bghJ j

(br - ciueil - Jizghl)

nkiy - Kjyh ML

gF I - j

ghl nkghL FG gJiu

mogil UjglJ.

lhik xU ghtbra

lhik xU bgUFw

lhik kjjikaw bra

jehL ghl kW fa gf fHf f rhiy, brid - 600 006.

ii iii

jehL muR Ua g - 2007

kW g - 2017

FG jiyt

Kidt uh. F. ehF

(jJiw jiyt - X khy fYh)

169, ju bjU, mah FoU

brid-600 029.

nkyhthsf

Kidt bj. PhdRju Kidt Uk. . ^t

(jJiw jiyt - X, jJiw,

girag fYh) a njhg fa fYh,

149, fh rhiy, ntng,

mzhef nkF thf, brid-600 007.

brid-600 101.

Kidt nfh. bgaz

jiyikaha,

muR kf nkiy g,

brfgL, fhu khtl.

yhaf

Kidt . nfhkehaf yt. jf mt

KJfiy jHha, jiyikahia,

muR kf nkiy g, muR nkiy g,

thf, uhrhkl,

brid-600 049. jir khtl.

yt r. kfhf yt r. ey

jiyikaha, KJfiy jHha,

muR caiy g, v..X.V. siy fYh,

nrfhu, mzh ef nkF,

Uth% khtl. brid-600 101.

iy : %.

ghlf jah : jehL muRfhf

g f aff, jehL

60 .v.v. jh mlgLsJ.

Mbr Kiw mnlh :

ii iii

nja j

#d fz kd mehaf #a nA

ghuj gha jhjh

grhg J F#uhj kuhlh

uhl cfy gfh

a khry aKdh ffh

cry #y jufh

jt Rg ehnk #hnf

jg Rg M[ khnf

fhnA jt #a fhjh

#d fz kfs jhaf #a nA

ghuj gha jhjh

#a nA #a nA #a nA

#a #a #a #a nA!

- kfhf uuehj jhT

ehL g - bghU

a jhna! kf g Jgfis fw

na vyhUila kdY M brwh.

Ubga grhig, Jit, Truij

kuhoaij, uhlij, xrhit,

tfhsij, cs s mila brwJ.

Ubga a, ka kiy bjhlf

vbuhwJ; aKid, fif MWf

bdh xWwJ; a flyiyfsh

tzfgLwJ.

mit dUis ntLwd; fiH guwd.

ah g Jgfis fw jhna, cdF

bt! bt! bt!

iv v

njaghl

tnj khju;

[yh, [&gyh kya# jyh

[a ahkyh khju

[&u {naheh yj ah

y F[&j U js n[h

[&Ah, [&kJu gh

[&fjh, tujh, khju!

tnj khju!

tnj khju!

- g ru rhl

cWbkh

ah vdJ ehL. a midtU vdJ clwf.

vdJ ehil eh bgJ nenw. eho gHbgUikfhf

gKf ku wfhf eh bgUj milnw. eho bgUikF

jFJ sl vW ghLgLnt.

vDila bgnwh, Maf, vdF ta _njh midtiu

kng. vyhlK m kahij fhLnt.

v ehoF v kfSF ciHl KidJ ng. mtf eyK

tsK bgWtnyjh vW k fhng.

nja xUikghL cWbkh

eho cik thit, xUikghil ng fhJ tYgLj

bragLnt' vW cskhu eh cW TWnw.

xUnghJ tKiwia ehnl' vW rka, bkh,' tlhu Kjait

fhuzkhf vG ntWghLfSF rfSF Vida mua - bghUshjhu

FiwghLfSF mik beY mua mik tY W

fhng' vW eh nkY cWanw.

iv v

jjh thJ

uhU flYLj yklij bfbyhGF

uhU tjdbkd fguj fl

bjfzK mwj uhle UehL

jfW iwEjY jjeW yfKnk!

myf thridngh midJyF gKw

vir fkzf UjbgU jHznf !

jHznf !

c sik w aJ

bra kwJ thJJnk !

thJJnk !

thJJnk !

- kndhka bg. Rjuis

vi vii

bghUslf

brgF

1. thJ : gf

(m) iw thJ * 1

(M) bkh thJ * 2

() ehL thJ * 3

2. bjhiff :

(m) weh}W * 11

(M) mfeh}W 13

() IFWW 15

3. mw ya : UFw

(m) mlfKilik * 24

(M) xutj 26

() fhykj 28

(

vi vii

6. kWky ghlf :

(m) vehnsh (ghl 1) * 77

(M) fL Jik 79

() Ljiy isj cik 81

(

viii 1viii 1

Jiz ghl

(Wfij brt)

gf

1. xU eh fjJ ... 148

- Jikj

2. njfh JLf ... 157

- lhl K.t.

3. kWkz ... 164

- j

4. brfkyK xU nrh ... 169

- Rjuuhkrh

5. xU uKf ... 174

- b#afhj

6. k kf ... 177

- y. gkehg

7. mDk ... 181

- R#hjh

8. ... 189

- trf

9. mdjrad fhy ... 195

- njh KAkJ uh

10. fiu cUtf ... 203

- tzyt

viii 1viii 1

br gF

1. thJ

bjhlF bra nj iww iwia thJ kugo iwthJ,

ngR bkh, wj ehL miwnahL xg itJ vzgLj mtiw

thJjny Kiwahj bkh thJ ehL thJ gF l

bgWsd.

(m) iw thJ *

mUgGj gHRitna fUng njnd

Munj vfnz ma thd

bghUsidJ jUbghUns fUiz fh

uzkh wbthnw j thnt

fUja fUjjD fUjh nk

fhyKnj rKtFJ fU M

id Toc uis ML

GbghUns ahbrhY zg nfns.

- jhkhdt

iwthjhf mikJs ghl jhkhdtuh awglJ. jhkhdt

ghlf vD bjhifUJ ghl bj bragljhF.

1452 ghlfis bfhljhF. iwbeia tWJ

j bkh cglj vd nghw gLwJ.

jhkhdt vyhU Uf idjt. mg g bra

Mtbfhlt. mt ntjhua vdgL UkiwfhL vD C

nfoag is vghF, bf#t mikahUF kfdhf njhat.

Uuhg nfh bfhLs iwt bga jhkhdt. mbgUkh

mUsh wjikah bgnwh mtUF jhkhdt vd bgald.

nfoag is Uuhgia Ml #auf brhfehj ehaf

vw murl fzfuhf gJ tjh. mt kiwF d jhkhdt

mgia Vwh. #auf brhf ehj ehaf MY, mt kid uh

dh MY fzfuhf gahdh. kLthFH vD kifia

kzJ thjh. d Jw thif ehlbfhL Jw lh. U_y

ku tj bksdFU vgh mUS, M bgW wJ sdh. mt

K bgw l uhkehju xU gFYs yRukhF. mt thj

fhy ..18 M whlhF.

2 3

mUbrhbghU

Munj - ma mnj; uzkh - KGikah; j - ik; fU

M - fUf Kjyhd; cuis ML - midJ c Tlfis

MLF; fUja fUjjD fUjh nk - vghf Koahj

fUJfSF cbghUsh cs; G bghUns - nkyhd bghUns. ghtif

: v fbeoyo Ma Uj.

yfz

gHRit - Mwh ntWik bjhif - MuJ (mUik + mJ)

gbjhif; jU bghUns - br vD thghL bgabur ; fh

uzkh -

2 3

yfz

bjhkf - gbjhif; cs - MFbga; ciufhy - idbjhif;

gHj - g bjhif; Iiajh - Mwh ntWik bjhif; jh jiy - (jhis

jiyah) - ulh ntWik bjhif; gFth - (jik gik idKW)

() ehL thJ *

U iwjid jf buhiy

J jid ts rhjid

kU brf ega kFit

ts tjnjh igw thjid

bgUF g Kilia FWeif

bgbwh jid gg lid

U yJt bjK jhFit

vf jh gjf iwRth.

- Ruka ghuah

ghliy aat kfhf Ruka ghuah Mth. mt ghlf

`ghuah fijf' vD jiy bjhFfbgW bttJsd. m

nja jf vD gF ghl l bgWsJ. tf bkh g ru

rnlhghaha vGa tnj khju vD ghl bkhbgang ghlyhF.

njaf vW nghwgL ghuah vlau 11-12-1882- drh

maUF yF mkhSF kfdhf njhdh. siknyna fghL

w bgUjh. mt ghlf btisa M moikgL lj

a kf csf Ljiy ntif vD fhLia _L m

FRfsh mikjd.

ghuah kJiu cs nrJg caiy g Mauhf, d

bridUJ bttj Rnjru gifF cj Mauhf

`rfut' vw gifF Mauhf, 'ah' vw thugifF

Mauhf fJsh. mt jGF tsnrF yafis giljh.

ijia bkhbgaJsh. nkY, fz ghL, FghL, ghrhrgj

Ma W fhafis gilJsh. 11-09-1921 mW kiwjh.

mUbrhbghU

U - brt, ts; jf xiy - xL Tw Koahj caid

cilia; kU - bghUa; br - ta; kFj - iwj; FWeif - dif;

gg - gy mfyf; Uy - bga yF; lid - mJsh;

gjf - Utof; iwRth - tzFth. ghtif: vfbeoyo Ma

Uj.

4 5

yfz

iwjid, xid, jid, rhjid, thjid, lid - it

Kiy xUik idKWf; kU br - idbjhif; bgUF g -

br vD thghL bgabur; ega; igw - gbjhiff.

z f

1. iybkh

4 5

: ,

6 7

4. FaYfu z

iybkh W vGJ FaYfukhf UJ, tUbkh KjbyGJ

cuhf U FaYfu jh CJ tj td bkia f brJ

jh kL kiw. clnk ct bjhWtang'' vD go

iybkhpW td bkl tUbkh Kj cs cnu zU.

v.fh.

(+c)

fUJ + mjD

j

fU ( + m) jD = fUjjD

`ct cFw bknlhL'

- e}

iybkhW FaYfu, afu KjbkhnahL zU bghGJ fukhf

J zU.

v.fh.

(+c)

bfhF + ahJ = bfhahJ

mthW fu FafukhF.

`at ah'

y lf iybkh W KWfu c KjbkhnahL zUbghGJ

jh CJ tj bkiaL kiw. "clnk ct bjhWt

ang" vD go zU.

v.fh.

fj + mil = fj(+m)il = fjtil

( + c)

bry + ma = bryta.

ct cFw bk nlhL

at ah KWk bwhnuht

- e} 164

cFw - FaYfu; at - afu t; ah - fu khF; KW -

KWfuK; mW - FWfu nghy bknlhL. xnuh t - y lf.

6 7

beo bjhl FaYfu, c bjhl FaYfu MatW

lfuij, wfuij CJ tU FaYfuf tUbkhnahL zU

bghGJ mit CJ tU xW uoJ zU.

v.fh.

1. nfhL + c

nfhL + c - lfu xW uoaJ, d

ct cFw vD go

(+c)

nfhL + c = nfhL

vW zjJ.

2. tW + t = tWt

tW + t = wfu xW uoaJ d tW t vW zjJ.

: beonyhL L bjhl FWf ufS

lwbth uL ntWik fnt

- e} 183

(+M)

5. gyh + gH

iybkh W vGJ aghf cbuGjhf mikJsJ.

fhd + gwit

iybkh W kfu xwhF. mJ tUbkhnahL zU bghGJ k

bwhwJ vD dh kfubk mJ,

fhd + gwit

(+m)

fhd + gwit vg iybkh cwhf khWwJ.

Jngh aghf, dhY, cwhf F brhK tbyGij

(f, r, j, g) Kjyhfila brhf tJ z mtbyGJ F zU.

gyh + gH = gyhgH

fhd + gwit = fhdgwit

: aD D w cK

frjg Fj thjd knd

- e} 165

8 9

6. 1. ir bgafnshL ntW irbgafnsh, w brhfnsh tJ

zUbghGJ iybkh W cs c bkbaGJ (F) ffu

xW (), zU.

2. mit a iybkh W cs wfu () dfukhfnth ()

yfukhfnth () J zU.

v.fh.

tlF + nkF = tlnkF

8 9

df (tUbkh Kj jfuF dkha efu FjJ) gHj = gHj

a

Wik + m

10 11

III. gFgj cWyfz jUf

w, nk, To, mirj,

gFth, iwjid, lid iwRth

IV. bghUJf

1. fP wj C

jhkhdt vlau

fjrhyt UkiwfhL

ghuah Utuf

gafu

2. fP

jhkhdt ghrhrgj

fjrhyt jhkhdt ghlf

ghuah UtUgh

ufgh

V. il njf :

1. j bkh cglj

m) fz ghL, M) ufgh ) jhkhdt ghlf

2. jhkhdt Ma g,

m) mikr M) giljiyt ) muRfzf

3. ghuah Mauhf Uj thugif

m) Rnjru M) ah ) rfut

4. ghuah bkh bgaj

m) uhkhaz M) ghuj ) ij

10 11

2. bjhif f

gJghL, vL bjhif rf yafshF. mtiw nkfzF

f vW tHFt. vLbjhif eiz, FWbjhif, IFWW, gW

gJ, gghl, fbjhif, mfeh}W, weh}W vD vL mlF. jid,

`eiz ey FWbjhif IFW(W)

xj gWg(J) XF gghl

fwjh VJ fnah(L) mfw v(W)

wj vL bjhif.'

vw gHghl czJwJ. f xbthY cs ghlf gntW

fhy thj yt gyuh gntW NHf ghlglitahF. vLbjhif

fS gWgJ, weh}W wbghU yafshF. Vida MW

mfbghU yafshF. vD bghGJ eil tHF gghl bjhif

Y wghlf Fahf csd. mjdh gghliy mfK wK fyj ghl

bjhF vdyh. gHbgU yfz yha bjhfha TW mfbghU,

wbghU yfzfSF vLbjhif f yafshf fwd.

wbghU yakhd weh}UJ xU ghlY, mfbghU

yafshd mfeh}W, IFWW MatUJ xbthU ghlYkhf _W

ghlf ghlkhf mikfgLsd.

(m) weh}W *

w + ehF + W = weh}W. wghbld, w vd tHfgLw

400 mftghfis bfhoyFwJ. m ghlf gyhu

MLfF KUJ .. ulh whL tiu cs fhygF thj

yt gyuh ghlglitahF. weh}W bjhF fl thJ ghliy

ghoat ghujghoa bgUnjtdh. t fhyJ thjt.

weh}W ghlf bt, fuij, t, fh, beh, ciP,

Jig, thif, ghlh, bghJa, ifis, bgUiz vd tHfbgW

wizfSFa JiwbghUf bfhL mikjitahF.

