TCXDVN_33_2006_P (cap nuoc).pdf

7/26/2019 TCXDVN_33_2006_P (cap nuoc).pdf

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B XY D NG

TCXDVN 33:2006CP N C - MNG L I NGNG V CNG TRNH

TIU CHUN THIT K

Water Supply - Distribution System and FacilitiesDesign Standard

H Ni, 3/2006

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MC LC

1. Ch dn chung

2. S c p n c vng

3. Tiu chun v h s dng n c khngiu ho, lu l ng n c cha chy v p lcn c t do

4. Ngun n c

5. Cng trnh thu n c

6. Lm sch v x l n c

7. Tr m b m

8. ng dn, mng l i v cc cng trnh trn mng

9. Dung tch d tr viu ho

10. C p n c tun hon

11. Vng bo v v sinh

12. Trang b in, kim sot cng ngh t ng ho viu khin

13. Nhng yu cu v cc gii php xy dng, k t cu nh vcng trnh

14. Cc yu cu b sungi v i h thng c p n c trong nhng iu kin kh hu thinnhinc bit

Cc Ph lc




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CP N C - MNG L I NGNG V CNG TRNH -TIU CHUN THIT K

WATER SUPPLY - DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND FACILITIES -DESIGN STANDARD

1. CH DN CHUNG1.1. Tiu chun ny c p dng thit k xy dng m i hoc ci to m r ng cc

h thng c p n c th, ccim dn c nng thn v cc khu cng nghi p.Ghi ch: 1- Khi thit k cc h thng c p n c cn phi tun theo cc

tiu chun c lin quan khc c Nh n c ban hnh.2- Tiu chun v c p n c cha chy ly theo TCVN 2622-1995.

1.2. Khi thit k h thng c p n c cho mt i t ng cn phi:- Xt vn bo v v s dng tng h p cc ngun n c, phi h p cc im

tiu th n c v kh nng pht trin trong t ng lai,ng th i phi da vos c p n c ca quy hoch vng, s quy hoch chung v n thit k xy dng ccim dn c v khu cng nghi p;

- Phi h p v i vic thit k h thng thot n c.1.3. H thng c p n c c chia lm 3 loi, theo bc tin cy c p n c, ly theo

bng 1.1.1.4. Khi l p s c p n c ca cc x nghi p cng nghi p phi cn bng l ng s

dng n c bn trong x nghi p. tit kim n c ngun v trnh s nhim bncc ngun n c, nu iu kin kinh t k thut cho php khi lm lnh cc mymc, thit b sn xut, ngng t n c v cc sn phm cng ngh ni chung phip dng s lm ngui n c bng khng kh hoc n c tun hon li.

Khi s dng tr c ti p n c ngun lm ngui sau li x tr li ngun phida theo c s kinh t k thut v c s tho thun ca c quan qun l v bo v ngun n c.

1.5. Khi thit k h thng c p n c cho mt i t ng phi chn c cng ngh thch h p v k thut, kinh t, iu kin v sinh ca cc cng trnh, kh nng s dng ti p cc cng trnh hin c, kh nng p dng cc thit b v k thut tintin.

1.6. H thng c p n c phi m bo cho mng l i v cc cng trnh lm vic kinht trong th i k d tnh cng nh trong nhng ch dng n c c tr ng.

1.7. Phi xtn kh nng a vo s dng ngng, mng l i v cng trnh theotng t xy dng. ng th i cn d kin kh nng m r ng h thng v cc

cng trnh ch yu so v i cng sut tnh ton.1.8. Khng c php thit k cng trnh d phng ch lm vic khi c s c.1.9. Khi thit k h thng c p n c sinh hot v h thng c p n c sinh hot - sn

xut hn h p, phi d kin vng bo v v sinh theo quynh Mc 11.1.10. Cht l ng n c n ung sinh hot phi m bo yu cu theo tiu chun, cht

l ng do Nh n c quynh v Tiu chun ngnh (xem Ph lc 6).Trong x l, vn chuyn v d tr n c n ung phi s dng nhng ho cht,vt liu, thit b,... khng gynh h ng xu n cht l ng n c.Cht l ng n c dng cho cng nghi p v vic s dng ho cht x l n c phi ph h p v i yu cu cng nghi p v phi xtn nh h ng ca cht l ngn c i v i sn phm.

1.11. Nhng ph ng n v gii php l thut ch yu p dng thit k h thng c pn c phi da trn c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut bao gm:- Gi thnhu t xy dng;




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- Chi ph qun l hng nm;- Chi ph xy dng cho 1m3 n c tnh theo cng sut ngy trung bnh chung

cho c h thng v cho tr m x l;- Chi phin nng, ho cht cho 1m3 n c;

-

Gi thnh x l v gi thnh sn phm 1m3

n c.Ghi ch: Cc ch tiu trn phi xt ton b v ring tng t xy dng trong th igian hot ng ca h thng.

1.12. Ph ng n ti u phi c gi tr chi ph quyi theo th i gian v gi tr hin tinh nht, c xtn chi ph xy dng vng bo v v sinh.Ghi ch: Khi xcnh vn u t so snh ph ng n phi xt gi tr thc t gia thit b, vt t nh p ngoi v sn xut trong n c.

Bng 1.1.

c im h dng n cBc tin cy cah thng c p

n cH thng c p n c sinh hot ca im dn c trn 50.000 ng i vca cc i t ng dng n c khc c php gim lu l ng n cc p khng qu 30% lu l ng n c tnh ton trong 3 ngy v ngngc p n c khng qu 10 pht.

I

H thng c p n c sinh hot ca im dn c n 50.000 ng i vca cc i t ng dng n c khc c php gim lu l ng n cc p khng qu 30% lu l ng trong 10 ngy v ngng c p n c trong

6 gi .

II

H thng c p n c sinh hot ca im dn c n 5000 ng i v cacc i t ng dng n c khc c php gim lu l ng c p n ckhng qu 30% trong 15 ngy v ngng c p n c trong 1 ngy. III

Ghi ch: 1 - Nhng c s sn xut c h thng c p n c tun hon th x p vo bc II.2 - Cc h dng n c c bit do c quan c thm quyn xt duyt khng

p dng bc tin cy ni trn.

2. S CP N C VNG2.1. Phi l p s c p n c vng xcnh kh nng v s h p l v kinh t trongvic s dng ngun n c c p cho cci t ng c yu cu khc nhau v ch dng n c, v khi l ng v cht l ng n c chn ph ng n c p, thotn c bn vng theo mc tiu pht trin ca vng.

2.2. L p s c p n c vng theo h ng dn Ph lc 1.2.3. Tiu chun dng n c tng h p tnh theou ng i gm n c c p cho:n ung

sinh hot; Cng nghi p; Cng trnh cng cng; T i cy, r a ng; Thtthot; ly theo bng 2.1. (Chi tit cho tng loi nhu cu dng n c ly theo bng 3.1-Mc 3).




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Bng 2.1

i t ng dng n cTiu chun c p n c tnh theoung i (ngy trung bnh trong nm)

l/ng i.ngyThnh ph l n, thnh ph du lch, ngh mt, khucng nghi p l n.

300 - 400

Thnh ph, th x va v nh, khu cng nghi pnh

200 - 270

Th tr n, trung tm cng - nng nghi p, cng -ng nghi p, im dn c nng thn

80 - 150

Nng thn 40 - 60

Ghi ch: Cho php thayi tiu chun dng n c sinh hot ca im dn c 10 20% tu theoiu kin kh hu, mc tin nghi v cciu kin a ph ng khc.

2.4. Tiu chun dng n c cho nhu cu sn xut cng nghi p phi xcnh trn c s nhng ti liu thit k c, hoc so snh v i cciu kin sn xut t ng t. Khikhng c s liu c th, c th ly trung bnh:

- i v i cng nghi p sn xut r u bia, sa, h p, ch bin thc phm,giy, dt: 45 m3/ha/ngy.

- i v i cc ngnh cng nghi p khc: 22 m3/ha/ngy.2.5. Khi cni v i nhu cu c p n c vng phi u tin xcnh nhng ngun n c

hin c trong vng, sau m i xcnh ni dung v hiu qu kinh t k thut cacc bin php nh b sung lu l ng t cc vng ln cn, kh nng c p n c ca

cc h l n khiiu ho dng chy.2.6. Khi s dng tng h p cc ngun n c cho nhiu h tiu th c bc tin cy khcnhau th vic cni nhu cu c p n c phi c tin hnh v i ton b bc tin cytnh ton cho tt c cc h tiu th, ringi v i h tiu th c bc tin cy th p h ncho php kim tra ring.

2.7. Khi s dng ngun n c mt m khng cn iu ho dng chy cn i, cngtrnh c p n c phi tnh ton theo tuyn lu l ng nh nht. Tr ng h p ny phil p bng cni cng trnh n c theo lu l ng trung bnh thngng v i tn suttnh ton ca ngun n c.

2.8. Tr ng h p nhu cu dng n c v t qu lu l ng ca ngun n c mt th cnnghin cu iu ho dng chy bng h cha.

2.9. C th iu ho dng chy bng cc bin php sauy:- Xy dng h cha iu chnh theo ma khi nhu cu ly n c nh h n hoc

bng lu l ng ca nm kit ng v i tn sut tnh ton k c lu l ngn c mt i h cha.

- Xy dng h cha iu chnh dng chy nhiu nm khi nhu cu ly n chng nm v t qu lu l ng n c ca nm kit ng v tn sut tnh tonnhng b h n lu l ng ca dng chy trung bnh nhiu nm.

2.10 Khi s dng tng h p cc ngun n c ngm v n c mt phi l p bng cni s dng cc ngun n c theo ma xt vic s dng cc ngun n c mt theo cciu khon trn. Cn cc ngun n c ngm khi cn b sung lu l ng phi pdng theo Mc 5. Lu l ng s dng v b sung cho 2 loi ngun n c phi xcnh tng h p trn c s kinh t k thut.




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3. TIU CHUN V H S DNG N C KHNG IU HO, L UL NG N C CH A CHY V P L C N C T DO

3.1. Cng sut ca h thng c p n c sinh hot v cha chy th v ccim dnc tu theo iu kin a ph ng phi c tnh ton m bo c p n c theoth i gian qui hoch ngn hn l 10 nm v di hn l 20 nm v phi tho mn ccyu cu sau:

- Nhu cu dng n c chon ung sinh hot ca khu vc xy dng nh v cccng trnh cng cng;

- T i v r a ng ph, qung tr ng, cy xanh, n c c p cho cc vi phun;- T i cy trong v n m;- C p n c n ung, sinh hot trong cc c s sn xut cng nng nghi p;- C p n c sn xut cho nhng c s sn xut dng n c i hi cht l ng nh

n c sinh hot, hoc nu xy dng h thng c p n c ring th khng h p lv kinh t;

-

C p n c cha chy;- C p n c cho yu cu ring ca tr m x l n c;- C p n c cho cc nhu cu khc, trong c vic sc r a mng l i ngng

c p, thot n c v l ng n c tht thot trong qu trnh phn phi v dngn c.

