFranklin’’s xs x--ray diffraction image of DNA.ray diffraction image of DNA.

How did this evidence affect the How did this evidence affect the work of Watson and Crick?work of Watson and Crick?

A.A. It was used to determine the It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA.physical structure of DNA.

B.B. It was used to identify the four It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA.bases that make up DNA.

C.C. It was used to develop the theory It was used to develop the theory of independent assortment.of independent assortment.

D.D. It was used to show that DNA It was used to show that DNA was the molecule of inheritance.was the molecule of inheritance.

7. The cell membrane of the red blood 7. The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. dioxide, and glucose to pass through.

Because other substances are blocked Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is calledfrom entering, this membrane is called

A A perforated.perforated.

B B semisemi--permeable.permeable.

C C nonnon--conductive.conductive.

D D permeable.permeable.

8. What causes tomatoes to ripen much 8. What causes tomatoes to ripen much more slowly in a refrigerator than they more slowly in a refrigerator than they

do if left on a table at room temperature?do if left on a table at room temperature?

A A Tomatoes need sunlight to ripen.Tomatoes need sunlight to ripen.

B B Humidity accelerates the ripening process.Humidity accelerates the ripening process.

C C Low temperatures reduce the action of Low temperatures reduce the action of ripening enzymes.ripening enzymes.

D D Enzymes produced by bacteria inhibit Enzymes produced by bacteria inhibit ripening. ripening.

9. There are many different 9. There are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of enzymes located in the cytoplasm of

a single cell. How is a specific a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific

reaction?reaction?

A A Different enzymes are synthesized in specific Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm. areas of the cytoplasm.

B B Most enzymes can catalyze many different Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions. reactions.

C C An enzyme binds to a specific substrate An enzyme binds to a specific substrate (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed. (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed.

D D Enzymes are transported to specific substrates Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes. (reactants) by ribosomes.

10. Which10. Whichoftheseofthese best best completes completes

this concept this concept map? map?

A A an animal cellan animal cellB B a prokaryotic cella prokaryotic cell

C C a virusa virusD D a plant cella plant cell

11. Eukaryotic cells are 11. Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic differentiated from prokaryotic

cells because eukaryotic cellscells because eukaryotic cells

A A are much smaller.are much smaller.

B B have permeable membranes.have permeable membranes.

C C have a higher rate of reproduction.have a higher rate of reproduction.

D D have nuclei.have nuclei.

13. The first stage of 13. The first stage of photosynthesis in a photosynthesis in a

chloroplast ischloroplast is

A A lightlight--dependent.dependent.

B B temperaturetemperature--dependent.dependent.

C C glucoseglucose--driven.driven.

D D ATPATP--driven.driven.

12. Which cellular organelle is 12. Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the responsible for packaging the

proteins that the cell secretes?proteins that the cell secretes?

A A CytoplasmCytoplasm

B B Cell MembraneCell Membrane

C C LysosomeLysosome

D D Golgi Golgi ApparatusApparatus

California Standards Test Released Questions Page214. A cell from heart muscle 14. A cell from heart muscle

would would probably probably have an have an unusually high proportion ofunusually high proportion of

A A lysosomes.lysosomes.

B B mitochondria.mitochondria.

C C mRNA.mRNA.

D D Golgi bodies.Golgi bodies.

15. In aerobic respiration, the 15. In aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle Krebs cycle

(citric acid cycle) takes place in(citric acid cycle) takes place in

A A chloroplasts.chloroplasts.

B B nuclei.nuclei.

C C lysosomes.lysosomes.

D D mitochondria.mitochondria.

16. Which of the following 16. Which of the following best best describes meiosis?describes meiosis?

A A It is carried out in all tissues that require It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement. cell replacement.

B B It occurs only in cells in the reproductive It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism. structures of the organism.

C C It happens in all tissues except the brain It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord. and spinal cord.

D D It is the first stage of mitosis. It is the first stage of mitosis.

17. If a corn plant has a genotype of 17. If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present combinations that could be present in a single grain of pollen from this in a single grain of pollen from this

plant?plant?

