Quy hoch pht trin v ti nguyn nc lu vc

TCVN 8299 : 2009

Xut bn ln 1

CNG TRNH THY LI ( YU CU K THUT TRONG THIT K CA VAN, KHE VAN BNG THP

Hydraulics Structures ( Technical Requirements forSteel Gate and Groove Design ( H NI - 2009

Mc lc

Trang

Li ni u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

1 Phm vi p dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

2 Thut ng v nh ngha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3 Vt liu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4 Yu cu k thut khi thit k. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

5 Yu cu k thut khi ch to v lp t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6 Yu cu k thut v nghim thu, bn giao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Ph lc A (Quy nh): Cc s , bng biu v thng s dng tnh ton thit k ca van 29

Ph lc B (Quy nh): Vt liu ch to cc b phn kt cu ca van. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Li ni uTCVN 8299 : 2009 c chuyn i t tiu chun 14 TCN 117: 1999 v tiu chun 14 TCN 06: 2006 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a, khon 1 iu 7 ca Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.

TCVN 8299 : 2009 do Trung tm Khoa hc v Trin khai k thut thy li thuc trng i hc Thy li bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng b.

Cng trnh thy li ( Yu cu k thut trong

thit k ca van, khe van bng thp

Hydraulics Structurers Technical Requirements for Steel Gate and Groove Design1 Phm vi p dng

1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut c bn v thit k, ch to i vi cc loi ca van phng, ca van cung v khe van bng thp p dng trong cc cng trnh thy li, thy in, giao thng, ci to mi trng.

1.2 Ngoi nhng iu quy nh trong tiu chun ny, khi thit k cc loi ca van, khe van bng thp cn phi tun theo nhng quy nh trong cc tiu chun c lin quan khc.

2 Thut ng v gii thch

2.1 Ca van phng (Plane gate)Loi ca van c bn mt chn nc phng v khi ng m ca van chuyn ng tnh tin theo phng thng ng (xem Ph lc A).

2.2 Ca van cung (Radial gate)Loi ca van c bn mt chn nc hnh cung. Khi ng m ca van chuyn ng quay quanh mt trc c nh (xem Ph lc A).

2.3 Khe van (Valve groove)Khe van (hm van) l b phn gn c nh trn cng trnh nhm dn hng chuyn ng ln xung cho ca van.

2.4 Bn chn (Corrugated iron sheet for stop water motion)

Bn chn (tn bng) l chi tit dng tm dng chn nc v trc tip nhn p lc ca nc truyn vo cc dm.

2.5 dm (Beam cellular)Cc hnh ch nht c to bi dm dc v dm ngang k nhau hn trc tip vi tn bng, truyn ti trng nc vo gin ngang.

2.6 Dm chnh ngang (Beam or frame girder)Cn gi l dm c hoc gin, l dm chu ti trng chnh ca ca van t theo phng ngang.2.7 Dm ngang nh (Ridge crossbeam)Dm ngang song song vi dm chnh t nh ca

2.8 Dm ngang y (Ground crossbeam)Dm ngang song song vi dm chnh t y ca

2.9 Dm ph ngang (Secondary cross girder)Dm song song vi dm chnh chu ti trng cc b

2.10 Dm ph ng (Secondary vertical beam)Dm t vung gc vi dm ngang to cng vng cho dm.

2.11 Dm bin (Marginal beam) Dm ng t vung gc vi dm chnh v ngoi cng ca bin ca.

2.12 Gin gi (Connection truss)

Phn gin lin kt dm cng thnh mt khi.

2.13 Giong kn nc (Water tight gasket)Chi tit bt kn nc gia ca van v khe ca khi ca van ng ht (giong kn nc y ca, hai cnh bn v nh ca).

2.14 C (Mechanical thrust)Bnh xe ln hoc trt c nhim v gi cho ca khng b lc ngang qu ln khi ng m.

2.15 Gi ta ng (Movable bearing)B phn truyn ti trng ca ca vo khe van ca cng trnh trong qu trnh lm vic ca ca. Gi ta ng l bnh xe hoc trt

2.16 Cng van (Valve seat)Cn gi l chn van, l b phn lin kt gia dm chnh v gi ta quay.2.17 Khung chnh (Base frame)B phn lin kt gia dm chnh v cng van.

2.18 Gin chng (Crib)Gin chng cn gi l gin chu trng lng l b phn lin kt cc khung chnh vi nhau.

2.19 Gi quay (Rotary bearing)Gi quay cn gi l gi hay ci quay l b phn truyn ton b ti trng ca ca van cung vo m cng trnh. Gi quay l im ta quay ca ca.

2.20 B phn t sn (Fixed part)Cc b phn t v lin kt c nh vi b tng to thnh im ta cho ca van lm vic nh khe van, tng ngc, ngng ca, ray.

3 Vt liu

3.1 Loi vt liu v phm vi p dng trong tng b phn kt cu ca van

Ty theo ch lm vic, quy m kt cu cng trnh cc b phn kt cu ca van c th dng cc loi vt liu khc nhau (xem Ph lc B).

3.2 Cc c trng tnh ton ca vt liu ch to

3.2.1 Cng tnh ton ca thp vi nhng dng khc nhau ca trng thi ng sut c xc nh theo cc cng thc iu A2, Ph lc A.

3.2.2 Gi tr h s tin cy (vl c th ly bng 1,1.

4 Yu cu k thut khi thit k

4.1 Yu cu k thut chung

4.1.1 Phi c gii php bo v chng n mn cho thp. Khng c tng b dy ca thp cn v thp ng vi mc ch phng n mn kim loi.

4.1.2 Khi tnh ton thit k cn phi m bo cc yu cu v tit kim kim loi, v la chn s ti u ca cng trnh v tit din ca cc cu kin trn c s kinh t k thut, phi dng cc thp cn nh hnh v nhng mc thp c hiu qu kinh t.

4.1.3 S tnh ton v nhng gi thit tnh ton c bn phi th hin c iu kin lm vic thc t ca ca van.

4.1.4 Tr s ng sut ln nht ca kt cu khi tnh ton khng c vt qu 5 % ng sut cho php ca vt liu.

4.1.5 Tnh ton thit k cc cu kin ca van c thc hin theo phng php ng sut cho php.

4.2 Lc v ti trng tnh ton

4.2.1 Cc ngoi lc tc dng ln ca van

Lc v ti trng tc dng ln ca van bao gm:

a) p lc thu tnh (iu A3, Ph lc A);

b) p lc thu ng;

c) Trng lng bn thn, lc qun tnh;

d) p lc thm ca nc;

e) Lc y ni;

f) p lc sng;

g) p lc gi, p lc khng kh;

h) p lc va ca vt ni, ca tu thuyn;

i) p lc bn ct lng;

k) Lc ca c cu nng;

l) Lc ng t;

m) Ti trng lp rp, lc gin n v nhit;

n) Ti trng khi th;

o) Lc chn khng khi ng ca.

4.2.2 T hp ti trng

4.2.2.1 T hp ti trng c la chn theo c im ca cng trnh

4.2.2.2 T hp ti trng chnh bao gm nhng lc mang tnh cht thng xuyn tc dng ln ca van nh:

a) p lc thu tnh (iu A.3, Ph lc A);

b) p lc thu ng;

c) Trng lng bn thn, lc qun tnh;

d) p lc thm ca nc;

e) Lc y ni;

f) p lc sng;

g) Lc ma st;

h) p lc bn ct lng;

i) Lc ca c cu nng.

4.2.2.3 T hp ti trng c bit bao gm nhng lc trong t hp chnh quy nh ti iu 4.2.2.2 v cc lc khng thng xuyn sau y:

a) p lc va ca vt ni, ca tu thuyn;

b) Lc ng t;

c) Ti trng lp rp, lc gin n v nhit;

d) Ti trng khi th;

e) Lc c cu nng khi ca b kt;

g) Lc chn khng khi ng ca.

4.3 Yu cu k thut v b tr kt cu ca van

4.3.1 Ca van phng

4.3.1.1 H dm ca van phng c b tr trn cng mt lp, c xt n cng ngh ch to, vn chuyn v chng han g.

4.3.1.2 Chn s dm chnh v b tr dm chnh thc hin theo quy nh sau:

a) Da vo t l gia chiu rng B v chiu cao H ca van phng chn s dm chnh:

1) Khi t l : b tr 2 dm chnh;

2) Khi t l : b tr s dm chnh nhiu hn 2;

b) Khi b tr dm chnh phi xt cc yu t sau y:

1) Ti trng ln cc dm chinh l u nhau;

2) Khong cch cc dm chnh b tr d ch to, vn chuyn v lp t;

3) Khong cch cc dm chnh bo m yu cu b tr gi ta ng;

4) C ly dm chnh y n giong chn nc y phi bo m hnh dng y van. Gc nghing h lu ca y ca van cng tc v ca van s c khng c nh hn 30(. Nu ngng van t nghing th c th tng gim thch hp gc nghing . Nu khng tho mn gc nghing 30( th dng bin php np kh. i vi van phng li dng tng phn ct nc m, gc nghing thng lu khng c nh hn 45(, tt nht l 60( (xem Hnh A.3, Ph lc A).

