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Tap into London
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Facts and Figures
1582First machine to pump water from the Thames
1612New River is dug. Eleven private companies form to supply growing city over
the next 200 years
1825Quality of water seriously
degrades due to the growth and lack of
sewage system
1854Cholera epidemic strikes
London and forces government to pass water safety laws
1899Quality improves with new sewers and new
reservoirs.
1859The �rst free public fountains appear,
mainly installed by religious �gures
1902All private water companies are nationalized.
1989Water Board is privatization but
government regulated
“Our History.” Our History. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xchg/prod/hs.xsl/850.htm>.
A Brief History of London’s Water
Gleick, P. H., and H. S. Cooley. “Energy Implications of Bottled Water.” Environmental Research Letters 4.1 (2009): 014009. Print.
Energy Consumed Producing 500ml of Water
energy involved in bottled water
Making PET resin from oil
Manufacture of bottles from resin
Transportation of resin
Water processing, bottling testing,
labeling
Transportation of empty bottles to water source
Transportation of �lled bottles to stores
Chilled and displayed in store for consumers
Transportation to home by consumers
For use by consumers at homeDisposal
energy involved in tap water
Local Bottled WaterExample: Buxton
0.005 MJ equals to
0.067 ml of oil
Tap WaterExample: Thames Water
Distant Bottled WaterExample: Fuji
Water processing and piping
5.6 MJ equals to
75 ml of oil
10.2 MJ equals to
138 ml of oil
energy involved in bottled water
Making PET resin from oil
Manufacture of bottles from resin
Transportation of resin
Water processing, bottling testing,
labeling
Transportation of empty bottles to water source
Transportation of �lled bottles to stores
Chilled and displayed in store for consumers
Transportation to home by consumers
For use by consumers at homeDisposal
energy involved in tap water
Local Bottled WaterExample: Buxton
0.005 MJ equals to
0.067 ml of oil
Tap WaterExample: Thames Water
Distant Bottled WaterExample: Fuji
Water processing and piping
5.6 MJ equals to
75 ml of oil
10.2 MJ equals to
138 ml of oil
How People Drink Water
Waste Invovoled
2 billion litres of bottled water sold in the UK in 2010or800 olympic swimming pools�lled with water
1 Billion 500 ml bottles
225 Million 1.5 litre bottles
75% ends up in land�lls, parks, forests and oceans were it will stay for a very long time
25% gets recycled into things like Polar Fleece and strapping only to be thrown out in a few years anyway
360 Million 2 litre bottles
80 Million 5 litre bottles
Siegle, Lucy. “Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012.
A research tool was designed in order to gain insight into how people feel about bottled water and tap water. The tool asked users to associate words with tap, bottled, both or neither. This tool was great to find out the consumers thought but also effective as a prompt of past experiences.
Word Association Tool
Bottle Lover
Easy Going
big fan of tap water and doesn`t really like bottled
�lls water bottle before going out for environmental reasons
word pro�le shows a love for water but a distrust for bottles
drinks from the tap but it took some time to get used to taste
doesn`t have strong feelings about tap or bottled
may buy bottled water when out if it`s a hot day
word pro�le shows a positive overall view on water
likes tap for convenience but prefers the taste of �ltered water at home
Word Association Map of Results
PersonasHealth Concerned
these words show a negative association with tap water
these words show a positive association with bottled water
these word apply to both and reflect people general positive
associations with water
dislike and distrust of both tap and big bottle companies
�lls bottle with tap water that is �ltered to remove chemicals and particles at store for free
word pro�le shows a distrust of tap and bottled water
drinks local, mineral water at home for health reasons
Quotes from Tap Distrusters
“Sometimes tap water leaves a bitter after taste in your
mouth. So even if I was to drink tap water I would invest
in one of those filter things. Ultra violet light or boil
water.... Although, it’s not just the taste that’s why I would boil”
“There are a lot of things really. Again the pipes they
might rust, the metal type. You drink a lot of rust... Its just the pipes that are the concern”
“The taste is a bit different from bottled
water because I believe bottled water is distilled. And for tap water I don’t know the process. Some people say that tap water is drinkable as well
and even in my workplace, although they do supply bottled as well in the big bottles.”
“If I buy this at 17 pence of course I prefer this
because I’m never to sure about the water at home. The quality I mean.”
