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1/9/2018
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TAVR: When Things go WrongTAVR: When Things go Wrong
Federico M Asch MD, FASEMedStar Heart and Vascular Institute
Georgetown UniversityWashington, DC
Federico M Asch MD, FASEMedStar Heart and Vascular Institute
Georgetown UniversityWashington, DC
DisclosuresDisclosures
• Academic Echo Core Lab– Abbott / St Jude Medical– Edwards–Medtronic– Livanova / Caisson– DirectFlow– Boston Scientific / Symetis– JenaValve– Biotronik– NeoVasc
• Academic Echo Core Lab– Abbott / St Jude Medical– Edwards–Medtronic– Livanova / Caisson– DirectFlow– Boston Scientific / Symetis– JenaValve– Biotronik– NeoVasc
www.CardiovascularCoreLab.com
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CoreValve, 1 year
Adams et al. NEJM 2014; 370:1790Leon M et al. NEJM 2016;374:1609
PARTNER 2, 2 years
TAVR Compares Favorably to SAVR
Inoperable
Extreme Risk
High Risk
Intermediate risk
Low Risk?
Bicuspid AV
Valve in Valve
TAVR ‐ The bar keeps going lower
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Despite all the fantastic results…Despite all the fantastic results…
Things can go WrongThings can go Wrong
TAVR complication rates – US 2012
Pant S et al. J Invasive Cardiol 2016; 28:67
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TAVR complication rates – TVT ACC/STS Registry
Mack M et al. JAMA 2013; 310:2069.
Mod or severe AR = 8.5%
Worsening MR 11%
TAVR complication rates – meta‐analysis 2012
Jilaihawi H et al. Cath and Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 80:128.
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What can Go Wrong?
PVL is most common
What can Go Wrong?
PVL is most common
PVL significance –PARTNER trialPVL significance –PARTNER trial
Kodali S et al. Eur H J 2015;36:449
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Leon M et al. NEJM 2016;374:1609
PVL significance – Newer devicesPARTNER 2, intermediate risk
PVL significance – Newer devicesPARTNER 2, intermediate risk
PVL severity declining overtime (improved practice and devices)
Beohar N et al. JACC Intv 2016;9:355
PARTNER Registry 2011‐12
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ASE/EAE Guidelines – VARC 2ASE/EAE Guidelines – VARC 2
ASE/EAE Guidelines – VARC 2ASE/EAE Guidelines – VARC 2
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PVL evaluationPVL evaluation
• Color Doppler: SAX– PVL lower portion of the stent, % of circumf– Central: at the leaflet coaptation point
• Color: LAX– Jet width/ratio– Vena Contracta
• Regurg volume: – LVOTsv – RVOTsv
• Flow Reversal in descending aorta
• Color Doppler: SAX– PVL lower portion of the stent, % of circumf– Central: at the leaflet coaptation point
• Color: LAX– Jet width/ratio– Vena Contracta
• Regurg volume: – LVOTsv – RVOTsv
• Flow Reversal in descending aorta
PVL: look in the LVOT/stent transitionPVL: look in the LVOT/stent transition
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Regurgitant volume QuantificationRegurgitant volume Quantification
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(11):1125
AI R Vol = LVOT SV – RVOT SV
3D EROA and RV3D EROA and RV
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(11):1125
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Aortic flow reversal‐ Desc AortaAortic flow reversal‐ Desc Aorta
But some cases of AR are not that commonBut some cases of AR are not that common
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TAVR migration / DislodgementTAVR migration / Dislodgement
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Solution: Patient had surgery
THV migrated to an oblique position, partially in the Ao root
Solution: Patient had surgery
THV migrated to an oblique position, partially in the Ao root
Bioprosthetic AVR 6 years ago
AVR dysfunction with degeneration
Valve in Valve Implant planned
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ViV deploymentViV deployment
Valve EmbolizationValve Embolization
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Solution: Second Valve DeployedSolution: Second Valve Deployed
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Severe AS, TAVR implanted
Acute cardiogenic shock: BP 170/70 down to 92/32
Acute Severe Transvalvular Aortic RegurgitationAcute Severe Transvalvular Aortic Regurgitation
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Defective/torn Cusp, failure to close
Solution: Valve in ValveSolution: Valve in Valve
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But the device got dislodged from its cath…But the device got dislodged from its cath…
Solution: implant in Desc AortaSolution: implant in Desc Aorta
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But we are not done yet…
Still have Severe AI
But we are not done yet…
Still have Severe AI
ViV (3rd Valve) implantedViV (3rd Valve) implanted
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After valve in valve deployment Trace aortic regurgitation
After valve in valve deployment Trace aortic regurgitation
No prosthetic stenosisDimensionless Index=0.55No prosthetic stenosis
Dimensionless Index=0.55
• V1=1.1m/s• V1=1.1m/s • V2=2m/s• V2=2m/s
His blood pressure =126/52mmHg
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What can Go Wrong?
Pericardial Effusion
What can Go Wrong?
Pericardial EffusionTVP perforation
Annular DisruptionTVP perforation
Annular Disruption
Pre Post
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Annular disruption
Annular Calcification –Extension and locationNon‐ Contrast CT
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Annular Dimensions and device size selectionNon‐ Contrast MRI (alternative to contrast
CT/3D TEE)
• Hypotensive & Hypoxic• Immediately post TAVR
• Required Intubation
• Emergent TEE w pleural
effusion
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PeriAortic Hematoma distal to L Subclavian
Aortic Transection
TEVAR of Arch / Descending Aorta
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What can Go Wrong?
Coronary Ischemia
What can Go Wrong?
Coronary Ischemia
Post‐deploymentBaselineCourtesy of Dr S Goldstein
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Post‐deploymentBaseline
Prosthesis too “high” (ie too aortic)
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Prosthesis too “high” (ie too aortic)
Note prosthesis at level of L‐coronary
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Distance to L‐Main
1.5 cm
Distance from Annulus to L‐coronary
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Coronary Height
Measure from annulus (projected stent position)
Importance of Retrievable DevicesImportance of Retrievable Devices
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What can Go Wrong?
Sources of embolism !
What can Go Wrong?
Sources of embolism !
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Aorta ‐ Atheroma
Courtesy of Dr S Goldstein
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Thrombi onCatheters/Wires
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Thrombus resolved quickly with Heparin bolus
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Other things can go wrongPseudo Aneurysm
Underexpanded TAVR
Degeneration
SummarySummary• Despite overwhelming success, TAVR procedures still come with complications:– Shock, Stroke
• Look for:– Pericardial Effusion – Annular disruption or LV laceration– Coronary obstruction or embolization– Acute Mitral Regurgitation – Aortic Regurgitation / PVL– Valve embolization– Cath Thrombosis– Severe Atherosclerosis
• Despite overwhelming success, TAVR procedures still come with complications:– Shock, Stroke
• Look for:– Pericardial Effusion – Annular disruption or LV laceration– Coronary obstruction or embolization– Acute Mitral Regurgitation – Aortic Regurgitation / PVL– Valve embolization– Cath Thrombosis– Severe Atherosclerosis
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SummarySummary
• Complications are rare but best evaluated with TEE• Escalate to TEE whenever complications are suspected• Complications are rare but best evaluated with TEE• Escalate to TEE whenever complications are suspected