4.3.1.3 Van phng trn mt vi dm kp, dm chnh b tr ti v tr cch u nhau trn di im t hp lc thu tnh P (xem iu A.3, Ph lc A) ng thi ch cc im sau y:

a) Khong cch a gia cc dm chnh nn chn thin ln mt t;b) C ly t dm chnh trn n mp nh dm chnh trn ao phi nh hn 0,45.H nhng khng c ly ln hn 3,6 m.4.3.1.4 Cn c khu v ti trng chn dm chnh l dm c hoc dm kiu gin. S b chn chiu cao dm chnh c nn tho mn yu cu chiu cao dm chnh nh nht, ng thi tham kho chiu cao dm kinh t tng hp phn tch m nh.

4.3.1.5 gim kch thc cnh van v tit kim vt liu, i vi ca van khu ln c th dng dm chnh vi mt ct bin i sao cho chiu cao phn u ca n bng t 0,4.h n 0,6.h trong h l chiu cao gia nhp. V tr bin i chiu cao dm chnh bng () trong L l khu gi ta ng, ng thi tho mn yu cu v bn.

4.3.1.6 Dm bin ca van phng cn chn kiu c, cn gi ta ng kiu trt nn dng dm chnh kiu c n, gi ta ng kiu bnh xe th dng dm bin kiu c kp.

4.3.2 Ca van cung

4.3.2.1 T s gia bn knh cong vi chiu cao ca bn mt ly theo quy nh sau:

a) Kiu van trn mt: t 1,0 1.5;b) Kiu van di su: t 1,1 2,2.

4.3.2.2 Phi b tr ci van cung nm pha trn mc nc trnh bo rc va p vo van:

a) Van cung trn mt p trn: v tr ci quay c th b tr pha trn ngng y van, t H n H ;

b) Van cung trn mt: v tr ci c th b tr pha trn ngng y van t 2/3 H n H;

c) Van cung di su, v tr ci quay c th b tr pha trn ngng y van ln hn 1,1 H.

CH THCH: H l chiu cao ca van

4.3.2.3 ng tm quay ca mt tn bng trng vi trc quay ca; trng hp cn thit cho php h thp tm trc quay ca xung t 50 mm n 100 mm so vi ng tm mt tn bng.

4.3.2.4 Cn c t s gia chiu rng B vi chiu cao ca van H b tr kt cu dm chnh ngang hoc dm dc. Khi H tng i ln thch hp vi kiu dm chnh ngang; khi H tng i b th dng kiu dm chnh dc.

4.3.2.5 Cc kiu kt cu khung chnh chu lc quy nh ti Hnh A.5 Ph lc A, p dng nh sau:

- Khi iu kin chu lc cho php, dng kiu a;

- Khi gi nm trn tng bn, dng kiu b vi l1 = 0,2 L ;

- Khi khng gian ca ca van khng thch hp vi kiu a hoc kiu b, th chn kiu c;

- Dng khung chnh dc kiu gin, dng kiu d.

4.3.2.6 T s cng n v Ko gia dm c ngang van cung vi cng chn t 3 n 11 (nu l cng xin chn t 3 n 7, cng thng t 5 n 11) v c th tnh theo cng thc (1)

; 1)

trong :

Ilo , Lo l m men qun tnh mt ct dm chnh ngang v khu tnh ton;

Ih, h l m men qun tnh mt ct cng v chiu di.

4.3.2.7 Cng van cung c ni cng vi dm chnh ngang. Cng xin ni vi dm chnh ngang bng bu lng v phi c tm chng ct (Hnh A.6, Ph lc A). Hai mt u ca tm ni vi mt tm chng ct phi c tip xc tt. Cn xt n tnh lp ln gia cc dm ghp, khng ng nc v d ch to. Khi dng dm hp kiu h v hp kn, cn b tr kt cu c i xng, bo m ca van ng m c n nh.

4.3.2.8 Ca van c nhiu khung chnh phi thit k cc khung chnh chu lc nh nhau.

4.4 Yu cu k thut tnh ton kt cu ca van

4.4.1 Yu cu chung

4.4.1.1 Tnh ton kt cu ca van phi cn c vo t hp ti trng bt li nht v iu kin c th cng trnh c th pht sinh tnh ton, kim tra bn, cng v tnh n nh ca ca van.

4.4.1.2 Khi dm chnh, dm ph c hn cht vi bn mt th phi xt bn mt cng tham gia chu lc.

4.4.2 Kim tra bn

Cn tin hnh kim tra ng sut un v ng sut ct i vi cc kt cu chu ti v cu kin lin kt ca ca van. i vi h dm dc v bn mt ca van cung c th b qua nh hng ca bn knh cong, tnh ton kim tra theo iu kin dm thng v bn mt phng.

4.4.3 Kim tra n nh ca cu kin chu un

4.4.3.1 vng tnh ton khng c vt qu cc tr s cho php. vng f cho php ca ca van khi lm vic quy nh nh sau:

( Dm chnh ca ca van di su: f ( 1/1000;

( Dm chnh ca ca van trn mt, lm vic trong dng chy: f ( 1/600 ;

( Ca chnh chu ti trng tnh v cc ca s c: f ( 1/500;

( Ca sa cha, f ( 1/400;

( Cc b phn ph ca dm, li chn rc: f ( 1/250;

4.4.3.2 mnh ca cu kin ca van khng c nh hn cc tr s cho php. mnh cho php ca cu kin quy nh nh sau:

a) i vi cu kin chu nn:

( Cu kin chnh: 120;

( Cu kin ph: 150;

( Cu kin lin kt: 200.

b) i vi cu kin chu ko:

( Cu kin chnh: 200;

( Cu kin ph: 250;

( Cu kin lin kt: 350.

4.4.4 dy thp tm hoc mt ct thp hnh ca cu kin chu ti ca ca van

4.4.4.1 dy thp tm hoc mt ct thp hnh ca cu kin chu ti ca ca van khng nh hn cc gi tr sau:

a) Thp tm 6 mm;

b) Thp gc u cnh: L 50 mm x 40 mm x 6 mm ;

c) Thp gc khng u cnh: L 63 mm x 40 mm x 6 mm;

d) Thp ch I: I 12;

e) Thp ch U:U 8.

4.4.4.2 i vi ca van loi nh c b rng di 1,0 m th dy khng b hn ch.

4.4.5 Li chc rc 4.4.5.1 Ti trng tnh ton li chn rc c xc nh theo tnh cht, s lng v bin php vt rc. Li chc rc dng cho trm thu in c tnh theo chnh mc nc trc v sau li chn rc t 2 m n 4 m. Trng hp c bit c xc nh qua phn tch c th.

4.4.5.2 Vi yu cu bo v t my thu in, cn tng khong cch thanh li chn rc thch hp d vt rc v gim tn tht ct nc.

4.4.5.3 Li chn rc nn thit k kiu ng tin sa cha, thay th.

4.4.5.4 i vi mt ct thanh li chn rc, chiu cao khng c ln hn 12 ln chiu dy ca n nhng cng khng nh hn 50 mm. C ly gi nghing thanh li khng c ln hn 70 ln chiu dy thanh.

4.4.5.5 Cn kim tra bn v tnh n nh ca thanh vi h s n nh nh hn 2.

4.4.5.6 i vi cc kt cu chu lc cn da vo s b tr v cu to tin hnh kim tra bn.

4.5 Yu cu k thut thit k chi tit my4.5.1 Yu cu chung

4.5.1.1 Thit k cu kin c nn ch tnh cng ngh c v ph hp yu cu v kt cu c v ph hp qui nh hin hnh.

4.5.1.2 Cn tin hnh m crm i vi trc ca bnh xe, khp , tai treo v cc bin php chng n mn tu theo iu kin lm vic c th. Cc chi tit lm vic di nc nh trc, bu lng v cu, hoc cc chi tit lun phi tho lp cng cn x l chng n mn, hoc dng vt liu chng g.

4.5.1.3 Trc v bc trc ca bnh xe, khp cn c bi trn tt. Cc b phn c nh trn trc cn c l tra du, rnh du v nt du. Rnh du b tr pha khng chu nn. ln hoc trt lm vic trong nc ln nhiu bn ct, ngoi vic bi trn cng cn b phn lm kn v c l x dn. Thit b bi trn cn thun li cho vic tra du.

4.5.2 Thit k gi ta ng

4.5.2.1 Kiu gi ta ng van phng chn theo iu kin lm vic, ti trng v khn . Cc van cng tc v s c thng dng bnh xe hoc tm trt. i vi ca van sa cha v ca van cng tc vi lc ng m khng ln, c th dng tm trt lm bng thp hoc bng gang c.

4.5.2.2 Gi ta ng bnh xe c kiu cm bnh xe v bnh xe n c trc c nh vo ca theo dng dm cng xn v kiu hp (bnh xe nm trong hp). Khi ti v khu ln phi dng cm bnh xe kp lp kiu bp bnh hoc ca van ln c phn on lin kt mm nhiu bnh xe c th tip xc u.

4.5.2.3 Tnh ton cc loi gi ta ng c th cn c vo c im kt cu ca n, tnh ton kim tra ng sut tip xc ca bnh xe chnh.

4.5.2.4 Gi ta ng ngc chiu c th da theo kch thc ca van, p lc nc, im treo, kiu rnh van m dng bnh xe hay tm trt.

4.5.2.5 cng ca bnh xe nn chn hi b hn cng ca ray. Khi p lc bnh xe tng i ln cn tin hnh nghin cu chuyn su hn v vt liu bnh xe v ray, cng v cng ngh ch to.