“I use bottled water for drinking and for cooking.
For soup for example... It’s more healthy I think”
These quotes were collected from shoppers who were buying large quantities of water at a local supermarket.Distrust of Tap Water
Key Facts• represents a about half of people interviewed• dislikes the taste of tap water • when pressed, issues of trust and the unknow also emerged as factors• unsure bout quality of tap water so he always has a reserve of bottled water at home• unsure of long term health effects
Key Words from Card Sort• Bottled Water: trust healthy, natural, soft, pure, minerals• Tap Water: distrust, harsh, sickly, sickly, cloudy, distrust
Persona of Focus
InsightThis shows a connection is broken between Thames Water and its customers and it is costing society money and damaging the environment.
“We have thorough and rigorous processes to test the
quality of drinking water we supply to our customers.
Every year, we take thousands of samples throughout
our supply network to check compliance with the standards set down in national and European legislation.”
In 2009, we carried out more than 420,000 tests as part of our
monitoring, and achieved 99.98 per cent compliance for samples taken
at customer’s taps. This gave us the best drinking water quality of all the major water and sewerage companies.
Experts rated Thames’ tap water above more than 20 bottled brands in a ‘blind’
taste test organised by wine magazine, Decanter.
We get our water from two types of sources. About three quarters of our supplies are from rivers and the rest is taken from groundwater sources. The water then goes through a rigorous set of processes at our
water treatment works before being pumped into the
network to your home or business.
Hardness is determined by the level of naturally occurring calcium and magnesium compounds that
the water contains. There is no health risk
associated with hardness, in fact there is a correlation with health benifits.
Quotes From Thames WaterThese quotes were collected from the Thames Water website
“Corporate Responsibility Report 2009/10.” Promoting Our Product. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cr/water/promoting-our-product/>.
Overview of Touchpoints
No organisms found in any sample tested
All levels well below EU standards
All levels well below EU standards
General quality of the water is very high
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 102 0
1 2 3 4 102 0
Check the water quality in your area
Results for North Lambeth
To check the water quality in your area, please enter your full postcode in the �eld below:
The proposed solution is to increase the touchpoints from Thames Water for its consumers. These touchpoints will increase the percieved value of the water and of Thames Water as a brand. More importantly, these touchpoints will communicate valuable information regarding tap.
Proposed Solution
Water Bottle and CarafeDiscription• smallportablebottleandlargerin-fridgecarafe• bottlewillbesmalltofitinbagseasily• bottlehasthermochromaticinkwithgraphicabouthardwater• carafeisslendertofiteasilyintofridge• graphicsoncarafeshowsthestagesofhowwatergetstoyourhome
Discription• deployedtoeventsduringsummermonths• providesfreewaterforpeopletorefillwaterbottles• labeledwaterbottlesavailablefordonationtocharity• attendantsavailabletoeducateandanswerquestions• interactivedemonstrationonfilteringwaterandsource
Mobile Fountain for Events and Festivals
Goal• provideapositiveassociationwiththewatercompany• encouragerefillingofwaterbottles• educateconsumersaboutthevariouswaterpurificationtechinques• addresscustomerconcernsoranswerquestiondirectly
Water Report in Your Area
Discription and Goals• currentwaterreportisextremely confusinganddifficulttoread• redesignedsystemisbasedon restaurantfoodsafetystickers• revisedreportsquicklyshow4key areastestedandrating• expandabletoshowmoredetailed breakdownbyelement
No organisms found in any sample tested
All levels well below EU standards
All levels well below EU standards