A A Ty, ty Ty, ty

B B TY, tyTY, ty

C C TY, Ty, tyTY, Ty, ty

D D Ty, ty, tY, TYTy, ty, tY, TY

18. The diagram on 18. The diagram on the right shows the right shows

homologous homologous chromosomes during chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following Which of the following

correctly describes correctly describes the process being the process being

illustrated? illustrated?

A A mutation in which the DNA content of the gene mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered is altered

B B segregation of sister chromatids segregation of sister chromatids

C C condensation and segregation of alleles condensation and segregation of alleles

D D crossingcrossing--over in which alleles are exchanged over in which alleles are exchanged

19. In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes 19. In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia

eyes (r) is recessive. What are the eyes (r) is recessive. What are the possible combinations of genes in the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two redoffspring of two red--eyed heterozygous eyed heterozygous

flies (Rr)?flies (Rr)?

A A RR only RR only

B B rr only rr only

C C Rr and rr only Rr and rr only

D D RR, Rr, and rr only RR, Rr, and rr only

20. In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is 20. In certain breeds of dogs, deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a due to a recessive allele (d) of a

particular gene, and normal hearing is particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What due to its dominant allele (D). What

percentage of the offspring of a normal percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog

(dd) would be expected to have normal (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing? hearing?

A A 0%0%

B B 25%25%

C C 50%50%

D D 100%100%

21. Fur color in cats is controlled by an 21. Fur color in cats is controlled by an autosomal gene that can occur in the autosomal gene that can occur in the

dominant form, (dominant form, (BB), or the recessive form, ), or the recessive form, ((bb). The length of the cat). The length of the cat’’s fur is s fur is

controlled by another autosomal gene controlled by another autosomal gene that occurs in the dominant form, (that occurs in the dominant form, (SS), or ), or the recessive form, (the recessive form, (ss). The table below ). The table below shows the traits for these allele codes. shows the traits for these allele codes.

The following genotypes were found in a The following genotypes were found in a male cat and a female cat. male cat and a female cat.

BbSs BbSs (male) (male) bbSS bbSS (female)(female)

Which one of the following choices is true Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of offspring from these of the phenotype of offspring from these

parents? parents?

A A All All offspring will have black fur.offspring will have black fur.B B All All offspring will have white fur.offspring will have white fur.C C All All offspring will have longoffspring will have long--haired fur.haired fur.D D All All offspring will have shortoffspring will have short--haired fur.haired fur.

22. If a human baby boy inherits a 22. If a human baby boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother, in recessive allele from his mother, in which circumstance would he which circumstance would he most most

likely show the trait coded for by likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?the recessive allele?

A A The baby inherits the dominant allele The baby inherits the dominant allele from his father. from his father.

B B The allele is on an autosomal The allele is on an autosomal chromosome and the baby is a twin. chromosome and the baby is a twin.

C C The allele is on the X chromosome. The allele is on the X chromosome. D D The allele is on the Y chromosome. The allele is on the Y chromosome.

23. Mendel hypothesized that 23. Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor reproductive cells have only one factor

for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that supported by the observation that

A A haploid cells are produced by mitosis. haploid cells are produced by mitosis.

B B diploid cells are produced by mitosis. diploid cells are produced by mitosis.

C C haploid cells are produced by meiosis. haploid cells are produced by meiosis.

D D diploid cells are produced by meiosis. diploid cells are produced by meiosis.

24.

A strand of mRNA containing A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence the repeating sequence

AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for which of the following amino which of the following amino

acid sequences?acid sequences?

A A lyslys––argarg––gluglu––lys lys

B B serser––serser––gluglu––glu glu

C C lyslys––argarg––lyslys––arg arg

D D lyslys––lyslys––lyslys––lys lys

5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3' 5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'

25. 25. The above sequence of DNA The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many is part of a gene. How many

amino acids are coded for by this amino acids are coded for by this segment? segment?

A A 44

B B 88

C C 1212

D D 2020

26. A scientist puts nucleotide chains of 26. A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU UUUUUU

in a test tube under conditions allowing in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of full of polypeptide chains composed of

only the amino acid phenylalanine. What only the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate? does this experiment indicate?