4.5.2.6 Khi ca van b tr nhiu bnh xe iu chnh mt t bnh xe trn cng mt mt phng nn dng loi trc lch tm.

4.5.2.7 Ti trng thit k ln nht tc dng ln bnh xe cn tnh theo p lc bnh xe ln nht c xt n h s khng ng u nht nh k. Chn k = 1,1 cho bnh xe n v cc trng hp c bit khc cn nghin cu ring.

4.5.2.8 Khi dng tm trt bng thp, gang cn cn c vo cu to, hnh dng v tip xc kim tra ng sut tip xc v bn ca bu lng ni.

4.5.3 Thit k ci quay

4.5.3.1 Dng gi quay ca van cung cn chn theo ti trng, khu v kiu cng . Dng ci quay thng dng c kiu hnh tr, hnh cn, hnh tr ch thp hoc hnh cu.

4.5.3.2 Bnh xe, bc trt ca cng: cn c iu kin cng tc nn dng bc trc lm bng g p, bng ng hoc loi vt liu t b mi mn, cng c th dng bnh xe lp bi.

4.5.4 Thit k tai ko, cn ko ca

4.5.4.1 Tai ko ca c th t gia (i vi trng hp b tr 1 tai ko) hoc hai im ko hai pha dm bin tu theo chiu rng ca van, t s chiu rng v chiu cao, lc nng v kiu b tr my ng m m quyt nh. Khi t s rng /cao ln hn 1,0, nn chn hai im ko.

4.5.4.2 Tai ko ca van phng thng lin kt vi dm nh, ng thi b tr trng tm ca van. Tai ko ca van h lu (van sa cha) ca trm thy in c th b tr hi lch v pha chn nc nng cao hiu qu chn nc. Tai ko van cung trn mt nn b tr mt trc bn mt ti giao im cng vi dm chnh di ca van, cng c th b tr hai u dm chnh di mt sau bn mt. Tai ko van cung di su thng b tr nh van.

4.5.4.3 Ti trng tc dng ln tai ko, cn ko, trc ni, tm ni v bu lng ni c tnh theo lc ng m van nhn vi h s gia ti (thng ly t 1,1 n 1,2) v xt nh hng ca s tng ti hoc s phn b khng ng u khi nng h ca van.

4.5.4.4 Khi ng m van ch trong cc trng hp sau mi dng cn ko:

a) Gp kh khn khi dng cht kho t ng;

b) Khng mun bnh xe ca my ng m ngm trong nc di ngy;

c) Khi hnh trnh my ng m bng trc vt hay xi lanh thy lc khng ;

d) Gi thnh ch to v hao ph vt liu ln.

4.5.4.5 Chiu di phn on cn ko phi xc nh theo yu cu ca chiu cao ca van, hnh trnh my ng m, tho d cn ko v i hng chuyn ng.

4.5.4.6 Tnh ton la chn chiu rng, chiu dy tai ko v kch thc lin quan ca ng knh l ca cn ko v tai ko xem Hnh A.7, Ph lc A.

4.5.4.7 bo m s tip xc tt gia trc v l ca cn ko, d tho lp trc ni, l trc nn c dng van. i vi cn ko c ti trng khng ln c th tng ng knh l ln 1 mm.4.5.4.8 Cu to ca cht kho nn tho mn yu cu sau:

( D thao tc, an ton, tin cy;

( Vn hnh iu khin cht kho trn sn t my hoc sn sa cha. Nu c iu kin nn dng b cht kho t ng hoc bn t ng.

4.5.4.9 Phn ng v phn chn trong b tng ca cht cn theo iu kin chu lc v tnh trng kt cu kim tra bn v n nh no cht.

4.5.5 Thit k giong chn nc

4.5.5.1 Giong chn nc ca ca van thng b tr trn phn ng tin thay th khi sa cha, nu phi lp giong phn chn trong b tng th cn c iu kin thay th. Giong chn nc lm vic cc v tr u phi bo m tnh lin tc v kn.

4.5.5.2 Cht lng lm vic ca giong chn nc phi bo m cc ch tiu theo quy nh ti iu B1, Ph lc B.

4.5.5.3 i vi ca van di su, khu ln, giong chn nc b tr pha trc van th cn xt n nh hng bin dng un ca giong chn nc nh. Ngoi ra cn cn ch ngn nga giong cao su chn nc phn nh ca van b cun lt trong qu trnh ng m van.

4.5.5.4 Giong chn nc ca van cn c nn d. i vi giong chn nc bn v nh nn d t 2 mm n 4 mm.

4.5.5.5 Giong chn nc nh v cnh dng cao su vi mt ct hnh ch P hoc ( u trn. Giong chn nc van cung di su v trn mt c th dng cao su vi mt ct ch P v L Chn nc y dng cao su hnh mi ao. i vi van cung ct nc cao, cn c iu kin s dng tin hnh nghin cu v th nghim m xc nh kiu giong chn nc thich hp.

4.5.5.6 Chiu dy tm p giong chn nc nh hn 10 mm. Vi van loi nh nn gim bt khong cch gia cc bu lng tm p sao cho nh hn 150 mm.

4.5.5.7 Giong chn nc nh van cung vi ct nc cao nn b tr thnh 2 ng: trn van v ca van mi ni mt ng chn nc. Cn tho mn yu cu v chnh xc lp ghp gia bn mt v giong chn nc trong qa trnh ng m van.

4.5.5.8 Khi dng thp tm chng r gia cng tm chn nc nh v bn, dy sau khi gia cng khng nh hn 4 mm. Tm chn nc v cc chi tit t sn nn gia cng thnh mt khi hon chnh, cu to ca n cn tho mn yu cu hn ni v gia cng.

4.5.6 Lin kt cu kin

4.5.6.1 Trong thit k cn b tr mi hn i xng vi trng tm ca cu kin. Khng c tu tin m to mi hn, cn trnh nhiu mi hn tp trung v giao cho ti mt im. Khng c dng mi hn gin on.

4.5.6.2 Khi thit k hn ni cn xt n yu cu v cng ngh hn nh gc hn, iu kin thot khi khi hn.

4.5.6.3 Ca van ng m cn hn kn cc mi hn gia mp cnh dm chnh v bn bng, gia dm bng chnh v dm bin, mi hn ch T gia cng vi hai u tm gi chu un, cht lng mi hn tt. Ngoi ra, cng cn cn c iu kin hn v chiu dy thp hn tin hnh gia cng mp hn.

4.5.6.4 Nn dng bu lng bn tinh ghp ni tip bnh thng. i vi cu kin chu lc ct ti trng ng nn dng bu lng tinh c doa l.

4.5.6.5 Khi tnh ton v yu cu cu to khng cho php ghp bng bu lng thng th nn dng bu lng vi bn cao.

4.5.7 Thit k chi tit t sn trong b tng

4.5.7.1 Kch thc hnh hc ca khe van phi ph hp loi ca van. Chiu rng v chiu su khe van phi bo m cho phn ng hot ng thun tin, bn v n nh. Chn kch thc khe van c th tham kho iu A.7, Ph lc A.

4.5.7.2 Cc chi tit t sn ca ca van phi truyn c ti trng tc dng ca ca van xung b tng, nn mng. m bo ca van ng m linh hot, khe h gia mt b tng rnh van n mt gi ta ng ngc khng c nh hn 20 mm.

4.5.7.3 Chi tit t sn cn lp t khi b tng t 2.

4.5.7.4 ng knh cc thanh thp no cu kin t sn vi b tng khng c nh hn 16 mm, chiu di nh khi mt b tng t I khng nh hn 150 mm. Vi ca van ct nc thp th ng knh v chiu di ni trn nn gim thch hp.

4.5.7.5 thch ng vi vic thi cng tm trt bng thp, thp no t 1 c th dng kiu tm no, lin kt vi tng v tm no iu chnh khi b tng ln 2.

4.5.7.6 i vi cc ca van x ct trn sng nhiu bn ct th cu kin t sn v phn lt ph ca van nn kt hp tnh ton theo yu cu chng mi mn v chng n mn. ng thi trong trng hp ny phn y van cn c bin php lt bo v tng ng.

4.5.7.7 Khi dng cu kin t sn cn phn on. Vic phn on phi xt n yu cu vn chuyn, ch to v lp rp do s hn ch ca chiu di v cng bn thn.

4.5.7.8 Chi tit t sn ca ngng van nn dng thp vi mt ct hnh ch I. Khi ct nc tng i ln c th tng thch ng kch thc mt ct chi tit t sn v din tch tip xc gia b tng v chi tit chn, i vi ca van vi ct nc thp c th n gin hn.

4.5.7.9 i vi ca van s c ca ly nc trm thu in, li dng p lc nc ng van th kch thc lin quan cch tng ngc v ca van c th tham kho Hnh A.8, Ph lc A. i vi ca van s c ca trm thu in ln cn thng qua th nghim m hnh xc nh kch thc ni trn.

4.5.7.10 Chiu cao ca ray chnh trong khe van phng cng tc v van s c di su cn da theo iu kin s dng chn, c th ly bng 1,5 ln n 2,0 ln chiu cao l cng. tin cho vic lun cnh van vo khe van, nh ca ng ray cn c m dc dn hng.

4.5.7.11 bn ca ray chnh trong khe van phng c th tham kho iu A.5, Ph lc A kim tra. Ray ngc, ray bn chn theo cu to.

