Tavi 3

universaluri daniSnulebis salteebi

3.1. salteebi ISA/MCA/EISA/VESA

salte ISA (Industry standart architecture – samrewvelo

standartuli arqiteqtura) mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi

warmoadgenda personaluri kompiuterebis standartul

universalur saltes.

salte ISA-8 biti ISA saltis pirveli standarti warmoadgens 8-

bitian versias. igi gvxvdeba mxolod IBM XT-86 modelis personalur kompiuterebSi. saltis muSaobis sixSirea

4,77 mghc.

salte ISA-16 biti ISA standartis Semdgom ganviTarebas warmoadgens

16-Tanriga ISA (AT-BUS) salte. AT-BUS sloti (kontro-leris dasayenebeli adgili) Sedgeba ori nawilisagan.

erTi nawili zustad Seesabameba 8-bitian ISA slots,

xolo meore nawili gankuTvnilia monacemTa/samisamar-

To, wyvetis da mexsierebisadmi pirdapiri wvdomis

(DMA) im damatebiTi signalebisaTvis, romlebic gamo-

iyeneba mxolod 16-Tanriga kontrolerebis mier. amri-

gad, 16-bitian ISA slotSi SesaZlebelia rogorc 8,

aseve 16-Tanriga kontrolerebis dayeneba.

ISA salteze monacemTa gadacema Semdegnairad

sruldeba. Tavdapirvelad samisamarTo salteze gaicema

mexsierebis ujredis an Seyvana-gamoyvanis portis misa-

marTi, xolo amis Semdeg monacemTa salteze gaicema

monacemi. ramdenime taqtis dayovnebis Semdeg gaicema Ca-

weris strobi. am dros ucnobia, moeswro Tu ara mona-

cemis Cawera. amitom 16-Tanriga ISA saltis samuSao six-

Sire sakmaod dabalia da Seadgens 8,33 mghc-s, raTa

yvelaze nelma mowyobilobebmac ki `moaswron~ monacem-

Ta gacvla.

nax. 3.1-ze warmodgenilia 8 da 16-Tanriga ISA sal-

teebis slotebi.

nax. 3.1. 8 da 16-Tanriga ISA salteebis slotebi

ISA salteebis ZiriTad problemas warmoadgenda

dabali swrafqmedeba. 80386 da 80486 procesorebis opti-

maluri sataqto sixSiriT muSaobisas ISA salteebi ver

uzrunvelyofdnen monacemTa iseTi siswrafiT gadace-

mas, rogoriTac maTi damuSaveba xdeboda centraluri

procesoris mier. am dros adgili hqonda procesoris

mocdenas (molodinis ciklebi). amitom saWiro gaxda

axali, ufro maRali swrafqmedebis mqone salteebis

damuSaveba.

23 24

salte MCA

26

salte MCA (Microchannel) damuSavebul iqna firma

IBM-is mier 1987 wels da gamoiyeneboda PS/2 klasis per-

sonalur kompiuterebSi.

MCA warmoadgenda 32-Tanriga saltes 10 mghc sa-

muSao sixSiriT. monacemTa gadacemis siCqare Seadgenda

20 mbaiti/wm. MCA standartis dadebiT Tvisebas, maRali

swrafqmedebis garda, warmoadgenda kontrolerebis sa-

kuTari, individualuri kodebis arseboba. kontrole-

rebis inicializacia da konfiguracia xdeboda avtoma-

turad, DIP-gadamrTvelebisa da jamperebis dayenebis ga-

reSe.

miuxedavad rigi dadebiTi Tvisebebisa, MCA arqi-teqturam ver hpova farTo gavrceleba. mizezi Tvalsa-

Cinoa. warmadobis zrdasTan erTad adgili hqonda ISA standartTan absolutur SeuTavseblobas. Tu momxma-

rebeli gadawyvetda MCA standartze gadasvlas, igi

iZulebuli iyo SeeZina ara marto axali sistemuri

plata, aramed axali MCA standartis plata-kontrole-

rebic.

nax. 3.2. 32-Tanriga EISA sloti

EISA salte gamoirCeva Semdegi TaviseburebebiT:

• EISA salte mTlianad iTavsebs ISA saltes. EISA slots gaaCnia `orsarTuliani~ konstruqcia. `pir-

vel sarTulze~ ganTavsebulia igive kontaqtebi,

romlebic warmodgenilia ISA slotSi. xolo `meore

sarTulze~ warmodgenilia mxolod damatebiTi, EISA kontaqtebi. amitom EISA slotSi SesaZlebelia Zveli,