A A The amino acid phenylalanine is composed The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil. of uracil.

B B UUU codes for the amino acid UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine. phenylalanine.

C C Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes. D D Most proteins contain only one type of Most proteins contain only one type of

amino acid. amino acid.

California Standards Test Released Questions Page327. Which of these would 27. Which of these would most most

likely cause a mutation? likely cause a mutation?

A A the placement of ribosomes on the the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum

B B the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

C C the movement of transfer RNA out of the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus the nucleus

D D the release of messenger RNA from the release of messenger RNA from DNA DNA

28. Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many

different types of proteins exist because the

A size of a given amino acid can vary. B chemical composition of a given amino

acid can vary. C sequence and number of amino acids is

different. D same amino acid can have many

different properties.

29. The clear protein of an egg 29. The clear protein of an egg white becomes opaque and firm white becomes opaque and firm when cooked because the heat when cooked because the heat

A A mutates the DNA.mutates the DNA.

B B turns the protein into carbohydrates.turns the protein into carbohydrates.

C C stops protein formation.stops protein formation.

D D changes the protein structure.changes the protein structure.

5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3' 5' G T A _ _ _ A A 3' 3' C A T G C A T T 5' 3' C A T G C A T T 5'

30. 30. This segment of DNA has This segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which undergone a mutation in which

three nucleotides have been three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme would deleted. A repair enzyme would

replace them withreplace them with

A A CGT.CGT.B B GCA.GCA.C C CTG.CTG.D D GTA.GTA.

A base sequence is shown below. A base sequence is shown below. ACAGTGC ACAGTGC

31. 31. How would the base How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA? sequence be coded on mRNA?

A A TGTCACG TGTCACG

B B GUGACAU GUGACAU

C C UGUCACG UGUCACG

D D CACUGUA CACUGUA

32. The bacterium 32. The bacterium Agrobacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumefaciens infects plants, and a portion infects plants, and a portion

of its DNA is inserted into the plantof its DNA is inserted into the plant’’s s chromosomes. This causes the plant to chromosomes. This causes the plant to produce gall cells, which manufacture produce gall cells, which manufacture

amino acids that the bacterium uses as amino acids that the bacterium uses as food. This process is a natural example of food. This process is a natural example of

A A polyploidy.polyploidy.

B B genetic manipulation.genetic manipulation.

C C grafting.grafting.

D D hybridization.hybridization.

34. Scientists found that, over a period of 34. Scientists found that, over a period of 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed 200 years, a mountain pond was transformed

into a meadow. During that time, several into a meadow. During that time, several communities of organisms were replaced by communities of organisms were replaced by different communities. Which of these different communities. Which of these best best

explains why new communities were able to explains why new communities were able to replace older communities?replace older communities?

A A The original species became extinct. The original species became extinct. B B Species in the older community died from Species in the older community died from

old age. old age. C C The abiotic characteristics of the habitat The abiotic characteristics of the habitat

changed. changed. D D Diseases that killedDiseases that killed the older organisms the older organisms

disappeared. disappeared.

33. Genetic engineering has 33. Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk contains produced goats whose milk contains

proteins that can be used as proteins that can be used as medicines. This effect was medicines. This effect was

produced by produced by

A A mixing foreign genes into the milk.mixing foreign genes into the milk.

B B injecting foreign genes into the goatsinjecting foreign genes into the goats’’udders.udders.

C C inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat eggs. eggs.

D D genetically modifying the nutritional genetically modifying the nutritional needs of the goatsneeds of the goats’’ offspring. offspring.

35. Rabbits introduced into Australia 35. Rabbits introduced into Australia over 100 years ago have become a over 100 years ago have become a

serious pest to farmers. Rabbit serious pest to farmers. Rabbit populations increased so much that they populations increased so much that they displaced many native species of plant displaced many native species of plant

eaters. What is the eaters. What is the most most logical logical explanation for their increased numbers? explanation for their increased numbers?

A A Rabbits have a high death rate. Rabbits have a high death rate.