4.5.7.12 Gi quay ca van cung trn mt thng t ln tr pin, van cung di su t ln dm thp.

4.5.7.13 Hai pha trn v di ca rnh van phng c b tr thp gc gia cng, chiu cao ca tm ny c xc nh theo iu kin lm vic ca van.

4.5.7.14 Khi thit k chi tit t sn ca rnh li chn rc c th tin hnh theo cc yu cu lin quan ca chi tit chn sn ca van phng.

4.5.7.15 i vi ca van dn dng thi cng c ln v va: ngng van, chi tit bo v ph cn cn c trng thi dng chy lc dn dng, thi gian dn dng di ngn v trng thi bn ct i qua van xc nh. Chiu cao ngng ly bng 200 mm n 300 mm. Khi cn c th lp thm tm bo v rng t 800 mm n 1 500 mm c v 2 pha ca n v cn c thp no gia c.

4.6 Tnh ton sc bn v n nh kt cu cc b phn ca van

4.6.1 p lc nc tc dng trc tip vo bn mt ca, t truyn n cc dm ph (ng, ngang) n dm chnh cng nh cc b phn khc ca ca van. Vic xc nh ti trng tc dng ln bn mt ca l c s cho tnh ton cc b phn kt cu khc ca ca van.

4.6.2 p lc thu tnh c xc nh da vo kch thc ca van v mc nc thng, h lu cng, xem iu A.3, Ph lc A

4.6.3 p lc thy ng hay thnh phn p lc nm ngang xut hin khi m ca tng phn. Do tn tht ct nc khi chy qua ca nn tr s p lc ng b hn p lc thy tnh. Khi tnh ton cn ch : khi ca ng tr s p lc ng ca nc khng c, ngc li khi m tng phn tr s p lc thy tnh s khng c. Khi tnh s b tr s p lc ng ly bng tr s p lc tnh v tr tng ng.4.6.4 p lc bn ct, Pbc (daN) c tnh theo cng thc sau:

(2)

trong :

hbc l chiu cao lp bn ct, m;

( l gc ma st trong ca bn ct trong nc, (o);

(bc l trng lng ring ca bn ct trong nc, N/m3;

L - chiu rng bn ct tc dng ln ca, m;

4.6.5 Lc ht y ca, Ph (daN) c tnh theo cng thc sau:

(3)

trong :

Pa = 0,6 daN/cm2 l lc ht chn khng n v;

b l chiu rng phn y ca tip xc vi ngng, cm;

L l chiu di phn y ca tip xc vi ngng, cm.

4.6.6 Trng lng bn thn ca ca c tnh ton theo kt cu. Khi chn s b c th s dng cng thc kinh nghim.

4.6.7 Ti trng do gi ch tnh vi phn ca nm trn mt nc v c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

, (daN);

(4)

trong :

F l din tch b mt chu tc dng gi ca ca, m2;

qgi l cng p lc gi khu vc t cng trnh:

qgi = 25 daN/m2 ( 100 daN/m2. Thng thng tnh ton ly qgi = 45 daN/m2.

4.6.8 li dng y bn bn mt, khi b tr khong cch dm nn chn sao cho t s bin di ngn ca bn mt (b/a) ln hn 1,5; ng thi b tr bin di dc theo hng tim trc dm chnh.

4.6.9 Tnh ton xc nh b dy tn bng:

a) ng sut un cc b ca bn mt c th chu phi tnh kim tra theo kt cu v mng c c nh 4 bn (hoc c nh 3 bn, 1 bn dm n hoc c nh hai bn k nhau l dm n). i vi cc dm nh ca ca van trn mt, tnh theo iu kin ti trng phn b tam gic. Chiu dy bn mt tnh s b theo cng thc sau:

( , mm (5)

trong :

ky l H s ng sut trung im bin di ca b tm mng n hi tnh theo iu A.6, Ph lc A; l h s hiu chnh n hi:

khi b/a > 3; = 1,4;

Khi b/a 3, = 1,5;

p l cng p lc nc trung tm ca dm tnh ton, N/mm2;

a,b l chiu di bin ngn, bin di ca dm tnh t mp hn ca cc cnh, mm;

[] l ng sut un cho php ca vt liu, N/mm2.

b) Khi hn bn mt vi dm hp chnh v dm ph cn xt n s lm vic ca cc bn mt c lin h vi mp dm cnh, chiu rng hu hiu ca n tnh theo quy nh ti iu A.6, Ph lc A. Tuy nhin trong cc ca van c nhp ln hn 10 m, chiu dy bn mt ca khng c nh hn 10 mm. Trong cc trng hp cn li chiu dy bn mt khng nh hn 6 mm.

4.6.10 Dm ngang (chnh, ph) c tnh ton kim tra trong trng hp chu lc bt li nht, tnh ton bn theo trng thi gii hn th nht v kim tra theo trng thi gii hn th hai:

a) Dm ngang lm vic nh mt dm n gi ta 2 u vi ti trng phn b u qtt:

qtt = qn + qG, (6)

trong :

qn l ti trng phn b u ca p lc nc tc dng ln ca theo phng ngang, N/cm;

qG l ti trng phn b u ca trng lng bn thn ca, N/cm.

b) Ty thuc vo t hp mc nc tc dng vo thng lu v h lu ca van m qtt s c xc nh. M men ln nht Mmax xut hin gia dm v c gi tr c tnh theo cng thc sau:

(7)

c) M men chng un yu cu xc nh theo cng thc sau:

(8)

d) Kim tra kh nng chu lc ca ca theo biu thc (tt < [(] m bo iu kin an ton cho ca van ni chung:

(9)

4.6.11 vng ca dm c kim tra theo cng thc (10) m bo dm ngang tho mn iu kin bin dng khi lm vic:

(10)

.

4.6.12 Chiu di tnh ton cng van cung tnh theo cng thc (11) trong iu kin kim tra tnh n nh cng trong mt phng ca dn khung:

ho = (. h;

(11)

trong :

ho l chiu di tnh mt na cng ;

h l chiu di cng tnh t ng tim ca khung;

( l h s chiu di tnh ton ca cng:

( = 1,2 1,5 dng cho cng hp hnh ch nht hoc khung hnh thang;

( = 1,0 dng cho cng khung hnh tam gic nhiu tng dm chnh dc.

4.6.13 Trc ko ca c tnh ton kim tra theo cc trng thi chu lc nguy him bao gm chu un, chu ct v chu p mt ng vi trng hp ca van lm vic trng thi chu lc nguy him nht. Trong trng hp ny ti trng Qtr tc dng ln trc ca gm c: G l trng lng bn thn ca;

Fms l lc ma st. Lc ma st sinh ra ch yu do p lc nc.

Qtr = G + Fms

Trong trng hp ca van c 2 trc ko ca th Qtr c chia 2, nhng phi nhn vi h s lm vic khng ng thi ca trc n = 1,5.

4.6.14 Tnh ton trc ca theo iu kin chu un:

a) Xem trc ca lm vic nh l mt dm gi ta 2 u l bc gi , chu lc phn b u dc chiu di trc vi tng hp lc bng Q. M men ln nht xut hin gia bu lng v c gi tr c xc nh theo cng thc (12)

(12)

b) Kim tra kh nng chu un theo cng thc (13)

(13)

trong :

W l m men chng un ca trc ca;

[(U] l ng sut un cho php ca trc;

L l khong cch gia hai tai gi trc.

4.6.15 Kim tra bn cho trc theo iu kin chu dp (p mt), p dng cng thc (14)

, (14)

trong :

Fd l din tch chu dp (p mt) ca trc ca;

[(d] l ng sut dp (p mt) cho php ca trc.

4.6.16 Tnh ton cho trc theo iu kin chu ct theo cng thc (15)

, (15)

trong :

Fc l din tch mt ct ngang ca trc;

[(] l ng sut ct cho php ca trc.

4.6.17 Tai trc ca c tnh ton theo hai trng thi chu ko v chu dp (p mt), tham kho quy nh ti Hnh A.7, Ph lc A:

a) Tnh ton cho tai trc theo iu kin chu ko, p dng theo cng thc (16)

, (16)

trong :

A l din tch chu ko ca tai trc ca;

[(k] l ng sut ko cho php ca trc.

b) Kim tra bn cho tai trc theo iu kin chu p mt, p dng theo cng thc (17)

, (17)

trong :

d l ng knh chu p mt ca tai trc ca;

[(d] l ng sut p mt cho php ca tai trc.

4.6.18 Trc v tai bnh xe ln c tnh ton tng t nh trc v tai ko ca, nhng bn cnh vic nhn vi h s lm vic khng ng thi ca trc cn phi nhn vi h s ti trng ng khi bnh xe ln trn khe ca. 4.7 Tnh ton lin kt ca kt cu thp

4.7.1 Lin kt hn

Cn phi tnh ton kim tra cc mi hn quan trng lin kt ca kt cu thp ca van. Cc phng php tnh kim tra mi hn gip mp, hn gc chu un, nn, ct thc hin theo quy nh ti iu A.12, Ph lc A.4.7.2 Lin kt bu lng

Cc kt cu thp lin kt bng bu lng cn phi tnh ton kim tra kh nng chu ct, chu dp, chu ko la chn thch hp, thc hin theo quy nh ti iu A.12, Ph lc A.