8 da 16-Tanriga ISA-kontrolerebis dayeneba. marTa-

lia isini nela muSaoben, magram samagierod ar aris

aucilebeli maTi dauyovneblivi Secvla.

salte EISA SeTavsebadobis dacvisa da saltis warmadobis

gazrdis erTdroulma aucileblobam saWiro gaxada ISA standartis Semdgomi ganviTareba. kompiuteris aparatu-

ruli saSualebebis cnobili damamzadebeli firmebis

(Epson, Hewlett-Packard, NEC, Compaq, Wyse) xelmZRvanelobiT

damuSavda ISA saltis gafarToebuli (Extended) 32-Tan-

riga versia _ EISA (nax. 3.2).

• EISA salte warmoadgens 32-Tanriga saltes. amitom

miuxedavad dabali sixSirisa (8,33 mghc), monacemTa

gadacemis siCqare aRwevs 33 mbaiti/wm.

• kontrolerebis konfiguracia xdeba avtomaturad da

ara jamperebisa da DIP-gadamrTvelebis saSualebiT.

25

27

rogorc aRvniSneT, ISA slotis kontaqtebi mTli-

anad eTavseba EISA slotis kontaqtebis `pirvel sar-

Tuls~, Tumca aucilebelia ISA kontrolerebis EISA slotis `meore sarTulis~ kontaqtebTan Sexebis Tavi-

dan acileba. am mizniT gamoiyeneba CamxSobi (nax. 3.3).

EISA kontrolerebs Sesabamis adgilas gaaCniaT Cana-

Weri.

nax. 3.3. EISA saltis kontaqtis konstruqcia

lokaluri salte VESA lokaluri salte VESA (Vesa Local Bus, VLB) damu-Savda videoeleqtronikis standartebis asociaciis (Vi-deo Electronics Sdandart Association - VESA) mier. VESA saltis

Seqmnis aucilebloba ganapiroba videomonacemebis gada-

cemisaTvis EISA saltis arasakmarisma swrafqmedebam.

VESA salte warmoadgens ara absoluturad axal

mowyobilobas sistemur plataze, aramed EISA saltis

gafarToebas videomonacemebis gadacemisaTvis (nax. 3.4).

Tumca videoplatebis garda gamoiyeneboda sxva tipis

(mag. IDE, SCSI vinCesterebis da a.S) VLB kontrolerebic.

informaciis gacvla procesorsa da VLB kontro-lers Soris sruldeba pirdapir, sistemuri saltis

gverdis avliT. VESA salte warmoadgens 32-bitian sal-

tes, romelic muSaobs ara EISA saltis (8,33), aramed

procesoris sixSireze. Tumca VLB kontroleri saWiro-

ebs 16-Tanriga ISA slotsac, romlis saSualebiTac igi

iRebs ISA standartiT gansazRvrul samisamarTo da

mmarTvel signalebs. VESA saltis specifikaciiT gan-

sazRvruli iyo 40 mghc sixSire, Tumca igi uproblemod

muSaobda 50 mghc sixSiris procesorebTanac.

28

nax. 3.4. sistemuri platis fragmenti VESA saltis slotiT

amJamad ISA/MCA/EISA/VESA salteebi amoRebulia

IBM standartidan. Tumca dResac xdeba sistemuri pla-

tebis mcire raodenobis gamoSveba 32-Tanriga EISA slo-

tebiT, rac saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi saSualebas iZleva

kompiuterSi dayenebul iqnas 8 da 16-Tanriga ISA da 32-Tanriga EISA kontrolerebi.

3.2. salte PCI

salte PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect — perife-riuli komponentebis damakavSirebeli) damuSavda firma Intel-is mier warmoadgens de-faqto standarts Tanamed-

rove kompiuterebisaTvis. Tanamedrove plata-kontrole-

rebis umetesoba miekuTvneba PCI standarts. Pentium I da Pentium II modelis kompiuterebSi PCI

saltis muSaobis fuZemdeblur princips warmoadgens

e.w. xidis (Bridge) gamoyeneba (nax. 3.5), romelic uzrun-

velyofs kavSirs PCI da sxva salteebs Soris, mag. PCI to ISA. PCI salte, garda mTavari periferiuli interfe-

isis funqciisa, asrulebs North Bridge da South Bridge mikrosqemebis damakavSirebeli sistemuri interfeisis

funqciasac. Pentium III da Pentium IV modelis kompiuterebSi sis-

temuri interfeisis funqcias asrulebs Hub-interfeisi, xolo PCI saltis resursebi mTlianad eTmoba perife-

riuli mowyobilobebis kontrolerebs. PCI salte iyenebs Bus-Master da Bus-Slave principebs.