B B There are few effective predators. There are few effective predators.

C C Additional rabbit species have been Additional rabbit species have been introduced. introduced.

D D There is an increase in rabbit competitors. There is an increase in rabbit competitors.

36. Complete burning of plant 36. Complete burning of plant material returns material returns

carbon primarily to thecarbon primarily to the

A A herbivores. herbivores.

B B water. water.

C C vegetation. vegetation.

D D atmosphere. atmosphere.

37. Which of these organisms would 37. Which of these organisms would most most likely be found at the top of an likely be found at the top of an

energy pyramid? energy pyramid?

A A clams clams

B B sardines sardines

C C sharks sharks

D D kelp kelp

38. The chart shows 38. The chart shows four alleles at the four alleles at the same locus that same locus that

affect rabbitsaffect rabbits’’ coat coat color. Each allele is color. Each allele is

dominant to the dominant to the ones below it. ones below it.

Rabbits with an Rabbits with an albino or Himalayan albino or Himalayan

coat are more coat are more susceptible to susceptible to

predators. Which of predators. Which of the following the following

genotypes will genotypes will produce a rabbit produce a rabbit

that is that is least least likely to likely to survive?survive?

A A ccchchc c B B Cc Cc C C cchhc c D D CcCchh

39. In carrier pigeons there is a rare 39. In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching. In order for of the chicks before hatching. In order for

this disease to be passed from this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be generation to generation there must be

parent birds that parent birds that

A A are heterozygous for the disease. are heterozygous for the disease.

B B have the disease themselves. have the disease themselves.

C C produce new mutations for this disease. produce new mutations for this disease.

D D are closely interbred are closely interbred

40. A healthy individual is a carrier 40. A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of it. What is the probable genotype of

this individual? this individual?

A A two dominant normal alleles two dominant normal alleles B B one recessive lethal allele and one one recessive lethal allele and one

dominant lethal allele dominant lethal allele C C one recessive lethal allele and one one recessive lethal allele and one

dominant normal allele dominant normal allele D D one dominant lethal allele and one one dominant lethal allele and one

recessive normal allele recessive normal allele

41. Mutations within a 41. Mutations within a DNA sequence are DNA sequence are

A A natural processes that produce genetic natural processes that produce genetic diversity.diversity.

B B natural processes that always affect the natural processes that always affect the phenotype. phenotype.

C C unnatural processes that always affect unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype. the phenotype.

D D unnatural processes that are harmful to unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity. genetic diversity.

California Standards Test Released Questions Page442. Which of these 42. Which of these best best

illustrates natural selection?illustrates natural selection?

A A An organism with favorable genetic variations An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully. will tend to survive and breed successfully.

B B A population monopolizes all of the resources A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate. in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.

C C A community whose members work together A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes. routes.

D D The largest organisms in a species receive The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.the only breeding opportunities.

43. A species of finch has been studied 43. A species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated on one of the geographically isolated

Galapagos Islands for many years. Since Galapagos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. bird for several generations is known.

This allows a family tree of each bird to This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed. Some family groups have be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. The survived and others have died out. The

groups that survive groups that survive probably probably have have

A A interbred with other species.interbred with other species.

B B inherited some advantageous variations.inherited some advantageous variations.

C C found new places on the island to live.found new places on the island to live.

D D been attacked by more predators.been attacked by more predators.

44. Earth has undergone some 44. Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to catastrophic changes from time to

time. Which of these time. Which of these most most likely likely explains why life on Earth continued explains why life on Earth continued

following these catastrophes?following these catastrophes?

A A Dominant species had a slow mutation Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.rate.

B B Many species filled the same niche.Many species filled the same niche.

C C A strong species had many different A strong species had many different characteristics.characteristics.

D D A wide diversity of species existed. A wide diversity of species existed.

45. A small population of 45. A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long undergoes no changes for a long

period. How will genetic drift period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population? probably affect this population?

A A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits. It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.

B B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits. beneficial traits.

C C It will increase the number of alleles for specific It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits. traits.

