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Babylonian Talmud:Tractate Shabbath

Folio 47a

leave the lamp, oil, and wicks alone,1 because they becomea base for a forbidden thing.2

R. Zera said in R. Assi's name in R. Johananis name in R.Hanina's name in the name of R. Rommanus: Rabbipermitted me to handle a pan with its ashes.3 Said R. Zerato R. Assi: Did R. Johanan say thus? But we learnt: A manmay take up his son while he is holding a stone, or a basketcontaining a stone. Whereon Rabbah b. Bar Hanah said inR. Johanan's name: The reference is to a basket filled withfruit. Thus, only because it contains fruit; but if it does notcontain fruit, it is not so?4 'He was astonied for a while,'5then answered, Here too it means that it [the pan] contains[also] some grains [of spice]. Abaye objected: Did grainshave any value in Rabbi's house?6 And should you answer,They were fit for the poor, — surely it was taught: 'Thegarments of the poor for the poor, and the garments of thewealthy for the wealthy'.7 But those of the poor are not[deemed fit] for the purpose of the wealthy?8 But saidAbaye, it is analogous to a chamber pot.9 Raba observed:There are two refutations to this. Firstly, a chamber pot isrepulsive, while this is not repulsive.10 And secondly, achamber pot is uncovered, whereas this is covered!11

Rather, said Raba, when we were at R. Nahmanis we wouldhandle a brazier on account of its ashes,12 even if brokenpieces of wood were lying upon it.13

An objection is raised: And both14 agree that if it [a lamp]contains fragments of a wick, it may not be handled.15 SaidAbaye: They learnt this of Galilee.16

Levi b. Samuel met R. Abba and R. Huna b. Hiyyastanding at the door of R. Huna's college. Said he to them:Is it permissible to re-assemble a weaver's frame on the

Babylonian Talmud: Shabbath 47 http://halakhah.com/shabbath/shabbath_47.html#chapter_iv

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Sabbath?17 — It is well, answered they. Then he wentbefore Rab Judah, who said: Surely Rab and Samuel bothrule: If one re-assembles a weaver's frame on the Sabbath,he as liable to a sin-offering.18

An objection is raised: If one puts back the branch of acandelabrum on the Sabbath, he is liable to a sin-offering;as for the joint of a whitewasher's pole,19 it must not bere-inserted, yet if one does re-insert it, he is exempt, but itis forbidden.20 R. Simai said: For a circular horn, one isliable; for a straight horn, one is exempt!21 — They22 ruledas this Tanna. For it was taught: The sockets of a bed,23 thelegs of a bed, and the archer's tablets,24 may not bere-inserted, yet if one does re-insert [them], he is not liable[to a sin-offering],

To Part b

Original footnotes renumbered.

They cannot be compared with others.1.Sc. the flame. Whilst the lamp is alight everything may beregarded as subsidiary to the flame: R. Simeon admits that suchmukzeh is forbidden.

2.

Used for fumigating. This is the meaning as first supposed.Ashes are mukzeh, and it is assumed that he was permitted tomove the ashes on account of the pan, which is a utensil.

3.

And the pan is analogous.4.Dan. IV, 16.5.Surely not! Hence the pan with the ashes may not be handled ontheir account.

6.

The reference is to the minimum size of material which is liableto defilement as a 'garment'. The smallest size which has anyvalue to a wealthy person is three handbreadths square; if it isless, he throws it away. A poor man, however, endeavours tofind a use for it even if it is only three fingerbreadths square,and that accordingly is his minimum (cf. supra 26b seq.). Theseare the minima for the wealthy and the poor respectively whichare technically called garments.

7.

They do not rank as 'garments' when in a wealthy man'spossession. The same principle applies here.

8.

Which may be carried away with the excrements, and similarlythe pan and ashes.

9.

Hence the former must be removed.10.Their shovels or coal pans were covered with a lid or top.11.I.e., when the ashes were needed for covering anything. Theseashes were counted upon for this from before the Sabbath, andhence the whole might be handled. So here too, R. Romanus

12.


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states that Rabbi permitted him to handle a fumigating pan onaccount of the ashes.The latter might not be handled, and therefore the utensil whichcontained it likewise, save that it also contained ashes.

13.

R. Judah and R. Simeon.14.The same applies to pieces of wood on a brazier. For the lampalso contains oil, just as the brazier contains ashes too.

15.

Owing to the abundance of oil in Galilee the residue of oil in thelamp would be of no value to its owner, and therefore the lampwith the fragments of wick may not be handled on account of itsoil (Tosaf. and R. Nissim Gaon).

16.

The frame or loom consisted of jointed parts, which fitted intoeach other.

17.

If done in ignorance.18.The handle of the painter's brush was jointed, to allow ofdifferent lengths according to requirements.

19.