PCI-Master kontrolers SeuZlia monacemebis rogorc wa-

kiTxva, aseve Cawera operatiul mexsierebaSi centra-

luri procesoris gamoyenebis gareSe. PCI-Slave kontro-lers, mag. videoplatas SeuZlia mxolod monacemTa mi-

Reba. PCI salte dakavSirebulia ara procesoris sal-

tesTan, aramed North Bridge an Memory Controller Hub kon-

trolerTan, rac SesaZlebels xdis PCI saltis saSu-

alebiT sxvadasxva mowyobilobebs Soris monacemebis

gacvlas procesoris Cash-mexsierebasTan monacemebis

gacvlis paralelurad.

30

nax. 3.5. PCI saltis arqiteqtura

PCI saltis specifikaciebi

PCI saltis sxvadasxva specifikaciebi warmodge-

nilia cxrilSi 3.1.

standartuli PCI saltis sataqto sixSirea 33

mghc, xolo misi Tanrigianoba Seesabameba procesoris

CPU

procesoris FSB salte

procesoris

saltis marTva

L2 Cash-is

marTva

mTavari

xidi

(Host bridge Cash DRAM Controllers)

Data path controllers Write buffer

L2 Cash ZiriTadi

mexsi-

ereba

salte PCI

PCI saltis

marTva

SCSI kontroleri

qseluri

plata

video-

plataxidi

PCI/ISA (ISA Bridge System I/O)

salte ISA

PCI mowyobilobebi

29

Tanrigianobas. PCI saltis gamtarunarianoba mag. 32-

Tanrigiani procesorisaTvis Semdegnairad gamoiTvleba:

33 mghc x 32 biti = 1056 mbiti/wm 1056 mbiti/wm : 8 = 133 mbaiti/wm

cxrili 3.1

PCI saltis specifikaciebi

PCI specifi-

kaciebi

gamoSvebis

TariRi ZiriTadi cvlilebebi

PCI 1.0 1992 originaluri 32-Tanriga specifikacia

PCI 2.0 1993 originaluri 64-Tanriga specifikacia

PCI 2.1 1995 muSaobis sixSire 66 mghc, jgufuri

operaciebi, dayovnebis drois Semci-

reba

PCI 2.2 1999 kvebis reJimebis marTva, meqanikuri

cvlilebebi

PCI-X 1.0 1999 muSaobis sixSire 133 mghc, PCI 2.2 spe-cifikaciis damateba

Mini-PCI 1999 plata-kontrolerebis Semcirebuli

zomebi, PCI 2.2 specifikaciis damateba PCI 2.3 2002 +3,3 v Zabva

PCI-X 2.0 2002 samuSao sixSire 266 an 533 mghc. mona-

cemTa 64-bitiani salte dayofilia 32-

Tanriga da 16-Tanriga segmentebad 3,3

da 1,5 v Zabvaze momuSave sxvadasxva

kontrolerebis mier erTdroulad

gamoyenebisaTvis

PCI-Express 1.0

2002 saerTo swrafqmedeba 2,5 gbaiti/wm,

samuSao Zabva 0,8 v. droTa ganmavlo-

baSi Secvlis paralelur PCI saltes

standartuli PCI saltes gaaCnia rigi nairsaxe-

obebisa, romlebic warmodgenilia cxrilSi 3.2.

32

cxrili 3.2

PCI saltis tipebi

PCI saltis

tipi

Tanrigi-

anoba,

biti

saltis

sixSire,

mghc

monacemTa

ciklebi/taqti

monacemTa

gadacemis

siswrafe,

mbaiti/wm

PCI 32 33 1 133PCI 66mghc 32 66 1 266

64-Tanriga

PCI 64 33 1 266

64-Tanriga

PCI 64 66 1 533

PCI-X 64 64* 133 1 533

PCI-X 133 64* 133 1 1066

PCI-X 266 64* 133 2 2132

PCI-X 533 64* 133 4 4266

PCI-Express** 1 2500 0,8 250

PCI-Express** 32 2500 0,8 8000

* SesaZlebelia PCI-X saltis ganawileba 32-Tanriga da 16-Tanriga

plata-kontrolerebs Soris.