3.2. Tiu chun dng n c cho n ung sinh hot v cc nhu cu khc tnh theoung i i v i ccim dn c ly theo bng 3.1.

3.3. Lu l ng ngy tnh ton (trung bnh trong nm) cho h thng c p n c t p trung c xcnh theo cng thc:

q1 N1f 1 + q2 N2f 2+ qi Nif i

Q ngy.tb (m3/ngy) = ----------------------- + D = -------------- +D (3-1)1000 1000

Trong:- qi: Tiu chun c p n c sinh hot ly theo bng 3.1.- Ni: S dn tnh tonng v i tiu chun c p n c qi.- f i: T l dn c c p n c ly theo bng 3.1.- D: L ng n c t i cy, r a ng, dch v th, khu cng nghi p, tht thot,

n c cho bn thn nh my x l n c c tnh theo bng 3.1 v l ng n cd phng. L ng n c d phng cho pht trin cng nghi p, dn c v ccl ng n c khc cha tnh c cho php ly thm 5-10% tng lu l ng n ccho n ung sinh hot ca im dn c; Khi c l do xcng c php lythm nhng khng qu 15%.

Lu l ng n c tnh ton trong ngy dng n c nhiu nht v t nht ngy(m3/ngy) c tnh theo cng thc:

Qngy.max = K ngy.max x Qngy.tb Qngy.min = K ngy.min x Qngy.tb (3-2)

H s dng n c khngiu ho ngy k n cch t chc i sng x hi, ch lm vic ca cc c s sn xut, mc tin nghi, s thayi nhu cu dng n ctheo ma cn ly nh sau:

K ngy max = 1,2 1,4K ngy min = 0,7 0,9

i v i cc thnh ph c qui m l n, nm trong vng ciu kin kh hu khnng quanh nm (nh: Thnh ph H Ch Minh,ng Nai, Vng Tu,), c th p dng mc:




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K ngy max = 1,1 1,2K ngy min = 0,8 0,9

Lu l ng gi tnh ton q m3/h, phi xcnh theo cng thc:Qngy.max

qgi . max = K gi .max -------------24

Qngy.min qgi . min = K gi .min ------------- (3-3)24

H sng dng n c khngiu ho K gi xcnh theo biu thc:K gi max = max x bmaxK gi min = min x bmin (3-4)

A: H s k n mc tin nghi ca cng trnh, ch lm vic ca cc c s snxut v cciu kin a ph ng khc nh sau:

max = 1,21,5amin = 0,4 0,6

b: H s k n s dn trong khu dn c ly theo bng 3.2.

Bng 3.1.GiaionS

TT i t ng dng n c v thnh phn c p n c 2010 2020I. th loi c bit, th loi I, khu du lch, ngh mt

a) N c sinh hot:- Tiu chun c p n c (l/ng i.ngy): + Ni

+ Ngoi vi- T l dn s c c p n c (%): + Ni

+ Ngoi vi b) N c phc v cng cng (t i cy, r a ng, cuho,); Tnh theo % ca (a)c) N c cho cng nghi p dch v trong th; Tnh theo %ca (a)d) N c khu cng nghi p (ly theoiu 2.4-Mc 2)e) N c tht thot; Tnh theo % ca (a+b+c+d)f) N c cho yu cu ring ca nh my x l n c; Tnhtheo % ca (a+b+c+d+e)

16512085

8010

10

22 45< 257 10

20015099

9510

10

22 45< 205 8

II. th loi II, th loi IIIa) N c sinh hot:- Tiu chun c p n c (l/ng i.ngy): + Ni

+ Ngoi vi- T l dn s c c p n c (%): + Ni

+ Ngoi vi b) N c phc v cng cng (t i cy, r a ng, cuho,); Tnh theo % ca (a)c) N c cho cng nghi p dch v trong th; Tnh theo %ca (a)d) N c khu cng nghi p (ly theoiu 2.4-Mc 2)e) N c tht thot; Tnh theo % ca (a+b+c+d)f) N c cho yu cu ring ca nh my x l n c; Tnhtheo % ca (a+b+c+d+e)

12080857510

10

22 45< 258 10

150100999010

10

22 45< 207 8

III. th loi IV, th loi V; im dn c nng thna) N c sinh hot:




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- Tiu chun c p n c (l/ng i.ngy):- T l dn s c c p n c (%): b) N c dch v; Tnh theo % ca (a)c) N c tht thot; Tnh theo % ca (a+b)d) N c cho yu cu ring ca nh my x l n c; Tnhtheo % ca (a+b+c)

607510

< 2010

1009010

< 1510

Bng 3.2.

S dn (1000ng i)

0,1 0,15 0,20 0,30 0,50 0,75 1 2

bmax 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,2 2,0 1,8

bmin 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,05 0,07 0,10 0,15

S dn (1000ng i)

4 6 10 20 50 100 300 1000

bmax 1,6 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,15 1,1 1,05 1,0 bmin 0,20 0,25 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,85 1,0

Ghi ch:

1. H s bmax dng xcnh p lc ca my b m v chiu caoi m bo p lccn thit ca mng trong gi dng n c l n nht. H s bmin dng xc nh p lcd ca mng trong gi dng n c t nht.

2. Khi xcnh lu l ng tnh ton cng trnh v mng l i, k c mng l i bntrong khu nh , h s b phi ly theo s dn c phc v, cn trong h thng c pn c phn vng phi tnh ton theo s dn ca mi vng.

3.4. Vic phn phi n c theo gi trong ngy ca h thng c p n c t p trung ly theocc biu dng n c tng h p ca th. Biu ny c l p trn c s cc biu dng n c ca tng i t ng hoc tham kho biu thc t ca cc khu dnc t ng t.

3.5. Tiu chun n c t i, r a trong khu dn c v khu cng nghi p tu theo loi mt ng, cch r a, loi cy v cciu kin a ph ng khc cn ly theo bng 3.3.

Bng 3.3.

Mc ch dng n c n v tnh Tiu chun cho 1ln t i (l/m2)R a bng c gi i, mt ng v qung tr ng hon thinT i bng c gi i, mt ng v qung tr ng hon thin.T i bng th cng (bng ng mm) va h v mt ng hon thinT i cy xanh th T i thm c v bn hoa

T i cy trong v n m cc loi.

1 ln r a

1 ln t i

1 ln t i

1 ln t i-

1 ngy

1,21,5

0,50,4

0,40,5

3446

1015




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Ghi ch:1. Khi thiu s liu v quy hoch ( ng i, cy xanh, v n m) th lu l ng n c

t i tnh theo dn s ly khng qu 8-12% tiu chun c p n c sinh hot tu theoiukin kh hu, kh nng ngun n c, mc hon thin ca khu dn c v cciukin t nhin khc.

2. Trong khu cng nghi p c mng l i c p n c sn xut th n c t i ng, t i cy c php ly t mng l i ny, nu cht l ng n c ph h p v i yu cu v sinh vk thut tr ng tr t.

3.6. S ln t i t 1 n 2 ln xcnh theoiu kin a ph ng.3.7. Tiu chun n c cho nhu cu sinh hot trong c s sn xut cng nghi p phi ly

theo bng 3.4.

Bng 3.4.

Loi phn x ngTiu chun dng n c sinh hot trong c s sn xut cng nghi p tnh cho 1 ng itrong 1 ca (l/ng i/ca)

H s khngiu ho gi

Phn x ng to nhit trn20 Kcalo/m3. gi Cc phn x ng khc

45

25

2,5

3

3.8. Lu l ng gi mt nhm vi tm h ng sen trong c s sn xut cng nghi p cnly bng 300l/h. Th i gian dng vi tm h ng sen ko di 45 pht sau khi ht ca.S vi tm h ng sen tnh theo s cng nhn trong cang nht v theoc imv sinh ca qu trnh sn xut theo bng 3.5.

Bng 3.5.

c im v sinh ca qu trnh sn xut S ng i s dng tnhcho 1 nhm h ng sen

a) Khng lm bn qun o v tay chn b) Lm bn qun o v tay chnc) C dng n c

d) Thi nhiu bi hay cc cht bn c

301410

6

Ghi ch: Tiu chun n c cho chn nui gia sc, gia cm ly theo tiu chun ca B nngnghi p.

3.9. Lu l ng n c cho nhu cu sn xut ca cc c s sn xut cng nghi p phi xcnh da trn yu cu cng ngh.

3.10. Khi cn xc nh lu l ng tnh ton t p trung ca nh v nh cng cng ngring bit th tiu chun dng n c ly theo tiu chun thit k c p n c trong nh.

L U L NG N C CH A CHY

3.11. Phi thit k h thng c p n c cha chy trong cc khu dn c, cc c s sn xutcng nng nghi p k t h p v i h thng c p n c sinh hot hoc c p n c sn xut.




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Khi thit k c p n c cha chy cn theo tiu chun phng chy v cha chy(TCVN-2622:1995).

P L C N C T DO

3.12. p lc t do nh nht trong mng l i c p n c sinh hot ca khu dn c, ti im

ly n c vo nh, tnh t mt t khng c nh h n 10 m.Ghi ch:i v i nh cao tng bit l p cng nh i v i nh hoc nhm nht ti im cao cho phpt thit b tng p cc b.

3.13. p lc t do trong mng l i bn ngoi ca h thng c p n c sinh hot ti cc h tiu th khng nn qu 40 m.Ghi ch:

1. Tr ng h p c bit c th ly n 60 m.2. Khi p lc trn mng l i l n h n p lc cho phpi v i nhng nh bit

l p hoc nhng khu bit l p c phpt thit b iu ho p lc hoc phi phn vng h thng c p n c.

3.14. H thng c p n c cha chy phi dng p lc th p. Ch c xy dng h thngc p n c cha chy p lc cao khi cy c s kinh t k thut.Trong h thng c p n c cha chy p lc cao, nhng my b m cha chy c nh phi c thit b bo m m my khng chm qu 3 pht sau khi nhn tn hiu cchy.

3.15. p lc t do trong mng l i c p n c cha chy p lc th p khng c nh h n10 m tnh t mt t v chiu ding vi r ng dn n c cha chy khng qu 150m.Ghi ch: cc tr i chn nui p lc t do cha chy cn tnh v i iu kin

vi r ng ti im cao nht ca tr i chn nui mt tng.4. NGUN N C4.1. Chn ngun n c phi cn c theo ti liu kim nghim da trn cc ch tiu la

chn ngun n c mt, n c ngm phc v h thng c p n c sinh hot TCXD-233-1999; Ti liu kho st kh t ng thu vn, a cht thu vn; Kh nng bo v ngun n c v cc ti liu khc. Khi l ng cng tc thm d,iu tra cn xcnhtu theoc im, mc ti liu hin c ca khu vc; Tu theo lu l ng v chtl ng n c cn ly; Loi h dng n c v giaion thit k .

4.2. Trong mt h thng c p n c c php s dng nhiu ngun n c c c imthu vn va cht thu vn khc nhau.

4.3. m bo lu l ng trung bnh thng hoc trung bnh ngy ca cc ngun n cmt phi ly theo bng 4.1, tu theo bc tin cy.

Bng 4.1.

Bc tin cy c p n c m bo lu l ng thng hoc ngy ca ccngun n c mt (%)

IIIIII

959085

Ghi ch: Bc tin cy c p n c ly theoiu 1.3.




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4.4. Vic nh gi kh nng s dng ngun n c vo mc ch c p n c v vic chnkhu vc xy dng h cha cn thc hin theo ch dn ca Ph lc 2.