D D It will reduce genetic diversity. It will reduce genetic diversity.

46. A single species of squirrel 46. A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand each on opposite sides of the Grand

Canyon. This change was Canyon. This change was most most likely due to likely due to

A A higher mutation rates on one side.higher mutation rates on one side.

B B low genetic diversity in the initial low genetic diversity in the initial population.population.

C C the isolation of the two groups.the isolation of the two groups.

D D differences in reproductive rates.differences in reproductive rates.

47. Fossil evidence suggests that a 47. Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated California, became several isolated

species. Each of these new species lived species. Each of these new species lived in a different pond. Which of the following in a different pond. Which of the following

best best explains the cause of this explains the cause of this speciation? speciation?

A A episodic isolation episodic isolation B B temporal isolation temporal isolation C C geographic isolationgeographic isolationD D behavioral isolationbehavioral isolation

48. According 48. According to this to this

information, information, which group which group

demonstrated demonstrated the greatest the greatest biodiversity biodiversity during the during the

Cretaceous Cretaceous period?period?

A A dinosaurs dinosaurs B B crocodilians crocodilians C C snakes snakes D D lizards lizards

49. If a paleontologist finds fossils of 49. If a paleontologist finds fossils of many different species existing in the many different species existing in the same area at approximately the same same area at approximately the same time, the paleontologist can conclude time, the paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a that the ecosystem in this area had a

high degree of high degree of

A A climatic variation.climatic variation.

B B episodic speciation.episodic speciation.

C C biological diversity.biological diversity.

D D geographic isolation.geographic isolation.

50. In order for the body to maintain 50. In order for the body to maintain homeostasis, the chemical homeostasis, the chemical

decomposition of food to produce decomposition of food to produce energy must be followed by energy must be followed by

A A water intake.water intake.

B B muscle contractions.muscle contractions.

C C waste removal.waste removal.

D D nervous impulses.nervous impulses.

51. The respiratory system 51. The respiratory system depends on the nervous system depends on the nervous system

for signals to for signals to

A A enhance the amount of available oxygen enhance the amount of available oxygen in the lungs. in the lungs.

B B coordinate muscles controlling breathing.coordinate muscles controlling breathing.

C C release enzymes to increase the release enzymes to increase the exchange of gases. exchange of gases.

D D exchange gases with the circulatory exchange gases with the circulatory system. system.

52. Striking the tendon just below 52. Striking the tendon just below the kneecap causes the lower leg to the kneecap causes the lower leg to

jerk. Moving an object quickly jerk. Moving an object quickly toward the face can cause the eyes toward the face can cause the eyes to blink shut. These are examples ofto blink shut. These are examples of

A A learned responses.learned responses.

B B shortshort--term memory.term memory.

C C reflex reactions.reflex reactions.

D D sensory overload.sensory overload.

53. The fight53. The fight--oror--flight response flight response includes greater heart output includes greater heart output and a rise in blood pressure. and a rise in blood pressure.

This response is due toThis response is due to

A A insulin secreted by the pancreas.insulin secreted by the pancreas.

B B thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland.thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland.

C C oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland.oxytocin secreted by the pituitary gland.

D D adrenaline secreted by the adrenal adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands.glands.

54. Which of these secretes a 54. Which of these secretes a hormone that regulates the rate of hormone that regulates the rate of

metabolism of the body?metabolism of the body?

A A spleenspleen

B B cerebrumcerebrum

C C thyroidthyroid

D D kidneykidney

55. Which of the following is a function of the nervous system?

A releasing ATP into contracting muscle tissues

B signaling muscle tissues to contract C producing lactic acid in fatigued muscle

tissues D increasing cellular respiration in muscle

tissues

56. What is the 56. What is the greatest greatest danger danger to a patient who to a patient who

has had damage to the skin? has had damage to the skin?

A A loss of oils produced by the skin loss of oils produced by the skin

B B excessive muscle contractions in the excessive muscle contractions in the damaged areadamaged area ..