4.7.3 Lin kt inh tn

Cc kt cu thp lin kt bng inh tn cn phi tnh ton kim tra kh nng chu ct, chu dp, chu ko la chn thch hp, thc hin theo quy nh ti iu A.12, Ph lc A. Trong trng hp lin kt inh tn chu tc dng ng thi ca lc ct v m men, vic tnh ton inh tn c thc hin ging nh i vi bu lng. Trong cc cng thc tnh ton thay cc gi tr v kh nng chu lc ca bu lng bi gi tr tng ng ca inh tn.

4.8 Tnh ton bnh xe ln

4.8.1 Ngoi vic tnh ton trc v bc bnh xe (nh i vi tnh ton trc quay ca) cn phi kim tra ng sut cc b gia bnh xe v ng ln.

4.8.2 Khi bnh xe v ng ln l mt tr phng, ng sut dp (p cc b) ( c kim tra theo cng thc (18)

, (18)

trong :

Pk l lc trn bnh xe hoc con ln;

E l m un n hi ca vt liu, xc nh theo iu B.3 ca Ph lc B;A l h s ng: A = 1 + 0,2 v;v l tc chuyn ng ca bnh xe;

b l chiu rng tnh ton ca mt ta;

R l bn knh ca bnh xe hoc con ln;

[d] l ng sut dp cho php, tham kho ti iu B.3, Ph lc B.

4.8.3 Khi bnh xe l mt tr cong 2 chiu v ng ln l mt phng hoc bnh xe l tr phng m ng ln c u trn (tip xc im), ng sut p cc b ( c kim tra theo cng thc (19)

, (19)

trong :

m l h s ph thuc t s 1/2 ca bn knh cong bnh xe v ray, ly theo iu B.4, Ph lc B;

max l bn knh tng ng ln nht; mm.

4.9 Tnh ton lc ng m ca van

4.9.1 Tnh lc ng m ca van phng

4.9.1.1 Tnh lc m ca van (lc ko), p dng cng thc (20):

Qm ( kG (G + Gc) + kms(Fms+ Fc) + Ph + Vn (20)

4.9.1.2 Tnh lc ng ca van, p dng cng thc (21):

Q ( kms(Fms+ Fc) + P kG G (21)

trong :

kG l h s gia trng, kG = 1 1,1;

G l trng lng ca, N;

Gc l trng phn gia trng (nu c), N;

kms l h s tng ma st khi cha k ht, kms= 1,2;

Fms l lc ma st gi ta ng: Fms= Pz ( f, N

- Vi bnh xe trc bng bc: Fms = (Pz/R) ( (f1 + f2.r);

- Vi bnh xe trc bng bi: Fms = (Pz/R) ( f1((R/r1)+ 1).

R l bn knh bnh xe ln ta ng, m;

r l bn knh ngng trc, m;

f , f2 l h s ma st trt;

f1 l h s ma st ln;

r1 l bn knh bi;

Fc l lc ma st ca giong (vt) chn nc, N:

Fc = 2.Hcp.b.a.f3 + Hgt.e.a.f3 (22)

b l chiu di ca ging kn nc chu tc dng ca ct nc H, m;

Hcp l ct nc trung bnh tc dng vo giong cnh, m;

a l chiu rng mt giong p vo ng trt, m;

e l chiu di giong nh, m;

f3 l h s ma st trt gia giong cao su v mt ta ging;

Hgt l chiu cao ct nc n giong nh ca van, m.

CH THCH: i vi ca van trn mt khng c thnh phn ma st giong nh

Ph l lc ht y ca, N;

Vn l trng lng khi nc trn nh ca van (nu c i vi ca van di su), N;

kG l h s gim trng lng, kG = 0,9 1,0;

P l lc y di y ca van, N.

4.9.1.3 Trong trng hp ca van chu nh hng nhiu ca s lng ng bn ct khi tnh ton cn xt thm ti trng do bn ct tc dng vo ca.

4.9.2 Tnh lc ng m ca van cung

4.9.2.1 Lc m ca van cung c xc nh theo cng thc (23), (24)

(23)

Tng m men ca van n tm quay ca gi quay:

(24)

4.9.2.2 Lc ng ca van xc nh theo cng thc:

kG Q.LQ kms ( ( Mc+Mm) + P.e ( P.eP ,

(25)4.9.2.3 iu kn gi ca van

Q.LQ 1,1.MG + Ph.eh + n.Vn.en - (Mc+Mm),

(26)trong :

LQ l cnh tay n t tm quay n ng trc tm trc ko ca, m;

MG l M men trng lng ca:

MG = LG.G

LG l tay n t trng tm ca van, m;

G l trng lng ca t ti trng tm ca, N;

Mc l m men do lc ma st giong chn nc, N:

Mcn = Tcn.R1 Tcn l tng ma st ca vt chn nc:

l trng lng ring ca nc, N/m3;

Hc l chiu cao ct nc n tm giong chn nc cnh, mm;

Lt l chiu di vt chn nc, m;

b l chiu rng vt chn nc, m;

n l h s;

R1 l khong cch t vt chn nc n tm quay, m;

Mm l m men ma st trong gi quay, Nm;

M= TR2

T= P.f l lc cn ma st trong gi quay, N;

P l tng p lc thu tnh, N;

f l h s ma st trong gi quay;

R2 l bn knh quay ca ngng trc, m;

Mh l m men ca lc ht, N.m;

Mh= Ph.Lh;

Ph l lc ht y van:

Ph = Ptc.b.Lt Ptc l cng p lc tiu chun, Ptc = 60 kN/m2;

N l h s d tr, n = 0,8;

Vn l trng lng nc trn nh ca (nu c), N.

4.10 Tnh ton b phn t sn chn vo b tng

4.10.1 y l nhng b phn tnh c lp t c nh vo trong b tng khng tho lp c. V vy khi thit k khuyn khch s dng vt liu thp khng g hoc c m mt lp thp khng g pha ngoi.

4.10.2 i vi cc kt cu ny, ch yu tnh cho trng hp vn chuyn v ch to lp t khng b mt an ton. i vi chi tit khe van c b tr ng trt hay ng ray, vic tnh ton c thc hin theo quy nh ti iu A.5, Ph lc A

5 Yu cu k thut khi ch to v lp t

5.1 Yu cu k thut khi ch to

5.1.1 n v ch to phi nghin cu k ti liu thit k, cn c vo iu kin ca nh my, iu kin vn chuyn, a hnh lp t, thi gian hon thnh v.v... lp quy trnh cng ngh ch to, vn chuyn v bin php lp t.

5.1.2 Vt liu ch to phi bo m cht lng, ng s hiu, chng loi, chng ch ca nh sn xut v x l b mt vt liu theo yu cu thit k. Nu thiu iu kin trn phi ly mu kim tra tnh c l ho ti phng th nghim hp chun.

5.1.3 Yu cu khi ch to: cn ch to ca van v cc b phn t sn ng kch thc v t chnh xc theo bn v thit k v cc quy nh v ch to v lp rp thit b c kh, kt cu thp cng trnh thu li. C th tham kho theo quy nh ti cc iu B1 v B2 ca Ph lc B.

5.1.4 Th hn phi tuyt i tun th k thut v quy trnh cng ngh c vch ra, phi c dng c, g cn thit bo m cu kin sau khi hn bin dng trong phm vi cho php.

5.1.5 Mi hn ghp tn bng phi kn tuyt i, chiu cao v chiu di ng hn phi ng yu cu thit k, khng rn nt, ngm x.

5.1.6 Cc mi hn u phi kim tra cht ch, mi hn quan trng phi kim tra bng siu m.

5.1.7 Sau khi c KCS kim tra, nghim thu sau gia cng th x l b mt, sn bo v chng han r. Nhng v tr phi hn khi lp rp, hn ni khng c sn lt v sn ph vi khong cch v cc pha l 100 mm.

5.1.8 Khng phn bit ca van c ch to lin khi hay phn mng. Trc khi xut xng cn t hp hon chnh v tin hnh kim tra tng th, sai s kch thc, v tr theo quy nh. Sai lch ca cc mi ghp khng ln hn 2,0 mm.

5.1.9 i vi ca van v b phn t sn phi ch to phn on, sau khi kim tra ph hp, cn lm du, nh s, nh v khi tho ra v lp li bo m kch thc ban u.

5.1.10 Cc b phn c kh, b phn kt cu thp sau kh KCS kim tra nghim thu mi c ng nhn mc. Nhn mc phi ph hp TCVN v ghi nhn, mc sn phm.

5.2 Yu cu k thut khi lp t

5.2.1 n v lp t phi lp phng n vn chuyn, m bo tnh k thut, kinh t v an ton. Sn phm khng b bin dng trong qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun ti ni lp t.

5.2.2 n v lp t phi lp phng n lp t, b tr mt bng, phng tin, dng c, nhn lc v cc iu kin cn thit khc phc v vic lp t.

5.2.3 Kt cu khe van c cn chnh khi thi cng phn thy cng nh tr pin, tng bn, tng ngc....Lp khe van trong trng hp b tng ln hai, trc khi cn chnh, nh v khe van phi c lm sch v c xm b mt pha b tng trc. Phn b tng sau, nn sau phn b tng trc t 5 ngy n 7 ngy.

5.2.4 B phn t sn phi hn chc chn vo thp ch, m bo kh nng chu lc trong qu trnh b tng chn khng c sai lch v tr v khng c bin dng khi lm vic sau ny.