Koil _ntjf, wurf, mikrf, nrid jiytf, uf,

filbaG tsf, filrf ytf vd gyUila tuyhW FfS,

mfhyJshUila eil Kjad yh eF ygL. y

ghlfis mP ..ngh mtf My bkh bgaJsh.

weh}W ghlfis iz, JiwfnshL iaJ goj ntL.

mWFs JFJ kfta bghJ

cWl Jjth Jty _o

tiuah ku kh nghy

12 13

flhm ahid fHfh ngf

bfhilkl gLj yyJ

gilkl glhw gilka Fnd

- guz

iz : ghlh Jiw : abkh

ghonah :

ghliy aat guz. t tuyhW Ffis ghlfS

bghJ itJ ghLt tyt. fy nghy f fGl thjt. fy

guz vD bjhluh J sF. t gWg IjhgJ gho flw

nfhoa brFLtl cgfhL thia, mt kf FLt nruiy

gyhf bgwt.

ghlgnlh :

ghl itahnfhbgUngf vD FWy kdid fJ

ghoajhF. ngf filbaG tsfS xUt. fhd kiPF ff ea

fGFat; t kiyehil ilat. tdJ C e vgJ t

Ma Fo wjt vgJ bja tUwd.

izsf: ghlh iz.

xU kddJ f, tik, tsik, mU Kjyhdtiw MJ TWtJ

ghlh izahF. ghlgLw MkfdJ xGfyhiw TWtJ iz

nehfkhF.

Jiw sf : abkh.

xU ntjbdbrW mt jikia T ftJ abkh thJ

vD JiwahF. xUt aig fJT thJtJ Jiw

cghF.

mUbrhbghU

mWFs = ta Fs; cFJ = bgJ; cWlJ cjthJ = Fs,

ta Ma bghUjkhd lJ bgahJ; cty = fsy; Co = rhy

bgJ; tiuahku = viylhj Kiwik; kh = kiH; flhm ahid - kjfW;

fHfh = ufH mj fhf; bfhilkl = tiuaiw bfhLjyha

a; gilkl = ngh beF khWgL ngh jyha a; glh = (ngh)

brah; gilkaFWj = gilf xnwhL xW fyj, ghtif : neir

Magh

bfhilkl

yhjtF, cstF, ujtF, uthjtF ghFgho

tiuahJ bfhLj.

12 13

gilkl

u myhjh nkY, KJlh nkY, glh nkY, _jh isah

nkY brYj.

yfz

mWFs, mfta - idbjhiff; tiuah ku -

14 15

iz : ghiy

Jiw : bryza njhF jiykf brhaJ.

ghliy ghoat xsitah. mt rffhy bgghytU wJ

sat; mt makh beLkhd vD FWy kdDl Mj e

bfhlt. mkd mitfs ytuhf fjt. leh thH br

mjij xjnjh ma befia jh czhJ makh xsitF

14 15

yfz

XFkiy - idbjhif; mHh nfhL -

16 17

iz : F

Jiw : tJit bryh W jiykfF njh TaJ.

tJit jiyF kyua fl njh thwhgo mnw Noid

vd brhathwh.

kyj ntiff Uj njhif

bghd klij njhW ehl - vwJ

`jiytnd, cwd W jiyF Ukz fU No w

brjd; nah mtnshL gHUj ehfnyna mtSF kzkfnfhy nghy

`mHF brJ kUjid' vW cSiw ctk njhw wJ.

mUbrhbghU

vkUntif = beUigbahj ntifku; kU = ctkU;

njhif = k; kyj ntif bghiHF mjf cs njhif klijF

ctikf; M = miriy; tJit = Ukz; mau = fj; UTj

= dgl bga (fa) Tj; Eij tha vwJ jiyt bgnwhiu

thaJ. ~J ganjhgr vdgL. kyunjh ! Eij tha J

brjid vwthW ; njh fs fhyJw tUj dik ciujh.

yfzF

Ujnjhif - bgabur; kU -ctkU; iHa - idbjhif;

ehl - mik; Eij - Ejij vgj k%c bkh; tha - anfh

idKW; ekid - gbjhif.

z f

1. vD bga K td Kjbkh tJ zUlJ mtbyGJF

dkhd bkbyGJ F zU.

v.fh. + bfho = bfho

tUbkh Kj cs ' vD td vGJF dkhd ' vD

bkbyGJ F zjJ.

"bga Kd bkik njhW"

- e} - 200

bkik njhW vwjdh tbyGJ tUjY tH cL vgJ

bgwglJ. + Til = Til

2. 1. kfu

16 17

2. y lf td KjbkhnahL zUnghJ kfu bflhJ.

tUbkh tbyGF dkhd bkdkhf J zU.

3. bkd, ild KjbkhnahL zUnghJ kfu bfL aghf

zU.

ku + mo

ku (+m) o = kuto

kfu bfL clgLbk bgW zjJ.

ku + is

ku + is = kuis

18 19

"zdt d tu lw wt

a MF ntWik ft

fidJbk tD agh Fnk"

- e} 209

4. ntWik z :

iybkhpW yfuK, sfuK, td Kj bkhnahL zUnghJ yfu

wfukhf sfu lfukhf

v.fh.

fH + fh = fHfh

f + Fl = fFl

iybkhpW yfuK, sfuK bkd KjbkhnahL zUnghJ yfu

sfukhf sfu zfukhf .

v.fh

brh + khiy = brhkhiy

mU + bkh = mUbkh

ysnt Wik wl mt

mtnwh Lw tt dhbk

nk dz ilt a

MF Ut ahD vg.

- e} 227

5. iybkh

18 19

K + eW = KzW

dyK wd zsK lz

MF jef M fhny. ''

- e} 237

6. gy vD brhK gy vD brhY y vD brhK y vD

brhY tJ zUnghJ

1. aghf zU

gy + gy = gygy

y + y = yy

2. F zU

gy + gy = gygy

y + y = yy

3. iybkh WYs mfu bfl v F yfu wfukhf J

zU.

v.fh.

gy + gy

(+m)

g + gy

g + gy = ggy

(+m)

y + y

+ y = y

4. gy, y vD brhf K w brhf tJ z iybkh W

mfu bfL zU; bflhkY zU.

(+m)

gy + g = gg

gy + g = gyg

(+m)

y + tis = tis

y + tis = ytis

gy y vDit jK jht

a fY mfu Vf

yfu wfu MfY wt

mfu fg MfY csw

- e} 170

20 21

g

I. Wdh

1. weh}W g F tiuf.

2. tiuah ku kh nghy - ctikia s bghUSl bghUJf.

3. fHfh ngfid guz vd fJiuJsh?

4. mfeh}W g F tiuf.

5. xsitah g F tiuf.

6. ugh il vjifaJ?

7. mfeh} mikj F bghUis bjgLJf.

8. IFW W g F tiuf.

9. fy g F tiuf.

10. jiykfF njh Tad ahit?

11. IFW Wghlyh matU cSiw bghUis bj gLJf.

II. beLdh :

1. bryza njhF jiykf brhatiw sFf.

III. yfzF tiuf.

mWFs, flhm ahid, fHfh,

XFkiy, ughil, bjhf, btkU

IV. J z jUf.

cWl, fHfh, nfhL, bryta

V. gFgj cWyfz jUf.

bghJ,

20 21

3. fhd kiPF ff

22 23

jik gik idKW Ff - v, V, m, M, x, X, F,

L, J, W.

Kiy xUik idKW Ff - I, M

Kiy gik idKW Ff - ,

22 23

3. mw ya

UFw

jkh a ciy vW cynfhuh ghuhlbgW UFw.

Jnt jH Ukiw; cyf bghJkiwkhF. Fw' vgJ ulo btghit

FF. J U vw mil bkh bgW iy FjJ. (milaLj fUahF

bga) J gbd fzF fS xW.

UFw mwJgh bghUgh fhkJgh vD _W bgU fis

bfhL sFwJ. W KgJ _W mfhufis mfhuF gJ

ghf j MuJ KW KgJ Fwghfis bfhLsJ.

mwJgh KgbjL mfhufis cilaJ. mJ ghua, ywa,

Jwtwa, Ca vD ehF afis bfhL sFwJ vg mP.

bghUgh vGgJ mfhufis mua, mfa, xa vD

_W afis bfhL mikJsJ.

fhkJgh UgijJ mfhufis fsa, fa vw uL

afis bfhL sFwJ.

"UtSt th isjtW

yhjiy iziy KghY ynj"

vW jHiu j KwitgJ bjt. Y TwgLs fUJf

ahtF vfhyF bghUJtdthf sFwd. cyf bgUbkhf

gytY bkh bgafgL gyuhY gofbgW tUwJ. cyf

KGtJ xg Toa wj fUJfis bfhLs cyf bghJkiwahf

nghwgLwJ. UFwisnah mj fUJfisnah vLjhshj mP bgUkf

y vW TWksF bgUik bgWsJ.

mQit Jisnj fliy fo

FWf jj Fw

vW mitah j gK EgK fU fJiujh. UFwis

UtStiu gHj ytf ghuho ghoa Eh UtSt khiy vW

miHfgLwJ.

jifa bgUiy ekF a jjt bjtyt UtSt

Mt. t filrf fhykha .. ulh whil nrjt vg.

UtStiu ga cik tuyhW ygliy. brt brfns

csd. UtSt thj fhy g fUJ ntWghLf cL. t .K.

31- njhatbuW mP y TWt. ij fz nrf bfhL

UtStuhL Kiw tH tUwJ.

24 25

UtStiu xbthU rkajtU jj rkaij rhjtbuW TWt.

j_y tSt ca bghJik bfhif W bgWJyFtij

czuyh. UFwSF Kgh, thiw thJ, cjuntj, bghahbkh vW

ntW bgaf tHFtJ nghynt UtStUF Kjghty, bgh yt,

bgUehty, brehnghjh, ehadh, njt, khjhDg vW ntW bgafS

tHFwd.

(m) mlfKilik *

mlf mkuU cF mlfhik

MU cJ L. 1

fhf bghUsh mlfij; Mf

mjDhc iy cF 2

brtJ ik gaF mt

jh dlf bg 3

iy ah jlah nwhw

kiyD khz bgJ 4

vyhF ewh gj; mtUS

brtnf brt jifJ. 5

xUik Mikngh Ijlf yh

vGik Vkh ilJ 6

ahfhth uhD ehfhf; fhthfh

nrhfhg brhGF gL 7

xwhD brh bghUga Dlh

ewhfh jh L 8

dh Rl cshW; Mwhnj

ehdh Rl tL. 9

fjfhJ fwlf yhWth br

mwghF M EiHJ. 10

24 25

mUbrhbghU

Fw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 it IJ ghlhY bghJtifah mlfdJ w TwglJ.

Fw : 6 - bk mlf TwglJ.

Fw : 7,8,9 bkh mlf TwglJ.

Fw : 10 kd mlf TwglJ.

1. mlf = kd bkh bkf atf bryhJ mlFj; mkuU = njt

cyf (Rtf); cF = brYJ; MU = euf; cJL vgij

xU brhyhf bfhf.

2. bghUsh = caj bghUshf fU; fhf = filoJ xGFf; mj CF

= m mlfijl.

3. br = mlf ; ik = Gg, w ; mtJ = mlUjny mthtJ

vwJ; M =neat.

4. iy - (ywbeaha) iy W; ahJ - iywHhJ;

njhw = ca; khz = f.

5. eW M = eikjUtnj M; gj = mlFj; brtjifJ = brt

vdjF widilJ.

6. IJ = Ibghf; xUik = xU w; vGik = VG w; Vkh= ghJfh.

7. ah = vtiw (vyhtiw); nrhfhg = JWt. brhGF = brhFw;

nrhfhg vgJ xU brh.

8. xwhD = (v ms) xwhf UD; bghUga - bghUsh

istJ (bghUsh tU Jg); clh = clhtJ M; ewhfhJ

ML = jhL.

9. c MW (cl zhf D) csnj ML; ehdh =

fLbrhfsh; tL = jG; ntWika. ML jikaJ Mjyh

dh Rljid vW MwhJ beDns lj ehdh

Rljid tL vW Tdh.

10. fj- d; fhJ = ml ; br = jFj fhy ; mw = mwfl;

M = mil t

yfz

1. mlfhik - vkiw bjhbga. MU - gbjhif.

2. fhf - anfh idKW; bghUsh - (bghUshf vgj) bjhFjfhu;

mjDhcF - irasbgil.

3. bg - br vD thghL idbar.

26 27

4. mlah - idahyiz bga; kiyD - ca wik.

5. vyhF - KWik; gj - bjhbga; jifJ - F idKW;

ewh - (ewhF) bjhFj fhu; brtnf - njnwfhu.

6. cilJ - F idKW; ctika.

7. vGik, IJ - MFbgaf; fhthfh - vkiw idbar.

8. bghUga - _wh ntWik cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif; MD -

MD vgj fhu; eW - (eik) gbga;

9. dh ... tL. ntWika (, fLbrhyh clha uL

RLifah xnw vW Kj T xWikgL, ML.

ehdh RlJ MwhJ vW ntWgLj ntWikaahW Rl , Rl

tL. - bgaburf.

10. mlf - bjhbga, MWth - idahyiz bga.

(M) xutj

ifkhW ntlh flghL khkh

bldhW bfhnyh cyF. 1

jhsh jj bghUbsyh jfhF

ntshik brj bghUL 2

nj SyfJ L bgwynj

xu dy w. 3

xj jthD thth; kiwah

brjhU itf gL. 4

CU iw jnw cyfth

ngu ths U. 5

gaku cS gGjwh brt

eaDil ahf go 6

kUjh jgh kujwh brt

bgUjif ahf go 7

l gUtJ xu bfhfh

fld fh at 8

26 27

eaDilah eTjh dhj bru

brah jikfyh thW. 9

xu dhtU nfbl d~bjhUt

Wnfh jf JilJ. 10

mUbrhbghU

Fw : 1, 2, 3 - xu w TwglJ.

Fw : 4 - xutah

Fw : 5, 6, 7 - xuthsdJ brt gagLjik.

Fw : 8, 9 - tWikah xu xjghwW vgJ.

Fw : 10 - xudh bfLtJ nflW vgJ.

1. ifkhW = vghJ br cj; flghL = flikah bfhL bragl;

kh = kiHia jU nkf; (ga fUjhJ bg kiHF cyf vd ifkhW

brwJ? Mfnt bjhLs bfhlt br cjfS gaid

vghgiy. vdnt ntWbghUitg kiwJ tjJ. ifkhW

ntlh flghL vD bghJ bghUis khkhL vdhW bfhnyh

cyF vw w bghU vLJfhLtjh ntWbghU itg vdyh.

2. jhsh - f Ka brJ; jj =

28 29

yfz

1. ntlhflghL -

28 29

bghbsd Mnf wntuh; fhy gh

Jntg buh at. 7

brWeiu fh Rkf; Wtiu

fh Hfh jiy. 8

vj fa iajfh yiyna

brj fa bra. 9

bfhbfhf T gUtJ; kwj

Fbjhf j lJ. 10

mUbrhbghU

Fw : 1 - fhyjJ w TwglJ

Fw : 2, 3, 4 - fhykj ga

Fw : 5 - fhy thuht brajfJ

Fw : 6, - fhy thuht fhUgj w

Fw : 7, 8 - fhUFfh j csgifik njhwhJ mlFf vw

Fw : 9, - jFj fhy tJ iuJ bragLf vw.

Fw : 10 - fhUF, bragLjYF yfz.

1. Tif = u aF gwitfS xW (nfhlh); f = gif; bghGJ =

jFjfhyK NHY.

2. gUtnjhL = fhynjhL; xl = ira; uhik = fhk; MF = F.