General quality of the water is very high
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 102 0
1 2 3 4 102 0
WATER QUALITY REPORT - 2010 DATAWater Supply Zone SLW32 : NORTH LAMBETH Zone No. : 0329
Time Period: Concentration or value(all samples)
No. of Samples
Parameter Units PCV Min Mean Max Total Contra-vening
% of samples
contravening PCV
THAMES WATER UTILITIES
Data extracted on :04/03/2011
Population: 76,423
01/01/2010 to 31/12/2010
Coliform bacteria no/100ml 0 0 0 0 192 0 0
E. coli no/100ml 0 0 0 0 192 0 0
Enterococci no/100ml 0 0 0 0 8 0 0
Clostridium perfringens no/100ml 0 0 0 0 52 0 0
Colony count 22C no/ml - 0 3.6 59 52 0 0
Colony count 37C no/ml - 0 4.2 42 52 0 0
Residual Disinfectant mg/l - 0.2 0.47 0.71 192 0 0
Colour (Pt/Co scale) mg/lPt/Co 20 0.5 1.8 3.8 52 0 0
Hydrogen Ion pH 6.5 to 9.5 7.7 7.8 8.3 52 0 0
Turbidity FTU 4 < 0.07 0.088 0.15 52 0 0
Conductivity at 20C uS/cm 2500 566 596 632 52 0 0
Ammonium as NH4 mg/l 0.5 0.05 0.12 0.16 52 0 0
Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 41 45.6 52.13 8 0 0
Sodium as Na mg/l 200 27.9 32.2 37.2 9 0 0
Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 250 44.9 49 52.7 8 0 0
Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 50 22.8 26 30.3 52 0 0
Nitrite as NO2 mg/l 0.5 0.01 0.023 0.13 52 0 0
Nitrate/Nitrite calculation mg/l 1 0.48 0.53 0.61 52 0 0
Total Organic Carbon as C mg/l - 1.1 2.6 3.7 102 0 0
Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l - 249 260 271 2 0 0
Odour (quantitative) dilution no. 0 0 0 0 28 0 0
Taste (quantitative) dilution no. 0 0 0 0 28 0 0
Iron as Fe ug/l 200 < 1 3.1 15.3 53 0 0
Manganese as Mn ug/l 50 < 0.7 < 1.3 < 1.5 53 0 0
Aluminium as Al ug/l 200 < 6.3 9 17.2 53 0 0
Antimony as Sb ug/l 5 < 0.2 0.39 0.6 9 0 0
Arsenic as As ug/l 10 0.8 1.1 1.3 9 0 0
Cadmium as Cd ug/l 5 < 0.2 < 0.2 < 0.2 9 0 0
Chromium as Cr ug/l 50 < 1.2 < 1.4 < 1.4 9 0 0
Copper as Cu mg/l 2 0.002 0.028 0.158 8 0 0
Lead as Pb ug/l 25 < 0.3 0.39 0.9 8 0 0
Mercury as Hg ug/l 1 < 0.12 < 0.12 < 0.12 100 0 0
Nickel as Ni ug/l 20 < 1.6 1.7 2 8 0 0
Fluoride as F mg/l 1.5 0.118 0.13 0.155 8 0 0
Selenium as Se ug/l 10 < 0.8 1 1.4 9 0 0
Boron as B mg/l 1 0.057 0.063 0.067 9 0 0
Bromate as BrO3 ug/l 10 < 0.2 0.66 5.1 101 0 0
Cyanide as CN ug/l 50 < 1 < 1.5 < 2 100 0 0
PAHs (sum of 4 substances) ug/l 0.1 0 0 0 8 0 0
Benzo (a) pyrene ug/l 0.01 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 8 0 0
Trihalomethanes ug/l 100 19.2 22.3 25 8 0 0
Tetra- & Trichloroethene cal ug/l 10 0 0 0 8 0 0
Tetrachloromethane ug/l 3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 8 0 0
1,2 dichloroethane ug/l 3 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 8 0 0
Benzene ug/l 1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 8 0 0
Gross Alpha activity Bq/l 0.1 < 0.02 0.03 0.04 3 0 0
Gross Beta activity Bq/l 1 0.26 0.28 0.3 3 0 0
Page 1NOTE: PCV = Prescribed Concentration or Value
current
redesigned
CaMg
Is for Calcium:Essential for growth and strong bones.
Is for MagnesiumEssential for the nervous and muscular systems.
chill water for best taste
Calcium and Magnesium makes London’s water hard.And thats a good thing.
Goal• provideaphysicaltouchpointforThamesWater• graphicsexplainsmineralsthatmaketapwaterhard• thermochromaticinkchangescolourwhenchilled• chilledwatertastesbetterandcholorineevaporates• colourchangeistoproviderewardforchillingwater
Bottle
Carafe
chill water for best taste
Goal• provideaphysicaltouchpointforThamesWaterinhome• graphicshowshowwatergetsfromcloudstoyourtap• thermochromaticinkchangescolourwhenwaterischilled• chilledwatertastesbetterandcholorineevaporates• colourchangeistoproviderewardforchillingwater
Website Carafe
Text from Webstie
Water Carafe£ 10.00Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid
Have a carafe full of fresh, cold water available to you at all times. This slim container �ts easily in your fridge and has a cover to keep it fresh. The graphic is temperature sensitive and appears when you chill your water.