A candelabrum is not taken to pieces frequently, and thereforewhen one inserts its branches he finishes its manufacture; hencehe is liable to a sin-offering, it being a general rule that this isincurred for the completion of any utensil. But a painter's brushis continually taken to pieces; therefore the insertion of one ofits parts is only temporary and does not complete it.

20.

These are musical instruments into which reeds were inserted togive various notes; v. T.A. III, 96. The putting together of theformer was skilled work; hence liability is incurred. But thelatter was assembled amateurishly, being frequently taken topieces; hence no liability is incurred.-The difficulty is presentedby the branch of a candelabrum, whose principle is the same asa weaver's frame.

21.

R. Abba and R. Huna b. Hiyya.22.Into which the legs of a bed fitted. to prevent them from beingrotted by the damp earth.

23.

Rashi: a small wooden plaque inserted in the bow upon whichthe arrow presses before it is released. Jast. translates: 'theboards on which the straw rests', but does not make it clear whatfitting or joining is required there.

24.

Tractate List

Shabbath 47b

but it is forbidden; nor must they be [tightly] fixed in, andif one does so, he is liable to a sin offering. R. Simeon b.Gamaliel said: if it is loose, it is permitted.1

At R. Hama's home there was a folding bed, which theyused to put up on Festivals. Said one of the Rabbis to Raba:


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What is your view, that it is building from the side:2

granted that there is no Scriptural prohibition, yet it isRabbinically forbidden? Said he to him, I agree with R.Simeon b. Gamaliel, who ruled: If it is loose, it ispermitted.

MISHNAH. A VESSEL, MAY BE PLACED UNDER ALAMP TO CATCH THE SPARKS, BUT ONE MUSTNOT POUR WATER THEREIN, BECAUSE HEEXTINGUISHES [THEM].

GEMARA. But he deprives the vessel of its readiness?3 —Said R. Huna the son of R. Joshua: Sparks are intangible.4

BUT ONE MUST NOT POUR WATER THEREIN,BECAUSE HE EXTINGUISHES [THEM]. Shall we saythat we learnt anonymously as R. Jose, who maintained:That which is a cause of extinguishing is forbidden?5 Now,is that logical: granted that R. Jose ruled thus for theSabbath: did he rule thus for the eve of the Sabbath? Andshould you say, Here also it refers to the eve of the Sabbath,— surely it was taught: A vessel may be placed under alamp on the Sabbath to catch the sparks, and on the eve ofthe Sabbath goes without saying; but one must not pourwater therein on the eve of the Sabbath, because heextinguishes [them], and the Sabbath goes without saying?— Rather, said R. Ashi, you may say that it agrees evenwith the Rabbis: here it is different, because one brings theextinguisher near.6

CHAPTER IVMISHNAH. WHEREIN MAY WE STORE [FOOD], ANDWHEREIN MAY WE NOT STORE [IT]?7 WE MAYNOT STORE [IT] IN PEAT,8 FOLIAGE,9 SALT, LIME,OR SAND, WHETHER MOIST OR DRY; NOR INSTRAW, GRAPE-SKINS, SOFT FLOCKING10 ORHERBAGE, WHEN THEY ARE MOIST; BUT WE MAYSTORE [FOOD] IN THEM WHEN THEY ARE DRY.

GEMARA. The scholars propounded: Did we learn, peat ofolives, whereas peat of poppy seed is well; or perhaps welearnt peat of poppy seed, and how much more so of


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olives? — Come and hear: For R. Zera said on theauthority of one of the disciples of the School of R. Jannai:A basket in which one put away [food]11 may not beplaced on peat of olives. This proves that we learnt peat ofolives!-[No.] After all I may tell you that in respect ofstoring [peat] of poppy seed too is forbidden; [but] as for

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Original footnotes renumbered.

I.e., if it is so constructed that it need be only loosely joined, itis permitted even at the very outset. R. Abba and R. Huna b.Hiyya likewise refer to branches that sit lightly in their sockets.

1.

The technical term for work not done in a professional and usualway.-I.e., do you think that because it is loosely fitted it does notconstitute building?

2.

V. p. 196, n. 5.3.V. p. 198, n. 2.4.Even if one does not directly extinguish; v. infra 120a.5.By pouring water into the vessel, And therefore as a preventivemeasure it is forbidden, also on the eve of sabbath. But in thecase below, q.v., it is indirect extinguishing, because the heatmust first cause the jars to burst before the water is released.

6.

When a pot is removed from the fire on the eve of the Sabbath,it may be stored in anything that preserves heat, but not insomething that adds heat (supra 34b).

7.

I.e., a pressed, hard mass. The Gemara discusses which mass ismeant.

8.

Zebel is foliage piled up for forming manure.9.E.g., rags, wool, etc.10.For the Sabbath, to preserve its heat.11.

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