TB-25 Equip for Rice Production - Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank · 2017. 10. 23. · PhilRice-JICA Rotary Reaper Design History In the 1980s, IRRI developed and introduced the IRRI-CAAMS

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Equipment forEquipment forEquipment forEquipment forEquipment forRice ProductionRice ProductionRice ProductionRice ProductionRice Productionand Processingand Processingand Processingand Processingand Processing

EQUIPMENT FOR RICE PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING

PhilRice Rototiller

SOWINGLAND PREPARATION

PhilRice ImprovedDrumseeder

HARVESTING

PhilRice-JICA Hand Tractor-drawn Drumseeder

SG800 RiceStripper Harvester

PhilRice-JICA RotaryReaper

LS600 Lite Stripper

DRYING

PhilRice Flatbed Dryer

Bamboo Bin DryerBIOMASS UTILIZATION

Maligaya Rice Hull Stove

PhilRice Flour Mill

RICE PROCESSING

PhilRice Micromill

Foreword

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PhilRice Rototiller

Design History

The design was conceptualizedand tested at the Asian Institute ofTechnology in Bangkok, Thailand. Itwas further tested in the ash-ladenareas of Pampanga, where much ofthe modifications and refinements inthe machine have been derived.

Problems Addressed

• Inadequate land preparationequipment

• Inefficient land preparation

• Lack of rotavator attachments designed for local handtractors

• Expensive alternative machines

• Sinking of handtractor in deep mud areas

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Outstanding Features

• Lightweight, portable, and detachable assembly

• Cheaper alternative to floating tiller

• Transportable

• Maximizes the use of the handtractor

• High puddling capacity, adjustable depth (15 cm max.)to fit with various soil conditions

• Low fuel consumption

• Easy to fabricate, repair, and maintain using locallyavailable materials and fabrication tools

Specifications

Field capacity : 2 ha/day

Power requirement : 7 hp (5.2 kW) diesel engine or 10hpgasoline engine

Labor requirement : 1 person

Speed : 2 km/h

Fuel consumption : 1.3 L/h

Weight : 50 kg (rototiller only)

Width of cut : 102 cm

Construction : Steel, oil bath chain, andsprocket transmission

Intended users : Lowland farmers

Cost* : P7,500 - P9,000 (excluding hand tractor)

____________________

*Estimated cost as of March 2000. The actual cost varies depend-ing on the kind of materials used, manufacturer, and location.

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PhilRice Improved Drum Seeder

Design History

The design was based from theIRRI drum seeder. Based on fieldtest trials and farmers’ feedback,modifications were made to suit lo-cal conditions. The modificationswere focused on minimizing dis-placement of newly-sown seedscaused by rainfall and pest damage,making the seeder adaptable for dryseeding in well-tilled soil.

Problems Addressed

• High labor requirement and cost of transplanting

• Labor shortage especially during peak planting season

• High seeding rate incurred on manual broadcasting

• Difficulty of performing mechanical weeding and other opera-tions for broadcast direct-seeding

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• Simple, low cost, and easy to fabricate using local materials

• Portable and lightweight

• Can be used both for dryland and wetland seeding

• Rice grains seeded in straight rows, allowingmechanical weeding between rows

• Adjustable seeding rate

• Seeds are partially buried in furrows, hence, they are protectedagainst rodents and birds

Specifications

Labor Requirement : 1 person

Seed hopper capacity : 8 kg (2 kg/hopper)

Seeding capacity : 1 ha/day

Seeding Rate : 40-80 kg/ha, adjustable

Number of Rows : 8

Row spacing : 20 cm

Construction : steel

Seed Preparation : 24 h soaking, 24 h incubation for wetseeding; dry seeds for dry seeding

Machine Weight : 12 kg

Intended users : Lowland and rainfed farmers

Cost* : P4,000 - P5,000

____________________


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PhilRice-JICA Handtractor-drawndrum seeder

Design History

This machine uses the sameseed metering mechanism as that ofthe manually-drawn drumseeder,which was developed by IRRI andlater improved by PhilRice. The mainconcept was to increase the seedingcapacity and lessen the drudgery ofoperation by mounting it on local handtractors. The design was acollaborative work between the engineers of PhilRice and JICA.