5.2.5 Phi tin hnh kim tra, cn bng tnh ca van phng bng cch nng ca ln khi ngng ca mt khong 100 mm, sau tin hnh o qua tm ca cm trt (hay con ln) xc nh nghing gia thng lu v h lu cng nh chiu phi v chiu tri ca. nghing ny phi nm trong khong 1/1000 chiu cao ca cng v gi tr ln nht cho php 8 mm.

5.2.6 Phi mi phng ng bao ca, cc mi hn g, cc ch li lm ca mt ta giong, ng trt, lm sch vt bn, chng g bo v b mt ngoi tip xc nc, khng kh.

5.2.7 Lu lng nc r r cho php qua b phn kn nc ca van phi theo quy nh chung ti iu A.16, Ph lc A

5.2.8 Sau khi lp t ca van vo khe van, sai s v khong cch t tm chn nc gia hai cnh i din nhau khng qu 3 mm.5.3 Yu cu k thut sn ph bo v b mt ca van

5.3.1 Loi vt liu sn ph, x l b mt kt cu thp ca van v thit b ng m phi bo v c thit b trong mi trng ca ni lp t.

5.3.2 Ton b ca van v khe van phi c sn lt v sn ph ti nh my theo ch dn ca thit k.

5.3.3 Khi sn lt v sn ph phi m bo cc yu cu k thut sau:

a) Phi lm sch cc vt bn v du m trn b mt trc khi sn lt;

b) Ch tin hnh sn lt khi kt cu c lm sch, ch c sn ph khi kim tra cht lng lp sn lt. Khi sn phi tun th ng cc yu cu k thut ca tng loi sn theo ch dn;

c) Nhng b mt chi tit tip xc vi mt b tng th khng sn m c qut mt lp va xi mng mng.

6 Yu cu nghim thu bn giao

6.1 Quy nh chung

6.1.1 Phi nghim thu ca van, khe van sau ch to, lp t theo ng bn v kt cu v bn v chi tit. Sn phm phi t cht lng, khi lng, tin , an ton v thn thin vi mi trng.

6.1.2 Cng tc nghim thu tng phn (giai on) trong qu trnh gia cng ch to lp t ca van c tin hnh ngay sau khi kim tra cc qu trnh gia cng lp rp tng giai on sau, bao gm nhng ni dung sau:

a) Gia cng chi tit kt cu;

b) T hp cc phn t v t hp kt cu;c) Hn v lp bu lng;

d) nh r b mt kt cu sn;

e) Sn lt v sn ph;

g) Th nghim b phn kt cu.

6.2 Cc bc tin hnh nghim thu lp t, bn giao

6.2.1 Nghim thu tnh

Qu trnh kim tra, nghim thu cht lng ch to lp t ng thit k vi cc yu cu k thut trng thi tnh. Khi cc yu cu k thut m bo theo ng thit k, c cc ti liu lin quan n thit b th tin hnh lp bin bn nghim thu tnh.

6.2.2 Nghim thu lm vic khng ti

6.2.2.1 Nghim thu lm vic khng ti l kim tra tng th cht lng lp t, tnh trng thit b khi chy khng ti nhm pht hin, loi tr sai st cha pht hin c khi nghim thu tnh. Cn quy nh thi gian chy th hay s ln chy th (v d ca van ng m ht hnh trnh thit k l 3 ln v 1 ln quay tay, nu c b phn quay tay). Nu t cc thng s v tc , rung, ting n, nhit cc , gi theo thit k th cho lp bin bn nghim thu lm vic khng ti.

6.2.2.2 Qu trnh th khng ti nu pht hin cc sai st k c do ch to lp t ln tnh ton thit k s thng nht bin php x l. Sau khi khc phc tn ti th nghim thu li.

6.2.3 Nghim thu lm vic c ti6.2.3.1 Ch c php nghim thu c ti khi c bin bn nghim thu tnh v nghim thu khng ti. Cc thao tc nghim thu lm vic c ti thc hin hon ton ging nh nghim thu khng ti. Nghim thu lm vic c ti nhm xc nh v sa cha cc sai st cha pht hin c cc giai on nghim thu trc, ng thi iu chnh h thng thit b lm vic m bo theo ng yu cu k thut thit k. i vi ca van cc cng trnh trng thi th c ti thc t thp hn so vi thit k th hi ng nghim thu c th cho php tin hnh nghim thu trng thi ti ln nht a cng trnh vo khai thc s dng.

6.2.3.2 Thi gian v iu kin tin hnh nghim thu lm vic c ti theo thit k do cc bn tha thun nhng khng qu 12 thng k t khi nghim thu c ti trng thi ti ln nht. Trng hp cng trnh khng iu kin th ti theo ti trng thit k th ch u t quyt nh.

6.2.4 Nghim thu bn giao cng trnh a vo khai thc s dng

Nghim thu bn giao cng trnh a vo khai thc s dng, bo hnh thit b c tin hnh theo quy nh.

Ph lc A

(Quy nh)

Cc s , bng biu v thng s dng tnh ton thit k ca van

A.1 S cu to ca van phng v ca van cung

Hnh A.2- S ca van cungA.2 Cng tnh ton ca thp vi cc dng khc nhau

Bng A.1

Trng thi ng sutK hiuCng tnh ton

Ko nn v unTheo gii hn chyRR = (c/(vl

Theo sc bn tc thiRbRb = (b/(vl

TrtRcRc = 0,58.(c/(vl

p mt theo mt phng t u (khi c gia cng phng)RemRem = (b/(vl

p cc b trong cc khp tr (c trc) khi tip xc chtRtemRtem = 0,5.(b/(vl

p theo ng knh ca con ln (khi tip xc t do trong cc kt cu c di ng hn ch)Re.lnRe.ln = 0,025.(b/(vl

Ko theo hng chiu dy ca thp cnRR = 0,5.(c/(vl

Trong : (c, (b l gii hn chy v gii hn bn ca vt liu.

A.3 p lc thu tnh

A.3.1 p lc thu tnh ln ca van phng

Bng A.2

Biu p lcCng thc xc nh p lc nc PCng thc xc nh v tr t p lc Hc

.B

A.3.2 p lc nc tnh ln ca van cung

Bng A.3

Biu p lcCng thc xc nh p lc nc P

Tm quay cao hn mc nc thng lu:

;

Tm quay thp hn mc nc thng lu:

Tm quay cao hn nh ca cng

;

Tm quay thp hn nh ca cng:

A.4 S s cu to v chn kch thc cho mt s chi tit ca van

Hnh A.3 - Hnh dng vin y ca ca van phngHnh A.4 - B tr dm chnh kp ca ca van trn mt

a b c d

Hnh A.5 Cc dng khung chnh

Hnh A.6 - Lin kt cng xin - dm chnh

Hnh A.7 - S tnh ton chn kch thc tai treo

CH THCH:

1) Hnh bn tri: S0 5S1 ; K =100 mm ; h = (0,050,10).H ; k S12) Hnh bn phi: - Lc y h lu Ps = ps.D2.B , kN ;

- Lc y hoc ht di vin ca thng lu: Pt = t..Hs.D1.B, kN;

t = 1,0.Hnh A.8- Kch thc ca van s c trm thu in, tnh thu lc

Hnh A.9 - S tnh ton kim tra bn ray

A.6 Kim tra bn ca bn mt

A.6.1 Trng hp b/a > 1,5 m cnh di b tr theo hng trc dm (hnh A.10)

ng sut tnh ton ti im A c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

1,1 ([(]

Trong :

.

;

- ng sut un ca bn cnh dm i vi im A;

- Dng tr s tuyt i;

[(] ng sut chng un cho php;

ky h s un cong ca im gia cnh ;

( - h s iu chnh n hi: - Khi b/a > 3 ly ( = 1,4;

- Khi b/a 3 ly ( = 1,5;

p p sut ti v tr kho st, N/mm2A.6.2 H s un cong ca im gia cnh :

a) Trng hp bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 4 cnh (Hnh A.11).

H s un cong ca im gia cnh xc nh theo bng A.4

Bng A.4- H s un cong ca im gia cnh trong trng hp bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 4 cnh

im

b/aim gia (A) kyim gia (B) kx im

b/aim gia (A) kyim gia (B) kx

1,00,3080,3081,70,4790,343

1,10,3490,3231,80,4870,343

1,20,3830,3321,90,4930,343

1,30,4120,3382,00,4970,343

1,40,4360,3412,50,50,343

1,50,4540,3420,50,343

1,60,4680,343

b) Trng hp bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 3 cnh.

Hnh A.12 - S bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 3 cnh

Bng A.5 - H s un cong ca im gia cnh khi bn mt lm vic

nh mt ngm n hi trn 3 cnh

Trng hp 1Trng hp 2

im

b/aim gia (A) kyim gia (B) kx im

b/aim gia (A) kyim gia (B) kx

1,00,3280,3601,00,3600,328

1,250,4720,4251,250,4480,341

1,50,5650,4551,50,4730,341

1,750,6320,4651,750,4890,341

2,00,6830,4702,00,5000,342

2,50,7320,4702,50,5000,342

3,00,7400,4713.00,5000,342

(0,7500,472(0,5000,342

c) Trng hp bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 2 cnh (Bng A.6):

Bng A.6 - H s un cong ca im gia cnh khi bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 2 cnh

im

b/aim gia (A) kyim gia (B) kx

1,00,3080,308

1,10,3490,323

1,20,3830,332

1,30,4120,338

1,40,4360,341

1,50,4540,342

1,60,4680,343

1,70,4790,343

1,80,4870,343

1,90,4930,343

2,00,4970,343

A.6.3 Trng hp b/a ( 1,5 hoc b tr cnh ngn theo hng trc dm (Hnh A.14), ngoi vic tnh ng sut ca im A ra, cn phi tnh ng sut ca im B theo cng thc sau:

1,1 (.[(]

Trong :

;

;

;

M, W - m men un v m men chng un ca mt ct dm i vi v tr ca im tnh ton;

(1 - H s rng hu hiu ca bin cnh trn trc dm (bn mt tham gia chu lc cng dm chnh) cho trong bng A.7.