3. mUid = ma bra; csnth = cnlh (iy); fUah = fhykJ =

fhykJ jf fUah brj.

4. fUD = idD; ifTL = ifafjjhF.

5. fyfhJ = jtwhJ.

6. Cf cilah = kdbtG cilat; xLf = mlUj; jf =

MLlh; jhfF = jhFtjfhf; ngU = nd fh thF; jifJ =

jikJ.

7. bghbsd = cldoahf; wntuh = btgilahf fho bfhskhlh.

cntg = gifikia cns itUg; xat = milat

(mila mur).

30 31

8. brWe - gift ; Rkf = gf; Wtiu = (mfhd) W eh tjnghJ;

Hfh = Gtjh; njhWt vgJ bghU (jiyHhf J gift

mt).

9. iajfh - TotUbghGJ; bra = brf; miyna = mj fhy

ftjFns.

10. T gUtJ = idnk bryhUF fhyJ;

bfhF xf = bfhF ngh Uf;

j lJ = idnk brw lJ; fhy thjnghJ; Fbjhf = myF

bfhL FJtJ nghy jhFf.

yfz

1. vLJfhLtika. ctik xU bjhluhf bghU xU bjhluhf

f ctkU kiwJ gJ vLJfhLikaah. Tifia fhif

gfbtY (mJnghy) gif bty fUJthF jFj fhyka w

ntL vwthW. gfbtY - VHh ntWik bjhif, fbtY -

ulh ntWik bjhif.

2. xGf - bjh bga; uhik MF - vkiw idbar

3. mUid - gbjhif; csnth - Xfhu vkiw.

4. br - idbar.

5. fUJgt - idahyiz bga.

6. xLf - bjh bga; bghUjf - idbjhif; ngU - bgaU vgj

k%c.

7. bghbsd - Fbkh (iu F) - J ilbrh; xat -

idahyiz bga.

8. Rkf - anfh idKW; vjfh - fhW idbar.

9. bra - mW clghL anfh idKW ; vjF ma - vjF -

vfhy idbar.

10. bjhYtika, TjY FJjY Ma bjhfis ctjjh

bjhYtk; xf - anfh idKW.

30 31

(

32 33

3. cilj = jKila; ilf - eLnyna. Cf = kd vG; C =

braiy bjhl, Kjh - mjt (njhwt)

4. MF mikJ xGfh = ma ntjnuhL bghU xGfhJ; mstah =

jtik msit mahJ; jidajh = jhnd jid cathf

fU brUFWgt.

5. = knjhif; rhfhL - to; W = K, bg = Vdh, J

bkhjy. EtyhEt, xl vD mJ. xUt j giftiu

tikawtbuW fj MfhJ. tikawtnuahD fgyuhf xW

To bfhthuh tiks murD mtfis xU bghUlhf kahJ

fj fhuzjh njhw neU vgJ bgwglJ. thW fPjh

fUa bghUSF xjjhf ntbwhiw T mbghUis ygLJtJ

J bkhjyhF.

6. bfhg = Wngh; Ebfhg = is E; m~wJ = mtsid

flJ. J J bkhj. giftiu bty fUJgt jh bryjf

viy tiu kLnk bry ntL. khwhf nkY nkY brthdh j

cUF W njo bfhgt Mth vgJ bgwglJ.

7. MW = be ; M = bfhLF be; ms mJ = jkFs bghU

viyia mJ.

8. MF MW -bghU tU t; oJ = aJ; nghF MW = bryt t;

mfyhfil = bgUfhjh.

9. csnghy = csd nghy.

10. cstiu = jdFs bghU ms; fhj = MuhJ ghfhj; tiy =

iu; tstiu = brt viy.

yfz

1. idt, Jizt - Mwh ntWikbjhiff; bra - anfhidKW.

2. brth - idahyiz bga.

4. mah - vkiwidahyiz bga; xGfh, mah - (KWf vr

bghU tjd) Kbwr.

5. bgrhfhL - idbjhif; rhyFJ - cbrhbwhl; FJ - FJ

vgj wid.

6. bfhg -

32 33

g

I. Wdh :

1. UFw gFf ahit?

2. UFwSF tHF ntWbgaf ahit?

3. UtStUF tHF ntWbgaf ahit ?

4. mkuU cgJ vJ?

5. MU cgJ vJ?

6. kiyD khz bgaJ vJ?

7. xUik Mikngh - sFf.

8. nguths U vjifaJ?

9. eaDilah fgL brtF TwgL ctikia RLf?

10. bgUjifah fgL brt vjF xghdjhF?

11. WnfhjfJilJ vJ?

12. xUt Muha ntoa ehtif tikf ahit?

13. ilf Kjh gy - ah?

14. bghUis ngh tHF beahf tSt ciugd ahit?

15. bgrhfhL czJ cikahJ?

16. Tifia fhif gfbtY - sFf.

17. CfKilat xLfF fhlgL ctikia RLf.

18. bfhF fhykjYF Vw ctikahj ahd?

II. bgUdh :

1. mlfKilik wid tSt vd Jiuwh?

2. xUt ehtlf ngzntL vgjid Fw tna vLJ fhLf.

3. xuthsdJ brt gagL khid sFf.

4. tu bry xg tHFkhW tSt ciugd ahit?

5. xuntahD mstJ brf vW tSt ciuFkhW ahd?

6. Ebfhg Vdh m~wJ C cWahL - j

fzikj mid sFf.

7. J bkhjyia s FwnshL bghU fhLf.

34 35

8. gfbtY Tifia fhif fbtY ntjF ntL bghGJ -

jf mikj mid sFf.

9. ntWika vwh vd? ghlgF tJs FwghfUJ

vLJfhL jUf.

10. bfhF xf T gUtJ kwj

Fbjhf j lJ - jf mikj mid sFf.

III. beLdh :

1. mlfKilik g tSt TW fUJfis bjhFbjGJf.

2. xutj vw jiy tU fUJfis xU fLiu to tiuf.

3. fhykj - tSt ciugdtiw UgJ tf sf tiuf.

4. taj vD mfhu tSt TW fUJfis bjhFbjGJf.

IV. il njf :

1. j kh a ciy vW ghuhl bgWtJ?

m) Manrh M) ygfhu ) UFw

2. UFw vgJ,

m) milaLj fUahF bga M) gbga ) mbkhbjhif

3. mwJgh cs mfhuf vif

m) 133 M) 38 ) 35

4. mwJghfzikj af

m) mua mfa xa M) fsa fa

) ghua, ywa, Jwtwa, Ca

5. UFw bgUikia czJ Eh.

m) gHbkh ehDhW M) UtStkhiy

) eht ehkkhiy

V. bghUJf :

m Fw

ctika dh Rl cshW Mwhnj

ehdh Rl tL

ntWika bfhbfhf T gUtJ kwj

Fbjhf j lJ.

34 35

J bkhjy CU iwjnw cyfth

nguths U.

bjhYtika bg rhfhL kW kgl

rhy FJ bg

ait a gajyh ait

D kr gL

VI. nfhol lf Vw brhfis mikJ vGJf.

1. xUik ___________ Ijlf yh

___________ ilJ.

2. ahfhth uhD ___________ fhthfh

nrhfhg ___________ gL.

3. cilj ___________ Cf C

___________ gy.

4. idt ____________ khwh t

____________ bra.

5. gf btY _____________ fbtY

ntjF ______________ bghGJ.

6. CU _____________ jnw cyfth

_____________ U.

7. bg ___________ kW kgl

___________ FJ bg.

VII. yfzF vGJf.

mjDhcF bgw uhik MU

mth mfyhfil gj nfL

bghUsh cyF csnth bfhg

mlfhik bgrhfhL rhy tHFbe

mstJ njhwh bfL Ebfhg

nfh idt

VIII. J z jUf.

MU jhsh brtJ bghUbsyh

nguths mW Ijlf Ebfhg

bghUga bfhbfhf MfhW brh

36 37

IX. gFgj cWyfz jUf.

fhf Ug EiHJ Kjh

mlah thth ntuh MWth

thHhjh ajh mJ nrhfhg

gj brth

36 37

4. bjhliy br

(m) tfjhk

j bkhf sF IbgUfhafS xW tf

jhkahF.

jhk vgjF xFwhj k vgJ bghU. FWjyhj mHF

jeil bgUgjhY j khj j be itJ nghWtjhY

jhk vd jFilajhW.

fhaij a jHidF m brjt Ujfnjt vD

yt bgUkhdht. t nrhH ehil nrjt. rkz rkarhj Jw. t

eUj vw iy vGsh.

tfjhkF kz vw bgaU cL. ~J ehkf ygf

Kjyhf Kygf

38 39

jij ah klgny ahir lY mir jik

iybjh WEj bjt ghitngh

fiybjh glbt gho dhf

iybgh Fud;

38 39

jij tfl ahiHju gj

fjntnyW bgw

flil iz kh

Jbt JJ bky

eLj njh Tj

Gt oa nrnjh

bfhoY bfho

vwif khg ah

JJ bfhLnkh vwh. 5

tf ahid Muhj

jlfzh gdh

jhd iz bahid

beLfzh via

J odh

klfyd bkhdh

tUif btW bfhLj

ljPhd bjiyia

sf YW nehdh. 6

tf ah Fw mj

RuJ thd NKJ

bkbeh w Jna ngh

guj nf Jiwngha

igjh khg gRbghah

eu njdh bjdo

eyh iz bghyhik

Uj vyh whis

neh ir J brhdh. 7

s Jntlh;

tj Jnghf;

th sF v eyjh

th Qw Jelf;

40 41

XU cUnk J l

bjhf xbgh DFbfhona

rh fif Wtngh

w wk Jbtwh. 8

gytifahD MuhJ ah ebww

fnr bfh mHah

fhk ah btjtngh

bfhiy Ht RlgL

Fu btj J;fW

y Kj bjdngh

k khj JYiw

eah l mJbfhL

eif eyj Jbtwh. 9

Uy klij pw

UR bgD ifjh

Uey D bghPh

KyU kh gh

xUey f l

cLneh ehF

mUey f thth

mJ tj bjwh. 10*

mjahY Fw cik

bjhil eu ik

jyh bghGJ X

bjhil ait fhz

bP Jnuhk fhl

njfk X njhwh

brtD bfd ikj

thF ey if

th eu bfhlh 11

40 41

tf ah o ghLj

gtU igbgh gj

gid gts M

kfil kU thsh

khlf tu nj

mbgw xG ad

mJw eu eah

ff fhis bfhL

flyf tisf Ywh. 12

tf irf jij v ir bjhlf

gUJ HYngh ghL vHhY

UJjh tfnf nrjdbt bw

Ujhf ahg izjh njhgh

Ujh skngh ViHnt fzh 13

jij Fu eL njhWj

gbzhW ghl yJbthW gtisif

kbzhW bkuY theu nkelth

a lW eLeL

v khj irnjh Ujdns. 14

- Ujfnjt

mUbrhbghU

1. iy = ; iy bjh - (bjh iy) ngh eh Va ; WEj

= a beila fhjUt jij; bjt ghit = bjtjh brj

bfh ghit; fiy = irfiy; v = ahiH thJ; bgh =

nrhiy; Fud = tisjd; gwit = duJd vD gwitf;

it irnahL xg wjit. xiwbahW izah; MQ

bgQkh sFtd. fiybjh bghUj ghLj - gz,

gtliz, Muhj, ijtu, bry, isahL, if, FWnghF vw

v tifahd KiwikaJ ghLj. ah thjyh nrhiyf tisjd;

f jiu

42 43

fikah fl Joah bfhowirah

gzs thnjhwh gbjah vit

fsh eWbja ifjtnd fjUt

cshs ghl cz. - vgJ ir ku.

ghtif : mWfbeoyo MaUj. 2 - 12 MaUjf.

3. nfhij = fhjUtjij; KutJ = Muthj; njd = tLf Tl;

vHh tif = ah TWghL; u = (njhailjtiu u vwJ) f

F; u = nghoF tj mjz; vky = KUfky; du = ah

a eu; brth = fhjUtjij; csu = jlt; ciljd = njhwd;

ghl = lWghl; bgh mdh = Ukf nghth (jij).

4. Lfiz = W l m (vagl m); ir = ntf nghy;

bta = Ugjf; = Fiu; fh = fhW; fhau = fLfhWnghy

iuj eilidila Fiuf; fhJ toEid = bfhy ciyfsjH

KUffhJ tofgl Ta E; mef = mHa klg; Eid = Tik.

5. fj nt = ciwW vLj nt; fl - fhL; nt VW bgw = nt VWjiy

bgw; iz = bgkh; kh = ka; btJJ = bgU_brJ. G =

j; bfhoY bfho = xU bfhoia jG kbwhU bfhoia nghy

zhgia jG; njh = zhg; a = y Xl; bfhLnkh = bfhLgh;

cJ bfhLjyhtJ = ntW gy ahfis bfhLJ ahH mtdit

cjJ wF ey ahiH bfhLj.

6. jlfzh = mfw ffisila fhjUtjij; v = ciw; bkh

= tik; klf = f; beLfzh - zhg; sfYW = mf

v.

7. bkbehJ

42 43

= nkfjU kiH (kiHaha gh) f = mHF bghU; nehehF

= fbt, mf, fLfhW, jbzw H; it ehdhY

jhfgL j brHj; thth mJ = thdh btlgL.

11. jyhbghGJ = beLneu; X = brh; = KWF; bjhil

= fshyha khiy; be = js, cilJ; th eu = l

KWfkikj eu; mit = eif; ah ewhf Uj jdF nrkkhf

euig kL bfhlh; ikj = tf; ey = tf j; X = Tj

(Tjiyilat)

12. gj = ah X cW; th M = xbghUa; ff fhis = ffsh

fHgl tf; gid = gytha ntiyghL cs; flyf = flyh

NHgl cyf; khlf = ah euig GJ fL fU; gtU = thj

bjhny tU.

13. ghL = thah ghL ghL; vHh = ahHh clhF ir; gUJ

HY nghghL vHhY - gUJ mj HY nghy ghL

ahir izahJ xUj. gUJ gwFlnj Kiwna

caJ myfW MJ D mKiwna nknk cawh

nghy ghl ntLj thW ctfglJ; Ujhf = (Jtiu

yhj) Jikahf.

14. khj = fhjUtjij; gbzhW ghlyJbthW = ghL ahir ntW

ntwhUj; lW eLFj = Fu eLFj; v = vz

idHJ; kQj = gQj. (thj) 13, 14 M ghlf fUjkh.

yfz

1. v - brhirasbgil; WEj = mbkhbjhif; ghit -

ctikahFbga; iybgh - ulh ntWik cU gaD clbjhf

bjhif; iy bjh - Mwh ntWik bjhif;

2. fUbfho - gbjhif; Ufl - gbjhif; folW - cbrhbwhl;

fabdLf, gtsbrth - ctkbjhiff.

3. ky - idbjhif; nfhij - ctikahFbga; vky - ctkbjhif;

brth - mbkhbjhif; (fhjUtjij) xg - ctkU; du -

gbjhif; csu ... ciljd - brabt thghL idbar; eug -

idbjhif; bfhghl - idbjhif.

4. Lfiz - idbjhif; nl - gbjhif; toEid, sbfh

- idbjhiff; thgil - UbgabuhL gbjhif; mLiu -

idbjhif.