** PCI-Express salteSi gamoiyeneba 8b/10b kodirebis sqema. am dros 8-bitiani monacemi gardaiqmneba 10-bitian monacemad. moqmedi gamtari

zolebis raodenobis mixedviT erT taqtSi gadaicema monacemTa 1-32

biti.

PCI saltis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi

• monacemTa 32-Tanriga da 64-Tanriga sinqronuli gac-

vla. kontaqtebis raodenobisa da Rirebulebis Se-

samcireblad gamoiyeneba multipleqsirebuli samisa-

marTo/monacemTa salte.

• +5 v da +3,3 v logikis mxardaWera. +5 v-ze da +3,3 v-

ze momuSave platebi gansxvavdebian gasaRebebis ad-

gilmdebareobiT, rac gamoricxavs slotebSi maTi

31

araswori dayenebis SesaZleblobas. arseboben agreT-

ve universaluri plata-kontrolerebi, romlebsac

gaaCniaT orive Zabvis mxardaWera. unda aRvniSnoT,

rom saltis 66 mghc da ufro maRali sixSire miiR-

weva mxolod +3,3 v logikis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi.

• PCI salte iyenebs monacemTa gacvlis paketur reJims.

• PCI salte muSaobs 33 an 66 mghc sixSireze, rac uz-

runvelyofs saltis gamtarunarianobis farTo diapa-

zons:

- 32 biti/33 mghc _ 132 mbaiti/wm;

- 32 biti/66 mghc _ 264 mbaiti/wm;

- 64 biti/33 mghc _ 264 mbaiti/wm;

- 64 biti/66 mghc _ 528 mbaiti/wm.

salte mxolod im SemTxvevaSi imuSavebs 66 mghc

sixSireze, rodesac PCI slotebSi dayenebuli yvela

plata-kontrolers gaaCnia 66 mghc sixSireze muSaobis

mxardaWera, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi salte imuSavebs 33

mghc sixSireze.

• Multiply bus master reJimis mxardaWera, rac gulisxmobs

ramdenime kontroleris erTdrouli muSaobis SesaZ-

leblobas PCI saltesTan. • PCI plata-kontrolerebis avtomaturi konfiguracia

kompiuteris CarTvisTanave. • PCI salte uzrunvelyofs xuTi slotis mxardaWeras,

Tumca PCI-PCI xidis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia slo-

tebis raodenobis gazrdac. • PCI kontrolerebi aRWurvilia taimerebiT. taimeri

gansazRvravs maqsimalur dros, romlis ganmavlo-

baSic SeuZlia kontrolers saltis dakaveba. • PCI salte iyenebs `Linear Burst~ reJims, rac gulis-

xmobs monacemTa paketis mexsierebis uwyvet velSi

Caweris saSualebas. am dros mexsierebis misamarTi

avtomaturad izrdeba monacemis Semdegi sityvis Ca-

werisas. bunebrivia, mniSvelovnad izrdeba saltis

gamtarunarianoba, radgan gadacemuli misamarTebis

raodenobis Semcirebis xarjze mniSvnelovnad iz-

rdeba gadacemul monacemTa saerTo moculoba.

34

PCI saltesTan adapterebis dasakavSireblad gamo-

iyeneba specialuri gasarTebi (nax. 3.5). 32-Tanriga

PCI saltis

sloti,

33 mghc

B62 B49 B1

64-Tanriga

PCI saltis

sloti,

33 mghc

B94 B62 B49 B1

B94 B62 B49 B11 B1

nax. 3.5. sxvadasxva standartis PCI slotebi

cxrilSi 3.3 warmodgenilia PCI saltis kontaq-

tebi, xolo cxrilSi 3.4 _ kontaqtebis daniSnuleba.