CH THCH: thng nht dng gi tr tuyt i.

A.6.4 Nu bn mt c hn c nh vi dm v cng vi cnh ca dm tham gia chu lc, rng hu hiu B ly bng tr tng i nh nht tm c theo cng thc sau:

B = (1.b;

B ( 60( +bl; (i vi thp CT3)

B ( 50( +bl; (i vi thp hp kim)

trong :

b l khong cch gia cc dm :

bl l rng bin cnh trn ca dm, nu khng t bin cnh trn th bng dy bn bng ca dm.

Trong tnh ton s b bn mt ca van, n gin trong tnh ton c th p dng cng thc sau:

- Nu t s chiu di cnh ca bn mt b/a >1,5 m cnh di b tr theo hng trc dm ch cn tnh ng sut ti im A theo cng thc:

;

- Nu t s di ca cnh bn mt ct b/a ( 1,5 hoc b tr cnh ngn theo hng trc dm, ngoi vic tnh ng sut ca im A, ng sut ti im B c tnh theo cng thc sau:

;

- Dng tr tuyt i.

Tuy nhin, trong cc ca van c nhp ln hn 10 m, chiu dy bn mt ca khng c nh hn 10 mm. Trong cc trng hp cn li chiu dy bn mt khng nh hn 6 mm.

Hnh A.15

l0 l khong cch on cong ca biu m men, i vi dm chng n gin l0 = l. i vi dm chng lin tc, xc nh gn ng theo Hnh A.15.

(1 l ng vi hnh m men un dng ng Parabon;

(2 l ng vi hnh m men un m hnh tam gic. Trong trng hp ny B = (2.b

Cc tr s (1 v (2 xc nh theo Bng A.7.

Bng A.7- Bng tra cc gi tr (1 v (2 ng vi t s l0/b khc nhau

l0/b0,511,522,5345681020

(10,20,40,580,700,780,840,90,940,950,970,981,0

(20,160,30,420,510,580,640,710,770,790,830,860,92

A.7 Kch thc khe van

Bng A.8 Quy nh v kch thc khe van theo kch thc ca van

Kch thc ca van BxH, mmChiu rng khe van b, mmChiu su khe van h, mmGhi ch

1000 x 1000250 300100 150

2000 x 2000350 400125 200

2000 x 3000350 400150 250

3000 x 3000400 450150 280

4000 x 4000450 500200 300

5000 x 5000500 6002500 350

A.8 Sai s cho php khi ch to ca van phng

Bng A.9

Hng mcKch thc, mmSai lch cho php, mm

1. Chiu dy ca bb ( 500

500 < b ( 1000

b > 1000(2 mm + 0,007b)

Nhng khng ln hn gi tr ct bn,0

,0

,0

2. Chiu rng B, chiu cao H B, H

(2 mm + 0,007B) hoc (2 mm + 0,007H) nhng khng ln hn gi tr ct bn phi,0

5000 < B,H ( 10000,0

10000 < B,H ( 15000,0

B,H

,0

3. sai lch tng i gia hai ng cho:

Dmax - DminDmax ( 50003,0

5000 < Dmax ( 100004,0

10000 < Dmax ( 150005,0

Dmax

6,0

4. un congB ( 10000

B >100003,0

4,0

5. cong ca ca theo chiu ngang f (ch c cong v pha p lc nc) v khng ln hn 6

6. cong ca ca theo chiu ng f1 (ch c cong v pha p lc nc) v khng ln hn 4

7. Khong cch tm hai dm bin B ( 10000

10000 < B ( 15000

B > 15000,0

,0

,0

8. lch ng tm hai dm bin:

B ( 10000

10000 < B ( 15000

B > 150003

4

5

9. Sai lch v tr dm dc2

10. Khe h cc b gia bn mt v dm1,0

11. phng cc b b mt tn bng dy:

Trong phm vi 1m khng ln hn:

4

3

2

12. lch mp di y ca van 2C3

13. phng mp di ca van2,0

14. phng ca mt y 2 dm bin2,0

15. Sai s khong cch mt lp giong chn nc v b ( 1,0

16. Khong cch gia tim l vt chn giong cnh bn v tim ca van( 1,5

17. Khong cch gia tim l vt chn giong y v mp y ca( 3,0

A.9 Sai lch cho php khi gia cng ca van cung

Bng A.10

Hng mcKch thc, mmSai lch cho php, mmGhi ch

Cng ngmCng l thin

1. Chiu dy dn ngang v tn bng (bn mt ca b)b ( 500

500 < b ( 1000

b > 1000(2 mm + 0,007 b), nhng khng ln hn gi tr sau:

,0

,0

,0

2. Sai lch chiu rng B, chiu cao HB hoc H

(2 mm + 0,007 b) nhng khng ln hn gi tr di y

,0

,0

,0

,0

3. Sai lch tng i ca ng cho D1 - D2D1

3,0

4,0

5,0o mi ghp cng vi dm chnh

4. Cong vn

2,0

3,0

4,0o mi ghp cng vi dm chnh

2,0

3,0

4,0o 4 gc ca cnh van

5. phng theo chiu ngang ca

3,0

4,0

5,06,0

7,0

8,0o ng tm dm chnh, ph hay gii hn dm ngang

6. Khe h gia tm c v cung theo chiu dc ca3,06,0o ng tm dm chnh, ph hay dm dc vi c o dy cung 3 m

7. Khong cch tm hai dm chnh,0

8. lch hai ng tm dm bin:

B

3,0

9. lch v tr dm dc2,0

10. Khe h cc b gia bn mt v dm1,0

11. phng cc b tn bng dy:

> 6 ( 10

> 10 ( 16

> 16 Trong 1m2

3,0

3,0

2,05,0

4,0

3,0

12. thng mt y cnh van2,0

13. lch 2 mp y ca van 2C3,0

14. Sai s gia 2 tm mt bch lp bn mt L L

,0

,0

,0

Kim tra t hp trc khi xut xng

Hng mcSai lch cho php, mmGhi ch

Cng ngmCng l thin

15. lch a ca hai mt bch ca hai cng ni vi ci quaya khng ln hn 1,0 mm v nghing mt khng qu 1/1000

16. Sai s ca ng tm hai cng pha b quayl1=,0 mm

17. khng ng tm cng e1Khng ln hn 2,0

18. khng ng tm cng e2Khng ln hn 4,0

19. Sai s ca ng tm hai cng n tm ng ca van pha bn mtL2 =

20. Sai s tng i ng cho 2 cng

Khng ln hn 3,0

21. lch v tr cng trn v di c=

Khng ln hn 5,0

22. Sai lch bn knh RCa van cung kiu nh u

Sai lch tng i hai bin( 7,0

5,0

Ca cung kiu l chm

Sai lch tng i hai bin

3,0

Ca cung ct nc cao, c yu cu m rng khe van t ngt

1,0

CH THCH: Khi khong cch ca tim 2 dm bin v thng ng ca n c lin quan n giong chn nc bn, th sai s ca n cn ng quy nh ca bn v thit k.

A.10 Yu cu k thut i vi cc bnh xe ln

Bng A.11

TTTn gi sai lchSai lch cho php, mmGhi ch

1ng knh b mt ln 0,005 d

2 van v cn b mt ln 0,005 d

3 khng song song ca cc tim bnh xe trong mt phng nm ngang v thng ng0,5 mm/1 m di khong cch gia cc tim

4Khe h gia bnh xe th t vi mt phng tip gip ba bnh xe khc( 2

A.11 Lu lng nc r r cho php qua b phn kn nc ca van

Bng A.12

TTc im b phn kn ncLu lng r r cho php trn 1m di, l/s

1B phn kn nc bng g0,4

2B phn kn nc cao su c nh0,2

3B phn kn nc cao su iu chnh0,1

4B phn kn nc kim loi di ng0,5

A.12 Lin kt cc b phn kt cu thp

A.12.1 Lin kt hn

A.12.1.1 ng hn i u

A.12.1.1.1 ng hn vung gc vi trc nn hoc ko, s dng cng thc (A1):

(A1)

Fh = eh.lh ; lh = b - 2eh;

(h l h s iu kin lm vic, (h = 0,7 (1,1.

A.12.1.1.2 ng hn xin gc ( vi trc chu nn hoc ko, p dng theo cng thc (A2) v (A3)

(A2)

(A3)

A.12.1.1.3 ng hn chu un M v lc ct Q, p dng theo cng thc (A4), (A5) v (A6):

(A4)

(A5)

(A6)

[Rhn]; [Rhk]; [Rhc] : ng sut nn, ko v ct cho php ca ng hn

A.12.1.2 ng hn gcA.12.1.2.1 Chu lc dc, p dng theo cng thc (A7):

(A7)

Chiu di ti thiu mt ng hn lhmin ( 4 hh v khng nh hn 40 mm;

Chiu cao ti thiu ca ng hn hhmin ( 5 mm.