C C infections in uncovered tissues infections in uncovered tissues

D D damaged tissue entering the blood damaged tissue entering the blood stream stream

California Standards Test Released Questions Page557. The Sabin vaccine is a liquid 57. The Sabin vaccine is a liquid

containing weakened polio viruses. containing weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals Vaccinated individuals

become protected against polio become protected against polio because the weakened viruses because the weakened viruses

A A prevent further viral invasion.prevent further viral invasion.

B B induce an inflammatory response.induce an inflammatory response.

C C promote production of antibodies.promote production of antibodies.

D D are too weak to cause illness.are too weak to cause illness.

58. Which of the following require a 58. Which of the following require a host cell because they are host cell because they are not not able able

to make proteins on their own? to make proteins on their own?

A A blueblue--green algaegreen algae

B B bacteriabacteria

C C protozoansprotozoans

D D virusesviruses

59. How do human diseases 59. How do human diseases caused by bacteria and caused by bacteria and

diseases caused by viruses diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?react to antibiotics?

A A Neither responds to antibiotics.Neither responds to antibiotics.

B B Both respond to antibiotics.Both respond to antibiotics.

C C Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial diseases do not.diseases do not.

D D Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral diseases do not. diseases do not.

60. Individuals with HIV sometimes 60. Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the population is rare in the rest of the population

because people with HIV because people with HIV

A A are unable to fight off these pneumoniaare unable to fight off these pneumonia--causing organisms. causing organisms.

B B are more often exposed to these pneumoniaare more often exposed to these pneumonia--causing organisms. causing organisms.

C C release pheromones that attract the release pheromones that attract the pneumoniapneumonia--causing organisms. causing organisms.

D D release substances that increase the strength release substances that increase the strength of the pneumoniaof the pneumonia--causing organisms. causing organisms.

61. Which information was most 61. Which information was most important to the development of important to the development of genetic engineering techniques?genetic engineering techniques?

A The observation of nonA The observation of non--dominant dominant allelesalleles

B The discovery of lethal genesB The discovery of lethal genes

C The formation of the C The formation of the Punnett Punnett SquaresSquares

D The Structure of a DNA moleculeD The Structure of a DNA molecule

62. Some snakes venoms are 62. Some snakes venoms are harmful because they contain harmful because they contain

enzymes that destroy blood cells or enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by tissues. The damage caused by such a snakebite could best be such a snakebite could best be

slowed byslowed byA Applying ice to the bite areaA Applying ice to the bite area

B Drinking large amounts of waterB Drinking large amounts of water

C Inducing vomitingC Inducing vomiting

D Increasing blood flow to the areaD Increasing blood flow to the area

63. Which molecule in plant cells 63. Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy first captures the radiant energy

from sunlight?from sunlight?

A GlucoseA Glucose

B Carbon DioxideB Carbon Dioxide

C ChlorophyllC Chlorophyll

D Adenosine D Adenosine TriphosphateTriphosphate

64. (2B) What does the diagram below represent?

D. PhagocytosisC. Endocytosis

A. MeiosisB. Mitosis

65. Which of the following 65. Which of the following sequences represent chromosome sequences represent chromosome

number during fertilization?number during fertilization?

A n + n A n + n 2n2n

B 2n B 2n n + nn + n

C nC n nn

D 2nD 2n 2n2n

66. The table below lists the 66. The table below lists the typical diploid number of typical diploid number of chromosomes of several chromosomes of several

different organisms?different organisms?

Which of the following is the best Which of the following is the best explanation for why the explanation for why the

chromosome number is an even chromosome number is an even numbernumber

Diploid Chromosome Number

Goldfish

Potato

Human

Pea

94

48

46

14

A It is only a coincidence; many other A It is only a coincidence; many other organisms have odd number of organisms have odd number of chromosomeschromosomes

B The diploid chromosome number is always B The diploid chromosome number is always even so that when mitosis occurs each new even so that when mitosis occurs each new cell gets the same numbercell gets the same number

C The diploid chromosome number C The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even numbereach parent, so it is always an even number

D Chromosomes double every time the cell D Chromosomes double every time the cell divides, so after the first division, the divides, so after the first division, the number is always evennumber is always even