Problems Addressed

• Low capacity and drudgery in direct-seeding and transplantingoperations

• High cost of transplanting operations, with 20-25 laborers per ha

• Limited labor for transplanting during peak planting season

• High seeding rate of broadcast seeding

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• High seeding capacity of 3-5 ha/day by 2 persons

• Adjustable seeding rates of 40-120 kg/ha regulated by coveringlines of drum holes

• Minimizes effect of water puddles in the field

• Easy to operate as attachment to the hand tractor

• Can be easily fabricated by local manufacturers

• Row seeding for easy crop care; allows use of mechanicalweeder

Specifications

Type : Attached to hand tractor

Width : 262 cm

Length : 136 cm

Overall height : 750 cm (depth control sleigh)

Total weight : 70 kg (excluding hand tractor)

Number of rows : 12

Row spacing : Every 20 cm except the centerwhich is 30 cm

Seeding devices : 6 drums with dimension of 20 cm diam-eter, 30 cm long, 2 lines of holes on eachside, and ground driven

Furrower : Spring-loaded 262 cm long sheet metalreinforced with angular bar with detach-able 13 rows trapezoidal furrowers andtooth

Labor requirement : 2 persons (1 operator, 1 assistant)

Effective seeding width : 250 cm

Cost* : P7,500 - P8,500 (excluding handtractor)

___________________


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SG 800 Rice Stripper Harvester

Design History

Stripping mechanism consists ofa rotor, fitted with key-hole shapedflexible teeth, which combs the grainfrom the straw during operation. De-sign of stripping mechanism camefrom Silsoe Research Institute,United Kingdom. It was adopted forsmall machines by IRRI and to lo-cal conditions by PhilRice engi-neers. It was initially promoted inthe Philippines by PhilRice in col-laboration with GTZ.

Major innovation involved re-placing the imported polyurethanestripper teeth with used car tires.

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Problems Addressed

• Slow harvesting owing to inefficient tools and methods

• Not enough farm labor during peak harvest season

• High in-field losses in harvesting, handling, and threshing op-erations


• Efficiency. 7-10 persons can harvest about 1 ha, thresh andclean the grains in 1 day using the harvester in combination witha small thresher.

• Simple construction. It has only one moving part for strippingthe grains: the rotating comb-like structure made of used cartires.

• Reduced grain loss. The average in-field harvesting loss is only1.88%.

• Adaptable. It can harvest partially lodged crop.

Specifications

Capacity : 1 ha/day

Power requirement : 9-12 hp gasoline engine (2000 rpm)

Labor requirement : 7-10 persons (to finish 1 ha in one day)

Speed : 4 kph (forward); 3.5 kph (reverse)

Fuel consumption : 2 L/h

Total harvesting width : 80 cm

Grain loss : 2%

Cost* : P60,000 - P65,000

____________________


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LS 600 Lite Stripper

Design History

The design evolved as a re-sponse to farmers’ clamor for a lighterand cheaper version of the SG800rice harvester that can also work onsoft field conditions during wet sea-son harvesting. Major improvementsinclude a simpler frame, side-feed-ing of container, and moving of en-gine to the center for better stability.

Problems Addressed

• Delay in harvesting owing to inefficient tools and methods

• Limited availability of farm labor during peak harvest season

• High in-field losses in harvesting, handling, and threshing op-erations

• Sinking of heavy machines in softer, wet field conditions

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• Efficient. 8-10 persons can harvest, thresh, and clean the grainsof more than one-half hectare in 1 day with a separate thresher.

• Simple and low-cost construction. It has only one movingpart for stripping the grains and is affordable for individual farm-ers.

• Reduced grain loss. Average in-field harvesting loss is 2%.

• Light weight. It can work in soft soil conditions during wetseason.