5. fj nt - bgabur; bfhLnkh - 'nkh' Kiyair; ah - gbjhif.

6. md - ctkcU; , cJ - idbarf; beLf - gbjhif;

lj Phd - bgabur; jlf - cbrh bjhl.

44 45

7. RuJ, KJ, behJ - idbarf; vd - ctkcU; bghyhik -

vkiw bjhbga; wh - idahyiz bga; vyh - F

idKW.

8. nghf, elf, xf - anfh idKWf; mk - Kiyair; xbgh

- g bjhif; XU - mir.

9. fif Wt - ehfh ntWik bjhif Kiw bghU tjJ; eah -

g bjhif; eyjJ - F idKW;

10. ifjh - VH bjhif.

11. thF - br vD thghL idbar; fk X - mbkhbjhif

(idbjhif wJ wjJ).

12. fhis - ctk MFbga.

13. UJjh - idbjhif; nt fzh - ctk bjhif.

14. elth - brah vD thghL idbar; eLeL - uils;

lW - wjJ ja vrik.

g

I. Wdh :

1. jhk - bga fhuz jUf.

2. jhkF tHfgL ntW bga ahJ?

3. jhk vjid ygff csd?

4. Ujf njt idj ntbwhU ahJ?

5. jij ahirah fjd ahit?

6. jij irkunfg ir tHaik ahd?

7. bfhoY bfho - sFf.

8. gUJ HY ngh - ctikia sFf.

II. bgUdh :

1. tfjhk - ya tuyhW jUf.

2. tf ahgh fl Fwf vit?

3. tf ebwW fl ah wf ahit? m fl Fw ahJ?

4. jij tfF njhwij sFf.

44 45

5. lRo bghU sFf.

1. eubghL iz eh eljnjh

2. JJ bfhLnkh.

3. eif eyjJ J.

4. njfk X njhwh brtDF.

III. beLdh :

1. tf fhjUtjijia ah ngho btw fia bjhFJ

tiuf.

IV. yfzFbgGJf.

ntf, Lfiz klfyd bjhil

bfhLnkh fjnt njdhbjd v

ifjh gRbgh thF eah

eu csu bfhlh

V. J z jUf.

iybjh ntnyW th bjt ghit

mJw njd l gbzhW

thgil gRbgh sbfh vwif

igjh cUnkW bjhil

VI. gFgj cWyfz jUf.

iejh xf thF bfhlh

ghodh KjJ njhgh Ujh

ciljd cwh odh brhdh

Kdh nrjd nehdh

VII. tU mofis bghU sFkhW bjGJf.

1. Uky fky jf nld Kutbjhg

2. s J ntlh; tj Jnghf

3. XU cUnk Jl bjhf bth bghDFbfhona

4. Ujhs kngh nyiH nt fzh.

5. gbzhW ghltJ bthW;

VIII. nfhol lfis Vw brhfsh uf.

1. tfjhkia aat __________________

2. jhkna vW miHfglt _____________

46 47

3. tfjhkF ciuflt _________________

4. tfjhk gW tU ghd _______________

XI. bkhw tsg mf.

1. Ukz vgJ u mogilwh mikUjJ. uf VWjGj,

fwbtj, bfhy Kja u brafsh ftugL kf mufis

khiyljhf yaf TWwd.

bfhnyW nfhlR thid kWik

yhns Makf

-fbjhif

2. vGJfis Xir FwhJ fhJ xJ gHFj ntL. e mUik

jbkhf mikj brfis brh ghJ Xir ea gHFf.

F :

catw caey cilat atdt

katw key kUd atdt

matW kkuf sg atdt

JauW Rluo bjhGbj bH kdnd

- ekhth

beo

ahjhD ehlhkh uhkh bybdhUt

rhJiz fyhj thW

- UtSt

nfshe is isF nfLglu wkU

nfhsha Fgt nfhba bgUkhnd.

- UPhdrgj

KLF

$k tsh cy khlk VJ nghbyhU

nrizid neU ;

nfhfdf ndhj mju!

kyth wbjhU thij brhyhnsh.

- ghujhr

46 47

(M) whuhz

iwt Uj ef ehaf mtf a tuyhid vLa

a j whuhz.

w vD mu brh j kunfg wh vW tHfglJ.

wh vgjF thif vgJ bghU. uhz vgJ tuyhW. vdnt

whuhz vgjF ef ehaf thif tuyhW vdyh. yhjJ

fhl, E tJ fhl, {uJ fhl vw _W bgU fis

5027 Ujghfis bfhL yFtJ; it Kiwna wafhl,

brbghUfhl, bryafhl vd gL. bgUkhdh wjJ sik

ffS UkzK yhjJ fhl ciufgLwd. thdt wh

_y Ukiw ef bgUkhdhF mUsglJ mj kf eljit

EtJ fhl ngrgLwd. kfij L bgUkhdh kd

brwJ iy Wjfhf fj nghfS w {wJ fhl

tiuagLsd. whuhz ef ehaf th KYkhf gho iw

bragliy.

g} mFkJ kiufha vgtjh bgUkhdh a Uth KGik

ghoKojh. m~J d wh vW tHfgLwJ.

whuhzij aat ckWyt. t vlau foif KJ yt

khzt. brF mJ fh kiufha vw ts jfh ntLnfh

tznk ckW yt whuhzij vGj bjhldh. KWW Kdnk

jfh kiwjh. m fh vw ts cjah whuhz iw

bgwJ. ckWyt m fh mtfis gy lf id TJ

nghWtJ FljfJ.

ckWyt KJbkhkhiy vw vgJ ghfsh Ma iy

giljJsh. fhy gndHh whL.

ll gly

giftfSF yglhthW ef bgUkhdh mgf vw j JiztnuhL

bjs kiyFif jUjhf. xU rka mgf ko jiyrhJ

bgUkhdh J bfhlhf. mj kiyFif iwa tisf Ujd.

mtW xU tis tahf ghbghW jiy oW. mgf bgUkhdh

cwfJF ilW thuhtz jkJ nkyhilia J mj bghid

miljh. gh ntbwhU bgh tna jiyia l mjid JJ

mgf miljh. go tisfbsyhtiw milJ L xU bgh

tna gh bttjJ. nkyhilJ KY J nghdjh mgf jkJ

csfhiy itJ mj iHia miljh. dKw gh mgf fhiy

gyKiw oW. bgUkhdh J fiyJ l Tlhnj vw fnthL

mgf jkJ fhiy mfwhkY mirahkY Ujh. eR jiynf kaFW

bghGJ ehaf Unk f jhf. enr mykU j Jiztiu ghJ

48 49

cwJ ddhf. mgfU fjJ ciujh. bgUkhdh ghid

ghJjh VJ F brahUj nghJ dJ oabjbdd dhdhf.

gh bgUkhdh UKf fhQ nehnfhL fhJ ljij UKfij

fhzayhjthW mgf jLjjh oaij vLJiujJ. bgUkhdh

ghF mU JLjhf. enr kaUj j Jizt ghjny

jkJ Uth Ca v mKjjh eR Ugo mUdhf. bgUkhdh

v mKj jlt bgwJ nk Va eR J mgf iw ey s

bgW ehaf Unkia gJ bjhGjh.

ll gly

ehafUnk mtf mgf ko gLJ JYj

efiu lfW fhN efl JiwJ njL

fyt f fhzh Ujt UF fhiy

fy gf br koir bghUj thr

fu nr ts brGJ t jhdh. 1

gh jiyLj

kiwe Jyh w kiyKiH aj fnz

FWtis andf khnfh tis bfhLf btth

bjWJis iug zh Wbgh glj brN

blWt fa ghj Ujiy o wnw. 2

mgf tisia ailj

goao gug brah KfkJ g Tu

koir Jwh j tisl ju fnlh

otbj thnwh btd btU beRisJ nghj

lit J R ngJwh jilJ wh. 3

tisf xW kL milglhUj

xUtis a ah kiljd cuf

48 49

gh mgfiu Lj

wgl fjh ntf bghf brtJ

kiwgL tisF shj tYl beJ o

FbghL bfj ehF FiHtw J th

Lwgl s jh fa Juf knw. 6

mgf fhiy vLfhUf gh L L Lj

gL tis fhiy Ly foJ vd

bfhbghL bfj ehF Fiwgl

gbghL cliy gLl kidJ

abghL ntf bfh lofo foj jnw. 7

e ntf V mgf kaFjY bgUkhdh jY

gdU bfhoa ntf guJl midJ jh

br gug rnw ij kaf njhw

jiy jsuh Js jhis bga lhk

miy Ujh br aFkJ jh unw. 8

kafK Uj mgfl ef dhj

kl uL br kiuky j bjd

at j ff j gf jik

ba nehf rnw kafK Ujh fL

a fhuzfnsJ csbt fY bkwh. 9

mgf gh oaij TWj

Kl oUS shj KiH bah wiyia l

jlbfhnfh of yhjh whid J fhY

bjhlyh tz fh jiljd Jisg ghj

lf fhw btF foj jnw. 10

ef ghl dht

mUkiw bghUsh nwh mikj gdfnk ahf

tiundh Lf QW tU jdk yhk

gl cdahJ FwK gw Jnlh

jiubd Kndh Kdh aa jtW Knlh? 11

50 51

VbjhU Fiw brj it f bjzhk

j ytiu nghy beLil aj tJ

Jw bfhoa ntf jiy bfhs dJ

ntjid glth itj bjbdd iu nflh. 12

gh kWbkh TWj

beoa fhyKbwhU ga idjt fLJ

Ko ngh jLgt butiu Ku

joj ebwD mdh jojnj a

go ndhjt ybdd iujJ ghj. 13

ef ghD fU a mgf eR f bgWj

mut fw vy gfbr kyjh

jU bfhL th bfhLl kfy

kiu j J id udh th

iua wjl dbrG fKf kJnt. 14

Us fa fut fbud j

g bgL mj clbyyh guj

fa btl midij mQtw foJ

brh fhbfh labk khrw Jilj. 15*

gd fbfhL lbgU gUtu J

D brf nty gfU wyh

kd kdt KfkJ el tiu

irf bHhL aidbjhG Ujh. 16

- ckWyt

mUbrhbghU

1. fh = fhL; ef = kiy,

50 51

5. fh = ngbuh; eiw = nj; bghJS = u; gu = f; ldw = l

yhjthW.

6. bfj = gf; ntf = d; csjh = csfh; thLs =

thiasJ; faJ = gaJ;

7. mbghL = dnjhL; bfhL = fbfhL; gL vgJ

brnshir fU gL vd tJsJ.

8. gdU = brhyayhj; ntf = e ntf; br = jiy.

9. kiuky = jhkiuky; at = iwt; fY = brhY;

10. nfhof = Mil; fh = fhW; fhW = cJ.

11. gdf = gh; tiu = kiy jiu = .

12. il = tis, bghJ; jyhjt = yhjtd

13. joj = bfhYj; Ku = khWgL, gifikbfhL

14. iuaw = Fwkw; kiu = jhkiu (

52 53

9. kiuky - KjFiw; vd - ctkU; k - KfJFM tjJ ctk

MFbga.

10. Jisg - ulh ntWik cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif.

11. mUkiw - g bjhif; nwh - idahyiz bga; cdahJ -

cdF + ahJ - Fafu. ( = + )

12. beLil - g bjhif;

13. idjt, jLgt - idahyiz bgaf.

14. brky - g bjhif; brGf - gbjhif; kyjh - ctik

bjhif; kiu - jhkiu, KjFiw

15. btl - g bjhif.

16. brf - g bjhif; D brf - id bjhif

g

I. Wdh :

1. whuhz vw bjhl bghU ahJ?

2. whuhz vjid fhlfisilaJ? mit ahit?

3. whuhz bjhlf KW bgw Jiz w ts bgUkf

aht?

4. ckWyt - Ma F tiuf.

II. bgUdh :

1. mz bgUkh kiyFif J bfhlJ ahd?

2. gh braY mgf brif ahit?

3. milglhUj tis thia mgf vthW miljh?

4. gh mgfiu oaJ V?

5. JYzj ef dh njhHil ahit?

6. ef bgUkh ghl daJ gh kWbkh ahit?

7. mgfUF bgUkh eR jUaJ ahd?

III. beLdh :

1. mgfUila m Mwiy ef bgUkh mtiu eR

jUaij s tiuf.

52 53

IV. tU mofis bghU sFkhW bjGJf.

1. efiu lfW fh N efl JiwJ

2. otbj thnwh btd btUbeR isJ

3. ltuiw gh btaQ btD njhwh

4. Kl oUSshj KiH bah wiyia l

5. VbjhU Fiw brj it f bjzhk

6. beoa fhyKbwhU gyidjt fLJ.

V. nfhol lfis Vw brhfsh uf.

1. ckWyt Ma __________ Mth.

2. bryafhl vdgLtJ __________ MF.

3. dwh vwiHfgL iy aat __________ Mth.

4. ckWyt aa kbwhU __________

5. ef bgUkh mgfUl jUj Fifs kiy bga

__________

6. ghj, cuf, gdf, g, mu vD brhf bghU __________ vgjhF.

7. ll gly __________ fhl csJ.

VI. yfzF tiuf.

kKf gLl foeiw

Jisg ir vWt kiyKiH

myh kiuky FWtis beLil

mUkiw fyt jsuhJ

VII. J z jUf.

bfhLf kiuj brky tyjh

btl brGf ldw khrw

Wbgh tYl mUkiw iuaw

Jisg kyjh

VIII. cWyfz jUf.

ciwJ R Jilj btU

fhzhJ miljd Ujh vzhk

nr jld J Kl

fnl myh cisJ

54 55

IX. bkhw tsg:

ll gly csJ ngh mj bjhk br ntW U

xLf.

v.fh.

xL :

1. guRuhk j khzhf fd ko jiyitJ cwf, tblhW

bjhilia FilJ FU bgUf brjJ. fd j Ma cwf

fiyjyhfhnj vW fU mj bfhoa Jgij jh bfhL

mkUjJ khghujbr.

2. maof ikj _j UehfuR gh l bgwJ fL

mguof `xW bfhyh' vw njthugf irJ fSny ca

bfhlJ bga uhz tuyhW.

cL

ntWgL rkabkyh FJ gh

sFgu bghUns isahlyh

khWgL fUiy Ko nkhd

th eungh tawkh

- jhkhdh

ehw g

illhJ brh gHFf

1. fu tl tiu Fa jU

brUbyhU bghU byd nfhod

2. j.J ful fl jl

j iwT kU is

jus jdF iyL.

3. ndW bfhoKiy Lbfhiy foKiy

btis gis MndW.