67. One human disease is caused 67. One human disease is caused by a change in one by a change in one codon codon in a gene in a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease is from GAA to GUA. This disease is

the result ofthe result of

A A mutationA A mutation

B A meiosis errorB A meiosis error

C CrossingC Crossing--overover

D PolyploidyD Polyploidy

68. Which of the following base pair 68. Which of the following base pair sequences could be produced in sequences could be produced in

DNA replication?DNA replication?A A 55’’ AGTCUT 3AGTCUT 3’’

33’’ TCUGTA 5TCUGTA 5’’

B B 55’’ AGTCAT 3AGTCAT 3’’33’’ TCAGTATCAGTA

C C 55’’ AGTCAT 3AGTCAT 3’’33’’ CTGACG 5CTGACG 5’’

D D 55’’ AGTCAT 3AGTCAT 3’’33’’ UCAGUA 5UCAGUA 5’’

69. In a pond, the primary producer 69. In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, Spirogyra: the is a green alga, Spirogyra: the primary consumer is the primary consumer is the crustacean, Daphnia: the crustacean, Daphnia: the secondary consumer is a small secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill: and the tertiary fish, the bluegill: and the tertiary consumer is a larger fish, the consumer is a larger fish, the smallmouth bass. What changes smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides?Daphnia are killed with pesticides?A The alga population will dieA The alga population will die

B The bluegill population will increaseB The bluegill population will increase

C The Daphnia population will eat othersC The Daphnia population will eat others

D the smallmouth bass population will dieD the smallmouth bass population will die

70. The graph below shows the 70. The graph below shows the birth and death rates for a birth and death rates for a population during the 1900s.population during the 1900s.

From 1900 to 2000, the population hasFrom 1900 to 2000, the population has

A IncreasedA Increased

B DecreasedB Decreased

C Stayed the sameC Stayed the same

D increased until 1930, then decreasedD increased until 1930, then decreased

Death Rate

Birth Rate

1910 1930 1950 1980

California Standards Test Released Questions Page671. Which of these would have the least 71. Which of these would have the least

effect on natural selection in a effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is subspecies of giraffes that is

geographically isolated from other geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes?subspecies of giraffes?

A Available nichesA Available niches

B Existing predatorsB Existing predators

C Chromosome numberC Chromosome number

D Available food resourcesD Available food resources

72. A small portion of a population that 72. A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest is geographically isolated from the rest

of the population runs the risk of of the population runs the risk of decreased?decreased?

A Genetic DriftA Genetic Drift

B Mutation RateB Mutation Rate

C Natural SelectionC Natural Selection

D Genetic VariationD Genetic Variation

73. Carbon dioxide is produced as cells 73. Carbon dioxide is produced as cells break down nutrients for energy. Which break down nutrients for energy. Which of the following pairs of systems would of the following pairs of systems would

participate in removing the carbon participate in removing the carbon dioxide from the body?dioxide from the body?

A Endocrine & CirculatoryA Endocrine & Circulatory

B Circulatory & RespiratoryB Circulatory & Respiratory

C Respiratory & EndocrineC Respiratory & Endocrine

D Reproductive & ExcretoryD Reproductive & Excretory

74. A signal that the bladder 74. A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the central is full is sent to the central

nervous system bynervous system byA Feedback LoopsA Feedback Loops

B Sensory NeuronsB Sensory Neurons

C C NephronNephron Tubules Tubules

D Receptor ProteinsD Receptor Proteins

75. Injecting a person with a killed75. Injecting a person with a killed--bacteria vaccine can protect that bacteria vaccine can protect that

individual from a disease because the individual from a disease because the proteins of the killed bacteria?proteins of the killed bacteria?

A A Remain in the body and live Remain in the body and live bacteria bacteria later prey on them later prey on them instead of tissueinstead of tissue

B B Bind with receptors in the body, Bind with receptors in the body, so so that live bacteria cannot bind with that live bacteria cannot bind with them laterthem later

C C Stimulate the production of Stimulate the production of antibodies which can be antibodies which can be manufactured later in response to manufactured later in response to infection.infection.