A.12.1.2.2 ng hn chu un (M) v lc ct (Q), p dng theo cc cng thc (A8), (A9) v (A10):

(A8)

(A9)

(A10)

A.12.2 Lin kt bu lng

A.12.2.1 Kh nng chu ct ca 1 bu lng, p dng cng thc (A11)

(A11) nc l s mt ct ca 1 bu lng;

l ng sut ct cho php ca bu lng;

d l ng knh phn khng ren ca bu lng (thn bu lng).

A.12.2.2 Kh nng chu dp (p mt) ca 1 bu lng, p dng cng thc (A12)

(A12)

(lmin l tng chiu dy nh nht ca cc bn thp trt v mt pha;

l ng sut dp (p mt) cho php ca bu lng.

A.12.2.3 Kh nng chu ko theo phng trc bu lng, p dng cng thc (A13)

(A13)

do l ng knh chn c ren.

A.12.2.4 S bu lng khi ct v dp (p mt), p dng cng thc (A14)

(A14)

- ly gi tr nh hn trong 2 gi tr v

A.12.3 Lin kt inh tn

A.12.3.1 Kh nng chu ct ca mt inh tn, c xc nh theo cng thc (A15)

(A15)

A.12.3.2 Kh nng chu dp (p mt) ca mt inh tn, c xc nh theo cng thc (A16)

(A16)

, l ng sut cho php chu ct v chu dp (p mt) ca inh tn;

nc l s mt ct tnh ton ca inh tn, ph thuc s lng bn thp c lin kt (ging nh i vi lin kt bu lng);

((e)min l tng chiu dy nh nht ca cc bn thp cng trt v mt pha;

d l ng knh inh tn.

A.12.3.3 S lng inh tn cn thit n c tnh theo cng thc (A17)

n ( N. .(; (A17)

l gi tr nh hn trong 2 gi tr , ;

N l ni lc trong lin kt;

( l h s iu kin lm vic.

A.12.3.4 Kh nng chu ko ca mt inh tn c xc nh theo cng thc (A18)

[Ntk] = ((.d2/4).Rtk , (A18)

Ph lc B

(Quy nh)

Vt liu ch to ca van

B.1 Vt liu ch to cc b phn kt cu ca van

Bng B.1- Mt s vt liu dng ch to cc b phn kt cu ca van

Mc ch s dngLoi vt liuTiu chun

Kt cu cnh ca, khung ca v cc chi tit t sn trong b tng (khe van, khe phai):CT3, 18(C(, BCT3C((OCT 380-71

10XCH, 14(2a, 10(2C1, 15CH, 09(2C ,1X18H9T(OCT 19282-73

SUS304, SUS 316, SUS 410JIS G4304,

JIS G4305 -1981

A36 A588ASTM

Kt cu chu va p: dng thp do20, 35, 45(OCT 1050-60

SGD30-D, SGD41-DJIS G3114 -1979

S25C, S45CJIS G4051 -1979

inh tn, Bu lng, cht trc, ci quay:2X13

thp 45(OCT 5632-61

(OCT 1050-60

40X(OCT 4543-61

09(2C(OCT 19282-73

SC37, SC49, SCW42, SCW56JIS G5101, G5102 -1978

SCS2, SCS22JIS G5121 -1980

SCM430 (JIS4105),

S25C, S40C (JIS 4051).

ng trt hoc cc chi tit chng mi mn, chng g:2X13, 3X13(OCT 5949-61, khng chu hn

1X18H9T(OCT 5632-61, chu hn

SUS 304, SUS 410JIS G4304, JIS G4305 -1981

SCS2, SCS22JIS G5121 -1980

A276, A582, B148ASTM

Nhng chi tit chu ti trng nh nh bnh xe, bc, cm gi ,... c th dng vt liu gangC18-36, C28-48(OCT 1412-70

AC1, AB1(OCT 1585-70

FC20, FC25JIS G5501

FCD45, FCD50JIS G5502

B.2 Giong chn nc (vt m kn nc) ca van

B.2.1 Dng loi cao su mm hnh tm v cao su nh hnh c cc ch tiu c l nh Bng B1 ch to giong chn nc

Bng B.2 - Yu cu k thut ca vt liu lm giong chn nc

Tnh cht c lTr s

Gii hn n nh khi ko t khng nh hn, daN/cm2180

gin di tng i khng b hn, %500

gin di d khng ln hn, %40

Sc khng rn nt khng b hn, daN/cm270

cng theo Shor khng b hn70

H s lo ho theo Gh sau 144 gi 70 oC0,7

trng n trong nc 70 oC sau 24 gi khng ln hn, %2

Sc khng mi mn khng ln hn, cm3/KW450

n hi45 - 65

B.2.2 Vt liu lm kn nc s dng cho cc ca van vng ven bin chu nh hng triu, cc c tnh c l trn phi t c khi th nghim trong mi trng nc mui (10 % n 18 %).

B.2.3 Trong mt s trng hp c bit c th dng cao su vi ch tiu c l khc hoc dng vt liu khc lm vt m kn nc ca van.

B.3 Mt s ch tiu k thut khc ca vt liu ch to ca van

Bng B.3 - Mt s gi tr ca h s ma st f

LoiVt liu ma st v iu kin cng tcTr s f

Ln nhtB nht

Ma st trt1. Thp vi thp trng thi kh ro0,50~0,600,15

2. Thp vi gang c trng thi kh ro0,350,16

3. G vi thp trong mi trng nc trong0,650,30

4. G p lp dnh keo i vi thp khng g trong nc trong

Theo cng nn dc: q > 2 000 kg/cm0,10~0,110,05

- q = 2 500 ~ 2 000 kg/cm0,11~0,12

- q = 2 000 ~ 1 500 kg/cm0,12~0,13

Ma st trc trt1. Thp vi ng en (trng thi kh ro)0,300,16

2. Thp vi ng en (c bi trn)0,250,12

3. Thp vi g p lp keo (c bi trn)0,16~0,200,08

4. Thp khng g i vi g p lp keo (c bi trn)0,12~0,160,05

Ma st ngn nc1. Cao su vi thp0,650,30

2. Cao su vi thp khng g0,500,20

Ma st ln1.Thp vi thp0,10

2. Thp vi gang c0,10

Bng B.4 M dun n hi tng ng ca bnh xe v ray

Vt liu bnh xeE, N/mm2 cng HB, N/mm2

Tip xc ngTip xc im

Thp 452,1.105( 217

300 ( 400450

7501100

1800

Thp lm vnh bnh m hiu IV ( 241

300 ( 400550

8501300

2200

Thp 65(2 69

300 ( 400600

8501400

2200

Thp 40XH(255

300 ( 400550

8501300

2200

Thp 55(217

300 ( 400450

7501100

1700

Thp 33X C-(202

300 ( 400500

8001200

2000

Gang 15-321,25.105163 ( 229250600

Gang 35-561,6.105217 ( 272350800

Cht do vlcnit0,07.10530 75 75

Bng B.5 - Quan h bnh xe v ray tip xc im

min/max0,050,100,150,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,0

m1,280,970,800,7160,60,5360,490,4680,440,420,400,388

CH THCH:

1. Giong nh;

2. Tn bng;

3. Dm ph ngang;

4. Dm chnh;

5. Tai treo;

6. Giong nc y;

7. Cng van;

8. Giong nc cnh;

9. Bnh xe c;

10. Gi di ng;

11. Trc gi quay;

12. Gi c nh.

CH THCH: 1. Bn chn, 2. Dm ngang nh, 3. Dm ngang y, 4. Dm chnh ngang, 5. Dm ph ngang, 6. H dm ng, 7. Thanh ging cho, 8. Cc b phn ta ph, 9. Giong kn nc, 10. Tai treo, 11. Bnh xe c, 12. Gi ta ng, 13. Khe van

Hnh A.1 - S ca van phng

13

CH THCH:

1. Dm ngang chnh;

2. Tm chng ct;

3. Cng van;

4. Gn tng cng bo m tip xc tt.

Hnh A.10 - S bn mt c cnh di b tr theo hng trc dm

Cng thc tnh:

- Chiu rng tai treo: b = 2,2d 2,6d

- Chiu dy tai treo: EMBED Equation.3

- Khong cch a = 0,9d 1,05d

- ng sut dp:

EMBED Equation.3

- ng sut ko:

EMBED Equation.3

Q: lc ko ca ln nht

A : din tch tit din ngang ct qua tm l cht

Hnh A.14- S bn mt c cnh ngn b tr theo hng trc dm

Hnh A.11 - S bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 4 cnh

Hnh A.13- S bn mt lm vic nh mt ngm n hi trn 3 cnh

A.5 Kim tra bn ray

A.5.1 Kim tra p mt b tng di ng ray:

EMBED Equation.3

A.5.2 Kim tra ng sut php do un

EMBED Equation.3

Wk- mmen chng un ng ray

A.5.3 Kim tra ng sut cc b bn bng ng ray:

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3;

p- ti trng phn b, N/mm.

EMBED Equation.3

ng tm dm

Trng hp 1 Trng hp 2

25

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