4. KJj c tUbkhU Ukf.

54 55

() kndhka

ehlfj fS jiyaha widilajhf sFtJ

kndhka. ehlf fhafsh w bgW sF tlbkhF

56 57

tf uiu

mf : 4

fs : 1

fhy : fhiy - gilgfs. khj - tftG - uf

tf : mjz tsF brjH jY

ehl khdK _oa d

mnwh thndh bfWnk ct!

tj fatE ij bfhSa

btjH ftnu jd MFf!

uf : MFf ! MFf !!

tf : W J ujnkh J

Wf gy fJnk j

ghoa cik ghuhL gd

l Uj mtj brUF

Rjju mtF; Rthrk wW

id ewh fdD jid

vdKu riwnk vir ahF!

j ngh VL fha

j fJ brakh JkF

Kj lj Kiu ah

vjid jiyKiw yfh F!

uf : n# ! n# !!

tf : nghF fhank f fha

ahfJ thF M! M! nehF

mdj jiyKiw tUj khf

dd jhkD gF Rjju

jjj Kndh behj bz

ija U Jt f

vwh y uJnfh lfJ

mnwh miw mnah mJ

nzh f fnz vtnu

56 57

glh Jy fGl giljh.

fGl g fGl nghbk

fzfz njh fzfz kiw

zgy tbuyh wjh bugnth!

- nguha bg. Rjuis

mUbrhbghU

brjH = nf _Lw beU; thndh = njtf ehlkd =

ehLgW; jd = wF; cf = f; (C) Uj = giftfns; Rthr =

_RfhW; nf ciHUgJ. brakhJ = (rayR) btUkf;

yfh = Fah; milahskh, nghFfha - ngh

58 59

III. beLdh :

1. giluid neh tf ciuj uiuid bjhFbjGJf.

IV. yfzF tiuf.

btjH fGl MFf MFf vgnth

l nghF dd id

V. J z jUf.

btjH nghF bz ehlkhd

fGl ahfJ d tbuyh

mtF Kuriwnk

VI. cWyfz tiuf.

l miljh MFf njh

thF Uj bfhSa

VII. il njf :

1. kndhkaij aat.

m) Rjuis M) RjuKt ) Rju

2. kndhka ftU Jizfij.

m) tfh rgj M) tfhrj ) tfh brt

3. Rjuisia nghW KfkhfjHf muR WaJ.

m) gfiyfHf M) muritfPg ) mwflis

4. kndhka ehlf MfF Jiz w My

m) ufa t M) Xbjnyh ) nkhrgaz

5. tf Jtjh nfhil Wa l

m) Jnfhil M) kJiu ) Ubent

VIII. bkhw tsg :

tf ciuj uiu nghy ehLgid tsF u bkhfis f

njo gYf.

ghuj ehL gHbgU ehL

uj jt idtf wh

ghuj ehL ghbfyh yf

uj jt idtf wh!

jhU ehil jfL nyriu

khl Ugh thnkh thbfh

- ghuah

58 59

U tubgLj taY MW

njae thfhY tifg L

benru cGJGJ ga isF

iwiH njhfbsyh vt njhf?

fsJ kiysJ ff bto

fUbayh brJjj ifjh ahif?

bghWfis flKij kF yij

nghbaLf mla _ brt _R?

- ghujhr

rj mf

ejhjk efhjy...

enrw ejhiu

enjank tnje

behjhJa jnjt

jh be wht

jjht jhH

mongh mlbfLngh Kf

ongh FlbyLngh L

bghongh tirJil nghK

Fongh tjLngh

elngh beho

vd thF

bgUKuru bgaU.

- Rju is.

Ma ehaU gu

NaU brhY a thrf - tnjkhju!

btnj nghD

behnj khD

enjrj!

Utnj brhtJ

tnjkhju!!

- ghuah

60 61

(

60 61

cyf irah uUwJ. irbagJ muFf irfgL

bra irkLkW, Vo vGjglhkY fUfsh irfglhkY

fhW KGJ fyUgJ irjh. thbkh yakh kf yakh

gu lF irj bjhl lbkyh jLgLtJ cL. mj ir

cUtfkhf eh bfhStJ F. FghL vw ghu gil ir

bgUik ngrgLwJ. ghu F irkany fLL lj gF ekJ

ghl gFahf jugLsJ.

mUbrhbghU

th = fl; nfhbwhoah = bgf (cyifia bjhoaj if

bfhl bgf); FFbtd = (beoF bgf br) xF; giz

= tabt; ntFH = yhFH; gf = irghLf.

yfz

fhdgwit - VHh cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif; tisfuf -

ulh ntWik cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif; fyfbyd, FFbtd -

uils ; nuhir - Mw bjhif; bgUfl - g bjhif; ghna -

jik xUik idKW; gHF, ghL - id bjhif; thF fU - brbk

thghL bgabur.

g

I. Wdh :

1. ghuah KbgU fshf Rl bgWtd ahit?

2. ghuah ela jf ahit?

3. ghuah trd fijf ahahUila fijfnshL xlgLwd?

II. beL dh :

ehoY fhoY ehbsyh ebwhF ghLfshf ghuah

vtiw FLwh?

III. yfzF tiuf.

bgUfl, fyfbyd gizklth, tisfuf

ghna, thF gfU.

IV. cWyfz jUf.

bfhLnj oF CL thF

xF

62 63

V. J z jUf.

fhdgwit, TlKj, mUbah khDlbgf

bgUfl, nuhir tisfuf, gfU,

ebwhF.

VI. bkhw tsg :

Vwghil mJ bfhf

_iy nkny

F gnu

F giu

thF fnuhnd

62 63

5. yaf

(m) mHf isL J

mur xUt knwh murDF Jtiu mDtJ gHfhy Kj

UJtU tHfkhF. makh juhf xsit brwij weh}W TWwJ.

kjfis kLk cUs, cuw wbghUfis jDtjhf fgid

brJ ghL tHfK mW UjJ. Jnt fhy xU ya tifahf

cUthW.

J bjhwhW tif yafS xW. jiyt xUtid

fL fhj bfhl jiy xU j fhjiy thwhikia btgLj

U jiytgh J mDtjhf ghLtJ J yakhF.

gwU fbt gh dhny

caiz bghUis m~iz bghUis

r Lj KJW bjd

ghoa yt ehod bjnj

vW yfz sf gh, yfz TWwJ. btlis ua

fbtghth J ya ghl bgw ntL. md, k, , F, tL,

ber, K, bjw, kh, j KjatW ahjhD xiw jhf mDt.

UkhUnrhiy kiy nfh bfhoUF mHflJ gyglil

brhfehj is vw yt ia JLtjhf mikJ ghoUgJ mHf

isL J MF.

~J VwFiwa 250 MLfSF Ka yhF. fh btgh xiw

239 ffis cilaJ. gho ulofis f vg.

brhfehj is kud gyglilfzF vD xUtif gia

brJ tjd. t jijah bga brhff is. kJiu Kknfhit,

bjw L J vgd t aa ntW y f MF.

mHf w

mto kh duto kh

bgabjhU wJ - fa 1 *

tiu jl njhsz tfha To

miu L nrid aU - cUudh 2 *

gQ bjhiy gifJy fhk

JQ gobayh KlU - btbzl 3 *

64 65

jid jjgh nghjhk nygJ

ntjid bgW btW - ghjtij 4 *

jSeil L jtJ isahL

isik fhj bgah - xiHah 5

bfhiy bgiz FiuahF Uajh

fiybg zhF kyfhdh - brhfF 6

ghu KJfilj ghayh - ztfh

Mu KJfilj tifah - ehl 7

tfh dfflj thljh ntLtF

bkfh dfflj odh - v fhj 8

bts jndh ntiyF nkjnjh

csJ shDyF fghyh - bj 9

btl btWbt nyW njhwhjh

l UJ ilahjh - jlhbj 10

vny kha bdDng dhbyhngh

fzbdD bgauh fhngh 11

- gyglil brhfehjis

mUbrhbghU

1. f - 1 m = f; mu = t; eu tokhbad J, eubdD

mtjhu brbjW bfhSjY MF. f euf mtjhuij

RoaJ. fto kjtokhd X mtjhu; wjJ.

2. mz = ua; fha = cl, czbghUnshL nrF gytif bgho;

nrid = ira, nrid (wj FHijF KjKj ehL );

mU = cL; cUudh = iybgw toit cilatdh; cUu vw

flsh.

3. gQ bjh = fhj bjh, yfh - kiz FiHl

bghL; yij fhj. yij fhj FHijfSF kbghoLj

ku ; gobayh clU = CfhyJ cyfij j thD nghL

mfJ mla bra; go = cyf; goah = goah msfgL mah Ma

urhj; jid = fzDF gh bfhLgJ ngh eR bfhLJ fzid

bfhy frdh mDgglt.

4. ntjid = Jgij, uknjtid; ghjtij - kUj kufis; ghjtij =

Mufhfisila rfu oa toia, rfl.

64 65

5. xiHah = xa Mguzij mj kf.

1-5 tof FHij wjY nridaUjY yfhgjY gh

nto mGjY jtjY eilLjY Ma is gUt ff uLw

bkhjyhf brhygLsd.

6. bgiz - gidku (bfhiyYs gidia FiuahFjF fhuzkhd;)

kf klnyWj; a ugj cs bga Ukl Kjatwh

magL. atHif fL kf klnyWt vgJ fUJ. bg = mfif;

fF = Ukirahth khzhfuhd ffz bghUL.

7. ghu = gS, Rik; KJF milj ghayh = gh gLifia njh

ffzF nd brwt; M mKJ filj = ma mKjij

filj; njtF Ughfl mKJ filj uhz br; ehnahL =

jhuhonahL.

8. tfhdf flj = ta jlfhuaij flJ brw; ntLtF =

rubdD ntlDF; bkfh eff jj = bka fh effis jj

(fzuhDila fhiy khdhf idJ ruij vJ fzuhDila

ghjbkW mJ tUa mtDF il mjh vgJ tuyhW);

klf.

9. Kjyo Ku mikJsJ; (mndh, jnjh) ntiy = fl

(ghfl); csJsh = f mikUgt; cyFF mghyh

= f nrikUgt (nra, ma v ij wkha -

Ukifahth ghRu)

10. kha = fa wKilat, khiaia cilat; fz = vyh fY

cst (vyhF f nghwt)

yfz

tfha - gbjhif; miuL nrid - vfhy bgabur; jjgh,

filj ghayh - wjfhy bgaburf; kyfh - ctikbjhif,

tfhdf - gbjhif.

66 67

g

I. W dh :

1. jhf mDgjf bghUf ahit?

2. gyglil brhfehj is aa wf ahit?

II. bgUdh :

1. J ya yfz vGJf.

2. uLw bkhj vD c isL gW tU ghid

t.

3. tfhdf flj thljh ntLtF bkfhdf flj odh -

tof mikj mid RLf.

III. beLdh :

1. mHfj wfshf mHf isL J TWtd ahit?

IV. yfzF vGJf.

wJ fhj MuKJ

tfha kyfh ghayh mto

V. J z jUf.

tiu jl, nridaU, yfh bk fhdf,

csJsh, clU

VI. gFgj cWyfz jUf,

jtJ, fhj, fhngh, njhwhjh

66 67

(M) ffJ gu

gu vgJ j tHF bjhwhW tif yafS xW.

ngh Kid Mu ahidfis bfhW bt bfhl uiu ghLtij gu

vwd.

Mid Mu mkil btw

khd tDF tFgJ gu

vW yfz sf ghoa gu yfz TW.

gu vw eh fhia akid j bjtkhf bgwJ vW

mehdh tj bganu YF bgauhf tjJ vW jjhjh c.nt.rhehj

Ia TWt. njhwt bga gu tHfbgW.

j Kj Kj vGj gu ffJ gu. 509 jhirfis

bfhlJ, . xl Tj ffJguia `bjj bjtgu' vW

wJsh.

ffJ guia ghoat brabfhlh. t Kj FnyhJf

nrhHDila mitfs ytuhf fjt. tuJ fhy 11M who

Wahfnth 12- who KgFahfnth Uj ntL. fhy

ytuhd gyglil brhfehj tiu gunfh rabfhlh vd fJ

ghosh.

e ghlgF fhF T TaJ vw gF l bgwjhF. IJ

fjhirf l bgWsd.

ff ehoUJ tj ng fhnjF Ta ngh btikahd

jikf gy gF TwgLwd.

iwa xrh khy gL ff vW tHfglJ. meho J

ngh bjhLf Kj FnyhJf nrhH j giljsg fUzhfu bjhilkh

vghiu mDdh. mtj bt FJ ghLtnj ffJ gu MF.

tiuff jiknru khir ba

tW gjk Fiw th

miuff cl ff buyh

mkzbud iHjhU mnef uhnf! 1*

ntljh FiwahJ K Mf

btiy eh koL ah fif

Mlngh jfgnl funj vnw

mjid LiHjh mnef uhnf! 2*

68 69

nridko fsfnlh ifJ nwh

bjYfnu vW y ff jf

Midk idjhs oJ F

loghz vd iHjh mnef uhnf! 3*

tfnk bahUt iHjh iy

vGff njhaf vG itj

Rtfnk cly lf vF

bjhlJo jWjhK mila thnf! 4

flff vJra jg eho

flf takh jdK bfhL

Rlgilth mgado mU ndhL

Nodh tila nfh bjhil khnd! 5

- brabfhlh

mUbrhbghU

1. tiu = kiy; nru = KW; khir = gig; v = clh;

tW = ta jf; Fiw = vs midJ kiu; miu - L;

ff - Mil; ff = ff uf (ff iwa xrh khykh);

cl = fisagl; mkz = rkz,

2. K - K yhd ; iy = ; eh = ( Kid flgL)

fW; L = jJ, funj = kiwnjh; mjid = gifia; mnef = gy

3. ko - wj; fs = nghfs = ff = ff uf; FL mo = mof

J tz; ghz = Mogho thG ir thzf.

4. tf nk = tfis ju; vG ff = VG fis bfhl ff

ehL; m = myhk; mila = KGik.

5. vJ = mJ; rajg = bt; eho = W; flf = kjahid;

takh = Fiu; mga = KjFnyhJf nrhH. mUndhL = mUshY,

tila nfh = fUzhfu bjhilkh; ffngh btF

fhuzkhd jsg.

yfz

khir v - ulh ntWik ; tW = gbjhif; btiy -

gbjhif; nghJ - idbar; fs fnlh - ulh ntWik bjhif;

FL, vJ, eho, bfhL - idbarf. flff - ulh ntWik

cU gaD cl bjhfbjhif; mUndhL - cU kaf; jik - ilFiw;

gjk = bgabur.

68 69

g

I. W dh :

1. ghoa TW guFa yfz ahJ?

2. gu FJ c.nt.rh TWtd ahit?

3. brabfhlh FJ F tiuf.

II. bgUdh :

1. mkz vW T iHjh bra ahJ?

2. ghz vW T iHjh bra ahJ?

3. ff eho j iHjd ahit?

III. beLdh :

1. ff uf vthbwyh j iHjd vgJ FJ

bjhilkh bt FJ t?

IV. yfzF vGJf.

tiuff jik khirba gj k

vGff btiy nghJ vJ

fsbfhnlh

V. J z jUf.

K MlnghJ iHjhiy flff

btiy

VI. gFgj cWyfz jUf.

mfgnl funj ifJ iHjh

nghJ mWjh.

70 71

() KJFkhuRth is j

flsiunah muriunah wiunah FHijahf ghJ mtj FHij

gUtij gJ gUtfshf gFJ bfhL gUtJF gJ Ma

Ujf mika ghLtJ isj yakhF. isj 96 tif

yafS xW. mJ Mgh isj, bggh isj vd

UtifgL. fh, briu, jh, rgh, Kj, tUif, m, , Wgiw,

Wnj Ma gJ gUtfis mikJ ghLtJ Mgh is j vW

W cs _W gUtfSF gyhf mkhid, uhl, Cr Ma gUtf

mikJghLtJ bggh isj vW TWt.