64-Tanriga

universaluri

PCI saltis

sloti,

66/33 mghc

33

rigi В № rigi А rigi В № rigi А -IRDY 35 GND AD 43 83 AD 42 +3.3B 36 -TRDY AD 41 84 + V I/O

-DEVSEL 37 GND GND 85 AD 40 GND 38 -STOP AD 39 86 AD 38 -Lock 39 +3.3B AD 37 87 GND -PERR 40 SDONE +V I/O 88 AD 36 +3.3B 41 -SBOFF AD 35 89 AD 34 -SERR 42 GND AD 33 90 GND +3.3B 43 PAR GND 91 AD 32

-C/BE 1 44 AD 15 Reserved 92 Reserved AD 14 45 +3.3B Reserved 93 GND GND 46 AD 13 GND 94 Reserved AD 12 47 AD 11 64-bitiani gasarTis dasasruli AD 10 48 GND GND 49 AD 9

GND/gasaRebi 50* GND/gasaRebi

cxrili 3.3

PCI saltis kontaqtebi

rigi В № rigi А rigi В № rigi А - 12 В 1 -TRST GND/gasaRebi 51* GND/ gasaRebiTCK 2 + 12B AD 8 52 -C/BE 0 GND 3 TMS AD 7 53 + 3.3B TDO 4 TDI + 3.3B 54 AD 6 + 5В 5 + 5B AD 5 55 AD 4 + 5B 6 -INTR A AD 3 56 GND

-INTR B 7 -INTR C GND 57 AD 2 -INTR D 8 + 5B AD 1 58 AD 0

-PRSNT 1 9 Reserved +V I/O 59 +V I/O Reserved 10 + V I/O -ACK64 60 -REQ64 -PRSNT 2 11 Reserved + 5B 61 + 5B

GND/gasaRebi 12* GND/gasaRebi + 5B 62 + 5B GND/gasaRebi 13* GND/gasaRebi 32-bitiani gasarTis dasasruli

Reserved 14 Reserved GND 15 -RST Reserved 63 GND Clock 16 +V I/O GND 64 -C/BE 7 GND 17 -GNT -C/BE 6 65 -C/BE 5 -REQ 18 GND -C/BE 4 66 +V I/O

+V I/O 19 Reserved GND 67 PAR64 AD 31 20 AD 30 AD 63 68 AD 62 AD 29 21 + 3.3B AD 61 69 GND GND 22 AD 28 +V I/O 70 AD 60 AD 27 23 AD 26 AD 59 71 AD 58 AD 25 24 GND AD 57 72 GND + 3.3B 25 AD 24 GND 73 AD 56 -C/BE 3 26 IDSEL AD 55 74 AD 54 AD 23 27 +3.3B AD 53 75 +V I/O GND 28 AD 22 GND 76 AD 52 AD 21 29 AD 20 AD 51 77 AD 50 AD 19 30 GND AD 49 78 GND +3.3B 31 AD 18 +V I/O 79 AD 48 AD 17 32 AD 16 AD 47 80 AD 46

-C/BE 2 33 +3.3B AD 45 81 GND GND 34 -FRAME GND 82 AD 44

*12, 13 – gasaRebi 3,3 v-iani kontrolerebisaTvis *50, 51 - gasaRebi 5 v-iani kontrolerebisaTvis

cxrili 3.4

kontaqtebis daniSnuleba

36

signali daniSnuleba

AD [31:0] Address/Data – samisamarTo/monacemTa multipleqsi-

rebuli salte. misamarTi gadaicema tranzaqciis

dasawyisSi, xolo Semdeg taqtebSi gadaicema mona-

cemebi C/BE [3:0]# Command/Byte Enable _ brZaneba/baitebze mimarTvis

nebarTva. brZaneba gansazRvravs saltis mimdinare

ciklis tips (wakiTxva mexsierebidan/Cawera mexsi-

erebaSi, Seyvana/gamoyvana an konfiguraciuli Sey-

vana/gamoyvana, wyvetis dasturi da a.S.). moicema

oTxbitiani kodiT misamarTis gadacemis fazaSi

FRAME# kadri _ signalis miwodebiT ganisazRvreba

tran-zaqciis dasawyisi. signalis moxsna iuwyeba,

rom monacemTa gadacemis Semdegi cikli

35

signali daniSnuleba

warmoadgens bolo cikls mimdinare

tranzaqciisaTvis.