4.5. Chn ngun n c phi theo nhng quy nh ca c quan quy hoch v qun lngun n c. Cht l ng ngun n c dng chon ung sinh hot phi m bo Tiuchun TCXD-233-1999. Cht l ng ngun n c dng cho sn xut phi cn c voyu cu ca tng i t ng dng n c la chn.

4.6. Cn tit kim trong vic s dng ngun n c ngm. Khi c ngun n c mt m bo Tiu chun TCXD-233-1999 thu tin s dng ngun n c mt.4.7. Khng c php dng ngun n c ngm c p cho cc nhu cu tiu th n c khi

cha c php ca c quan qun l ngun n c.4.8. Cn nghin cu kh nng b sung tr l ng n c ngm bng cc cng trnh b c p

nhn to khi ciu kin trong tr ng h p ngun n c ngm t nhin khng tr l ng khai thc.

4.9. c php x l n c khong hoc n c bin c p cho h thng c p n c nung, sinh hot, nhng phi so snh kinh t - k thut v i cc ngun n c khc.

4.10. Cho php dng n c a nhit c p chon ung, sinh hot v sn xut nu m bonhng quynh iu 4.5. Nhit cao nht ca n c c p chon ung sinh hot khng c qu 35C.

4.11. Cc ph ng n chn ngun n c phi c nh gi ton din v kinh t bao gmcc chi ph xy l p, qun l, tiu th in nng,...ng th i phi xtn nh h ngca vic khai thc ngun n c i v i nhu cu s dng n c ca cc ngnh kinh t khc.

4.12. Chn bin phpiu ho dng chy v dung tch h cha phi da vo nhng ctr ng tnh ton thu vn v nhng quynh v s dng ngun n c ca c quan quyhoch v qun l ngun n c.

4.13. H cha c p n c n ung sinh hot nn xy dng ngoi cc khu dn c, trongcc lu vc tha dn, c nhiu r ng, khng c b g v n c bn x vo.

5. CNG TRNH THU N C

CNG TRNH THU N C NGM

CH DN CHUNG

5.1. Chn v tr, kiu v s cng trnh thu n c ngm phi cn c vo ti liu acht, a cht thu vn, cng sut ca cng trnh, loi trang thit b, iu kin thicng viu kin bo v v sinh ca khu vc; ni chung phi xtn:- c im ca tng cha n c viu kin b c p n c ngm.- iu kin bo m v sinh v t chc vng bo v v sinh, bo v ngun n c

khng b nhim bn b i n c thi sinh hot, n c thi sn xut v khng b n c c khong ho cao hoc c cht c hi thm vo.

- Khut khng b xi l , tr t hoc cc loi bin dng khc gy ph hoi cngtrnh.

- C sn hoc c th lm c ng thi cng, ng phc v cho vic qun lcng trnh v ngng dn n c.

- Ging khoan phi cch xa cc cng trnh kin trc ti thiu 25m.

5.2. S dng ngun n c ngm vo mc ch c p n c phi c s ng ca c

quan v sinh dch t, c quan qun l ngun n c.Cng trnh thu n c c cng sut l n phi c c quan c thm quyn v qun lngun n c ph duyt.




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Ti liu xcnh tr l ng thit k ging khai thc phi do Hi ng tr l ngquc gia ph duyt.Vic khoan thm d k t h p v i khoan khai thc phi do c quan c chc nng v thm quyn quyt nh.

5.3. Khi thit k cc cng trnh thu n c m i v m r ng cc cng trnh hin c phixt n iu kin hot ng phi h p v i nhng cng trnh thu n c hin c hoc

ang c xy dng khu vc ln cn.5.4. Cc loi cng trnh thu n c ngm c th s dng l:1) Ging kh i dng thu n c mch nng vo t xung quanh hoc t y

su thch h p.2) Hng hay ging thu n c ngm chy l thin3) ng hm hoc ng thu n c nm ngang dng khai thc tng n c

su khng qu 8m, hoc thu n c cc l p t cha n c nm gn cc dngn c mt (nh sng sui, h cha) thi cng bng ph ng phpo m , nusu h n v mc n c ngm cao dng ph ng php khoan p, ng knh gingng khoan p ngang 2m.

4) Ging khoan mch su c p hoc khng c p, hon chnh hay khng honchnh.

La chn dng loi cng trnh no phi da voiu kin nu iu 5.1 v davo tnh ton kinh t k thut m quyt nh.

GING KHOAN

5.5. Trong n thit k ging phi ch r k t cu ging, ph ng php khoan, xcnhchiu su, ng knh ging, kiu ng lc, loi my b m v v bao che ca tr m b m ging.

5.6. Chn ph ng php khoan ging phi da voiu kin a cht, a cht thu vn, su v ng knh ca ging, ly theo ch dn Ph lc 4.5.7. Chiu su ging ph thuc vo su a tng, chiu dy tng cha n c hoc h

thng cc tng cha n c, lu l ng cn khai thc v mc n c ng t ngng.5.8. Xc nh ng knh v chiu di on ng vchu tin ca ging, ng knh

cui cng ca l khoan ging phi cn c vo lu l ng cn khai thc, loi v c my b m, chiu su t gung b m nu dng b m chm v b m tr c ng hocchiu su t ng ht nu dng b m tr c ngang, nghing cho php ca ging,thit b o mc n c ng trong qu trnh khai thc b mGhi ch: ng knhon ng vchu tin ca ging l ng knh trong cang m trong t b m hoc cc b phn ht ca b m.

5.9. Kch th c v k t cu ng lc cn xc nh trn c s iu kin a cht v acht thu vn tu theo liu l ng v ch khai thc, theo ch dn Ph lc 5.

5.10. Chiu di phn cng tc ca ng lc, nu thu n c trong tng cha n c c p vchiu dy tng cha n c d i 10m th ly bng chiu dy tng cha n c; nuthu n c trong tng cha n c khng p c chiu dy d i 10m, th chiu di phncng tc ca ng lc ly bng chiu dy tng cha n c tr i h mc n ctrong ging khi khai thc (ng lc phi t ng p d i mc n c tnh ton). Khichiu dy tng cha n c l n h n 10m th chiu di phn cng tc ca ng lc phi c xc nh tu thuc vo h s thm ca t, lu l ng khai thc v k tcung lc.

5.11.

Phn cng tc ca ng lc phi t cchnh v y tng cha n c t nht 0,5-1m.5.12. Khi khai thc trong nhiu tng cha n c th phn cng tc ca ng lc phi t




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trong tng tng khai thc v ni cc phn cng tc ca ng lc li v i nhau bngng khng khoan l.

5.13. Nhng ch chuyn ti p thay i ng knh ca cc on ng vch, hay ch chuyn ti p t ng vch sangng lc c th cu to bng cch ni ng hn lin(dng cn chuyn ti p) hoc ni lng. chng thm ti ch ni lng c th dng b phn ni p (ng bao bn trong dng s i ay du).

u mt trn ca ng lc phi cao h n chn ng vch khng t h n 3m khiging sun 30m v khng t h n 5m khi ging su trn 50m.5.14. ng knh trong ca ng vch ti ch ni lng v i ng lc khi khoan p phi

l n h n ng knh ngoi ca ng lc t nht 50mm, nu phi si quanhnglc - phi l n h n t nht 100mm.Khi khoan xoay, nu khng gia c thnh ging bngng th ng knh cui cngca l khoan ging phi l n h n ng knh ngoi ca ng lc t nht 100mm.K t cu ming ging phi m bo kn tuyt i ngn nga n c mt thmxung ging.

5.15. Khong tr ng gia cc ng vch hoc gia ng vch v thnh ging phi cchn k bng btng hayt st vin (30mm)m k trnh n c mt thmqua lm nhim bn ging.Trong mt ging khoan nu bn trn ngnh h ng ca tng cha n c d kinkhai thc c mt tng t b r i cha n c, th khong gia thnh ging v mtngoing vch phi chn k bng btng hoc t st vin. Trong tr ng h p cnthit phi cu to nhiu l p ng chng hn ch mc n c tng trn rt xungd i mang theo ht mn lm r ng t gy st l nn ging.

5.16. Chiu ding lng cn ly ph thuc tnh cht ca t nhng khng qu 2m.5.17. Phn ng vch ca ging phi cao h n mt snt my b m t nht 0,3m. Sau khi

hon thnh vic khoan ging v l p t ng lc, cn tin hnh sc r a ging v b m th. Vic thau r a ging v b m th cn thc hin theo cc ch dn Ph lc3.

5.18. Ging khoan tr c khia vo khai thc phi m bo cc yu cu cht l ng sauy:- su ng thit k ; mc n c ng, mc n c t nh, bo m khai thc lu

di k c khi cnh h ng ca nhng ging khai thc xung quanh.- nghing ca ging nh h n 1:1500- Hm l ng ct ca n c b m ln < 5mg/l- Lu l ng b m th cao h n lu l ng khai thc ti thiu 7%.

5.19. Khi t b m cng c trn ming ging (b m ging tr c ng); hoc nu dngmy b m chm th ng knh khai thc ca ng vch phi l n h n ng knh qui c ca my b m t nht l 50mm.

5.20. Tu theo iu kin c th v kiu thit b, ming ging phi t trong nh hoctrong h chm. Khi dng my b m cng c t trn ming ging nht thit phic v bao che.

5.21. khai thc nhm ging khi mc n c ng khng qu 8-9m cho php dngngthu kiu xi phng.

5.22. Tr ng h p khng dng c cc thit b ly n c khc hon chnh h n, nu cc s kinh t k thut th c php dng my nn kh, nhng phi ly khng kh cao cch mt t t nht 4m. Ca ht khng kh phi c l i lc v khng n c ma r i vo, ng th i phi m bo lc sch du cho khng kh sau my

nn.5.23. Chiu cao tr m b m ging tnh t mt t phi ly theo kch th c thit b nhngkhng d i 3,5m. Din tch tr m b m ti thiu phi bng 12m2 t my, thit b




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iu khin dng c o l ng kim tra vm bo thng thong.Ca ra vo ca tr m b m ging phi m bo a my ra vo d dng. Phi c cas thng gi, cc ging phi c gi tho l p my hoc t lu ng t trnmi bng ca ging. Tr n mi tr m b m phi c l v cn d kin thit b nng ti tho l p ng c v my b m.

5.24. gi cho cc tng t cha n c khng b nhim bn th nhng ging b hnghoc b nhim bn khng th s dng c na phi l p b bng t st hoc btng. Nht thit phi l p b nhng ging thm d nu chng khng c dnglm ging khai thc hoc ging quan tr c.

5.25. S l ng ging d phng cn ly theo bng 5.1.Ghi ch:1- Tu theo iu kin a cht thu vn v khi c l do xcng c th tng s ging d phng nhng khng qu 2 ln ghi trong bng 5.1.2- i v i bt k loi cng trnh thu n c no cng phi c b m d phngttrong kho. Khi s b m cng tc d i 10 ly 1, trn 10 ly bng 10% s my b mcng tc.3- Bc tin cy ca cng trnh thu n c cn ly theo mc m bo v c p n ctheoiu 1.3.