KJFkhuRth isjiH ghoat FkuFUgu Mth. jhugu

efiuYs UitFl rKffhk fuhaUF tfhk

RjF kfdhf wjh. wjJ Kj IjhL tiu ng Ujh.

d Ubr KUf bgUkh UtUsh ngRwbgwh. mt

fjfbtgh, dhaik isj, kJiu fygf, be sf,

fh fygf Kjyhd gy yafis gilJsh.

ekF ghlkhf tUgJ briu gUt cs ghlyhF. briu

gUt isj ulh gUtkhF. bghU bjahj xia FHij vG

gUtij FgJ J. sFHij f f vW TwnfLjh cfF gUt

J, bth kHiyia fhoY s gUtij cilaJ. ( - brh) bjho

is jiyiaa ifah C clig mirjiy briuahLj vg.

u Rit L fjK a bkj yuhnk

bghU GjG jy bkFu fkhnk

fiuW krd EL fky tthnk

fYfY d yU goJl fUto zhnk

cUt kW bjho YijJ bdhgj nehthnk

xUjh S baGU if xUF gJ

jU bgh UKf kira tir jhLf briu

M ta ehj Ff MLf briu.

- FkuFUgu

mUbrhbghU

yuhnk = twL lhk, fhahk; fKj = Fu njJ kFj; u =

bgUu; fkhnk = f bfhshk; tthnk = tfhk; mrd = fik;

fYj = mGj; fYd = ikia fiuJ tU fyf f; jh = fh;

briu = FHij ngr bjhlFK brw xFf; taehj =

UFntq (itRunfh)

70 71

yfzF

bkj, bkFu - gbjhif; EL - gbjhif; fky -

cUtf; dyU, mUbkh - ulh ntWik cU gaD clbjhf

bjhiff; bgh UKf - idbjhif; MLf - anfh idKW.

g

I. W dh :

1. isj yfz vGJf.

2. FkuFUgu g WF tiuf.

II. bgUdh :

1. MLf briu vW FkuFUgu ntLkhW ahd?

III. yfzFbgGJf :

uRit bkFu Ca

GJ xgj MLf

IV. J z jUf.

RitL, mKa, bkj, EL,

briu

V. gFgj cWyfz jUf.

, Gj, gJ, MLf

72 73

(

72 73

Mkiy bafSnfh Vjkiy ank

Mltdh vfisjh mikjkiy ank

baw ehtuK bfhLjkiy ank

aK rhfhk wkiy ank

rhjidah ngwF bfLj kiy ank

jgud vikanf rj kiy ank

ngjfkh ehfsij lj dnk

bgjynf vfSF bgakiy ank. 2*

- jir ntjehaf rha

mUbrhbghU

1. njhuf = Jghlf; Kiyy jiyt = fhL fhL rhj lKkha

iy yJ thG nkgf; enru rhf = naR bgUkh

bgynf khL bjhGt wjnghJ th X obt njhW.

mjobtia fl fjf cyf g njhdh vW cyFF

czd; m fjfis ciujthW; Vf - iwt. mlhJ -

beUflhJ.

2. Mkiy = KjKjyhf sa kiy; Vj kiy = Vnj njhl sF

Vnj kiy; jgu - iwt.

yfzF

mUjt - gbjhif; jhdjk - cik bjhif. ngfzf -

Mwh ntWikbjhif; mikj, bfhLj, w, rj - bgaburf.

g

I. W dh :

1. jir ntjehaf rhah vGa wf ahit?

2. vtif m mik bgjynf Fwt mikJsJ?

3. yaf vjid tifgL? vitnaD IJ vGJf.

II. bgU dh :

1. Fwt - bghJ mikid vGJf.

2. Fw Vj kiyia g ciugd ahit?

3. Vj kiy g mtd ahit?

74 75

III. beL dh :1. Rthr Fwt njtnkhF Ta kiytsij t?

IV. yfzF vGJf.

mUjt jhdjk

mikjkiy ngfzf

V. J z jUf.

jbuyh, yjiyt, mUjtf, ehfsij,

74 75

9. KjFnyhJf giljsg

m) mUbkhtk M) etk ) fUzhfu bjhilkh

10. Mgh isjGF bggh is jGF bghJthd

gUtf

m) 7 M) 6 ) 8

VIII.bkhw tsg.

Ritf yafis njo gYf. J, Fwt, gS, is j

Kjat Rit Eff.

v.fh.

fhdUF tayUF faUF flyUF

a tUd iu njbt klehuh!

njdkjh Wbjhl brfhl Fonka

thdkU rilahbf tUjbr Wiuahna. (J)

- njthu

thduf f bfhLJ kbahL bfhR

kJ ffSF thff bfR

- Fwhy Fwt

MW bts ehistu njhWnj F -

kiyahs d

76 77

6. kWky ghlf

giley Jyik gHbgUik mjid gilgh eh! bjhL

brth jGF JiwnjhW JiwnjhW JobjGnj vgh ghntj.

gHik bgUikia mojskhf JiwnjhW KF a fsfis

ghLbghUshf bfhL vGjitjh kWkyyafshF. tiw

RitJ bghUJ mahjnrhf etfij vdyh. it khl

GbghUfis mtyfis a nehFl ghF; j a fiyfis

irnjhW njJ brjGF nrF.

a mQFKiwf, j a fgidf, goknehF tiwila

iwehghtyfsh j ya a bridbgW vW egyh.

ghtyf ekJ kubgD kQF nt%atf; JikbaD

QF is Lgtf. a vGia ig mthgtf. mtj

gilf y nf ghlgFahf jugLsd.

u fP vW ghntj vW mP bgUkfsh ghuhl bgWgt

ghujhr. ghuah J bfhl mstw g fhuzkhf Rud vw

bgaiu ghujhr vW kh bfhlt.

29-04-1891- Jnr fdfrig - yFakh vgtUF kfdhf

wjt. siknyna buR bkhY j bkhY wj yik bgwt.

j bkhlJ j kflJ Muhj m lt. j eho

uN frnjh vW ghuhl bgWgt, (uN frnjh cUa eho khfP)

`ciu czit tsgJ jnH' vW g j f ahtU fwt

vWiuF iy v lh Jgf F Rf tU be ik

clhL u tU vW jHfhf vGat.

FLgsF, ghoa gR, UlL, jH f, nrujhlt,

uhijah, mH , FL Ma fhafis wth f

bgw vzw ghlfis aat. taa uhijah ehlf rha

mfhbj gR bgwJ.

th brikia brgt na vw t jthJ ghliy

Jit muR jdJ jjh thjhf VWbfhLsJ. jHf muR ghujhr

gfiy fHf W t fiH nghsJ.

F vw ya jiH eltj j Jit F 21-4-1964 mW

aif baaJ.

76 77

(m) vehnsh?

vdU jeh of

vnyhU f fW

gdU fiyPh djh

guhu kjh, mgh

cdj kkiy ngh

XL ba

wh vW knwh

ag nfol vehnsh! 1*

ifw uf

fjf thd f

bkw f g

Phd fh af

itJs jH f

ita Jik vd

jf rhiy vF

JFeh vj ehnsh? 2

jhba wiH, vw

jH fij jid

Mu bkh fhz

mth bww

njhW kJ MW

bjhlbjw br tJ

gheh vj ehnsh?

Mij gfth nf. 3

btsngh jH Tl;

ubfh Tl; mdh

cs jhxU tnuk

Wldh gyuh fhgh

fsjh beUbfh zhnj

vdita fyf fL

JSeh veh? cs

brhFeh vj ehnsh? 4

ffS x nghy

fky thr nghy

bgfS Mf jhK

bgUj ehL j

jfl fj mgh

78 79

rkhdjh Mdh vw

gtJ fh gha

gUFeh vj ehnsh? 5

- ufP ghujhr

mUbrhbghU

guhuk = u; cdj = ca; kkiy = kakiy; = f; fj

= nghw; rkhdj = xjcik cilat; g = ghl ; JF eh = ajhf

mikF eh; brhF eh = kah kaF eh; ghtif : mW fbeoyo

Ma Uj.

yfz

ag nfol - brabt thghL idbar; mUj -

gbjhif; JFeh, gUFeh, gh eh - idbjhiff; gfth -

idahyiz bga; jfl - gbjhif.

g

I. Wdh : 1. jehlh vjifa ia bgw ntL vd fP fd

fhwh?

2. jf rhiyf Uf ntoa J fshf ghntj ciugd

ahit?

3. fP br tJ gha ntoa br ahJ ?

4. ita fyFkhW jH brajfJ ahJ?

5. MltU kfU rkhdj Mf ntL vw fUid fP vd

Tsh?

II. bgUdh :1. vehnsh vD jiy fP TUgit ahit?

III. yfzF tiuf. gfth, agnfol, gheh

IV. J z jUf. vw, ba, ifw, bgUj,

bkw

V. cWyfz jUf. ag, gfth, fhg, wh.

78 79

(M) fL Jik

w kyfbsyh f my

adth tUtbtyh Jik my

80 81

mUbrhbghU

80 81

() Ljiy isj cik

flW thny jtw fhid

ifJ brjhU iy

fhykh Htid Phynkh flnsh

fLiw itj iy

bkhblW tJbt kyuhF Kiyia

_oit jhU iy

_thj PhW btyh fS

Kiw gl iy!

jo itaf jjnjh cikia

jilbra Kiwik ahnkh?

jhaf, jhaf Jst fJs

jkij kWf yhnkh?

btLf jisid vwnth Funy

jnj moik vz

Ljiy! Ljiy! vDnkh irny

isjnj cik vz!

moikf vbfyh UD mdt

fhdj jUt njheh

Mf btaj fhny tgt

fwbkyh tHF nkheh

oik mrK Gnkh ehsnj

Ljiy sF nkheh

ajF a Jizfl k ~ijna

Wl bgw njheh!

FofS bkhfS dfS gtif

F fl KW

TLw bthdh thGnk ayhJ

bfhLikah tht iy!

moikba bwhUtU vzhj tifny

mtut cik fhJ

ML cwid mikL ehid

mdh bfhL nrngh.

- fauR fzjhr

82 83

khw vdJ khl jJt vW ghoa faur fzjhr

WTlgony njha ghL gwit. go bjhof vyh jkJ iuir

ghlfsh fj fP. gHj ya crhuijbayh jkJ

ghlfny vLjhlt. jHf mu murit fPuhf sat.

rhjg-rhyh vghUF kfdhf 24-6-1927- wjt. Kijah

vw bgaiuna fzjhr vW khbfhlt. bjw, bjwiu,

rlkhUj, Kiy, fzjhr Ma jf Mauhf sdh.

IjhuF nkgl iugl ghlfis vG f bgwh. tUila

fijf fzjhr fijf vw bga gy bjhFfshf bt tJsd.

mjKs Jkj vD fLiubjhlfS, naRfha vD

Y t fiH vW iyWJ.

ka khy muRf UJfis, rha mfhbj gid

mzhkiyaur id gid bgwt.

17-10-1981- aif vdh.

mUbrhbghU

jo = Fiw; fhykhHt = fhy. _thj = _gilahj; =

; jis = yF; tgt = thgt; oik = tWik.

yfz

btKiy - gbjhif; _thj PhW - vkiw bgabur, Ljiy

Ljiy - mLF bjhl; tgt - idahyiz bga. FofS bkhfS

dfS - vQik.

g

I. beLdh :

1. `Ljiy isj cik' baw jiy faur fzjhr

ciugdtiw bjhFbjGJf.

82 83

(

84 85

jis

cyf KGJ gka - tsK eyK thbtW ifo miHwd.

mtiw brbwj Mt JowJ ekF.

njit eik loJ cJwJ. kJ lF itaJ gfis

EfJ kH, milaKoahjtiw jj ta Kaah bgWbfhs

el nguhw cL. Mdh vJjh jisgLJwJ eik? rhah? kjkh?

bkhah? ehlh? vjid jilf? vjid jisf ?

flW bry fbtny Js g Efu jilgLJ jisf

ahit? V w Koaiy ekh? w Tlhjh eh? fLgL gHUF

gHfjh btWehitRH iw bgWnwhkh? vjid dhfis vGwJ?

j fij! fP nguhw J. ghl xgwit vw UJ

vLfgLsJ.

yfz

FSFSbtW - uil s

g

I. bgUdh :

1. jis vD ghl _y fP czj U bria sFf.

II. J z tiuf :

nrhs bfhiy, %W, mfybjho

84 85

(c) f

ff

j ugr

td gf f

ik ija

bfhlh ehoa eLtdh!

Ut bfhoaUnf

bghik cns

cUth RHY

cs Kiuf!

Mkh

m itj njid

cbgW J

Cik tLf!

knk Kj Kj

kj eilnghl

ghij brhjj

ghy gf

jh fU fh

uh# trj

Kifah jitf!

bksd gf ntis brhgdf!

gf Uil ghgjF

giljtnd V itj

ghit sFf

FULF bghL itj

nfhy xgidf

fiy ghit fuf

f Ukhf!

ikjhs bfhobahU

irya ruhL

86 87

bksd eldf

kdeho Jtf

iunjo kdgwit

vnwh wJ itj

U thf

Kf s U Rlf!

fhwh mizw

ifsF gyL - itnah,

_R

fh mizw

f sF.

- eh. fhkuhr

eh. fhkuhr 1942- kJiu khtl ngho-dhu uhk wjh.

jij ehKJ; jhah yR mkh.

kWky f fPdhf fG fhkuhr mtf ku fijfis

J fijfis vG j bkhF ts nrJsh. uha rjfSl

Jghit fH gok fijf gytiw vGsh. 1971- bttj fW

kyf bjhF , fij cy xU Ugij cUthabjd mPf

ft.

Nafh, rfhuhit jhlhj xlff, jh{kfhY buhoJL

Kjad tj gilfshF. t j jid J; jJt thjJ.

ff

gokfshfnt tot bfhoUF fijf mHif fhf. cUtf

vw tHF J fijfny gok vW tHfgL. mjF gokf a a

mffhfis njhWF. brhYF MjhJ lF Uik

JyfK j gokf thyh njh njh kiw. J fijfSF

c th tHFtd gokfns vdyh. fJt fhfis tF

brhyhfns gokfshF.

mUbrhbghU

ugrtd = cyfkhafhL; ikija = ikfSFns ijJ

lF bgUbrt; Cik tLf = Fuyh fUjfhk bksdjh

bghUSzJ fa wJ tLf nghY ff. Mkh bkhia ngR

f Jf; gf = tfhof.

86 87

jhfU ... jitf = jh fUigaha nrhiy Ijh khjkha

trj fhy bkhlh kygit. FULF bghLitj nfhy xgidf =

ghitawt f; f Ukh = fiu njhWgit; kdeho

Jtf = kd fUij mf tjit ff; fhwh miz

ifsF. J _Rfh miz sF -Kubjhil.

yfzF

gff - VHh ntWik bjhif; Utbfho, kdgwit - cUtff

g

I. bgUdh :

1. ffis vthbwyh fhkuhr fgid brJsh vgij s

fhLf.