DEVSEL# Device select _ mowyobiloba arCeulia (mowyobi-

lobis sapasuxo signali misadmi mimarTul tran-

zaqciaze)

IRDY# Iniciator Ready _ iniciatoris mzadyofna monacemTa

gacvlaze

TRDY# Target ready _ signali brZanebis mimRebi mowyobi-

lobidan monacemTa gacvlis mzadyofnaze

STOP# signali mimRebi mowyobilobidan, romelic ini-

ciators atyobinebs midinare tranzaqciis SeCe-

rebis Sesaxeb

LOCK# signali gamoiyeneba PCI salteze resursis daye-

nebis, momsaxurebis da Cavlebidan gaTavisuflebis

Sesaxeb

REQ|3:0|# Request _ PCI-master mowyobilobis moTxovnis sig-

nali saltis Cavlebaze (3-0 slotebisaTvis) GNT|3:0|# Grant _ signaliT PCI-master mowyobilobas eniWeba

saltis marTvis nebarTva.

PAR Parity _ AD [31:0] da C/BE [3:0]# xazebisaTvis lu-

wobaze kontrolis biti

PERR# Parity Error _ luwobaze kontrolis Secdomis sig-

nali (gascems mowyobiloba, romelmac Secdoma

aR-moaCina)

RST# Reset _ kontrolerebis registrebis sawyis mdgo-

mareobaSi dayeneba (Camogdeba)

IDSEL# Initialization Device Select _ mowyobilobis amorCevis

signali. aqtivizirdeba mxolod konfiguraciuli

wakiTxvisa da Caweris ciklebSi

REQ64# Request 64 bit _ moTxovna monacemTa gacvlis 64-bi-

tian reJimze

АСК64# monacemTa gacvlis 64-bitiani reJimis dadastu-

reba

38

signali daniSnuleba

SERR System Error _ sistemuri Secdomis signali, rome-

lic SeiZleba aqtivizirdes nebismieri PCI mowyo-bilobis mier. gamoiZaxebs NMI signals.

INTRA# INTRB# INTRC# INTRD#

Interrupt А, В, С, D – wyvetis moTxovnis signalebi,

romlebic ciklurad iZvrian slotebSi da miemar-

Tebian maTTvis miRwevad IRQ xazebze. signalis da-

bali done nebas rTavs sxvadasxva PCI mowyobi-lobebis mier saerTo wyvetis xazebis gamoyenebas.

CLK Clock _ saltis sinqronizacia. sixSire _ 20-33

mghc. PCI 2.1 standartisaTvis nebadarTulia 66,6

mghc-mde sixSire.

M66EN 66MHz Enable _ saltis 66,6 mghc sixSireze muSa-

obis nebarTva. aqtivizirdeba mxolod maSin, ro-

desac yvela PCI mowyobilobas gaaCnia 66,6 mghc

sixSireze muSaobis mxardaWera. gansazRvrulia

mxolod PCI 2.1 standartisaTvis SBO# Snoop Backoff _ araaucilebeli signalia, gamoiye-

neba mxolod qeSirebuli mexsierebis mqone abo-

nentebis mier TCK Test Clock _ testuri interfeisis sinqronizacia TDI Test Data Input _ testuri interfeisis Semavali mo-

nacemebi adapterebis testirebisas

TDO Test Data Output _ testuri interfeisis gamomavali

monacemebi adapterebis testirebisas

TMS Test Mode Select _ testuri interfeisis muSaobis

reJimis arCeva

TRST Test Logic Reset _ testuri logikis Camogdeba

paraleluri PCI saltis axali standartebi aRar

muSavdeba. momavali ekuTvnis ufro perspeqtiul mimdev-

robiT PCI Express saltes.

37

3.3. salte PCI EXPRESS

PCI Express saltis gamoSveba kidev erTxel adas-

turebs personaluri kompiuteris interfeisebis para-

leluridan mimdevrobiT arqiteqturaze gadasvlis ten-

dencias.

PCI Express salte warmoadgens maRali swrafqme-

debis mqone mimdevrobiT saltes. PCI Express specifi-

kacia iqneba personaluri kompiuteris universaluri

saltis dominirebadi arqiteqtura momavali 10-15 wlis

ganmavlobaSi. igi mTlianad Secvlis standartul para-

lelur PCI saltes.

PCI Express salte ZiriTadi damaxasiaTebeli Tvi-

sebebia:

• sruli SeTavsebadoba arsebul PCI saltesTan da

sxvadasxva mowyobilobebis programul draiverebTan;

• spilenZis, optikuri da sxva saSualebebiT realize-

buli fizikuri SeerTeba;

• yoveli gamomyvanis maqsimaluri gamtarunarianoba,

rac saSualebas iZleva Semcirdes saltis formfaq-

tori da Rirebuleba, gamartivdes platebis kons-

truqcia, gadaiWras signalis mTlianobasTan da dab-

rkolebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi;

• sinqronizaciis `CaSenebuli~ sistema, rac saltis

sixSiris (siswrafis) swrafi Secvlis saSualebas iZ-

leva;

• sixSirisa da Tanrigianobis gazrdis saSualebiT

saltis gamtarunarianobis zrdis SesaZlebloba;

• molodinis mcire dro, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvne-

lovania iseTi programebisTvis, romlebic moiTxoven

izoqronul (droze damokidebul) reJimSi monaceme-

bis (mag. nakaduri videomonacemebis) miwodebas.