Bng 5.1

S ging d phng theo bc tin cyS ging lm vic Bc I Bc II Bc III1 - 23 - 9

10 tr ln

11 - 2

20%

01

10%

00

0

GING KH I 5.26. Chiu su ca ging kh i khng qu 15m. ng knh ca ging xcnh theo ti

liu thm d, yu cu b tr thit b v thi cng thun tin, ti thiu l 0,7m vkhng qu 5m. Ging c th lm hnh tr trn hay hnh chp ct; thnh ging cth xy bng gch, bng hay btng ct thp l p ghp.

5.27. N c vo ging kh i c th vo t thnh, t y hoc va t thnh vy, hoc cthm ccng thu hnh nan qut. Chn kiu no l tu theo ti liu a cht thu vn, yu cu dng n c v tnh ton kinh t k thut m quyt nh.

5.28. Cc l n c vo ging kh i c th thit k bng tng lc si mt l p hay hai l p,mi l p dy ti thiu 100mm. ng knh ht ca l p lc ti p gip v i tng chan c ly theo Ph lc 5. T l ng knh tnh ton ca cc ht gia 2 l p vt liulc ti p gip khng nh h n 5. C th chn cc l thu n c bng nhng vin btng r ng c sn, c p phi ly theoiu 5.29

5.29. Chn thnh phn ht si, t l n c xi mng cho tng lc bng b tng r ng phida vo tnh ton theo loi nham thch ca tng cha n c bn ngoi. S b chnthnh phn ht nh sau:C si bng 16d50 (d50 l ng knh ht trung bnh ca l p t cha n c, tc lc mt sng cho lt qua 50% s ht em th nghim).- L ng xi mng mc 400 ly 250 kg cho 1m3 btng- T l n c/ximng = 0,3 - 0,35 cho c ht 7-10mm

= 0,3 - 0,4 cho c ht 2 - 6mm.= 0,35 - 0,45 cho c ht 2 - 3mm.




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5.30. Khi ly n c t y thy ging kh i phi lm mt tng chn ngn nga ctn ln gm 3 - 4 l p ct si c ng knh ht l n dn t d i ln trn. Mi l pc chiu dy ti thiu khng nh h n 100mm, thnh phn ca ht vt liu chnxem Ph lc 5.

5.31. Khi thit k ging kh i phi tun theo cciu sauy trnh nhim bn n c:1 - Thnh ging cao h n mt t ti thiu 0,8m. Phi c ca thm ng i qun l

c th ra vo trng nom hoc sa cha.2 - Xung quanh ming ging phi c mt dc thot n c bng vt liu khng thmn c r ng 1,5m,c dc i = 0,05 h ng ra ngoi, xung quanh thnh ging cn pvngai t st chiu r ng 0,5m v chiu su khng t h n 1m.3 - Ging kn phi lmng thng h i, u ng thng h i phi c chp che ma v c bt bng l i.

5.32. Khi thit k mt nhm ging, nu c iu kin th nn dng kiu xi phng t ptrung n c, khi mc n c ng trong ging t p trung phi cao h n u htn c ca xi phng 1m. sung dn khng qu 4m. su tnh t timng nmc n c ng trong ging khng qu 7m.

5.33. Tc n c chy trongng xi phng ly bng 0,5-0,7m/s. dc ca on ngt ging n ging t p trung khng nh h n 0,001.

CNG TRNH THU N C KIU NM NGANG

5.34. Cng trnh thu n c kiu nm ngang c xy dng trong cc tng cha n ckhng p nm su khng l n (< 8m) v gn ngun n c mt.Cng trnh thu n c kiu nm ngang c th thit k d i dng m ng h , rnhthu bng , dm; ng hm hoc ng thu.

5.35. Cng trnh thu dng rnh dm ch nn dng c p n c tm th i. i v i cngtrnh ny n c c thu qua rnh ngm y hoc hc kch c 0,1 - 0,15m,chung quanh hai, ba l p dm hoc cui c ht b h n - to thnh tng lcng c, chiu dy mi l p t nht l 150mm. ng knh ht gia cc l p k nhauly theo Ph lc 5. Kch th c phn rnh ly ph thuc vo cng sut cnkhai thc viu kin a cht thu vn ca tng tng t cha n c. Pha trntng lc cn ph mt l p t st trnh n c trn mt t thm tr c ti p vornh.

5.36. i v i h thng c p n c c bc tin cy loi I, loi II phi thit k ng hm thun c. ng hm ngang thu n c lm bng btng c cha l hay khe h hoc bng btng r ng c p phi tu thuc a tng bn ngoi, ly theoiu 5.29. Bnngoi ca ng hm cn c mt l p si dy 150mm, c si ly theo ch dn Ph lc 5.

5.37.

i v i ng hm thu n c lng sng hay bi bi cn tu theo tnh hnh xi mnca dng sng m c bin php bo v cho b phn trn ca tng lc. Khi thit k ng hm thu n c nm ngang d i lng sng cn tu theo cht l ng n csng k t h p v i nin hn s dng m ly h s d tr mt cch thchng.

5.38. Tit din ng hm thu n c cn tnh ton thu lc v i iu kin n c chykhngy, ng th i tho mn cciu kin sau:- Tc chy trong ng hm ly bng 0,5 - 0,8m/s.- Chiu dy l p n c ly bng 0,4D (D l ng knh ng hm thu n c).- ng knh trong ca ng hm thu n c D200mm.

5.39. ng thu n c nm ngang c thit k khi su nh tng cha n c nh h n5m. Phn thu n c c th l ng snh,ng b tng ct thp hoc ng cht do, cl trn, hay khe h 2 bn s n v phn trnng. Phn d i ng (khng qu 1/3chiu cao) khng khoan l hoc khe h , ng knh nh nht ca ng l 150mm.




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Ghi ch:1) Cho php dngng bng kim loi khi c l do chnhng.2) ng bng cht do ch c dng loi m bo v sinh, khngnh h ng n

cht l ng n c.5.40. Xung quanhng thu n c t trong rnh phi t tng lc ng c. Thnh phn c

hc cc l p ca tng lc ng c phi c xcnh bng tnh ton. Chiu dy mil p khng nh h n 150mm. C p phi xem Ph lc 5.5.41. ng knhng dn n c ca cng trnh thu n c kiu nm ngang phi xcnh

ng v i th i k mc n c ngm th p nht. y tnh ton bng 0,5 ng knhng.

5.42. dc ca ng v pha ging thu khng c nh h n:0,007 khi D = 150mm0,005 khi D = 200mm0,004 khi D = 250mm

0,003 khi D = 300mm0,002 khi D = 400mm0,001 khi D = 500mmTc n c chy trongng khng nh 0,7 m/s.

5.43. Phi t cc ging thm quan st ch lm vic ca ng thu v ng hm thun c cng nh thng gi v sa cha; ng thu c ng knh t 150mm -600mm, th khong cch gia cc ging thm ly khng qu 50 m. Khi ng knhl n h n 600mm th khong cch gia cc ging thm ly bng 75m. i v i ng hm khong cch gia cc ging ly trong khong 100 - 150m. Ti nhngim ng thu hoc ng hm thu n c i h ng theo mt bng hay mt ngcng u phi t ging thm.

5.44. Ging thm phi c ng knh 1m. Ming ging cao h n mt t ti thiu 0,5m.Xung quanh ging phi lng l p chng thm r ng 1m v chnt st. Ging thm phi cng thng h i.

5.45. Tr m b m trong cng trnh thu kiu nm ngang phi k t h p v i ging t p trung.Tr ng h p c l do chnhng c phpt tr m b m ring.

THU N C MCH

5.46. Cng trnh thu n c mch (h hoc ging thu n c c su khng l n) cdng thu cc ngun n c mch chy l thin.i v i mch n c i ln phithu n c quay, i v i mch n c i xung cn thu n c qua l trn thnh ngnthu.

5.47. Kch th c mt bng, ct y v ct mc n c (ct ng trn) trong ngn thu phida voiu kin a cht, a cht thu vn v lu l ng khai thc m quyt nh.

5.48. thu n c mch t cc l p t c khe nt cho php khng dng tng lc, cn thu n c t cc l p t b r i phi c tng lc ng c.

5.49. Ngn thu phi t ng trn, ct mingng trn cn tnh theo lu l ng ca mch;

nu t cao qu, p lc t nh tr c ming phun tng ln, lu l ng mch chy ra b gim v c th xy ra tr ng h p mch chuyn ra n i khc c p lc th p h n. Nu t ct mingng trn th p qu s khng tn dng ht lu l ng phun ra ca




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mch.ng cho n c vo ngn thu c ng knh khng nh h n 100mm.

5.50. lng cn khi n c c nhiu cn l n phi cu to t ng trn chia ngn thu lm 2ngn, mt ngn lng v mt ngn thu n c.

5.51. Ngn thu phi c bo v khi s nhim b mt v phi m bo iu kin bov v sinh nh ghi iu 5.31.

B SUNG NHN TO TR L NG N C NGM

5.52. Khi cn thit c th b sung tr l ng n c ngm bng cc ngun n c mt quanhng h thng cng trnhc bit, hot ng lin tc hay nh k . Ngoi cngtrnh thm, cng trnh thu v b m n c, tu theoiu kin c th cn d kin cngtrnh lm sch v kh trng n c.

5.53. B sung nhn to tr l ng n c ngm c p dng :- Tng cng sut c p n c v m bo s lm vic n nh ca cng trnh thu

n c hin c hoc c xy dng m i.- Nng cao cht l ng ngun n c ngm thm lc vang c khai thc.- Bo v mi tr ng xung quanh (ngn nga h th p mc n c ngm xung

d i gi tr cho php gynh h ng n thm thc vt trong vng).- Bo v tng cha n c khi b nhim mn, nhim bn do n c thi sn xut,

n c thi sinh hot ngm xung.5.54. Khi dng ngun n c thm cho nhu cu n ung sinh hot, cht l ng ngun

n c mt b sung phi m bo tiu chun v sinh do Nh n c quynh. Khi cl do v c s nht tr ca c quan v sinh dch t, c th dng n c lm nguiv cc loi n c khc b sung n c ngm.5.55. Cng trnh b sung tr l ng n c ngm phi do c quan c thm quyn v quihoch, qun l ngun n c v s dng n c ph duyt.

5.56. Trong tt c cc cng trnh b sung nhn to n c ngm cn t thit b v dng c iu tit l ng n c c cung c p v quan st qu trnh lm vic ca cngtrnh v s thm n c qua b dy tng cha n c.

5.57. Cng trnh b sung nhn to tr l ng n c ngm c p n c sinh hot nht thit phi c vng bo v v sinh (theo ch dn Mc 11).

CNG TRNH THU N C MT

5.58. K t cu cng trnh thu phi m bo:- Thu c t ngun n c lu l ng tnh ton- Khng to nn s lng cn cc b ti khu vc khai thc- Khng cho rc, rong to, c lt vo cng trnh.

5.59. K t cu cng trnh thu n c mt cn cn c vo:- Lu l ng n c tnh ton- Bc tin cy ca cng trnh thu- c im thu vn ca ngun n c, c k n mc n c cao nht v th p nht.- Yu cu ca c quan v sinh dch t, c quan qun l ngun n c, giao thng

ng thu.




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5.60. Cng trnh thu n c chia lm 3 bc tin cy theo bc tin cy ca h thng c p n c(xemiu 1.3).