Specifications

Harvesting width : 60 cm

Capacity : 0.75 to 1.0 ha/day

Power requirement : 7.5 hp gasoline engine

Labor requirement : 8-10 persons (to finish 0.75 to 1 ha in oneday)

Machine weight : 180 kg with engine

Fuel Consumption : 1 L/h

Grain loss, average : 2%

Speed : 4 kph (forward), 3.5 kph (reverse)

Cost* : P45,000 - 55,000

_________________


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PhilRice-JICA Rotary Reaper

Design History

In the 1980s, IRRI developed andintroduced the IRRI-CAAMS reaper.This machine has a scissor-type cut-ting mechanism (cutterbar) similar toimported reapers, which are nowgaining popularity in rice producingareas in Luzon. Some problemswere encountered when the localdesign was introduced for commercialization. One is the relativelyhigh degree of precision required in its fabrication, which our localmanufacturers could hardly attain.

The PhilRice-JICA Rotary Reaper uses a rotary cutting mecha-nism (similar to that used in grass cutters) to replace the cutterbar.The cutting blades, as well as other components, can be fabricatedand maintained easily by our local manufacturers. This design wasthe result of a collaboration between PhilRice and JICA.

Problems Addressed

• Not enough harvesting labor during peak season

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• Low labor productivity

• Expensive alternative machines

• Complicated mechanism for local production and maintenance


• Affordable to farmers

• Easy to operate

• Locally designed and manufactured

• Low repair and maintenance cost

Specifications

Field capacity, max : 2.0 ha/day

Power requirement : 6 hp gasoline engine

Travel speed : 2.7 kph

Labor requirement : 2 persons

Grain loss : 1.0~1.7%

Effective cutting width : 100 cm

Overall dimensions : 208 x130 x 119 cm (LxWxH)

Total weight : 160 kg

Transmission type : V-belt-pulley combination,1 forward, 1 reverse

Cutting device : 3 discs with 4 blades

Rubber tire : (4x12), OD=51 cm, 68 cm tread

Steering type : Wheel slippage enforced by handle lever-age

Windrow formation : Straw belt conveyed transversely and dis-charged by a flat belt with lugs

Stubble height on : Adjustable from 10 to 35 cmhard groundCost : P60,000 - 65,000


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PhilRice Flatbed Dryer

Design History

Original design came from UPLB(1-t capacity) and IRRI (2-t capacity)using sheet metal or plywood for thebin. Vietnamese engineers scaledthe design and came up with 4-10 tcapacity per batch using local mate-rials such as fire bricks for bin andfurnace.

PhilRice adapted the Vietnamesedesign by using hollow blocks for bin.The design of furnace was replaced with an inclined step grate typeinstead of the original vibrating ash grate. Later, the furnace wasmade of adobe replacing the fire bricks in the original design.

Blower of the PhilRice Flatbed Dryer

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• Can complete drying from wet or dripping wet to 13-14% MC;dried output can be used for seed purposes with accurate con-trol of temperature at 43°C.

• Uses farm by-products such as rice hull, corn cobs, or coffeehulls as fuel for heating drying air.

• Simple, easy to fabricate and operate, and needs minimal main-tenance.

• Multi-crop capability for other grains such as corn, coffee, le-gumes, and other crops (banana and cassava chips) aside frompalay.

• Allows drying during unfavorable weather conditions, i.e., at nightand during typhoons.

• Allows income generation from custom drying operations.

Specifications

Capacity : 6 t (120 cav) per batch

Drying time : 4-8 h per batch (up to 14%MC)

Drying temperature : 43-60°C (can be regulated accurately)

Fuel : Rice hull at 3-4 cav (35kg) per hour

Power requirement : Minimum of 12hp diesel or electric motor

Drying bin : Hollow blocks, cement, perforated sheets

Blower : Tube axial fan operating at 1600 rpm, for0.83 m3/sec/t of paddy at 30 mm waterstatic pressure

Intended beneficiaries : Farmer cooperatives and entrepreneurs

Cost* : P100,000.00 (without shed and engine)

P185,000.00 (with shed and engine)

__________________


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Bamboo Bin Dryer

Design History

The design was patterned afterthe low cost dryer developed by theUniversity of Agriculture and Forestryin Vietnam in collaboration with theGTZ.