• adapterebis `cxeli~ komutaciis da `cxeli~ Secvlis

saSualeba (kompiuteris gamorTvis gareSe);

• kvebis reJimis marTvis SesaZlebloba.

PCI Express salteze monacemebis gadacema xdeba dupleqsur reJimSi. am dros monacemebi erTdroulad

miiReba da gaicema gamtarebis ori diferencialuri

wyvilis saSualebiT, romlebsac uwodeben zolebs, an

trasebs. monacemTa gadacemis siswrafe erTi mimarTu-

lebiT TiToeuli zolisaTvis aRwevs 250 mbiti/wm-s.

amasTan erTad, TiToeuli salte SeiZleba Seicavdes 1,

2, 4, 8, 16 an 32 zols. magaliTad, maRali gamtarunari-

anobis mqone 8 zoliani salte saSualebas iZleva erT-

droulad orive mimarTulebiT gadaices monacemTa 8

biti.

signalebis gadacemis siswrafis gazrdis Sede-

gad, mxolod 40 gamyvanis gamoyenebiT (32 gamomyvani em-

saxureba diferencialuri monacemebis wyvilis gadace-

mas, xolo 8 gamomyvani asrulebs marTvis funqcias), mo-

nacemTa gadacemis siswrafe aRwevs 2000 mbiti/wm-s.

signalebis gadacemis siswrafis gazrda saSule-

bas iZleva saltis gamtarunarianoba orive mimarTu-

lebiT gaizardos 8000 mbiti/wm-mde, imave 40 gamomyvanis

gamoyenebiT.

amJamad farTod gamoyenebuli paraleluri PCI salte monacemTa gadacemisaTvis iyenebs 100-ze met ga-

momyvans. amasTan erTad, monacemTa gadacemis siswrafe

aRwevs mxolod 132-528 mbaiti/wm (monacemis mxolod er-

Ti mimarTulebiT gadacemisas).

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PCI Express saltesTan plata-adapterebis dasakav-

Sireblad gamoiyeneba Semcirebuli zomis sloti, rome-

lic, rogorc wesi, ganTavsdeba arsebuli PCI saltis

gasarTebis gverdiT.

PCI Express saltis sixSiris gaazrdelad gamo-

iyeneba IBM kompaniis mier SemuSavebuli `8-10~ kodire-

bis sqema, romelic ganapirobebs signalebis avtosin-

qronizacias. PCI Express saltis sixSire dReisaTvis Se-

adgens 2,5 gghc, xolo momavalSi SeiZleba gaizardos

10 gghc-mde, rac faqtiurad warmoadgens zRvars spilen-

Zis gamtarebisTvis. sixSiris zrdis potenciuri saSu-

aleba da erTdroulad 32 zolis gamoyenebis SesaZleb-

loba saSualebas iZleva PCI Express salteze monacemebis

gadacemis siCqare gaizardos 32 gbiti/wm-mde.

PCI Express salte gankuTvnilia personalur kom-

piuterebSi dReisaTvis gamoyenebuli salteebis gafar-

ToebisaTvis da Semdgomi SecvlisaTvis. PCI Express sal-

tis arseboba gamoiwvevs rogorc damatebiTi gasarTebis

gamoCenas procesorul plataze, aseve Hub-interfeisis Semdgom Secvlas, romelic dReisaTvis gamoiyeneba

sistemuri platis mikrosqemebis krebulis komponen-

tebis dakavSirebisaTvis. PCI Express salte warmatebiT

Secvlis interfeisebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba video-

monacemebis gadacemisaTvis (magaliTad AGP) da agreTve

gamoyenebul iqneba meore donis saltis saxiT sxva

interfeisebTan SeerTebisaTvis, magaliTad, rogorebi-

caa Serial ATA, USB 2.0, 1394B (Firewire an iLink), Gigabit Ethernet da a.S.

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