5.61. C p thit k ca cng trnh thu n c ch yu c xc nh theo bc tin cy cachng.Ghi ch:C p thit k ca p dng n c v cha n c c trong thnh phn ca cm cngtrnh thu n c mt phi ly theo tiu chun thit k cng trnh thu l i, nhngkhng th p h n:- C p II v i bc tin cy c p n c I- C p III v i bc tin cy c p n c II- C p IV v i bc tin cy c p n c III

5.62. Vic thit k cng trnh thu n c cn tnhn kh nng tng nhu cu dng n ctrong t ng lai.

5.63. V trt cng trnh thu n c mt cn phi m bo yu cu sau:a. u dng n c so v i khu dn c v khu vc sn xut,

b. Ly l ng n c yu cu cho tr c mt v cho t ng lai,c. Thu c n c c cht l ng tt v thun tin cho vic t chc bo v v sinhngun n c,

d. Phi ch c b , lng sngn nh, t b xi l bi p v thayi dng n c, su; ch c iu kin a cht cng trnh tt v trnh c nh h ng cacc hin t ng thu vn khc: sng, thu triu

e. T chc h thng c p n c (bao gm thu, dn, x l v phn phi n c) mtcch h p l v kinh t nht,

f. gn n i cung c p in,g. C kh nng phi h p gii quyt cc yu cu ca cng nghi p, nng nghi p v

giao thng ng thu mt cch h p l.

5.64. Cc cng trnh thu n c mt ni chung phi c kh nng lm sch n c s b khicc vt ni, rc r i v khi cn thit c ph sa.t cng trnh thu n i m trongma l c vt ni l n (g, tre, na) phi c bin php h ng vt ni di chuyntrnh cng trnh thu hoc phi ro pha th ng ngun cng trnh thu. Khi thit k cng trnh thu n c mt l n trongiu kin a cht thu vn phc t p cn phitin hnh th nghim trn m hnh.

5.65. Khng c phpt cng trnh thu trong lung i li ca tu b, trong khu vc c ph sa di chuyn d i y sng, th ng lu st h cha, vng c ng casng v n i c nhiu rong to.

5.66. Khng nnt cng trnh thu h lu st nh my thu in, trong khu vc ngayd i ca sng.

5.67. Cng trnh thu h cha phi t:- su khng nh h n 3 ln chiu cao tnh ton ca sng trongiu kin

mc n c th p nht.- Trong vng kn sng- Ngoi di t (doit) chy song song gn b hoc ni v i b gy ginon

dng chy.5.68. Cng trnh thu n c ven bin hoc h l n phi t trong vnh, sau cng trnh chn

sng hoc trong vng khng c sng v.5.69. iu kin thu n c t ngun n c c phn loi theo mc phc t p ca vic

thu n c, s n nh ca lng sng, b sng; ch thu vn v mc nhim bn ca ngun n c theo cc ch tiu trong bng 5.25.70. S cng trnh thu n c cn ly theo bng 5.3 tu theo bc tin cy yu cu v




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phc t p ca iu kin thu n c.5.71. m bo bc tin cy c p n c cn thit trongiu kin thu n c kh khn phi

dng cng trnh thu phi h p v i cc kiu khc nhau, ph h p v i ccc im t nhin v phi c bin php chng ph sa v khc phc cc kh khn khc. Trongtr ng h p ny, cn phi t cng trnh thu 2 v tr khng b ngng c p n ccng mt lc. Cng sut ca mi cng trnh thu c bc tin cy c p n c I cn ly

bng 75% lu l ng tn ton; v i bc tin cy c p n c II ly bng 50% lu l ngtnh ton. Cng trnh thu c bc tin cy c p n c II v III trongiu kin thu n cd dng hay trung bnh c php tng 1 bc.

Bng 5.2

iu kin thu n cc im iu kinthu n c Ph sa v s n nh ca b v

yCc yu t khc

D dng

Trung bnh

Kh khn

R t kh khn

Cht l lng P 0,5 kg/m3 lng, b sng (h) n nh, khng cl.

Cht l lng 1,5 kg/m3 (trung bnh trong ma l). Lng, b v bi sngn nh. dao ngmc n c theo ma 1m. Phsa dch chuyn dc theo b khng lmnh h ng n s nnh ca b .

Cht l lng P 5 kg/m3

Lngsng di chuyn cng v i s binng b v y, gy nn s thayi ct y sng t 1-2 m trongnm. B sng b bin i v i s di chuyn ph sa dc theo b v imi dc c dc thayi.

Cht l lng P > 5 kg/m3. Lngsng khng n nh thay ihnh dng ngu nhin hay c h

thng. B sng thayi nhiu,c kh nng gy tr t.

Trong ngun n c khng c s,rong to, c t rc v cht bn.

C t rong rc v cht bn khnggy tr ngi cho cng trnh thu.C b mng v tu thuyn quali.

C vt ni l n (g, tre) khi cl. C rc v cht bn gy khkhn nhiu cho cng trnh thu vx l.

C vt ni l n (g, tre) khi cl. C rc v cht bn gy khkhn nhiu cho cng trnh thu vx l.

Bng 5.3.

Bc tin cy ca cng trnh thu n ciu kin t nhin ca vic thu n c

D dng Trung bnh Kh khnS cng trnh thu n c

Cng trnh thu n c

a b c a b c a b cCng trnh thu n c st b I I II I I




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khng ng p v i cc ca thun c d ti p cn qun lv c cc cng trnh bo v v h tr cn thitCng trnh thu n c ng p ccloi, nm xa b , thc t

khng th ti p cn c vocc th i k trong nmI II I III II I

Cng trnh thu n c ding:- Dng ni

- Dng ray tr tIIIII

III

III III II

Ghi ch:1) Bng trn c l p cho 3 s cng trnh thu n c:- S a c 1 ca thu n c- S b, t ng t nh trn nhng bao gm mt s ngn thu n c c trang b ph ng

tin ngn nga ph sa v khc phc kh khn khc.- S c c 2 ca thu n c nm cch nhau mt khong cho php loi tr kh nng b

ginon cng mt lc trong vic thu n c.2) i v i cng trnh thu n c bc tin cy I v II phi chia cng trnh thu n c lm nhiungn. S ngn lm vic c l p khng nh h n 2.

5.72. Khi su gn b sngm bo thu n c bnh th ng hoc c th tng thm su bng cc cng trnhiu chnh, ng th i c iu kin v a cht cng trnhv kh nng thi cng th cn thit k cng trnh thu n c kiu k t h p.

Trong tr ng h p iu kin a cht cng trnh,iu kin thu vn, kh nng thicng cho php v khi cng trnh thu c cng sut nh th c th t hng thu n cgn b , tr m b m t ring v ni v i nhau bngng ht.

5.73. Khi su b sng khng thu n c v daong mc n c n 6m, thiv i cng trnh thu c cng sut nh cn cu to:- Hng thu ng p t lng sng;- Ngn thu c l i chn rct trn b ;- ng t chy hoc ng xi phng ni hng thu v i ngn thu;- Tr m b m t ring hoc k t h p v i ngn thu.

Khi mc n c daong trn 6m v khi dng my b m tr c ng th nn b tr tr m b m k t h p v i ngn thu c l i chn rc b .5.74. i v i cng trnh thu bc tin cy I c cng sut trung bnh hoc l n phi xt kh

nng dng vnh hoc m ng c b cao dn n c t lng sng vo trong tr ngh p:- Cn thu lu l ng l n khi khng su.- Trong ngun n c c nhiu ph sa v ct bi.

5.75. Chn kiu, cu to v hnh dng vnh thu phi da trn k t qu nghin cu thcnghim bng m hnh thu lc trong phng th nghim.

5.76. Khi s dng ngun n c sng m khng su cn xt kh nng xy dng:- Cng trnh thu kiu k t h p hay kiu c bit m bo thu n c mt cch tin

cy.




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- Cng trnhiu ho cc b dng chy hay lng sng tng kh nng thu n choc tng su cc b, lm cho vic vn chuyn ph sa l i y sng c tth n.

- p dng n c.5.77. i v i nhng cng trnh thu n c c cng sut trung bnh hoc nh nhng con

sng do c nhiu ph sa m vic thu n c g p nhiu kh khn, cng nh trongtr ng h p khng th t cng trnh thu n c lng sng v phi m bo giaothng ng thu, th phi nghin cu kh nng xy dng pha tr c cng trnhthu vnh thu n c st b , cho php ng p n c v ma l, nhng khng tch t phsa hoc ct bi.

5.78. i v i cng trnh thu n c sng min ni hoc trung du phi gii quyt vic vnchuyn cc vt cng vng qua cng trnh thu bng cch:- Xy dng cng trnh h ng dng di chuyn ph sa, ct bi khi khng c p.- X ph sa, ct bi qua thit b thau r a ca p dng n c.

- Dng b lng t u cng trnh thu.- Di chuyn dng bn, ct, theo dng sng.

5.79. Khi k t h p cng trnh thu n c v i p dng n c, phi d kin kh nng sacha p trong khi cng trnh thu vn hot ng bnh th ng.

5.80. Khi t cng trnh thu trong h n c nui c phi c thit b bo v c d i dngmt b phn ca hng thu hoc d i dng mt cng trnh ring bit trn m ng dnn c. Vic t v chn thit b bo v c phi c s ng ca c quan thu sn.

5.81. c php khngt thit b bo v c trong cc tr ng h p:- Cng trnh thu kiu thm.- Hng thu n c t ng p d i sng v tc dng chy ca sng khii qua

hng thu v ma cn l n g p 3 ln tc n c chy vo hng thu.- Ti hng thu ca cng trnh thu n c c cng sut nh v vo th i k c ,

song chn rc c thay th bng l i chn rc c mt l i nh v c d kinvic r a l i bng dng n c ng c.

5.82. Kch th c cc b phn ch yu ca cng trnh thu (ca thu n c, l i, ng,m ng dn...) cng nh cao tr c my b m cn xcnh bng tnh ton thu lcv i lu l ng tnh ton v mc n c th p nht (theo bng 5.2), c xtn vicngng mt ngng ht hoc mt ngn thu sa cha hoc kim tra.

5.83. Kch th c ca thu n c xcnh theo tc trung bnh ca n c chy qua song

hoc l i chn rc c tnhn yu cu bo v c.Tc cho php ca n c chy vo ca thu n c (cha k n yu cu bo v c)trongiu kin thu n c trung bnh v kh khn cn ly nh sau:- Vo hng thu n c b khng ng p: V = 0,6 - 0,2 m/s- Vo hng thu n c ng p: V = 0,3 - 0,1 m/s.Khi c yu cu bo v c (tr ng h p dng l i chn rc phng c mt l i 2 - 3mm t tr c ca thu n c) nhng khng k n s phc t p ca iu kin thun c trong cc con sng c tc dng chy > 0,4 m/s, th tc cho php can c chy qua ca thu l 0,25 m/s. Nu thu n c dng sng c tc dng chykhng v t qu 0,4 m/s v thu n c h th ly tc n c chy qua ca thu bng

0,1 m/s.Ghi ch:- Tc quy nh trny tnh v i tng din tch l ca song hoc l i bo v




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c.- Trongiu kin thu n c d dng t h nui c, tc cho php c chn tu

theo yu cu bo v c v thit b chn c.- i v i cng trnh thu kiu t su, thu n c theo tng l p, tc tnh ton

phi xcnh ring.