The modification include increas-ing the capacity of the drying bin from10 to 20 cav/batch and setting themaximum adjustment of the heaterfor faster drying.

Problems Addressed

• Lack of low cost, small capacity dryer suited for small scalefarmers

• High drying cost of existing dryers

• Low market price of paddy during wet season

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• Simple design using automotive fan, small electric motor, elec-tric resistor, and bamboo mats

• Low-temperature drying for high head rice and milling recovery

• Appropriate capacity of 10 - 20 cav per batch for small individualfarmers

• Minimal attention time, which allows farmers to attend to othertasks while drying

• Multi-crop capability for palay, corn in cobs, etc.

• Complete drying from wet to 13-14%; dried output can be usedfor seed purposes

• Versatile. Its blower can be used to clean grains

• Portable and convenient to transport

• Easy to operate and install

Specifications

Capacity : Maximum of 20 cav per batch

Drying time : 27-30 h per batch (up to 14% MC) de-pending on initial MC. Dry during daytimeonly.

Drying air temp. : 2-3oC higher than ambient air during fineweather

: 0.5-1.0oC higher than ambient air duringrainy periods

Electric consumption : 1.5 kW/h

Drying bin : Two concentric bamboo mats on a plas-tic-lined flooring

Blower : Car radiator fan operated by ½ hp elec-tric motor at 2800 rpm

Intended users : Small farmers

Cost* : P8,000 - P9,000

*Estimated cost as of March 2000. The actual cost varies dependingon the kind of materials used, manufacturer, and location.

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PhilRice Micromill

Design History

The original design of this por-table, kiskisan-type rice mill camefrom China. IRRI came up with amodified design that could be easilymanufactured by local manufactur-ers. PhilRice improved the designbased on the feedback of the villagefolks who have used the prototype.

Problems Addressed

• Lack of milling facilities inremote villages

• High cost of milling and transport

• High losses from manual milling

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• Portable, lightweight

• Easy to operate and maintain

• Efficient, high milling recovery

• Can be used to mill other grains

• Simple, low-cost, and easy to manufacture usinglocal materials

• Can mill small quantities

Specifications HOUSEHOLD MODEL VILLAGE MODEL

Power : 1 hp electric 7-9 hp gasolinemotor or engine or5 hp gasoline 6 hp diesel engine

Input Capacity : 50-100 kg 150-250 kgpaddy/h paddy/h

Energy Consumption : 1 kW-h/h or 1 L/h 1.5-2.0 L/h

Material Used : Steel and plastic Steel and plastic

Labor Requirement : 1 person 1-2 persons

Intended users : Farmers in remote villages

Cost* : P17,000.00 P17,000.00(with electric motor) (without engine)

____________________


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PhilRice Flourmill

Design History

The design was based from themodel developed by Mr. Justo Riñen,a farmer-inventor in Ilocos Norte.PhilRice engineers optimized its de-sign and operation parameters (ro-tor speed, number of rotor blades,number of stationary bars, etc.) to im-prove the machine’s performance,particularly in terms of the finenessof the flour output and applicability for dry milling. A cyclone separa-tor was also incorporated to facilitate flour collection and minimizedust contamination of the operator.

milling chamber

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Problems Addressed

• Lack of flour mill to process dry flour

• Wet milling process easily contaminates flour

• Wet flour and product derivatives have short shelf life (1 day)


• Produces fine, dry flour for some traditional food and bakeryproducts

• Output can be stored for up to 6 months

• Output free from contamination

• Can be used to mill corn, peanut, cassava, ube, squash,banana, mungbean, chili, black pepper, soybean, and otherdried food products

• Easy to operate and maintain

• Easy to fabricate with local materials

• Can mill small quantities

Specifications

HOUSEHOLD MODEL VILLAGE MODEL

Power Requirement : 1.5 kW motor 7.5 kW motorCapacity : 10 kg/h 50-100 kg/hMilling Recovery : 98% 98%Construction : steel steelLabor Requirement : 1 person 1 personFlour fineness : Mesh # 60-100 Mesh # 60-100Machine weight : 40 kg 100 kgIntended users : Farmers’ households and cooperatives

Small business operators (flour supplier)Food processors

Cost* (with electric motor): P10,000-P15,000 P40,000-P50,000___________________


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Maligaya Rice Hull Stove

Design History

The current design is an improve-ment of Vietnamese and Indonesianrice hull stoves. After testing their per-formance with other rice hull stovedesigns (local and foreign), bothstoves were found to possess out-standing features that were incorpo-rated in this new design.