Remember! For the best tasting water, �ll the bottle and place in the fridge for a couple of hours to get cold.
How Thames Water gets to you!Below is an explaination of the graphic seen on the bottle. It is the full cycle of how water gets from the sky to your tap.
Sunshine evaporates water from the ocean
and lakes
Water vapour forms clouds
Clouds gather to create rain clouds
Clouds release the water as rain
Water is �ltered and treated by Thames Water
Drinking water is pumped in pipes
You enjoy clean, fresh water
Rain runs into rivers and then reservoirs
Water Carafe£ 10.00Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid
Have a carafe full of fresh, cold water available to you at all times. This slim container �ts easily in your fridge and has a cover to keep it fresh. The graphic is temperature sensitive and appears when you chill your water.
Remember! For the best tasting water, �ll the bottle and place in the fridge for a couple of hours to get cold.
How Thames Water gets to you!Below is an explaination of the graphic seen on the bottle. It is the full cycle of how water gets from the sky to your tap.
Sunshine evaporates water from the ocean
and lakes
Water vapour forms clouds
Clouds gather to create rain clouds
Clouds release the water as rain
Water is �ltered and treated by Thames Water
Drinking water is pumped in pipes
You enjoy clean, fresh water
Rain runs into rivers and then reservoirs
Check the water quality in your area
Results for North Lambeth
To check the water quality in your area, please enter your full postcode in the �eld below:
No organisms found in any sample tested
All levels well below EU standards
General quality of the water is very high
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 102 0
Website Report
Website Bottle
Water Bottle £ 3.00Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid
Proceeds from every bottle sold will be given to Water Aid
Carry clean, healthy Thames Water with you all the time with this convenient water bottle. Holding 300ml of water in compact bottle making it easy to bring with you when going for the day. The graphic is temperature sensitive and appears when you chill your water.
Remember! For the best tasting water, �ll the bottle and place in the fridge for a couple of hours to get cold.
Hard WaterLondon has hard water and although hard water may be hard on your kettle , it does wonders for you. Hardness is determined by the level of naturally occurring calcium and magnesium compounds that the water contains. These compounds form the taste of water and have health bene�ts for you.
CaMg
Is for Calcium:Essential for growth and strong bones.
Is for MagnesiumEssential for the nervous and muscular systems.
No organisms found in any sample tested
All levels well below EU standards
All levels well below EU standards
General quality of the water is very high
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 192 0
1 2 3 4 102 0
1 2 3 4 102 0
Check the water quality in your area
Results for North Lambeth
To check the water quality in your area, please enter your full postcode in the �eld below:
• ThamesWaterserves14millioncustomers• onetimeusebottlescostcounsils£2.5millionperyearinlandfillfees• wouldrequireacitywideinvestmentthroughThamesWater• programcouldincreasepublicperceptionofThamesWater• environmentalbenifit
Cost and Benifit
Siegle, Lucy. “Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012.
“Our History.” Our History. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cps/rde/xchg/prod/hs.xsl/850.htm>.
References
Gleick, P. H., and H. S. Cooley. “Energy Implications of Bottled Water.” Environmental Research Letters 4.1 (2009): 014009. Print.
Siegle, Lucy. “Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012.
“Corporate Responsibility Report 2009/10.” Promoting Our Product. Thames Water. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thameswater.co.uk/cr/water/promoting-our-product/>.
Siegle, Lucy. “Bottled Water Is Set to Be the Latest Battleground in the Eco War.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 02 Sept. 2008. Web. 19 Apr. 2012.
Foltz, F. “Science, Pollution, and Clean Drinking Water: Choosing Between Tap Water, Bottled Water, and Home Purification.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 19.4 (1999): 300-09. Print.
Foltz, F. “Science, Pollution, and Clean Drinking Water: Choosing Between Tap Water, Bottled Water, and Home Purification.” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 19.4 (1999): 300-09. Print.
Wilk, R. “Bottled Water: The Pure Commodity in the Age of Branding.” Journal of Consumer Culture 6.3 (2006): 303-25. Print.