5.84. Kch th c v din tch ca thu n c xc nh cho tt c cc ngn lm vic ngth i (tr ngn d phng) theo cng thc:K

vQ25,1=

(5-1) - Din tch ca thu ca mt ngn thu (m2)v - Tc n c chy vo ca thu (m/s), tnh v i din tch thng

thu ca ca.Q - Lu l ng n c tnh ton ca mt ngn thu (m3/s)K - H s k n s thu h p din tch do cc thanh song chn

hoc l i.

+= a caK i v i song chn( ) +=

acaK

2

i v i l ic - Chiu r ng khe h ca song chn hoc l i (cm)a - Chiu dy thanh song chn hoc l i (cm)1,25 - H s tnhn din tch l b thu h p do rc.

5.85. Trong cc cng trnh thu n c kiu thm th din tch l p thm cng xcnh theo

cng thc (5-1), nhng ly h s K= P

1

trong P l r ng ca l p thm, ly bng 0,3-0,5 (i v i l p thm c tng lc l si v dm) v bng 0,25-0,35 (v il p thm l b tng r ng).Ghi ch: Khng c p dng cng trnh thu n c kiu thm i v i cng trnh thuc nh t cc ngun n c b nhim bn m khngm bo vic sa l p thm b nhim bn.

5.86. Cc cng trnh thu phi c bo v khi s xi l b i cc dng chy vng bngcch xy nn su v gia c y xung quanh cng trnh.

5.87. Cng trnh thu phi c bo v khi s ph hoi b i vt ni v neo tu thuyn.Tu theo bc tin cy t ra i v i h thng c p n c v mc phc t p ca cciu kin thu n c, cng trnh thu phi m bo cc ph ng tin chng s bi p y. Ch t cng trnh thu phi c ro bng cc phao ni.

5.88. Cc cng trnh thu b phi c bo v chng xi l do cc tc dng ca dngn c v sng bng cch gia c b vy.

5.89. Mp d i ca thu n c phi t cao h n y sng h ti thiu 0,5m. Mp trn caca thu hay ca cc cng trnht ng p th phi t th p h n lng tr ng ca sng0,3m. ng p ca ca thu khi thu n c thnh tng l p cn phi xcnh theo tnh toni v i n nh phn tng ca khi n c trong h cha.

5.90. Khi xy dng cng trnh thu n c cn tnh tonn kh nng nghu s v rong tolm tc nghn cc b phn thu n c c bin php phng chng (V d Cloho,...) theo cc ch dn iu 10.13.

5.91. Cho php dngng dn xi phng cc cng trnh thu n c c bc tin cy c p n cloi II v loi III.i v i cc cng trnh thu n c thuc bc tin cy c p n c loi I phi c l do xcng m i c php dngng dn xi phng.




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5.92. ngng t chy c ccim tho n c phi c thit k bngng hay m ngngm lm bng vt liu khng r . (ng btng ct thp,ng gang, m ng ngm btng ct thp).

5.93. ng ng dn n c t chy vng xi phng th d i n c cho php dngngthp hn thnhng ni lin c cc mi ni tng c ng v c nnn nh.

5.94. Phi kim tra ni ca ng t chy vng xi phng lm bng thp v phi cu tol p cch ly chng r , khi cn thit phi p dng bin php bo v cathode hay bov b mt.

5.95. ngng xi phng v t chy t trong gi i hn lng sng phi c bo v mtngoi khi s bo mn ca bn cty v khng b neo tu thuyn lm h hng bng ccht su chng d i y tu theoiu kin thc t nhng phi su t nht0,5m hoc p bng b tng tm hoc dm c gia c chng xi l .

5.96. Kch th c tit din ca ng ht vng xi phng t chy phi xc nh bng tnhton thu lc i v i ch lm vic bnh th ng ca cng trnh thu theo cc tr s tc sauy:- i v i ng t chy 0,7 - 1,5 m/s.

- i v i ng ht 1,2 - 2 m/s.Trong tr ng h p ny, tit din ngang ca ng xi phng hayng t chy c xcnh theo tc cho php, phi c kim tra v kh nng xi r a cc ht lngng trong ngng.

5.97. Mc n c tnh ton ti thiu trong cc ngn thu n c phi xcnh bng tnh tonthu lc,ng v i cc tr ng h p:- Mc n c ti thiu trong ngun n c.- Khi mt ngn ca cng trnh thu n c khng lm vic.- Khi xut hin cciu kin bt l i khc (tc l i chn rc, tc ng dn)Ghi ch:Khi thy c kh nng lm tc ng dn b i nghu s th cn tnh ton tn tht trn ngng dn v i tr s nhm bng 0,02 - 0,04.Khing dn xi phng c chiu di l n phi d kin t thit b m t t van x ti my b m.

5.98. Chn l i lm sch s b n c ngun phi ch n c im cu sng h cha n c v cng sut ca cng trnh thu.Trong iu kin sng h b nhim bn mc trung bnh, nghim tr ng v r tnghim tr ng m cng sut thu n c l n h n 1 m3/s th phi dng l i quay.

5.99. Din tch cng tc ca l i phng hay l i quay phi xcnh theo mc n c ti

thiu trong ngn t l i v tc qua mt l i v c chn nh sau:a. Khng l n h n 0,6 m/s trong tr ng h p c c th i vo ngn t l i. b. 0,8 - 1,2 m/s khi c thit b ngn c pha ngoi ngn thut b .

5.100. i v i cng trnh thu buc phi dng my b m li tm tr c ng th phi chn s l ng ca chng l t nht.i v i cng trnh thu cng sut nh cho php dng cc my b m ging.

5.101. c th tng cng sut ca cng trnh thu phi c d kin t trong tr m b m mtt my b m b sung hoc thay th bng my b m c cng sut l n h n cng nh phi c d kin t tr c vo tr m b m ccon ng lng c th u thm votr m ccng xi phng hoc t chy...

5.102. Tr m b m ( t mt) ca cc cng trnh thu phi thit k theo ch dn nu trongMc 7.Khi thit k tr m b m phi c d kin t b m thot n c d r b m ht bn t cc




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ngn thu n c v b m r a l i (trong tr ng h p khng th dng n c ly t cc ngng p lc).

6. LM SCH V X L N C

CH DN CHUNG

6.1. Ph ng php x l n c, thnh phn v cc thng s tnh ton cng trnh, liu l ngtnh ton cc ho cht phi xcnh theo: Cht l ng n c ngun, chc nng ca h thng c p n c, cng sut tr m x l n c, iu kin a ph ng, iu kin kinh t k thut v da vo nhng s liu nghin cu cng ngh v vn hnh nhng cngtrnh lm vic trongiu kin t ng t. i v i nhng cng trnh x l n c ccng sut l n, hoc cht l ng ngun n c phc t p, cn phi l p m hnh thnghim xc nh dy chuyn cng ngh x l n c v cc thng s k thut cnthit.

6.2. Khi la chn cc ph ng php x l ho hc phi tun theo ch dn iu 6.1. tnh ton s b, c th ly theo bng 6.1.

6.3. Khi thit k tr m x l n c cn cn nhc vic dng li n c r a lc. N c r a lc,n c x t b lng, n c thi t nh ho cht, t cc cng trnh ph tr khng cx tr c ti p ra sng h dng lm ngun c p n c m phi a vo cc cng trnhcha x l tr c khi thi ra ngun ti p nhn hoc thu hi li. Vic x n c thica cc nh my x l n c sau khi x l vo ngun ti p nhn phi tun th nhng yu cu ca cc c quan bo v mi tr ng.

6.4. kim tra qa trnh cng ngh x l v kh trng n c, tr c v sau mi cngtrnh (b tr n, b lng, b lc, b cha, tr m b m...) u phi t thit b ly mun c phn tch.

6.5. Phn loi cc ngun n c mt nh sau:a) Theo hm l ng cn:- N c tc: n 50 mg/l- N c c va: t 50 mg/ln 250 mg/l- N c c: t 250 mg/ln 1500 mg/l- N c r t c: trn 1500 mg/l b) Theo mu- N c t mu: d i 35 TCU- N c c mu trung bnh: 35 TCUn 120 TCU- N c c mu cao: l n h n 120 TCU

6.6. Cng sut tnh ton cc cng trnh lm sch phi tnh cho ngy dng n c nhiu nhtcng v i lu l ng n c dng ring cho tr m; ng th i phi kim traiu kin lm

vic tng c ng m bo l ng n c b sung khi c chy.6.7. Lu l ng n c dng ring cho tr m lm trong, kh mu, tr m kh st,... ly bng 3- 4% l ng n c c p cho h tiu th nu c dng li n c r a b lc; Ly bng 5 -10% khi khng dng li n c r a lc. i v i tr m lm mm v kh mui th ly bng 20 - 30% v phi xcnh chnh xc li bng tnh ton.

6.8. Tr m lm sch v x l n c phi tnh choiu kin lm vic iu ho sut ngym v i kh nng ngng tng cng trnh kim tra, thau r a v sa cha. i v itr m cng sut n 3000 m3/ngy th c php lm vic mt phn ngym.

Bng 6.1

Ch tiucht l ng n c Ph ng phpx l ho hc Ho cht s dng N c c c l n Keo t, ph tr keo t Phm nhm, phn st; cht




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ph tr keo t (axit siliic hottnh, poliacrilamit )

N c c mu cao, c nhiucht hu c v ph du sinh vt

Ozn ho tr c, clo ho,keo t, ph tr keo t, kimho

Ozn, clo dioxide, phnnhm, phn st; cht ph tr keo t (poliacrilamit, axitsiliic hot tnh); vi, xt,

sa kim th p lm kh khncho vic keo t.

Kim ho Vi, xt, sa

C mi v v Ozn ho, clo ho, h p ph qua than hot tnh

Ozn, clo dioxide, than hottnh,

N c c nhiu mui cng Lm mm bng vi - xa,traoi ion, thm thung c

Vi, sa, mui n, axtsunfuric

Hm l ng mui cao h n tiuchun

Traoi ion,in phn,chng ct, thm thu ng c

Axt sunfurc, xt

C hyr sunfua (H2S) Clo ho. Lm thong NaOCl Nhiu oxi ho tan Phnng xy ho - kh Natri thiosunfite, Hyrazin

N c khngn nh, c ch s bo ho m

Kim ho Vi, xt, sa

N c khngn nh, c ch s bo ho d ng

Axt ho, pht pht ho axt sunfuric, pht pht natri.