Problems Addressed

• High cost of fuel (LPG, kerosene) for domestic use

• Problem on disposal of rice hull by rice millers

• Lack of source of firewood for cooking

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• Inexpensive and easy to fabricate

• Generates high heat (yellow to bluish flame)

• Easy to ignite and operate

• Environment-friendly

• Practically smokeless

• Requires less attention

• Simple, low cost, and lightweight design

• Efficient and economical

Specifications

Construction : GI sheet/Stainless steel and round bar

Fuel Requirement : 1 kg rice hull per hour

Temperature : 600-700oC for 15-20 min. Can boil one Lof water in 4-5 min

Ignition : Burning starts after 36 sec upon droppinga burning paper

Fuel Capacity : One load can continuously burn for 28min, enough to cook rice and vegetableviand for a household of five members.

Intended users : Farm households in rice-growing areas

Cost* : P400 - P500 (B.I. sheet)P1,000 (stainless material)

____________________


Abbreviations used:

BI - black iron L - liter

cav - cavan max - maximum

cm - centimeter min - minute

h - hour MC - moisture content

ha - hectare mm - millimeter

hp - horsepower OD - outside diameter

rpm - revolution per minute

kg - kilogram sec - second

kph - kilometer per hour t - ton

km - kilometer

kW - kilowatt

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��The Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) is a government corporation

attached to the Department of Agriculture (DA). Executive Order 1061 approved onNov. 5, 1985 and amended by EO 60 dated Nov. 7, 1986, created PhilRice to helpdevelop high-yielding technologies so that farmers can produce enough rice for allFilipinos. PhilRice accomplishes this mission through research, development, andextension, which are implemented through a network that includes 56 agencies and 98seed centers strategically located nationwide.

Its interdisciplinary programs include the following: (1) direct-seeded and (2)transplanted irrigated lowland rice; (3) hybrid rice; (4) rice for adverse environments; (5)rice-based farming systems; (6) rice and rice-based products; (7) policy research andadvocacy; and (8) technology promotion. With these programs, PhilRice aims todevelop and promote technologies that are ecosystem-based, location- and problem-specific, and profitable to the Filipino farmers.

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for more information,write, visit or call:

Department of Agriculture

Philippine Rice Research Institute

�� MaligayaMuñoz, 3119 Nueva EcijaTel: 63 (044) 456-0112, -0113, -0258, -0277,

-0285, -0354Tel/Fax: (02) 843-5122

63 (044) 456-0649 local 261; -0651 local 511; -0652 local 515; -0653 local 529

e-mail: [email protected]: http://www.philrice.net

�� Los BañosUPLB Campus, College, 4031 LagunaTel: 63 (049) 536-3631 to 33, -3635Tel/Fax: 63 (049) 536-3515e-mail: [email protected]

�� San MateoMalasin, San Mateo, 3318 IsabelaTel: 63 (078) 664-2280, -2954Tel/Fax: 63 (078) 664-2953e-mail: [email protected]

�� Batac17 Tabug, Batac, 2906 Ilocos NorteTel: 63 (077) 792-4714Tel/Fax: 63 (077) 792-4702e-mail: [email protected]

�� MidsayapBual Norte, Midsayap, 9410 North CotabatoTel: 63 (06422) 98178e-mail: [email protected]

�� AgusanBasilisa, RTRomualdez, 8611 Agusan del NorteTel: 63 (085) 818-2277, -3377; (0918) 406-1145Tel/Fax: 63 (085) 818-4477e-mail: [email protected]

Documents

TB-25 Equip for Rice Production - Pinoy Rice Knowledge Bank · 2017. 10. 23. · PhilRice-JICA Rotary Reaper Design History In the 1980s, IRRI developed and introduced the IRRI-CAAMS