88 89

(C) j tf

iww bghf shny

Uw iu vyh

iwJnk bfhL tnjh

izyh gRik vD

u brJ btnwh

F Uj j

twljh Fo Tl

thjh gUFnwh!

t gzij nghL

tsgij nghW j

tf ekF ntL

thkiH zh fhk

jL tz L

jiuid mikj ntL

bghL Fsf V

F mikJ fhngh

- e. fUzh

fP e. fUzh 28-03-1939- fl khtl jgu wjt.

bgnwh u.enlr, tfhakh Mth.

mzhkiy gfiyfHf yt gl nj Kj tF nj

bgwt. Ujt muR nkiyg KJfiy jHhauhf gah

X bgWsh.

bjhfha KGikF ciubaGsh. brid thbdh

iyajhuh xguggL bkirghlf gytiw t vGsh.

ekFns kyuL ezf vD tuJ fij UJ ghl

vLfbgWsJ. j tf vD brhyh ghuhljfJ.

yfz F

izyh gRik -

88 89

g

I. bgUdh

j tf vw jiy e. fUzh ciugd ahit?

II. yfzF tiuf.

izyhgRik, thkiH

III. cWyfz jUf.

gUFnwh, mikj, fhngh, btnw

IV. bkhw tsg :

csij csgo btisah ghlyh - go

mz vgt jF _jt

iz vgJ bjUD ajJ

j vgJ jhf jgJ

m bagt mz kidna

ghfhtJ fKf gH; gUghtJ Jtiu

nkfhtJ H W ghjhyJ bj.

90 91

7. tghL ghlf

j yaij gntW rka rhj ytf tsgLsd. gyrka

gghL bfhL a bgUehL nknyh sFwJ. j d

jytf jj rka flis th tz ghosd. irt,

itzt, jt, bgsj Ma rkaf rhj ghlf gF l

bgWsd.

(m) tbgUkh

ehkhF Foanyh ekid anrh

euf lgnlh eliy nyh

Vkhngh anah gnth knyh

gnk baehS Jg iy

jhkhF Foayh jik ahd

rfue rfbt FiHnah fh

nfhkhnf ehbkW sh Msh

bfhkynr toizna FW ndhnk.

- Uehfur

(M) Ukh

MkiH fzh! xW iffunt

M F KfJ bfhlhJ V

C Kjt cUt ngh bkfWJ

gha njhSil ggehg if

Mngh , tyngh wJ

jhHhnj rhf cijj rukiH ngh

thH cy bglh, ehfS

khf uhl knjnyh vghth!

- Mlh

() naR uh

_thj Kjytid KJRU bkhbghUis

Xthj bgUFzj jkid yfidJ

rhthj gofhf JEbtLJ JrfL

njth njtidah Yitir fnlnd.

- v. V. UZzis

90 91

(

92 93

Ughit mUa Mlh vlh who W gF thjt.

gU MthfS xUtuh bgahth ts kf. ehah Ubkh,

Ughit vw U bjtgDtfS Mlh mU brjitahF.

mUbrhbghU

MkiH fzh - kiHbjtnk! kiHF mg (g#a vW

TWt.) M = fl; C Kjt = fzuh; M = rfu; rhf = ;

ghanjh - tikila njh (gh = tik)

yfz

funt - vkiw Vt idKW; cijj - bgabur; thH - brabt

thghL idbar; bglh - Vt idKW.

() naRuh

naRuhid thJ ghliy ghoat v.V. UZzis Mth.

Ubent khtl fiuU vD C 1827 M ML wjh. tj

bgnwh rfu ehuhaz is bjt ehaaik Mt. bA MuL

vw bgaf RUfnk v.V MF. j Mauhf gaha tuJ

gilf ngh Utft, ura ahf, ura kndhfu Mait.

t vGadthf brhybgW ura Fw, ura ghy nghjid

vgd bghGJ ily. ekF ghlkhf tJs ura kndhfughl

f Uj mikYsJ. ura kndhfu f kdij fiua br

g ghlf bjhFghF. ura ahfK ura kndhfuK

KY ntW ntwhd f my. ura kndhfu bgUgF ura

ahfUJ vLJbjhFf bgwJ MF. tiu Jt fg vd

ft.

mUbrhbghU

jEbtLJ JrfL = ifoahf W KKabaLw

(JrfLj - lhoahf xU braiy KW elfhLjYF tHfgL

tlhu tHF)

yfz

bgUFz - g bjhif; fL - br vD thghL bgabur.

(

92 93

mUbrhbghU

Uj = jUj, kJ bgUjJl Uj; Uid =

eid, id; guJ = ah bjhGJ; xUkd = khWghL yhJ xU iygl

kd; XF = fl; flJ = btW; bjhGjf = tzFjFa; ehtif bghU

= mw, bghU, g L, ngh = murku; Kgif = fhk, btF, kaf Ma

_W giff; Kt = Jw; F jbgUkhid FwJ.

yfz

guJ - jik gik idKW; H ngh - ulh ntWik cU

gaD clbjhf bjhif; xUkd, Uid, Kgif, ehtif - ms g

bjhiff; fh g -

94 95

IV. J z jUf.

Jgiy cyfidJ anah btFiH

KJRU nrto bkhbghUis

V. gFgj cWyfz jUf.

mnrh fhf FWndh v

F flJ cijj fh

VI. bghUJf

1. Kj _W njthu UKiwf Mlh

2. 4,5,6 M UKiwf Rju

3. VHh UKiw UPhdrgj

4. Ughit Uehfur

khfthrf

VII. bghUJf.

1. Jt fg mg

2. kU ah Mlh

3. bgahth ts kf ju

4. unrha ghoat UZz is

UPhdrgj

VIII.bkhw tsg.

brhisaho gHFf.

1. bfhah gHJF bfhL; fhYL;

TW vUJnfh uL iy

2. njfh kuny khfh gf bthU

idk bfhif nehF

3. xUfh vGjl Ufh KogjF Kfhiy

bfhL eh ehfhYF VFif IJjiy

ehf bkhW mrhk fojjlh. (neh)

mjF gJuju u rJU

g fh thnj. (kUJ)

94 95

1. bfhah gH - bfh - xiw bfh, JizbaGJ

(bfhL, fhYL)

vUJ - uL iy

2. nj + fh + ku = njjJw nrhiyF UF ku;

bfhF - khku, nrhiy sF khku fh gf id k

kuijna ghJ wJ.

3. xUfh - Na; Ufh - fhiyfl; Kfh - ifoF nfh;

ehfh - jRy; IJ jiyehf - beUK; fojJ - FaJ.

gJuj - jruj; u - uhk; u - Rt; rJU - th

g - jhiu; fh thFj - jhiu vg cs JizbaGij Fj

(jiu)

Ko: beUK Fajh? jiuny nj.

---------------

96 97

ciueil gF

1. fna mah brt

- kiwkiyaof

btsjh mahJ bt jHyh

ntfhJ ntj uhY

bfhsjh KoahJ bfhLjhY

iwt Fiw whJ

fsnfh gaiy fhtYnfh

fvJ f baD

csnj bghUUf wghf

bghUnjo H whnu.

y eh njh y ehUJ yeh kiwJ nghtjha

kfSl wjtfshf eh vjtifahd brtij bgWjF Kay

ntLbkwh, vW mahjjh, cl mjhY jh mahk ekJ cbuhL

nrJ eik vyh wfY bjhlJ tUtjh cs myh bgU

brtijna miljF fQ fUJkh Uf ntL. V? mahj

brtijna bgw ntLbkD Ug e xbthUtlJ aifahfnt

fhzgLjyhY, mUg yhjtfis vlJ vfhyJ fhl

TlhikahDbkf. xU f, uL fJ nghF ikJfis

thf Unwhkh? guL gidJ f ahk mGjkhUF

ehL litfis thf Unwhkh? iy J Fah UjhY

mGjkh oUF Milfisaynth thf Mtbfhnwh! J

ifjtdhY GJ behW nghF kghlfis Hf Unwhkh?

nH jt GjhY cilahk tYth cs br fyf jis fyfis

ifahs Unwhkh? iy VUjhY l eh gagL brfyf

jis fyfis aynth bghU bfhLJ thf iHnwh. dnk eh

ehnlhW ifahL tU bghUfY Tl iu mJ nghfhk leh

iyUF bghUfisna eh mila Ujyh, e xbthUtUF

mah brtijna bgwntLbkD mth aifahfnt nt% wJ.

d mah brtijna mila ntLbkD mth ebkyhlJ

aifahf UjhY, KJ cs K x, gh _oa gts

wK, kh kiwj k JyfK, Til fj s x ngh eik

_obfhoUF mahik vD U mfgltfsh e mit HJ,

mJ nghF bghUfisna iyahf iHgl idJ, mtiw bgWtY

mtiw EftYnk ekJ fhyij fJ tUnwh ghUf! ektf

bgUghyh khlkhiffis Mil mfyfis jLKLfis

glfis ehlffhfis ntoif isahLfisnk

nkyhd brtfshf fU mtiw bgWtY mtiw EftY

96 97

lhKailatfsh Uf fhnwhnkayhk, J neukhD

mlf xLfnjhoUJ eik gilj tbgUkhid idf, eiknghynt

mthltdh gilfgl cf eikia fUj, mit gahY

nehahY tUJtij fL kdfJ u jkh aw ms mtF

xU ifo czthtJ xUfhR kUjhtJ cj mt Jgij nghf

bjtyik UtStehadh, xsit uhoah, fhiufh mikah,

nrHh bgUkh Kjyhd caj milnahuh mUbragLs mUbgU

fis X czu Ka thjtfsh cs Mbg ghyhiu fhgJ

mD mjh nghlnj!

M! eh iyahf idj khlkhiff Mil mfyf jLKLf

Kjyhditf vyh eh idjtz iyahf Ugitjhkh? iy.

iy. y MLfSFK IjuhghfY thaghoY nej

bgabjhU bts bgUdh vjid Lf vjid khiff yklkhf

JilfgL Uj lK bjahk mJnghd! mnghJ mnf bgU

brtfshUjt fbsyhU jkh mUtUJ xJfgl ViH Fokfis

fhoY jiyia miljtfsh, cz nrhW cLf J

jjj bjyh eh nfL ber beFU tUd mynkh? MuJ

bjhshuJ vlh Mo nkF ir cs wj efukha bkdh

godkhdJ y mdh mJ UF beUF iuahdJ, mnghJ

mgodUj IjLF MwLF khiffS, mt Uj mabga

glfS, mt Uj whufzfhd khjfS, mstw brtfS

beU btJ mnghd tuyhWfis bayh idFnghJ, eh

iyahf idUF brtfS brtfbsW fhzgLkh? mtiw

kF ekJm mbtW brhygLkh?

y ehf K nknfs Inuhgh fl eilbgw btisfhu

rildh isj mid, Inah! v xU ehdh vd brhnt! vnf

ghjhY brf brntbyw br fs, zfhL, u bto TFu

xkh Ujdnt! mnjafYs gJ gidJ khlkhiffSF

njtnfhlfSF ekJ bridgod KGJ

98 99

d btsjh mJnghtJ btbeUgh btJnghtJ

murfsh ifgwgLtJ bfhLf bfhLf FiwJ nghtJ ftfhf

eik mRgJ ghJfhgjF Fj tUjij jUtJkhd brt ekh

vneuK UgjfjbwgJ jdh J sFwjnwh? thW

brhYjiy bfhL eh brtij ntlhk tWikgL j kQy

tUna fhyff ntL bkW f idj TlhJ. ekJ kQyf

thif J elgjF, w cf Jgij nghF

98 99

yFfSF cL; Mdh, kf yFfD cajtf vW brhtJ

V vwh, eyJ J aJ J vW gFJzjyhD jiknghw cF

u jkhyhd cj brajyhD, flis bjhGjyhD, dbkyh

jkJ mit tsu brjFa gyfis fwyhDnk kf yFfD

cajtuhf vzgLwd. aj m braf iyahdh

yFfnsaht vW fyhjtfSF Egkhd m y neuf

fhzglhY mjid mthf bgnahf bfhskhlh fbsW

filatfns fQilatf Mthf myhk kwtf Kf uL

Qilatfns MthfbsW sFjfnwh UtStehadh,

ybfhL kf mida yF

fwhnuh nlid at

vd

fQila bugt fnwh KfuL

Qila fyh jt

vd Uth kyjUdh.

d mthf Mnwh, kfsh wj vyhF f

aikahJ ntlghynjahbkW TUf, m~J MkfSFjh

ntLnk ayhk bg kfSF ntLtiy baW ciungh cik

mjhuhtnuh brhYf! mUik jhkhfns, bgghyh kfD jhj

yFfsh Ujhynwh mtfF f ntlh vdyh? yf

thifia ewhf elJ Kiw Mkfis fhoYFj bghWik

Mj Ez ntoa mtfF fbaD lh ksif juhk

mtfis mahik vD ngU nghf brhYgtf cik mjhuhtnuh

brhf!

KfhyUj xsitah, j ghoa bgUnjah,

fhiufhyikah, kifafuah Kjyhd bgkfbsyhU f f

wjtfsh Ujik bjjt giHa eh bgkf vtU f ffiy

baW TWtnuh brhf!

bgUj lf iwEj yhbfyh

bghUJ brtK f jyh

tU tjt jY itfY

UJ k istd ahitna

vW f wj fg TUjyh Kfhy Uj bgkf vyhU

f tytfsh UjhfbsgJ J sfiyah?

, dbkyh MH idJ ghFfh M kfSF f

aikahjjh Uj nghynt, mtngh kf wduhd bg kfF

fahdJ aikahj m brtkhFbkgJ eF bgwgLwJ.

100 101

, mah brtkha fia bgW bfhtjF eh f

KaW tUtnjhL, caj fis fW tUnghnj mf brhygl

ebyhGffY eh gH tUj ntL. fwth flJ mlf

mlfhjh bghrhJ jik fJiug vwgo eh J bgUik

ghuhlhkY brUF milahkY, gj brhY gj braY cilakh,

vyh cflJ m ufKfho, ebyhGf tGthJ vyh

ty KGKj flshd tbgUkhid kdbkh bkfsh idJ th

tz cyfthifia J elh ehK gabgW w cfis

ga bgw brJ tUjny eh bgw mah brtkha fia gagLJ

KiwahF.

g

I. bgUdh

1. myhj brtij bgw ntL vgnj kj aif vgjid

kiwkiy aofsh ahd Jiuwh?

2. eh iyahditbaW kF brtf majfitna vgjid

kiwkiyaofsh vd fhosh ?

3. fna mah brt vgjid kiwkiy mofsh vd

vLJiuwh?

4. kf yFfD cailatf vgjid vthW fhosh?

5. bgghyF f aikahjnj vD fUid kiwkiy

mofsh sFtJ ahd?

6. mah brtkha fia gagLJ Kiwahf kiwkiyaofsh

ciugd ahit?

7. Inuhgh fl elj rildh isj m FJ

kiwkiyaof TWtd ahit?

II. beLdh

1. btsjh mahJ vw ghl tna f wig

kiwkiyaofsh ahd Wwh?