N c c vi trng Clo ho, ozn ho Clo, clo dioxite, clojavenozn

N c c nhiu st Lm thong, xy ho, kimho, keo t, traoi cation

Clo, clojaven, clo dioxide,ozn, kali permanganate, vi,xt, sa, cht keo t

6.9. Cc cng trnh cng ngh ch yu ca tr m x l n c nn ly theo bng 6.2 v ch dn iu 6.1

Bng 6.2

iu kin s dngCht l ng n c ngunThnh phn cc cng trnh

ch yu Cht l lng(mg/l) mu()

Cng sut ca

tr mm3/ngyX l n c c dng phn:1- Lc mt ta. Lc p lc n 30 n 50 n 3.000 b. Lc h n 30 n 50 n 5.0002- Lng ng - lc nhanh n 1.500 120 n 5.0003. Lng ngang - lc nhanh n 1.500 120 > 30.0004. Lc hai t. t I lc ti pxc; t II lc nhanh

n 300 120 bt k

5. Lng trong c l p cn l lng- Lc nhanh

50 n 1.500 120 bt k

6. Lng hai bc, lc nhanh >1.500 120 bt k 7. Lc ti p xc n 100 120 bt k




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8. Lng ngang hoc lng trongc l p cn l lng lm schmt phn

n 1.500 120 bt k

9. Lc ht l n lm sch mt phn

n 80 120 bt k

10. Lng l p mng Lc nhanh n 1000 120 bt k

X l n c khng dng phn:11. Lc chm. n 50 120 bt k 12. Lc s b - Lc chm n 1000 120 bt k 13. Lc ht l n lm sch mt phn

n 150 120 bt k

X l n c c st:14. Phun ma - Lc mt t Fe < 5 mg/l;

pH 7;H2S < 0,2 mg/l

120 bt k

15. Lm thong t nhin - Lngti p xc - Lc nhanh

Fe < 10 mg/;l pH 6,8;

H2S < 0,2 mg/l

120 bt k

16. Lm thong c ng bc (qutgi) Lc nhanh

Nh im 15 120 bt k

17. My nn kh - Lc p lc Nh im 14 120 < 3.00018. Lm thong t nhin hocc ng bc - Pha ho cht - Lng- Lc nhanh

pH < 6,8; kim th p;St dng keo;dng hu c ;

Hm l ng Fe l n

120 Bt k

Ghi ch:1. Trong ct cht l lng l tng l ng cn ti a k c do pha cht phnng vo n c

v do qu trnh thu phn phn to ra.2. Khi chn thnh phn cc cng trnh trong dy truyn cng ngh cn xt n s liu

theo di nhiu nm v s thay i cht l ng n c ngun trong nm v khong th igian c hm l ng cn v mu cao nht.

3. B lng trong c l p cn l lng ch p dng khi n c a vo cng trnh c lu l ngiu ho hoc thayi dn dn trong phm vi khng qu15% trong 1 gi , v nhit n c a vo thayi khng qu1C trong 1 gi .

4. Khi x l n c r t c, lm sch s b c th dng b lng ngang, h lng t nhinhay cc cng trnh khc.5. Ti cc cng trnh thu n c v lm sch n c cn phi t l i v i c mt li 5 -

7mm loi tr rc ni l lng trong dng n c. Khi l ng ph du sinh vt trongn c v t qu 1000 con/ml th ngoi l i phng hoc l i quay ti cng trnh thun c nn b tr thm microphin.

CHUN B HO CHT

6.10. Liu l ng ho cht c tnh ton theo cc th i k trong nm ph thuc vochtl ng ngun n c th v s c iu chnh chnh xc khi vn hnh nh my saocho hm l ng ho cht cn li trong n c sau x l nm trong phm vi cho php




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theo Tiu chun v sinhi v i cht l ng n c n ung v sinh hot (Ph lc6).

6.11. Liu l ng phn tnh theo Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3. Sn phm khng chan c c chn s b nh sau:a. X l n c c (theo bng 6.3) b. Khi x l n c c mu tnh theo cng thc:

P p = M4 (mg/l) (6-1)Trong- P p: Liu l ng phn tnh theo sn phm khng cha n c.- M: mu ca n c ngun tnh bng theo thang mu Platin-Cban.Ghi ch: Trong tr ng h p ngun n c th va c va c mu th l ng phn c xcnh theo bng 6.3 v theo cng thc (6-1) r i chn ly gi tr l n nht.

Bng 6.3. Liu l ng phn x l n cHm l ng cn (mg/l) Liu l ng phn khng cha n c

dng x l n c c (mg/l)n 100

101 - 200201 - 400401 - 600601 - 800

801 - 1.0001.001 - 1.500

25 - 3530 - 4035 - 4545 - 5050 - 6060 - 7070 - 80

Ghi ch:1. Tr s nh dng cho n c c nhiu cn l n2. Khi dng b lc ti p xc hay b lc lm vic theo nguyn l keo t trong l p vt liu

th l ng phn ly nh h n cc tr s bng 6.3 v cng thc 6.1 khong 10 - 15%.

6.12. Liu l ng cht ph tr keo t nn ly nh sau;a) Poliacrylamid (PAA):- Khi cho vo n c tr c b lng hoc b lng trong c l p cn l lng, ly theo

bng 6.4.- Khi cho vo n c tr c b lc s lng 2 bc ly bng 0,05 - 0,1 mg/l- Khi cho vo tr c b lc ti p xc hay b lc s lc 1 t ly bng 0,2 - 0,6

mg/l. b) axt silic hot tnh (theo SiO2)- khi cho vo n c tr c b lng hay b lng trong c l p cn l lng ly bng 2 - 3

mg/l.- Khi cho vo n c tr c b lc s lm sch 2 bc ly bng 0,2 - 0,5 mg/l.- Khi cho vo n c tr c b lc ti p xc hay b lc s lm sch mt bc ly

bng 1 3 mg/l.

6.13. Liu l ng ho cht cha Clo (theo Clo hot tnh) khi Clo ho tr c xc tin qutrnh keo t, qu trnh kh mu v kh trng, cng nh m bo yu cu v sinhcho cc cng trnh cn ly bng 2 - 6mg/l.




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Bng 6.4. Liu l ng PAA cho vo n c

Hm l ng cn (mg/l) mu () L ng PAA khng chan c (mg/l)

n 1011 n 100101 - 500

500 - 1.500

> 5030 - 10020 - 60

-

1 - 1,50,3 - 0,60,2 - 0,50,2 - 1

6.14. Khi trong n c ngun c Phnol cn phi cho amonic hoc mui amni (tnhtheo NH3) v i liu l ng bng 20 - 25% liu l ng Clo, tr c khi Clo ho n c.

6.15. Liu l ng ho cht kim ho DK (mg/l) cn xcnh theo cng thc:

DK = K

+ 1k e

P p

(6-2)Trong+ PP: Liu l ng phn l n nht trong th i gian kim ho (mg/l)+ e: ng l ng ca phn (khng cha n c) tnh bng mgl/l.i v i Al2(SO4)3 e = 57FeCl3 e = 54Fe2(SO4)3 e = 67+ k: kim nh nht ca n c tnh bng mgl/l+ K: ng l ng gam ca cht kim hoi v i vi (theo CaO) K =28i v i Sa (Na

2CO

3) K = 53

6.16. kh v v mi c th s dng thm cc ho cht sau:a. Than hot tnh dng bt b. Kali Pecmanganatc. znLiu l ng cc ho cht trn xcnh theo thc nghimGhi ch: Khi x l n c b nhim bn nng, c th dng phi h p zn, hocKali Pecmanganat v than hot tnh, lc than hot tnh cho vo n c sau khicho Kali Permanganat hoc zn.

6.17. Trnh t cho ho cht vo n c v khong cch th i gian gia nhng ln cho cc

ho cht ly theo bng 6.5. Nu khng th m bo khong cch th i gian cn thit gia nhng ln cho hocht vo ng ng dn n c th tr c tr m lm sch v trong b tr n th cho phpt b tr n v b ti p xc ph, nhng cu to ca chng khng c php cho ho cht cho vo n c d i dng huyn ph b lng xung.

Bng 6.5

c im

n c ngun

Ho cht x l Trnh t cho ho cht vo n c

1. Khi khngc mi v

Clo, phn u tin cho clo, sau 1 - 3 pht cho phn.




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2. C mi, v v c miClophenol

3. C hm

l ng cht huc cao, c miv nhngkhng c phenol

Phn, zn

a) Clo, hoc KMnO4

b) Clo, than hottnh, phn

Phn; zn tr c hoc sau b lc.

u tin pha clo hoc KMnO4. 2 - 3 pht sauth pha phn.

a) Pha clou tin, sau 10 - 15 pht cho thanhot tnh, sau 2 - 3 pht pha phn. b) u tin pha clo, sau 1 - 3 pht pha phn,than hot tnh v i liu l ng n 5 mg/l tr c b lc.

3 -Nh trn, cmi clophenolkhi clo ho.

a) Amnic, clo, phn

b) Phn, zn

c) KMnO4, phn

d) Amnic, cloKMnO4, phn.

e. KMnO4, clo, thanhot tnh, phn.

Amnic, sau 2 - 3 pht pha Clo, sau 1 - 3 phtna pha phn.

Phn; zn tr c hoc sau b lc.

KMnO4, sau 1 - 3 pht cho phn.

Amnic, sau 2 - 3 pht pha clo, sau 10 phtKMnO4, sau 1 - 3 pht cho phn.

KMnO4, sau 2 - 3 pht than hot tnh, sau 1 - 3 pht na cho phn.

Ghi ch:

1. Khi kim khng keo t phi cho thm vi hoc xa ng th i v i phn.2. kh trng phi cho clo vo n c lc.3. Cht ph tr keo t cho vo n c sau khi cho phn 2 - 3 pht.4. kh v v mi, cho php dng b lc v i l p lc bng than hot tnh dng ht (t

sau b lc lm trong n c) hoc dng b lc 2 l p: l p trn l tham hot tnh.5. Phi d tnhn kh nng thayi th i gian ti p xc v ho tr n n c v i ho cht.

6.18. Ho cht cn c iu ch v nh l ng d i dng dung dch hay huyn ph.Vic nh l ng ho cht phi m bo chnh xc bng 5% liu l ng nh. S thit b nh l ng cn phi ly theo s im cho ho cht vo n c,nhng khng nh h n 2 (1 d phng).Ghi ch:1. c phpnh l ng ho cht dng kh trong tr ng h p c bit.2. Cc thit b nh l ng cn t n i d quan st, nh sng v phi c dng

c kim tra.6.19. Tr c khi cho vo n c, cc cht phn ng phi ho thnh dung dch qua cc giai

on ho tan,iu chnh nng r i cha trong cc b (hoc thng) tiu th.a. Dung tch b ho tr n tnh theo cng thc:

)m(.b000.10p.n.q

W 3

h1 = (6-3)

Trong:




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q: Lu l ng n c x l (m3/h) p: Liu l ng ho cht d tnh cho vo n c (g/m3)n: S gi gia 2 ln ho tani v i tr m cng sut:

n 1200 m3/ngy; n = 24 gi 1200 -10.000 m3/ngy; n = 12 gi 10.000 -50.000 m3/ngy; n = 8 - 12 gi

> 50.000 m3

/ngy; n = 6 - 8 gi bh: Nng dung dch ho cht trong thng ho tr n tnh bng %.: Khi l ng ring ca dung dch ly bng 1T/m3. b.Dung tch b tiu th tnh theo cng thc:

)(. 312 mbbW

W t

h= (6-4)

Trong: bt = Nng dung dch ho cht trong thng tiu th, tnh bng %.6.20. Nng dung dch phn trong b ho tr n ly bng 10 - 17%; trong b tiu th 4-

10% tnh theo sn phm khng ngm n c.6.21. Cu to b ho tan phi m bo kh nng dng phn sch v phn khng sch. S

b tiu th khng c nh h n 2, s b ho tan cn chn tu theo ph ng phpvn chuyn phnn tr m x l, loi phn cng nh th i gian ho tan phn.6.22. ho tan phn cc v tr n dung dch phn trong b nu dng khng kh p th

cn ly c ng tiu chun nh sau:- ho tan phn: 8 - 10l /s.m2.- tr n u khi pha longn nng cn thit trong b tiu th: 3 - 5 l/s.m2. phn phi khng kh cn dngng c l bng vt liu chu axt.Tc khng kh trongng phi ly bng 10 - 15 m/s. Tc khng kh qua l bng 20 - 30 m/s. ng knh l 3 4 mm; l phi h ng xung d i, p lckhng kh p ly t 1 - 1,5 at.Cho php s dng my khuy hoc b m tun hon ho tan phn bt v tr ndung dch phn. Khi dng my khuy s cnh qut khng c nh h n 2, s vngquay ly bng 20 - 30 vng/pht.i v i tr m x l cng sut d i 500 m3/ngyc th ho tr n phn bng ph ng php th cng.

6.23. B ho tan v tr n phn phi c thit k v i t ng y nghing mt gc 45-50 so v i mt phng nm ngang. x cn v x kit b phi b tr ng c ngknh khng nh h n 150mm.Khi dng phn cc trong b ho tr n phi t ghi c th tho d , khe h ca ghi 10- 15mm.Khi dng phn bt trn ghi phi t l i c kch th c l l 2mm. r a cn vho tan phn phn b d i ghi (phn t ng thu n c) cn phn c thit b cho n c v khng kh vo b.

6.24. y b tiu th phi c dc khng nh h n 0,005 v phang x. ng x phic ng knh khng nh h n 100 mm.ng dn dung dch iu ch phi tcch y 100 - 200mm. Khi dng phn khng sch phi ly dung dch phn l ptrn bngng mm.

6.25. Mt trong b ho tr n v tiu th phi c bo v bng l p vt liu chu axt chng tc dng n mn ca dung dch phn.

6.26. Khi dng phn st dng dung dch th c th cho ngay vo thng tr n r i iuchnh nng . Khi dng phn st kh th phn trn ca b ho tr n phi t ghiv dng tia n c phun ho tan. Cc b ny phi t trong mt phng ring cthng h i tt.

6.27. b m dung dch phn phi dng b m chu c axit hoc Eject .Tt c ng ng ho cht phi lm bng vt liu chu axit. K t cu ng dn hocht phi m bo kh nng sc r a nhanh.




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6.28. Polyacrylamid phi dng dng dung dch c nng 0,1-0,5%.iu ch dung dch polyacrylamid (PAA) dng gel phi tin hnh trong b c mykhuy cnh qut v s vng quay ca tr c 800-1000 vng/pht. Khuy lin tctrong 25n 40 pht.i v i PAA dng kh, th i gian khuy tr n l 2 gi v nng ca dung dch 0,5-1%.

6.29. S l ng my khuy cng nh th tch b tiu th phi xc nh theo th i hn d

tr dung dch PAA khng qu 2 ngy khi nng 0,1-0,3%; khng qu 7 ngy khinng l 0,4-0,6% v khng qua 15 ngy khi nng t 0,7-1%.6.30. iu ch dung dch axit silic hot tnh (AK) c thc hin bng cch x l thu

tinh lng v i dung dch nhm sunfat hoc clo.6.31. Vic hot ho bng dung dch nhm sunfat tin hnh trong thit b hot ng lin

tc hay hot ng nh k . Cch tnh ton thit b iu ch axit silic hot tnh c trnh by Ph lc 7.

6.32 kim ho vn nh n c phi dng vi; xt hoc sa.6.33. Khi chn s cng ngh ca qu trnh chun b vi phi xt n cht l ng v

dng sn phm ca vi do nh my sn xut, nhu cu v vi, v tr cho vi von cGhi ch: Khi l ng vi s dng d i 50 kg/ngy (theo CaO) th c php dng s s dng dung dch vi gm c kho d tr t, thit b ly vi ti, thng bo ho2 ln v thit b nh l ng.

6.34. S b cha vi sa hoc dung dch vi khng t h n 2, Nng vi sa trong b tiu th ly khng qu 5% theo CaO.

6.35. Khi x l n nh n c, ho cht s dng khng c cha cht bn v cht chi. lm sch vi sa khi x l n nh n c phi dng b lng ng hoc siclonthu lc. Tc dng sa vii ln trong b lng ng ly bng 2 mm/s.

6.36. tr n lin tc vi sa c th s dng mt trong cc bin php sau: Thu lc (my b m vi tun hon), my khuy hoc khng kh nn.Khi tr n thu lc, tc i ln ca vi sa trong b ly khng nh h n 5mm/s. B cn cy hnh chp, gc nghing khng nh h n 45 v ng x c ng knh 100mm.Khi tr n bng khng kh nn c ng tiu chun cn ly bng 8-10l/s.m2, p lckh nn ly t 1-1,5at.Tc khuy bng my khng nh h n 40vng/pht.

6.37. ng knhng dn vi sa xcnh nh sau:- ng p lc dn sn phm sch khng nh h n 25mm, dn sn phm khng sch

khng nh h n 50mm.- ng t chy ly khng nh h n 50mm. Tc vi sa chy trongng khng

nh h n 0,8m/s. Ch ngot trn ng ng dn vi sa phi c bn knh congkhng nh h n 5D (D l ng knhng).

ngng p lc thit k v i dc v pha my b m khng nh h n 0,02,ng t chy phi c dc khng nh h n 0,03 v pha ming x. Phi d kin kh nngthau r a v tho d cc ngng ny thun tin.

6.38. chuyn vi sa phi dng my b m chuyn dng. B m phi t d i mc n c.Khngt van 1 chiu.

6.39. Cng sut thng bo ho 2 ln ch dung dch vi phi xcnh t lu l ng vitnh ton v ho tan ca vi ly theo bng 6.6.




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Bng 6.6

Nhit n c 5 10 20 30 ho tan ca vi g/m3 tnh theo CaO 1.430 1.330 1.230 1.120

Dung tch thng bo ho W0 (m3) xcnh theo cng thc:

W0 = K 1.K 2.Qc (6-5)Trong:- Qc: Cng sut ca thng bo ho (m3/h)- K1: H s ph thuc nhit ca n c c bo ho ly theo bng 6.7.- K 2: H s ph thuc t s gia cng canxi v i cng ton phn.- K 2 = 1, khi cng canxi l n h n 70% cng ton phn .- K 2 = 1,3, khi cng canxi nh h n 70% cng ton phn.- Din tch ngn lng ca thng bo ho phi c kim tra v i tc i ln

ca cht lng ghi trong bng 6.7

Bng 6.7.

Nhit n c, CCh tiu 5 10 20 30H s K 1 Tc cho php ca cht lng ngn lng cathng bo ho (mm/s)

70,15

60,2

50,26

40,33

6.40. Nng dung dch sa ly bng 5-8%.nh l ng dung dch sa cn theoch dn iu 6.18.

6.41. nh l ng than dng nho phi tm t than v i n c trong th i gian 1gi trong b tr n bng thu lc hay c gi i. My b m tr n v chuyn btthan nho phi chu c tc dng mi mn ca than. Nng bt than ly bng 5-10%.

6.42. ng dn bt than nho cn tnh ton v i tc khng nh h n 1,5 m/s. Trnng phi c l thm c r a. Ch ngot phi c bn knh v c dc theoch dn iu 6.37.

6.43. Cu to thit b nh l ng dung dch phi m bo khuy tr n thu lc v gi nng bt than nho mc c nh trong thit b.

6.44. Thit b cha, pha,nh l ng bt than phi c thng gi cc b v c bin php chng chy an ton.

6.45. Dung tch b iu ch dung dch Kali Permanganat KMnO4 phi xcnh xut pht t nng lm vic ca dung dch 0,5-2% (theo sn phm th tr ng).Trong th i gian ho tan hon ton ho cht phi ly bng 4-6 gi khi nhit n c d i 20C v bng 2-3 gi khi nhit n c bng 40C.

6.46. S b ho tan Kali Permanganat (ng th i cng l b tiu th) khng c th n 2 (mt d phng)

nh l ng dung dch Kali Permanganat phi s dng thit b nh l ngdng cho dung dch lng trong v chu c n mn.




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L I QUAY V MICRPHIN

6.47. L i quay dng tch vt ni v cht l lng. Micrphin dng tch rongto v ph du sinh vt ra khi n c.L i quay c c mt l i 5-7mmt cng trnh thu n c. Micrphin phit ti tr m lm sch. Khi c l do th c phpt cng trnh thu n c.

6.48. S l i v Micrphin d phng quynh nh sau:Khi c t 1-5 ci lm vic th d phng 1 ciKhi c t 6-10 ci lm vic th d phng 1-2 ciKhi c nhiu h n 11 ci lm vic th d phng 2-3 ci.

6.49. L i v Micrphin phi c t trong cc ngn. Trong ngn cho phpt 2ci, nu s ci lm vic l n h n 5. Phi r a l i quay v Microphin khi chnh mc n c tr c v sau l i t n 10 cm.

6.50. R a l i v Micrphin cn thc hin bng dng n c p lc, phun qua l itheo h ng ng c chiu v i dng n c. V i mc ch cn c ng ngdn c p lc khng nh h n 1,5 bar.Lu l ng n c r a l i bng 0,5%; r a micrphin ly bng 2% lul ng n c dn vo tr m.H thng ng dn n c r a v thot n c r a phi tnh v i lu l ng ti a bng 3% cng sut i v i l i v bng 5% cng sut i v i Micrphin.

THIT B TRN

6.51. Thit b tr n phi m bo tr n ho cht vo n c ng trnh t cn thit v th i gian, cng nh m bo phn phi u v nhanh ho cht trong n c x l.

6.52. tr n ho cht v i n c c th s dng cc thit b tr n bng thu lc (b tr n c tm chn khoan l, b tr n c tm chn ngang, b tr n ng, vnh chn,ng venturi).Cho php tr n ho cht v i n c trongng dn v my b m n c n cngtrnh lm sch. Chiu dion ng tr n phi xc nh bng tnh ton; tn thtp lc trongonng k c tn tht cc b khng c nh h n 0,3-0,4m.Ghi ch:1. K t cu b tr n khng c cn v ho cht cho vo n c d i dng

huyn ph b lng xung; khng n c b bo ho b i bt khng kh.2. Cho ph p s dng thit b tr n c gi i.

3. Cho php s dng my b m tr n cc ho cht khng c tc dng phhoi my b m.

4. tr n vi phi dng b tr n ng.6.53. B tr n c tm chn khoan l, b tr n c tm chn ngang, b tr n ng phi c

t nht 2 ngn v i th i gian n c lu li khng qu 2 pht; trong b c tmkhoan l v tm chn ngang phi d kin kh nng tho vch ra.Khng cn thit k b d phng, nhng cn c ngng dn tt khng qua b tr n.

6.54. B tr n c tm chn khoan l phi c 3 vch ngn khoan l, tc n c chyqua l ly bng 1m/s. Mp trn ca hng l trn cng phi ng p su d i n c

10-15cm. T s gia din tch cc l v din tch vch ngn c th ly t 30-35%.6.55. B tr n c tm chn t trong m ng ch nht to ra chuyn ng ngot ca


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