2. bg fia tW mofsh ciugdtiw fLiuahf

bjhFbjGJf.

100 101

III. bkhw tsg

1. bgfia tWa rhnwh gy. jbjw U..f. ghuah

ghujhr nghnwh ghlfis fLiufis nknfhshf fho

ya kw mik ng gHFf.

2. ekJ wf f mUik czuhJ gy thth. rhJs

ehLeygl, isP brYit rf, rhuz rhua af,

Kja mikf ngu, bjhl KHf nghw braghLf

Kidf. Kfh mikfgL bghGJ, gtaJ FHijfis g

nrgJ ilw yhJ g fia iw brtJ nehfkhf

guiu fJf.

3. cf C u neug (m) yhg Tl mikfgoU

khzhffis nrg ckJ gfid jUf. gWeuhf,

CFeuhf f g brf.

4. yfF brW cWduhFf. gyJiwfY mnjl

102 103

2. uRit

- e.K. ntflrh ehlh

Rit vD j brhY, u[ vD tl brhY xnu bghU cilad.

ehdh EfugL Rit MW tifgL vg. brah EfugLtd Fz,

myfhufsha brhRitfS, xgJ tifahd bghURitfS M. ehth

RitJ clit mbghGnj mWL. brah RitJ clit csnj

vbghGJ iybgW g gaF.

bghU Rit xgjhtd: eif, mty, a, mr, u, btF,

ctif, rkiy vgd. Rit zf nkFj br thyhf m f

thyhf fHhF.

j xUt cl KGJ rhg j Jfis Rfis

bjhLJ il cL my, vUf nfhJ kh mJ,

mGjY, bjhGjY, GjY vGjY Kjad brJ tUjiy fhQlJ,

mt xnwhblhW iaahj brhf gytiw ngRjiy nfFlJ eif

fwJ. ehlftu xUt jdhf eoFfh mtdJ brhfis

nflyhY eif vD Rit fG. kW mt afis mikJ eir

yt xUt ghoa ghoid nflyhY mRit fG. Vid RitfS thnw

ahD brahD EfugLtdthF, U bghfshY gKw czU

Egzilahf VidnahF Ritf czjfad vW Ma

bjhfhadh Tsh.

nkFj xgJ Rit rkiyahtJ rhj. mjhtJ Ibgh

mlfbgW w itD thD thshnghD jh tzD

kdahJ mtiw rkkhf bfhL F iyik. mJ cya dh

bgahf Vida vLnk fhaf gW tUtdthF.

Rit vgJ bkghL vW TwgL. bkghlhtJ cyfjh cs

f ML fjthnw wjhF ygLtnjhuhwh btgLj vg

nguha. wJ btgLtJ mfJznt Mf RitF bkghL vD

bga bghUanj. VwFiwa ehyhu MLf Kgl bjhfhany

bkghL brSWfS xwhf FfgLtnjhL, jahf X a

Jiuf bgW csJ. tlbkhthzf fhy jid D

J ciufyhd.

bjhfha xbthU Rit njhWtjF _ykhd bghUf eehF

TWwd. mt u vgjid bgUj vD brhyh Fwd.

ahtbuhL xg yhJ nkgL w bgUj vD brhyh u

FfgLwJ. f, jWf, ir, bfhil vw ehFg bgUj wF

vd mt Tsh. vdnt, ngh bra fhL Mikia kLnk mt u

vd bfhoy vgJ bgwgL. ehDS gil uK, bfhil uK

giHa yaf gy lJ xUF TwgLsd.

102 103

ey vw nrhH kd giftUl ngh bjhlFK TWw

td

bky tbj eyo bghU

104 105

vwh. giftiu btFL neha f mt ntbfhL vlJ

ikJLkhD uF mJnt njhahFkh!

jid jhftUw fJ if ntiy vJ mj ciu ngh

nkY jJ tU fid vjF nt eho ubdhUt j khny

ijJ lj ntid fL mjid gJbfhL kGwhdh! vnd

jHUila Mik!

j kwt ngh w fhLtJ vgJ vfhyJ iy. bt

gwjiy vD nghfs nrhH ffhyndhL ngh j bgUnruyhj

vD nru kd j khny ijJ cUd Q wzhF vd eh

thnshL tlUJ c jh vwh, mtDila uij khdij

vthW mslyhF?

KJFo wj kfU fuw u thifduht. euf nkbyGJ

njh iuj Ka xU j kf nghny wbfhLjd vW y Tw

nflh. mtSF clha dF msiy. v kf ngh wfhoaJ

cikah mt ghYl v mfij ijLnt vW nghfs

miljh; jh if bfhl thdh m fsnj lj zfis uo

ghJ tjh ; j kf, gift ntdh UTwhf ijJ ljiy

flh M! mtid bgw ehD ngUtif bfhlh!

kbwhU u kf Kjdh nghY mjF Kdh nghY j fztid,

jkakhiu Hjt, mW ngh Ku KHf nfL j FoF xUt

ngh brantLbkd U j xnu kfid miHJ FL vbz

btshil cL ntid if bfhLJ brUKf neh brf vd

Ljh!

weh}Ys uL brf d Twhwd. j kf

izaw uzF jD ntbwd rhW ntL?

jH jifa kww cilauhD mwJiw tG ngh brgtuy.

U bgU ntj ngh brtJ fUdh xUt xUt ehL thG FUfkhuha

mjzU bgoU HnjhU kz J kf bgwhnjhU vD

tfF MdfF VjKlhfhthW, ahngh bjhlFJ; Mf

EkF ghJfhtyha lij miluhf vW bjF aduht. kW

bghUfsY Kjf mownlhU, gilHnjhU Kjyhdhiu mt

bghUJ bfhthuy. vdnt, kD fhF mil ntjF kwJiwD

mwnk fG vf.

giftnk br tfikia nguhik vW brht; mtF

xU jh tjjh mJ J bfhSj bghUL fnzhlKl cj

brjiy mthikF Tik vW brht vD bghUsikJ tSt

Ta

104 105

nguhik bag jWf xWwfh

Cuhik kwj v~F

- vD br

106 107

W btgl euf bgUkh mz Tlijbayh

ikgs bfhW FJ W Mj iyfl ufyhj, D c

cs xW cziy nghY; M ntij tzFah c bwh

bghWg vW Twh g, ua mtid neh,

nfJ fhz sjnfh s nf

njhbshL jhS id JJ bd

thid bjhGt jyh tzFj kf Cl

ehD csnjh vdh mlf eLf efh

fg thah btgl ubkhf jHUila Mik is

vg Iaiy.

jifa brfis gW uRitia EfJ bgUj bkJj j

kf fldh.

g

I. bgUdh :

1. bghURit xgJ ahit? mtW eif njhW NHiy Ma vd

fhosh?

2. Rit vgjF sf ahJ?

3. u vD Rit FJ Ma Tsd ahit?

4. ey giluij bfhil uij vGJf.

5. gh gil uK bfhil uK FJ sFf.

6. KJFo wj kfUF uz FUjJ vgjid

rhWfSl Wf.

7. gHjH gilkh FJ Ma vGUgd ahit?

8. gil jH ngh beahJ? mjid fg j fha vd

fhosh?

II. beLdh :

1. Rit vD jiy xgh Rit g bkghL g xU

fLiu tiuf.

2. KJFowj kf ugig UFw fhL jH

gilkhia ngh befis s fLiuahf jUf.

106 107

III. bkw tsg :

1. uRitjJ ciuahlfis ng/eoJ kLf. EkJ

ciueil ghl f tU nghfsfh / ujh / tiw

ehlfkhf totikJ eoJfhLf. ughoa fl bghk, njFuhr

ehlff EkF gHfkhd uiufis ng fhLf.

2. fhQ fij jiyf fij vG egfnshL brh

gHFf.

1. fhgff - kHiyF KJikF.

2. bjho FHij - bg kf.

3. bjhyh - nkir JilF is.

3. njitaw lf td bkfis vGJf.

1. xsitna RlgH ntLkh ? RlhjgH ntLkh? vW nflh

KUf bgUkh.

2. CWfh itjh giHanrhW cns nghfhjh?

3. gofhj bgdh ik! vd ga isgh mj Mik.

4. u gf ghuhJ goJ nj bgwiyna.

5. brid brW Ug vts brythF?

(idbjhif, cikbjhif bgabur t t fhJ)

4. My brhfis j brhfis gagL vGJf.

1. T lJ Or iy nghf brhdhf

2. Kj mbl gh vwh r[jh.

3. j bghnf bfhLJ gth.

4. lhl mitgo fhu nrf TlhJ.

5. bu thl Ahbt g vyhF brhnth.

5. njitaw lfYs td bkfis vGJf

1. fzh fzh nf tJgh vW miHjh br.

2. goFgo brhdh fL bfhshk Ugjh?

3. KobfG ntj _tUF caJ. nugho aUSf vW nto

bfhlh rhjdh.

4. mGj fQ j FHY G goj clYkhf fz

nflh.

108 109

5. uhkdJ nrit mkJ wf xUglhj jdJ Fiwia

idJ Rt tUdh.

6. gygybtW bghGJ ojJ.

(ulh ntWik bjhif t fhJ, ntWik, Mwh ntWik,

idbarf y, uils, bgabur bjhlf Mat tfh)

6. wbkh brhfis j brhfisL vGJf.

1. ehis unjh[t Mjyh [fy fhahyafSF LKiw

mfgLwJ.

2. ehis Unthz eu Toa Rgd thA Rg KTj.

3. jhf gJ ufSl tUJ tJ-tufis Mtf

ntLnwh.

4. jh v maj ndj vW T rnjhjh.

108 109

3. fhsntlD fifntlD

- uh.. nrJis

jehL fhs kiyny njhdh xU ntl. tlehL fif

fiuny wjh kbwhU ntl. mUtuhY ntl FybgUikwJ. fhs

ntlid fzg vW, fif ntlid Ff vW ya cyf nghW.

UtU caa m beia filoJ mah f bgwd.

fhsehjgh itj mdh j fiz bgabjLj

fzg bgUik jehblF guwJ. viyaw mF mntl

bgUkhnd vLJfhlhdh.

fzg xgnjh mik fl

vdg vbdh vid M bfhlU

tz gbjid thbtw thfUiz

Rz bghwnf brjh nfhJ.

vW til neh ghL ghik fzgdJ viyaw m wid

khfthrf eF ssh. UthrfY njthu UghRufY

fzg bgUik ngrgLjyh irt rkaij iy Wa ehtUF mt

Kat vgJ eF sFwJ. fhs ehjid tza UPhdrgj

Fl ga fhgh ngh ntl bgUkhdha fzgid if bjhGjhbuW

nrHh mHfhf vG nghjh.

fF ehafuha fg uhk fhijia tlbkh fhaW

vLJbfhlhnuD mjid j ehlhUF Vw Kiw J abjhU

Ujhf mJsh. uhkl m l fif ntlid cUthF bghGJ,

fg cs fhs ntl tot fJ yfW. fhs ntlid fUthf

bfhL fif ntldha Ffid mt thJ toJshbuW njhWwJ.

jF ublhU rhWf fhLnt.

nfhry ehL sturdha uhk, jh brhiy jiybfhL jdFa

ehL JwJ fif fiuia tjiljh vW mj Ff, mFiy fhz

wglh. thf Kt vGa tlbkh fha Ff uhkid

fhz wgL nfhy, X mur knwh murid fhz vGw jik

mikUwJ. Mdh fg, Mltid fhz brY moatdhf Ff

nfhyij U mikJsh.

njth fH nrf tjbd

ehth ntLt ehaona

vW Ffnd TWjyh ik sF.

fhs ntl jda iwna j jiytdha iwtDF

ajhF vW mjid vLJ Coathnw Ff jda fifahW id

bfh njidnk vLJ bfhL brwh. muil uhk UK

110 111

itJ, Iand! njD D U bfhznj. njt UtKJ brjUs

ntL vW iw wh. mbra fG nghJ uhkDl Uj khjt

y ciuahobfhoUjd. mtf FfdJ kdghikia mahjtuh,

jfhj bghUfis ntl vLJ tJ mgrhu brJ lh vbw btJ

nehd. mtf kd fj fUid mj uhk,

majh ctg csJ mdh mikj fhj

bjju bfhzj vwh mKD j tnw

vW Uj khjtiu bjUo aUdh. jF neuhd bra fzg

ru cL. fzgDF a fhsehjid tnfhrah vD

nta Kiwgo rid brJ tjh; fzg iwia bfhL

Unfh lij fL brtbjhwahJ ftiybfhoUjh. mij

czj iwt mt fdny njh,

mtDila tobtyh egf mbgW

mtDila mbtyh eika mbtW

mtDila brabyyh eka thbkW

mtDila iythw ba wUbrth

JnrHh bgUkh UthF.

fhsehjgh m l fzgid nghynt FfD uhkid

Ufyhwhj kdghik bgwh. m khiy tjiljbghGJ uhk

Ffid neh, mgh! u c CUF brW ehis fhiy fif

ahiw flgjF glFf bfhL tUf vW brha bghGJ FfDila kd

mdilgl bkGF ngh cUFtjhW. v Ia, v Mlt, vid ngh

vwhnd! mtid L eh vthWnghnt? mtDlUjny vdF ngg.

mtid Ujh bgUJg vW v uhkid neh, Iand! eh

nghfyhnw;

110 111

v bgUkhnd! mnah khef mahrd kd kddh kKo

jJ brnfhny murhS nfhy fhz ntoa cid ril Ko

ku jJ fhdf mkUf fnlnd! v f brj ght

flD bgjnwh? j nfhy cid fl v ffis gbjahj

ghna eh. MD, Iand! cid L nghf vdh ayhJ; vdhaw

WbjhL brJ bfhL

112 113

thsh kftJ Clt nydny khJ brhd

Nsh sik Jwft ny mny bjhL brJ

ehsh flJ mgt nydny eh brW

Msht bjgo nahU fhs mgUnf

vW mf FiHjh. Inah! bgw isia thshyJ iwtDF dKl

tnydh? Uyfl ngh kidah, itj Miz flthJ siknyna

Ibghfis btW, g Jwf tnydh? MW eh gHa ghik

Muhj m thJ fiz gJ, iwt ff mg tnydh? jifa

bghfdha ahD, bkaoahngh eoJ, lfnj Fl iHnw vW

cs Jwtikj caa mof cUFthuhd. flnjhF fljyjha kf

ghr j xU bjhl, bga W bjhluh ngW bgwh. kidah J itj

ghr Jwj kbwhU bjhl iwtdJ mFauhdh. f wj

cWiy vwJ,

112 113

vW kd tU bkhjh. mnjh! fho thG fG ntjD, eho

thG e ntlD, fhoa mig eh fhl ayhjt dhnd. yif khef

iwUj nrhfjhsha eifia nf bfhL tu taW btWikahf fL

tnjnd! eyhF l isF mufid vJ, mt ufis bfhJ

bfhzuhJ btW ifadh tnjnd vW thdu kd tUdh.

fhony fG ntj Ma flikia ehony fif ntl Ma

eikia mnthkh, thdu udJ brhbghU J sF.

fhdf jash Uj ijaiy yif ntj tridah ftJ kndh

ntfkh